Pilumnus hirtellus

Pilumnus hirtellus (Linnaeus, 1761)

Cancer hirtellus Linnaeus, 1761:493.

Pilumnus hirtellus.—Forest and Gantés, 1960:352 [Morocco].—Maurin, 1968a:107 [Mediterranean].—Zariquiey Alvarez, 1968:392, figs. 2g, 128c,d, 129f [Spain; references].—Christiansen, 1969:75, fig. 30, map 24 [Scandinavia].—Türkay, 1976b:61 [listed], 69 [Madeira].

SYNONYM.—Pilumnus hirtellus ponticus Czerniavsky, 1868.

DISTRIBUTION.—Eastern Atlantic, from Norway and British Isles southward to NW Morocco, Madeira, the Cape Verde Islands, Mediterranean; sublittoral, to a depth of 15–20 m.

Pilumnus inermis A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1894

Pilumnus inermis.—Monod, 1956:247, figs. 291–295.—Longhurst, 1958:88.—Gauld, 1960:70.—Rossignol, 1962:117.—Crosnier, 1964:31.—Forest and Guinot, 1966:70.—Zariquiey Alvarez, 1968:391 [Portugal; references].—Uschakov, 1970:455 [listed].—Türkay, 1976a:25 [listed], 38, fig. 26 [Portugal in part]; 1976b:61 [listed], 69.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Pillsbury Material: None.

Other Material: Azores: Ilha do Faial, Talisman, syntype of Pilumnus hirtellus var. inermis, 1 damaged (W, USNM 22951).

Madeira: S of Madeira, 32°39′N, 16°49′W, 125–150 m, shells and shell agglomerates, triangular dredge, 16 Mar 1976, Onversaagd Sta 94, 1, 2, 1 juv (L).

Senegal: Around Dakar, 28 Jan 1941, Th. Monod, 1 (W).

DESCRIPTION.—A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1894:40.

Figures: Monod, 1956, figs. 291–295.

Male Pleopod: Monod, 1956, figs. 293–295 (Senegal); Türkay, 1976a, fig. 26 (Morocco).

MEASUREMENTS.—Our specimens have carapace widths of 4.5 to 13 mm. The damaged female syntype has a carapace width of 11.6 mm.

BIOLOGY.—Pilumnus inermis is generally a sublittoral species; Monod (1956:249) recorded one specimen taken at a beach, but the majority of the records in the literature are from depths below 4–5 m. Of the eight West African records in Monod (1956) for which depth is given, seven are from depths between 15 and 30 m. Indeed, literature records for this species suggest that it lives in shallower water in the Gulf of Guinea than it does in the northern part of its range. Nunes-Ruivo (1961) found the species in 350 m off Portugal, and Türkay (1976a) reported it in depths between 120 and 375 m off Morocco and (1976b) recorded it from ca 150 m, 220 m, and 110–440 m off Madeira. Forest and Guinot (1966:71) pointed out that of 14 stations at which this species was taken by the Calypso in the Gulf of Guinea, 13 were in depths between 4–5 and 21 m.

This species, like most Pilumnus, prefers a rough bottom. Longhurst (1958) reported it from shelly sand off Sierra Leone, and Crosnier (1964) took it in sponges, coral and marl on rocky bottom with gorgonians off Cameroon. Rossignol (1962) reported it from muddy sand with Antedon off Pointe-Noire. The Calypso collected it from a variety of bottoms off São Tomé and Principe islands in the Gulf of Guinea, usually on coralline algae or a mixture of coralline algae and other substrates (Forest and Guinot, 1966).

Off West Africa, ovigerous females have been collected in February, March, April, June, and July (Monod, 1956; Forest and Guinot, 1966). Nunes-Ruivo (1961) reported ovigerous females taken off Portugal in August.

DISTRIBUTION.—Eastern Atlantic, from Portugal, the Azores, Madeira, the Cape Verde Islands, and the African coast from Morocco and Cabo Bojador, Spanish Sahara, southward to the Congo and possibly Gabon (that record based on material collected by Heurtel, whose localities are unreliable, as pointed out by Monod, 1956), including the offshore islands of the Gulf of Guinea, Principe and São Tomé; sublittoral, in 4–5 m to 400 m. Monod (1956) reported material from the Azores, Madeira, Spanish Sahara, Senegal, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Principe, São Tomé, and Gabon; since then the species has been recorded from the following:

Madeira: No specific locality; Funchal harbor, ca. 150 m, 220 m, and 110–440 m (Türkay, 1976b).

Morocco: 33°19′N, 09°00′W, 120–180 m; 33°05.5′N, 09°18′W, 160–250 m; 31°35′N, 10°05′W, 150–160 m; 31°–01′N, 10°16′W, 360–375 m (all Türkay, 1976a).

Guinea: No specific locality (Uschakov, 1970).

Sierra Leone: No specific locality, in 44–76 m (Longhurst, 1958).

