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The genus Periclimenes, also called anemone shrimps, includes about 175 species, many of which have obligate associations with other, often larger species, but some that are free-living. They live in warm waters, and are especially diverse in reefs of the Indo-West Pacific. Species that Periclimenes shrimp associate with frequently include sea anemones, but they also associate with corals, sponges, crinoids, sea stars, sea cucumbers, urchins, feather stars (crinoids) and sea slugs (nudibranchs).The shrimp gain protection and/or transportation from their host and often keep their hosts’ surfaces clean by eating parasites and dead cells.Some also eat small particles that get stirred up by their host, or eat tentacles or other portions of the host itself.Some species set up “cleaning stations” and leave their host to remove parasites from fish, advertising with stereotypic movements of their long antennae to signal when fish can use their services.These shrimp can be found in the mouths and gills of large fish such as moray eels and groupers.
Anemone shrimps are variously colored, some with bright coloration, some clear or with camouflage coloration that match the species they live with.Many of the hosts are noxious, poisonous, or have stinging tentacles, deterring predators for the shrimp as well as themselves. Some Periclimenes shrimp do well in the aquarium trade, especially those that live on hosts that are easily cultured in tanks.
(Bruce 2004; De Grave and Türkay 2011; Foord 2008; Wikipedia 2013)
Periclimenes, commonly known as glass shrimp or cleaner shrimp, is a commensal and often symbiotic genus of semi-transparent shrimp within the family Palaemonidae.[3][4] Species of this large genus feature a wide variety of coloration and patterns, widespread distribution throughout much of the world's tropical oceans, and are often sought out for aquarium trade.[5]
This genus has undergone several changes in classification based on recent molecular studies comparing species within the genus. However, most recent molecular studies have only involved approximately 20% of the known species likely to belong to the genus. Additionally, most of the molecular studies performed involved Indo-Pacific species of Periclimenes and did not include presumed Periclimenes found in the Atlantic Ocean. Periclimenes has previously been suggested as being a polyphyletic taxa, and has already undergone splits into several new genera. It is likely the genus will undergo changes in classification in coming years with further research.[6]
The genus contains the following species:[7]
Periclimenes is widely distributed throughout tropical and temperate reef ecosystems of the Atlantic, Caribbean, Mediterranean, as well as Indo-Pacific Oceans.[8][9]
Many species of Periclimenes are commensal and often symbiotic organisms within their reef ecosystems. The most common organisms forming symbiotic relationships with this genus are species of fish, cnidarians, echinoderms, and sponges. Some species such as Periclimenes caraibicus have been observed to interact parasitically with species of sponges, living within the sponge and directly eating the sponge tissue. Another species, Periclimenes soror, is commonly found on a species of sea star known as cushion stars with no effect on the star making it a commensalistic relationship. Anecdotal evidence suggests that P. soror may choose a host star that matches its own coloration for camouflage.[10] Other research demonstrated that the Periclimenes species, P. yucatanicus, has a symbiotic cleaning relationship with different species of reef fish studied in the pacific. P. yucatanicus performed a waving motion with its antennae to signal to reef fish that it is available to clean. The cleaner shrimps then ate parasitic organisms present on the reef fish species.[11]
Species present in this genus typically have a transparent to semi transparent body with antennae protruding from the head region. Additionally, large variation of color and patterns exist on the organisms throughout, making them highly sought out ornamental species in the marine aquarium industry.[12]
Periclimenes soror on a pillow starfish Culcita schmideliana.
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{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) {{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) {{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) {{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Periclimenes, commonly known as glass shrimp or cleaner shrimp, is a commensal and often symbiotic genus of semi-transparent shrimp within the family Palaemonidae. Species of this large genus feature a wide variety of coloration and patterns, widespread distribution throughout much of the world's tropical oceans, and are often sought out for aquarium trade.
Periclimenes es un género de crustáceos de la familia Palaemonidae, orden Decapoda.
Este género de camarones, que cuenta con numerosas especies, sufrió una merma importante en su cuantía con la descripción del nuevo género Ancylomenes Okuno y Bruce, 2010,[1] que incorporó muchas de sus especies.
Estas vistosas especies de camarones, quisquillas o gambitas, como se denominan comúnmente, son limpiadoras de diversas especies de peces y morenas, y realizan simbiosis, relaciones mutualistas, con anémonas de los géneros Stichodactyla, Heteractis, Condylactis o Macrodactyla, y también con corales, pepinos de mar o gusanos platelmintos como la bailarina española, o Hexabranchus sanguineus.
