Alpheus clamator Lockington 1877

Alpheus clamator Lockington, 1877

Alpheus clamator Lockington, 1877a:43; 1878:469.—Bate, 1888:540.—Nobili, 1897:5.—Kingsley, 1899:716.—Coutière, 1899:28.—Holmes, 1900:182, pl. 2: figs. 39, 40.—Baker, 1912:106.—Holthuis, 1952:49.—Word and Charwat, 1976:45.—Wicksten, 1984:189.—A. Banner and D. Banner, 1984:37.

Alpheus transverso-dactylus Kingsley, 1878a:196; 1878c:58.

Alpheus candei.—Kingsley, 1883:124 [not Alpheus candei Guérin-Méneville].

Alpheus dentipes.—Rathbun, 1904:108 [not Alpheus dentipes Guérin-Méneville].—Luke, 1977:4.

Crangon clamator.—Rathbun, 1910:606.—Schmitt, 1946:209.

Crangon dentipes.—Schmitt, 1921:74, fig. 50 [not Alpheus dentipes Guérin-Méneville].—Ricketts and Calvin, 1962:148.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Corona Del Mar, California: 1 , 2 , ovig; 31 Oct 1932, coll. by G.E. and N. MacGinitie.

MEASUREMENTS.—Male, cl 11.4 mm; females, cl 13.4–13.6 mm; ovigerous females, cl 10.2–13.0 mm.

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figure 8a,b) broadly triangular, reaching to middle of visible part of first antennular segment and extending posteriorly to end of eye as broadly rounded carina; lateral margin of rostral carina slightly convex at middle and overhanging orbitorostral groove.

Ocular hood armed with sharp tooth, separated from rostral carina by orbitorostral groove; groove deep and broad anteriorly. Ocular tooth slightly directing inward, reaching to almost half of rostrum. Anterior margin between base of ocular tooth and rostrum bearing blunt process at middle.

Carapace with pterygostomian margin slightly produced anteriorly below base of basicerite.

First antennular segment bearing triangular carina extending from ventral inner margin; ventral part blunt (Figure 8c). Second segment about 2.3 times as long as broad, 1.6 times as long as visible part of first segment and 1.6 times as long as third segment. Stylocerite narrowing to sharp point, not reaching to distal margin of first segment.

Scaphocerite with lateral margin concave near middle. Distal spine reaching to distal end of antennular peduncle. Inner blade narrow distally, falling far short of tip of distal spine. Cleft between inner blade and distal spine fairly deep, arising from about distal 0.4 of scaphocerite.

Carpocerite overreaching distal end of antennular peduncle by length of third antennular segment. Basicerite with sharp, long triangular lateral spine; spine very broad at base, reaching to tip of stylocerite.

Third maxilliped (Figure 8d) slightly overreaching distal end of carpocerite. Ultimate segment about 1.7 times as long as penultimate and 3.8 times as long as broad near proximal end, tapering distally, bearing fairly dense tufts of setae on inner face. Penultimate segment about 2.2 times as long as broad near distal end, bearing scattered long setae on superior and inferior margins. Exopod reaching to almost middle of penultimate segment. Precoxa with one arthrobranch near distal end but with no supplementary arthrobranch.

Major chela of first pereopods (Figure 8e-g) about 2.6 times as long as broad, bearing scattered short setae on anterior half of inner face. Fingers occupying slightly more than distal 0.3 of chela. Movable finger opening and closing in almost horizontal plane, laterally compressed proximally and bluntly bulbous at tip; tip far overreaching tip of short blunt immovable finger. Palm with superior and inferior transverse grooves. Superior transverse groove broad and deep, connecting to distinct transverse depression on inner palmar face and connecting to long longitudinal groove (superior groove), groove spreading from proximal part of superior margin of palm and leading to dactylar articulation on outer face. Superior crest distal to transverse groove terminating distally in strong tooth at dactylar articulation, tip directing downward. Ridge to palmar plaque on outer palmar face demarked on inferior side by fairly deep and broad longitudinal groove (palmar groove), groove extending proximally to about half length of palm. Inferior crest rounded on surface and terminating in acute tooth flanking dactylar articulation and demarked on inferior side by deep, broad longitudinal depression (inferior groove). Inferior transverse groove broad and shallow, connecting to inferior groove on outer palmar face; inferior margin distal to transverse groove slightly tuberculate, bearing short setae along margin. Inner palmar face with superior transverse depression extending to midwidth of palm and with slight inferior depression and round longitudinal depression below superior transverse depression. Merus with inferior inner margin almost smooth and no spine at distal end.

Minor chela of first pereopods (Figure 8h,i) compressed, about 2.6 times as long as broad, with fingers occupying distal 0.4 and bearing dense short setae on inner face. Palm with superior and inferior transverse grooves and superior crest terminating in sharp tooth distally. Outer palmar face with longitudinal superior groove and with short inferior depression. Inner palmar face with narrow superior transverse depression, tuberculate posterior to superior transverse groove. Merus with inferior inner margin almost smooth and no spine at distal end.

