Cystisomatidae Willemöes-Suhm 1875

Cystisoma is a genus of amphipod. It is the only member of the family Cystisomatidae within the Hyperiidea.^{[1][2][3][4][5]} The genus is noted for its nearly completely transparent body, adapted for life in low light waters.

Description

Gallery

Cystisoma are characterized by unpigmented, transparent bodies which render them essentially invisible in water unless under precisely angled lighting.^[6] Only their eyes are pigmented. There is only a single pair of eyes which are large and directed upwards, being spread into a thin sheet on the upper surface of the head. This is likely an adaption of life in the ocean depths, where the only major light source is from above.^[7][8]

Marine biologists at Duke University and the Smithsonian analyzed the crustacean's shell and discovered that it was covered in microscopic spheres that significantly reduce reflected light, thus giving the organism an antireflective coating. The spheres are believed to be bacteria due to their morphology and method of reproduction. Minute structures called nanoprotuberances were also observed on the Cystisoma's body, notably on the organism's legs. Researchers believe that they act as a buffer between light and the amphipod's body, significantly reducing surface reflection.^[9][6]

Size

Cystisoma are the largest of hyperiids, reaching lengths over 100 mm.^[9]

Distribution

Cystisoma inhabit the dim epipelagic and mesopelagic zones. They can be found in all of the world's oceans. They appear to be freely swimming organisms and unlike other hyperiids, do not appear to be closely associated with salps.^[9]

Species

• Cystisoma fabricii Stebbing, 1888
• Cystisoma gershwinae Zeidler, 2003
• Cystisoma latipes (Stephensen, 1918)
• Cystisoma longipes (Bovallius, 1886)
• Cystisoma magna (Woltereck, 1903)
• Cystisoma pellucida (Willemöes-Suhm, 1873)

References

Cystisomatidae er en familie innenfor infraordenen Physocephalata, en Hyperiidea-gruppe av tanglopper.^[1] Den har per 2016 bare en slekt, som ble beskrevet allerede i 1842 og bekreftet under gruppen i 2013. Gruppens arter kjennes fra Gammaridea-arter på avvikende morfologi i halepartiet. Denne gruppens arter er plankton som lever i saltvann, og flere av artene finnes i Nord-Atlanteren.

Gruppens taksonomi

Gruppen ble opprettet i 2013.^[2]En moderne oppdatering av systematikken gis nedenfor i lys av 2013-revisjonen med basis i WoRMS-databasen.^[3]

• Rekke: KREPSDYR (Crustacea) - 67 000 arter
  • KLASSE storkreps (Malacostraca) - +25 000 arter Latreille, 1802
    • Underklasse Eumalacostraca Grobben, 1892
      • Overorden Peracarida Calman, 1904
        • Orden tanglopper (Amphipoda) - 9 000 arter, 1 900 i ferskvann Latreille, 1816
          • Underorden Hyperiidea - 20 / 23 familier, 233 arter H. Milne-Edwards, 1830
            • Infraorden Physocephalata
            • Overfamilie Cystisomatoidea Zeidler, 2003
              • Familie Cystisomatidae Willemöes-Suhm, 1875
                • Cystisoma Guérin-Méneville, 1842
                  • Cystisoma fabricii Stebbing, 1888 = Cystisoma coalitum (Woltereck, 1903) = Cystisoma loveni (Bovallius, 1889) - New Zealand, Stillehavet, Nord-Atlanteren
                  • Cystisoma gershwinae Zeidler, 2003 - British Columbia
                  • Cystisoma latipes Stephensen, 1918= Cystisoma parkinson Stebbing - Mexicogulfen, Nord-Atlanteren
                  • Cystisoma longipes Bovallius, 1886 = Cystisoma africanum K.H. Barnard, 1916 - Australia
                  • Cystisoma magna Woltereck, 1903 - Indiske hav, New Zealand
                  • Cystisoma pellucida Willemoes-Suhm, 1874 - New Zealand, Stillehavet, Nord-Atlanteren
                  • Cystisoma neptunus Guérin-Méneville, 1842 (usikker)
                  • Cystisoma spinosum Fabricius, 1775 (usikker)

Referanser

Eksterne lenker

• (en) Cystisomatidae – oversikt og omtale av artene i WORMS-databasen
• (en) Cystisomatidae i Encyclopedia of Life
• (en) Cystisomatidae i Global Biodiversity Information Facility
• (en) Cystisomatidae hos NCBI
• (en) Cystisomatidae hos ITIS
• Cystisomatidae – detaljert informasjon på Wikispecies

Cystisomatidae é uma família de anfípodes pertencentes à ordem Amphipoda.^[1]

Género:^[1]

• Cystisoma Guérin-Méneville, 1842

Referências