Son omnívoros, se alimentan de parásitos y tejidos muertos de los animales que desparasitan, así como de todo tipo de algas, larvas, o huevos.
Habitan zonas rocosas de aguas templadas y arrecifes tropicales. En un rango de profundidad de 0,5 a 1.206 m.[2]
Se distribuyen tanto en el Atlántico, incluido el Mediterráneo, como en el Indo-Pacífico, incluido el mar Rojo.
El Registro Mundial de Especies Marinas reconoce actualmente las siguientes especies en el género:[3]
Periclimenes es un género de crustáceos de la familia Palaemonidae, orden Decapoda.
Este género de camarones, que cuenta con numerosas especies, sufrió una merma importante en su cuantía con la descripción del nuevo género Ancylomenes Okuno y Bruce, 2010, que incorporó muchas de sus especies.
Periclimenes est un genre de crevettes qui vivent en symbiose avec des animaux plus grands, le plus souvent des anémones de mer, mais parfois des coraux, des étoiles de mer, des oursins, des holothuries. La crevette impériale, quant à elle, peut vivre sur des nudibranches et préfère particulièrement la danseuse espagnole Hexabranchus sanguineus[2]. Ces crevettes arborent une grande diversité de robes et de formes, dépendant le plus souvent de leur hôte.
Selon De Grave & Türkay pour WoRMS[3] :
Periclimenes brevicarpalis sur une anémone à La Réunion
Periclimenes crinoidalis sur un crinoïde.
Periclimenes colemani entre les piquants d'un oursin Asthenosoma varium en Indonésie.
Periclimenes holthuisi sur une anémone.
Periclimenes imperator sur une holothurie
Periclimenes sagittifer sur une anémone.
Periclimenes soror sur une étoile de mer Culcita schmideliana à La Réunion.
Periclimenes tenuipes sur une anémone en Mer Rouge.
Periclimenes est un genre de crevettes qui vivent en symbiose avec des animaux plus grands, le plus souvent des anémones de mer, mais parfois des coraux, des étoiles de mer, des oursins, des holothuries. La crevette impériale, quant à elle, peut vivre sur des nudibranches et préfère particulièrement la danseuse espagnole Hexabranchus sanguineus. Ces crevettes arborent une grande diversité de robes et de formes, dépendant le plus souvent de leur hôte.
Periclimenes Costa, 1844 è un genere di crostacei decapodi della famiglia Palaemonidae[1].
Sono gamberetti di piccole dimensioni dotati di un rostro allungato, che presenta diversi denti[2].
Vivono in simbiosi con celenterati, echinodermi e talvolta molluschi nudibranchi.
Sono diffusi nell'oceano Atlantico, nel mar Mediterraneo, nell'oceano Indiano e nel Pacifico[3].
Il genere Periclimenes comprende le seguenti 154 specie[1]:
Periclimenes is een garnalengeslacht uit de familie van de Palaemonidae.[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van het geslacht is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1844 door Costa. De typesoort van het geslacht is Periclimenes insignis O.G. Costa, 1844.
Periclimenes is een garnalengeslacht uit de familie van de Palaemonidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van het geslacht is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1844 door Costa. De typesoort van het geslacht is Periclimenes insignis O.G. Costa, 1844.
Chi Periclimenes là một chi động vật có các loài tôm sống cộng sinh với các loài động vật lớn hơn, phổ biến nhất là hải quỳ, một số cộng sinh với san hô, sao biển, hải sâm. Trong trường hợp tôm hoàng đế, P. imperator, sên vũ công Tây Ban Nha ốc biển, Hexabranchus sanguineus.[3]
Periclimenes imperator trên một con hải sâm
Chi Periclimenes là một chi động vật có các loài tôm sống cộng sinh với các loài động vật lớn hơn, phổ biến nhất là hải quỳ, một số cộng sinh với san hô, sao biển, hải sâm. Trong trường hợp tôm hoàng đế, P. imperator, sên vũ công Tây Ban Nha ốc biển, Hexabranchus sanguineus.
Латинское название Periclimenes Costa, 1844 ITIS 96414 NCBI 294135
Periclimenes (лат.) — род креветок из семейства Palaemonidae. Они живут в симбиозе с крупными животными, чаще всего морскими анемонами, хотя некоторые в симбиозе с кораллами, морскими звездами, морскими огурцами. Periclimenes imperator находится в комменсальных отношениях с морскими голожаберными моллюсками, включая род Hexabranchus[1].
