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Millepora complanata Lamarck 1816

Millepora complanata ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Millepora complanata, commonly known as blade fire coral, is a species of fire coral in the family Milleporidae. It is found in shallow waters in the Caribbean Sea where it is a common species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being critically endangered.

Description

Fire corals are colonial coral-like organisms that secrete calcareous skeletons.[3] Colonies of Millepora complanata have an encrusting base and thin upright plates or blades growing to a height of about 50 centimetres (20 in). The plates of Millepora complanata grow perpendicular to the current direction, with some colonies not growing larger than the encrusted base if the current is too strong.[4] The surface of the blades is smooth and the outer margins irregular, with many stumpy protrusions. This fire coral is pale brown or cream coloured, with white tips to the blades. The feeding and defensive polyps are hair-like and project through fine pores on the surface of the blades. Contact with this fire coral by bare skin can cause a severe stinging sensation.[5]

Distribution and habitat

Millepora complanata has a widespread distribution in the Caribbean Sea. It often grows in areas with vigorous water movement and turbid waters, and is tolerant of siltation.[1]

Biology

Growing at San Salvador Island, Bahamas

Some of the polyps of Millepora complanata are dactylozooids with hair-like processes and stinging cells that detect the presence of zooplankton and help entrap it. The nematocyst in the dactylozooid is discharged and injects venom into the prey, all within three milliseconds.[6] Other polyps are gastrozooids and their chief function is the ingestion of food for the colony. Copepods form the main part of the diet. The soft tissues of M. complanata contain zooxanthellae, symbiotic photosynthetic dinoflagellates. These provide much of the organic carbon needed by the fire coral.[7] The M. complanata can feed during both day and night, but tend to feed mostly at night.[8]

The reproduction of fire corals is complex and involves an alternation of asexual and sexual generations. The encrusting parts of the coral expand by the growth of stolons, and the edges of blades expand by sympodial growth. Sexual reproduction involves a sessile polyploid stage and the budding off of planktonic medusae.[7] Broken off fragments of coral blades can successfully reattach to the substrate and M. complanata is one of the first coral species to recolonise damaged reefs.[7]

Millepora complanata is susceptible to coral bleaching, a process by which stressed corals expel their zooxanthellae and turn white. In a mass bleaching event in the Caribbean in 1998 caused by thermal stress, both M. complanata and the closely related Millepora alcicornis were affected but M. alcicornis more severely so. Many colonies were killed but some, especially colonies of M. complanata, recovered and regained their colour over the course of a few months.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b Sweet, M. (2022). "Millepora complanata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T133042A179618755. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  2. ^ a b Schuchert, Peter (2015). "Millepora complanata Lamarck, 1816". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2015-06-27.
  3. ^ Lewis, John B. (2006). Advances In Marine Biology. Academic Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-08-046333-9.
  4. ^ Ruiz-Ramos, D., Weil, E. and Schizas, N., 2014. Morphological and genetic evaluation of the hydrocoral Millepora species complex in the Caribbean. Zoological Studies, 53(1), p.4.
  5. ^ De Kluijver, M.; Gijswijt, G.; de Leon, R.; da Cunda, I. "Blade fire coral (Millepora complanata)". Interactive Guide to Caribbean Diving. Marine Species Identification Portal. Retrieved 2015-06-27.
  6. ^ García-Arredondo, A., Rojas, A., Iglesias-Prieto, R., Zepeda-Rodriguez, A. and Palma-Tirado, L., 2012. Structure of nematocysts isolated from the fire corals Millepora alcicornis and Millepora complanata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, 18(1), pp.109-115.
  7. ^ a b c d Lewis, John B. (2006). Advances In Marine Biology. Academic Press. pp. 25–30. ISBN 978-0-08-046333-9.
  8. ^ Lewis, J., 1992. Heterotrophy in corals: zooplankton predation by the hydrocoral Millepora complanata. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 90(3), pp.251-256.
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Millepora complanata: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Millepora complanata, commonly known as blade fire coral, is a species of fire coral in the family Milleporidae. It is found in shallow waters in the Caribbean Sea where it is a common species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being critically endangered.