Second pereopod (Figure 8j) reaching distal end of carpocerite beyond proximal end of carpus. Fingers of chela subequal to palm. First segment of carpus about 1.3 times as long as second; second segment 1.9 times as long as third; fifth segment about 1.5 times as long as fourth; fourth segment subequal to third.

Third pereopod (Figure 8k) fairly broad. Dactylus about times as long as propodus, biunguiculate and its superior margin semicircular. Propodus about 1.2 times as long as carpus, bearing 5 pairs of movable spines on inferior margin and pair at distal end. Carpus with inferior margin bearing one movable spine at middle and terminating distally in sharp strong tooth. Merus about 1.7 times as long as carpus, 3.3 times as long as broad and armed with one fairly strong immovable tooth a short distance behind distal end of inferior margin. Ischium with one rather strong movable spine.

Fourth pereopod almost same as third pereopod. Merus with immovable tooth on inferior margin. Ischium with movable spine.

Fifth pereopod much smaller than third pereopod. Merus with no tooth and ischium with no movable spine.

Pleura (Figure 8l) of first four abdominal somites broadly rounded; pleuron of fifth somite slightly elongate on posterior ventral margin. Abdominal sternite with no spine at midline. Appendix masculina clearly overreaching distal end of appendix interna.

Telson (Figure 8m) about 1.5 times as long as broad at anterior end and armed with two pairs of rather stout dorsal spines and with broad longitudinal median depression on dorsal surface. Posterior margin slightly convex, armed with pair of spines at each lateral end; inner spine very strong, more than two times as long as outer one.

Uropodal endopod bearing conspicuous small spines on distal margin and with no distinct inner depression at anterior half. Uropodal exopod bearing rather long movable spine flanked by acute immovable tooth both laterally and internally; movable spine clearly overreaching distal margin of uropodal exopod; outer lobe of transverse suture very convex and inner lobe flat.

VARIATIONS.—Each carpus of the fourth and fifth pereopods bears a small movable spine about at middle of inferior margin and seta at distal . But some specimens show a very small spine instead of seta in the same region. The inferior inner margin of merus of the major first pereopod is almost smooth but also bears very tiny spinules along margin in some specimens. Female pleopods are provided with dense, long hairs along inner and outer margins of the protopodites.

HABITAT.—Lives in pools on rocky reefs at low tide level (Lockington, 1878:470); found in common sponge masses and kelp holdfast (Baker, 1912:106); tides of –0.31 to 0.49 m (Word and Charwat, 1976:46).

COLOR.—In alcohol, a light flesh tint, much deeper on the major chela. A darker spot on the upper surface of the carapace, also on the anterior edge of the first two abdominal somites (Lockington, 1878:470).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Santa Barbara Island.

DISTRIBUTION.—Horseshoe Cave, Sonora County, California; Santa Barbara Island, Santa Cruz Island, San Bartolome Bay, west coast of Baja California.

6. Alpheus inca Wicksten and Méndez, 1981

Alpheus inca Wicksten and Méndez, 1981:137, figs. 1–16.—Méndez, 1981:97, pl. 39: figs. 291,292, 292a, 293, 293a,b.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Peru: Lobos de Afeura (sta 391-35: 4 , 2 ); San Juan Bay (sta 825-38: 1 ).

Chile: Valparaiso Prov., Algarrobo, ca. 7 km S. of Valparaiso: 1 , 1 ovig; 19 Mar 1974, coll. by C.E. Dawson.

MEASUREMENTS.—Males, cl 5.2–16.9 mm; females, cl 5.2–5.3 mm; ovigerous female, cl 10.1 mm.

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figure 9a,b) short, regularly triangular, about 0.7 times as long as broad at base and reaching to proximal of visible part of first antennular segment. Rostrum not carinate posteriorly.

Ocular hood not clearly inflated dorsally, armed with small median tooth reaching to distal of rostrum. Anterior margin between ocular tooth and base of rostrum sinuous, slightly convex to concave. Orbitorostral groove invisible.

First antennular segment bearing very deep carina extending from ventral inner margin; ventral part rounded distally (Figure 9c). Second segment more than 2 times as long as broad, about 1.5 times as long as visible part of first segment and 2.0 times as long as third segment. Stylocerite narrowing to sharp point, falling far short of distal margin of first segment.

Scaphocerite about 2.5 times as long as broad. Lateral margin slightly concave at middle. Distal spine reaching to distal end of antennular peduncle and falling far short of distal end of carpocerite. Inner blade narrower than adjacent distal spine, falling far short of tip of distal spine. Cleft between inner blade and distal spine shallow, arising from less than distal of scaphocerite.

Carpocerite overreaching distal end of antennular peduncle by almost length of third antennular segment. Basicerite with sharp, triangular lateral spine; spine very broad at base and rather long, slightly overreaching tip of stylocerite.

Third maxilliped (Figure 9d) overreaching distal end of carpocerite by half length of ultimate segment. Ultimate segment tapering distally, about 1.8 times as long as penultimate. Penultimate segment about 1.5 times as long as broad at distal end, bearing scattered stiff long setae on inferior margin. Exopod reaching to proximal of penultimate segment. Precoxa with one arthrobranch near distal end but with no supplementary arthrobranch.