Род включает следующие виды[2]:
Periclimenes imperator на морском огурце.
Periclimenes (лат.) — род креветок из семейства Palaemonidae. Они живут в симбиозе с крупными животными, чаще всего морскими анемонами, хотя некоторые в симбиозе с кораллами, морскими звездами, морскими огурцами. Periclimenes imperator находится в комменсальных отношениях с морскими голожаберными моллюсками, включая род Hexabranchus.
Род включает следующие виды:
Periclimenes acanthimerus Bruce, 2006 Periclimenes aegylios Grippa & d’Udekem d’Acoz, 1996 Periclimenes affinis (Zehntner, 1894) Periclimenes albatrossae Chace & Bruce, 1993 Periclimenes albolineatus Bruce & Coombes, 1997 Periclimenes alcocki Kemp, 1922 Periclimenes aleator Bruce, 1991 Periclimenes alexanderi X. Li, 2008 Periclimenes amethysteus (Risso, 1826) Periclimenes andresi Macpherson, 1988 Periclimenes antipathophilus Spotte, Heard & Bubucis, 1994 Periclimenes batei (Borradaile, 1917) Periclimenes boucheti X. Li, Mitsuhashi & Chan, 2008 Periclimenes bowmani Chace, 1972 Periclimenes brevicarpalis (Schenkel, 1902) Periclimenes brevinaris Nobili, 1906 Periclimenes brevirostris Bruce, 1991 Periclimenes brucei Duriš, 1990 Periclimenes burrup Bruce, 2007 Periclimenes calcaratus Chace & Bruce, 1993 Periclimenes calmani Tattersal, 1921 Periclimenes canalinsulae Bruce & Coombes, 1997 Periclimenes cannaphilus Komai, Nemoto & Tsuchida, 2010 Periclimenes carinidactylus Bruce, 1969 Periclimenes chacei X. Li, Bruce & Manning, 2004 Periclimenes colemani Bruce, 1975 Periclimenes colesi De Grave & Anker, 2009 Periclimenes commensalis Borradaile, 1915 Periclimenes compressus Borradaile, 1915 Periclimenes consobrinus (De Man, 1902) Periclimenes coriolis Bruce, 1985 Periclimenes crinoidalis Chace, 1969 Periclimenes cristimanus Bruce, 1965 Periclimenes crosnieri X. Li & Bruce, 2006 Periclimenes curvirostris Kubo, 1940 Periclimenes dardanicola Bruce & Okuno, 2006 Periclimenes delagoae Barnard, 1958 Periclimenes dentidactylus Bruce, 1984 Periclimenes difficilis Bruce, 1976 Periclimenes digitalis Kemp, 1922 Periclimenes diversipes Kemp, 1922 Periclimenes eleftherioui Koukouras & Türkay, 1996 Periclimenes exederens Bruce, 1969 Periclimenes fenneri Bruce, 2005 Periclimenes fimbriatus (Borradaile, 1915) Periclimenes finlayi Chace, 1972 Periclimenes forcipulatus Bruce, 1991 Periclimenes foresti Bruce, 1981 Periclimenes forgesi X. Li & Bruce, 2006 Periclimenes foveolatus Bruce, 1981 Periclimenes fujinoi Bruce, 1990 Periclimenes gonioporae Bruce, 1989 Periclimenes granulatus Holthuis, 1950 Periclimenes granulimanus Bruce, 1978 Periclimenes granuloides Hayashi in Baba, Hayashi & Toriyama, 1986 Periclimenes guarapari De Grave, 2008 Periclimenes harringtoni Lebour, 1949 Periclimenes hertwigi Balss, 1913 Periclimenes hongkongensis Bruce, 1969 Periclimenes hydrothermophilus Hayashi & Ohtomi, 2001 Periclimenes imperator Bruce, 1967 Periclimenes incertus Borradaile, 1915 Periclimenes infraspinis (Rathbun, 1902) Periclimenes ingressicolumbi Berggren & Svane, 1989 Periclimenes inornatus Kemp, 1922 Periclimenes investigatoris Kemp, 1922 Periclimenes involens Bruce, 1996 Periclimenes iridescens Lebour, 1949 Periclimenes ischiospinosus Bruce, 1991 Periclimenes josephi X. Li, 2008 Periclimenes jugalis Holthuis, 1952 Periclimenes kallisto Bruce, 2008 