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direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
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wikipedia EN

Millepora complanata ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

El coral de fuego aplanado (Millepora complanata) es una especie de coral perteneciente a la familia Milleporidae, que es muy conocida por la reacción que causa en la piel al tocarlo.

Aspecto

Las colonias tienen ramas aplanadas en forma de cuchillas o placas que se extienden a partir de una base incrustante que no siempre presenta tejido vivo. Las ramas más externas son múltiples y cortas, la superficie tiene una textura liza con muchos poros pequeños donde se encuentran los pólipos. El color varía entre amarillo mostaza y marrón claro y los bordes son blancos. Crecen hasta 50 cm aunque en crestas coralinas pueden alcanzar varios metros de longitud.

Abundancia y distribución

Son comunes en zonas del mar Caribe, Florida y las Bahamas.

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Coral de fuego aplanado en su hábitat, con los peces Haemulon flavolineatum y Chromis multilineata y la esponja florero Callyspongia vaginalis.

Hábitat y comportamiento

Son propios de arrecifes poco profundos, cercanos a los 15 metros, con corriente elevada y oleaje fuerte (Humman y DeLoach 2006) donde la disponibilidad de nutrientes y de luz es más alta. Muestran alta tolerancia a la sedimentación y se encuentran en aguas con turbidez media.

Toxicidad

Son tóxicos pues al entrar en contacto con la piel producen una sensación de quemadura intensa, de corta duración, que puede causar enrojecimiento, picazón y ronchas. La duración y la intensidad de estos efectos depende de la sensibilidad del individuo.

Amenazas

El tamaño de la población se ha reducido si se compara con los registros históricos pero esta reducción no supera el 10% a excepción de algunos arrecifes que han sido altamente intervenidos. Ha sido afectada por eventos de blanqueamiento pero tiene a recuperarse con facilidad debido a su alto ritmo de crecimiento.

No es de gran interés comercial ni ornamental por lo tanto no es muy comercializado. Sin embargo es susceptible a enfermedades y cambios bruscos en su hábitat. Al igual que los corales y los arrecifes en general, se ve deteriorado por actividades turísticas y demás que implican la intervención y destrucción de su hábitat.

Referencias

 title=
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Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia ES

Millepora complanata: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

El coral de fuego aplanado (Millepora complanata) es una especie de coral perteneciente a la familia Milleporidae, que es muy conocida por la reacción que causa en la piel al tocarlo.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia ES

Millepora complanata ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Millepora complanata is een hydroïdpoliep uit de familie Milleporidae. De poliep komt uit het geslacht Millepora. Millepora complanata werd in 1816 voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Lamarck.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Geplaatst op:
11-12-2011
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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Millepora complanata ( Ucraniano )

fornecido por wikipedia UK

Опис

Колонії утворюють тонкі, вертикальні лопаті або пластини, які утворюють інкрустовані бази. Колонії до 50 см заввишки. Зовнішній край лопатей нерівний з декількома розширеними або короткими гілками. Поверхня гладка, покрита дрібними порами, у яких живуть поліпи. Коли крихітні поліпи висовуються назовні, вони виглядають як короткі, тонкі волоски. Колір коричневий з вершково-жовтими, з білими кінчиками гілками.

Навколишнє середовище

Мешкають на скелястих та коралових рифах на глибині до 15 м.

Поширення

Зустрічаються біля берегів Флориди, Багамських островів та у Карибському басейні

Примітки

Контакт з живою колонії може призвести до серйозних опіки через токсини, що впорскуються нематоцистами.

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Millepora complanata ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Millepora complanata là một loài san hô trong họ Milleporidae. Loài này được Lamarck mô tả khoa học năm 1816.

Hình ảnh

Tham khảo

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Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
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wikipedia VI

Millepora complanata: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Millepora complanata là một loài san hô trong họ Milleporidae. Loài này được Lamarck mô tả khoa học năm 1816.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
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Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia VI

Biology ( Inglês )

fornecido por World Register of Marine Species
zooxanthellate with calcareous skeleton

Referência

van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO).

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WoRMS Editorial Board
contribuidor
Jacob van der Land [email]