Major first pereopod (Figure 9e,f) overreaching distal end of carpocerite by almost length of chela. Major chela slightly compressed, about 2.6 times as long as broad with fingers occupying distal . Movable finger moving in almost horizontal plane, constricted laterally on proximal region; superior distal margin regularly arched and tip inflated and bluntly bulbous. Immovable finger with inferior margin slightly concave at distal and with tip short, strongly directed downward and outward; anterior margin above tip dentate on inner face. Superior crest of palm rounded dorsally, terminating in strong acute tooth flanking dactylar articulation and merging proximally with superior edge of palm. Superior transverse groove very broad, spreading down to width of palm on inner face and connecting to rather short superior groove on outer face; proximal shoulder slightly overhanging transverse groove. Palmar plaque rather broad, separated from wide longitudinal grooves superiorly (superior groove) and inferiorly (palmar groove). Superior groove on outer palmar face not extending posterior to proximal shoulder of superior margin; palmar groove arising from distal of palm. Inferior crest narrowly rounded on surface and terminating in acute tooth flanking dactylar articulation. Inferior transverse groove narrow, but deep, connecting to narrow, longitudinal depression below inferior crest on outer palmar face and extending to short depression on inner palmar face. Chela moderately setose, with numerous groups of setae on anterior of inner face and on superior and inferior margins. Merus about 1.8 times as long as broad; inferior inner margin smooth and armed with very small spine at distal end.

Minor chela of first pereopods (Figure 9i,j) strongly compressed laterally, about 2.6 times as long as broad with fingers occupying distal . Palm with superior crest well developed, ending in acute tooth flanking dactylar articulation. Inferior crest indistinct but ending in very small acute tooth flanking dactylar articulation on outer palmar face. Superior transverse groove narrow and leading to distinct longitudinal superior groove on outer palmar face but palmar groove less distinct. Inferior transverse groove distinct and leading to longitudinal inferior groove on outer palmar face. Movable finger working at horizontal direction, flattened, and about 2.6 times as long as broad; inferior margin slightly concave at proximal half. Immovable finger with superior margin flattened proximally; inferior margin almost straight. Chela densely setose, bearing dense setae on superior margin of immovable finger and on inner surface of movable finger and bearing scattered long setae on inner palmar face. Merus about 2.2 times as long as broad, bearing several setae on distal of inferior inner margin and very small acute spine at distal end (not seen in largest specimen).

Second pereopod (Figure 9k) reaching distal end of carpocerite beyond proximal of first carpal segment. Fingers of chela subequal to or slightly longer than palm. First segment of carpus about 2.1 times as long as second; second segment about 1.7 times as long as third; third segment subequal to fourth; fifth segment slightly longer than second and 1.9 times as long as fourth.

Dactylus of third pereopod (Figure 9l,m) about 0.3 times as long as propodus, bearing very small tooth on distal 0.3 of superior margin and minute tooth on distal of inferior margin; distal much narrower than rest of dactylus. Propodus about 1.2 times as long as carpus, bearing 9 movable spines and 2 irregular adjacent spines on inferior margin and pair at distal end; superior distal margin bearing two movable spines. Merus about 3.3 times as long as broad and 1.8 times as long as carpus. Ischium bearing one rather small movable spine.

Fourth pereopod almost same as third pereopod. Ischium bearing one movable spine.

Ischium of fifth pereopod bearing movable spine.

Pleura (Figure 9n) of abdominal somites broadly rounded in both sexes. Abdominal sternite with no spine at midline. Appendix masculina more than 1.5 times as long as appendix interna.

Telson (Figure 9o) rather wide, about 1.3 times as long as broad at anterior end, armed with two pairs of rather stout dorsal spines and with no longitudinal median depression on dorsal surface. Lateral margin almost straight. Posterior margin straight to produced at middle, armed with pair of spines at each lateral end; inner spine very strong, more than two times as wide as and three times as long as outer one.

Uropodal endopod bearing small seta-like spines on distal margin, laterally more strong and with inner depression at anterior half very distinct. Uropodal exopod bearing movable spine flanked laterally by acute immovable tooth and internally by broadly acute tooth; movable spine slightly overreaching distal margin of uropodal exopod; transverse suture forming two convex lobes, outer one more convex.

VARIATIONS.—The meri of the first pereopods of this species have a very small spine on distal end of each inferior inner margin. The presence of this spine on the merus of major first pereopod is consistent, but the size varies (Figure 9g,h). The largest male (cl 16.9 mm) has no spine on distal end of the inferior inner margin of merus of the minor first pereopod.

HABITAT.—On a bottom of large rocks surrounded by muddy sand (Wicksten and Méndez, 1981:141); shore.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Bahia de los Mejillones, Chile (22.8°S, 70.5°W).

DISTRIBUTION.—Peru: Punta Brava, Islas San Gallen; Lobos de Afuera; Punta Ripie, Pisco; San Jusan Bay. Chile: Bahia de los Mejillones; Valparaiso.