Periclimenes kempi Bruce, 1969 Periclimenes kornii (Lo Bianco, 1903) Periclimenes laccadivensis (Alcock & Anderson, 1894) Periclimenes laevimanus Duriš, 2010 Periclimenes lanipes Kemp, 1922 Periclimenes latipollex Kemp, 1922 Periclimenes lepidus Bruce, 1978 Periclimenes leptodactylus Bruce, 1991 Periclimenes leptopus Kemp, 1922 Periclimenes leptunguis X. Li, Mitsuhashi & Chan, 2008 Periclimenes longimanus (Dana, 1852) Periclimenes longipes (Stimpson, 1860) Periclimenes loyautensis X. Li & Bruce, 2006 Periclimenes macrophthalmus Fujino & Miyake, 1970 Periclimenes madreporae Bruce, 1969 Periclimenes magnus Holthuis, 1951 Periclimenes mahei Bruce, 1969 Periclimenes maldivensis Bruce, 1969 Periclimenes manihine Bruce, 2006 Periclimenes mclaughlinae Fransen, 2006 Periclimenes mclellandi Heard & Spotte, 1997 Periclimenes meyeri Chace, 1969 Periclimenes milleri Bruce, 1986 Periclimenes murcielagensis Vargas, 2000 Periclimenes nevillei Bruce, 2010 Periclimenes ngi X. Li, Mitsuhashi & Chan, 2008 Periclimenes nomadophila Berggren, 1994 Periclimenes novaffinis Bruce & Coombes, 1997 Periclimenes obscurus Kemp, 1922 Periclimenes ordinarius Bruce, 1991 Periclimenes ornatellus Bruce, 1979 Periclimenes ornatus Bruce, 1969 Periclimenes paivai Chace, 1969 Periclimenes pandionis Holthuis, 1951 Periclimenes panglaonis X. Li, Mitsuhashi & Chan, 2008 Periclimenes paralcocki X. Li & Bruce, 2006 Periclimenes paraleator X. Li & Bruce, 2006 Periclimenes paraparvus Bruce, 1969 Periclimenes parvispinatus Bruce, 1990 Periclimenes parvus Borradaile, 1898 Periclimenes patae Heard & Spotte, 1991 Periclimenes pauper Holthuis, 1951 Periclimenes pectiniferus Holthuis, 1952 Periclimenes pectinipes Bruce, 1991 Periclimenes perlucidus Bruce, 1969 Periclimenes perryae Chace, 1942 Periclimenes perturbans Bruce, 1978 Periclimenes pholeter Holthuis, 1973 Periclimenes platalea Holthuis, 1951 Periclimenes platydactylus X. Li, 2008 Periclimenes platyrhynchus Bruce, 1991 Periclimenes polynesiensis X. Li, 2008 Periclimenes poriphilus Bruce, 2010 Periclimenes poupini Bruce, 1989 Periclimenes pseudalcocki X. Li & Bruce, 2006 Periclimenes rathbunae Schmitt, 1924 Periclimenes rectirostris Bruce, 1981 Periclimenes rex Kemp, 1922 Periclimenes richeri Bruce, 1990 Periclimenes robustus (Borradaile, 1915) Periclimenes ruber Bruce, 1982 Periclimenes sagittifer (Norman, 1861) Periclimenes sandybrucei Mitsuhashi & Chan, 2009 Periclimenes sandyi De Grave, 2009 Periclimenes sarkanae Bruce, 2007 Periclimenes scriptus (Risso, 1822) Periclimenes sibogae Holthuis, 1952 Periclimenes sinensis Bruce, 1969 Periclimenes soror Nobili, 1904 Periclimenes tangeroa Bruce, 2005 Periclimenes tenellus (Smith, 1882) Periclimenes terangeri Bruce, 1998 Periclimenes thermohydrophilus Hayashi & Ohtomi, 2001 Periclimenes toloensis Bruce, 1969 Periclimenes tonga Bruce, 1988 Periclimenes uniunguiculatus Bruce, 1990 Periclimenes vaubani Bruce, 1990 Periclimenes veleronis Holthuis, 1951 Periclimenes vicinus X. Li, 2008 Periclimenes watamuae Bruce, 1976 Periclimenes wirtzi d’Udekem d’Acoz, 1996 Periclimenes yaldwyni Holthuis, 1959 Periclimenes yucatanicus (Ives, 1891) Periclimenes zanzibaricus Bruce, 1967 Periclimenes zevinae Duriš, 1990Periclimenes imperator на морском огурце.
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