Ghana: Off Accra, 15 m; Prampram; Dixcove (all Gauld, 1960).

Cameroon: No specific locality (Crosnier, 1964).

Principe: 01°42′30″N, 07°28′E, 21 m; 01°36′50″N, 07°–22′10″E, 19 m; 01°43′10″N, 07°28′20″E, 73 m; between Ponta da Mina and Ilhéu Santana, 8–10 m and 10–12 m; in front of [Cais de] Santana, 11 m; in front of Praia Pequena, 5–6 m (all Forest and Guinot, 1966).

São Tomé: Off São Tomé, 5 m; 00°20′N, 06°46′E, 10 m; 00°25′15″N, 06°43′05″E, 8–30 m; Baía de Ana de Chaves, 5 m; in front of Ponta Oquedelrei, 6 m; in front of Praia Lagarto, 5–6 m; off Ponta Diogo Nunes, 4–5 m (all Forest and Guinot, 1966).

Congo: Pointe-Noire, 8–9 m (Rossignol, 1962).

* Pilumnus perrieri A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1898

Pilumnus perrieri.—Capart, 1951:143 [discussion].—Monod, 1956:244, figs. 288–290.—Rossignol, 1962:117.—Forest and Guinot, 1966:70.—Uschakov, 1970:455 [listed].

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Pillsbury Material: Ghana: Sta 23, 42 m, foliate brown to orange bryozoans, 1 (L). Sta 27, 33 m, 1, 1 ov (W).

Nigeria: Sta 248, 33 m, 1 (L).

Other Material: Guinea: Off Guinea, 30 m, 9 Mar 1953, J. Forest, 1 (W).

DESCRIPTION.—A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1900:73.

Figures: Monod, 1956, figs. 288–290.

MEASUREMENTS.—Our specimens have carapace widths of 7 to 17 mm; the carapace width of the ovigerous female is 9 mm.

BIOLOGY.—Pilumnus perrieri, like P. stebbingi, is a sublittoral shelf species, apparently preferring rough bottom in water of moderate depth; Forest and Guinot (1966) reported that these species were taken together at five stations off Principe and Annobon by the Calypso. The Pillsbury specimens were collected on bottom with foliate brown to orange bryozoans. The Calypso specimens were taken on mud; mud with Arca; mud, calcareous algae, and shell; rocks; and on calcareous algae (five stations). Rossignol (1962:117) noted that the species is “assez commun dans le coralligène et les fonds rocheux”

Ovigerous females have been collected in March and May (Monod, 1956; Pillsbury).

DISTRIBUTION.—West Africa, from scattered localities between the Cape Verde Islands and Senegal to Gabon; sublittoral, in depths between 20 and 91 m. Monod (1956) summarized the earlier literature and reported material from Senegal and Guinea; since 1956 the species has been reported from the following:

Guinea: No specific locality (Uschakov, 1970).

Nigeria: Off the mouths of the Niger River, 04°03′N, 06°12′E, 32 m (Forest and Guinot, 1966).

Principe: Between Ilhéu Caroço and Ponta do Pico Negro, 40 m (Rossignol, 1962). 01°38′25″N, 07°22′05″E, 31 m; 01°43′10″N, 07°28′20″E, 73 m; 01°43′N, 07°28′55″E, 37 m; in front of Baía de Santo Antonio, 50 m (Forest and Guinot, 1966).

Annobon: 01°27.5′S, 05°36.5′E, 35 m; N of San Antonio, 23 m (Forest and Guinot, 1966).

Rio Muni: W Corisco Bay, 40 m (Rossignol, 1962).

Gabon: W of Libreville, 45–57 m; W of Nyanga, 03°S, 65–70 m (Rossignol, 1962).

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Pilumnus hirtellus Brachyura azpiordenako krustazeo dekapodoa da, Pilumnidae familiakoa. Ipar-ekialdeko Ozeano Atlantikoko kostaldeetan, Itsaso Beltzakoetan eta Mediterraneokoetan bizi da.

Het ruig krabbetje (Pilumnus hirtellus) is een kleine krab uit de familie Pilumnidae, dat niet algemeen is voor de Belgische en de Nederlandse kust.

Розповсюдження

Розповсюджений у східній частині Атлантичного океану від Північного до Середземного моря. В Україні зустрічається у Чорному морі від дельти Дунаю до Керченського півострову.

Будова та спосіб життя

Невеликий краб, довжина до 20 мм, ширина до 28 мм. Тіло вкрите волосками. Клешні різних розмірів, права більша за ліву. Забарвлення карапаксу та верхньої частини кінцівок червонувато-фіолетове. Нижня частина кінцівок коричнева. Молоді особини розмірами до 5 мм повністю білі. Стійкий до штормів та низької температури. Зустрічається на глибинах від 0,2 до 10 м. Зустрічається в різних біотопах, але надає перевагу кам'янистому ґрунту з заростями підводних рослин. Живиться падлом. Розвиток з перетворенням, планктонна личинка проходить 4 стадії зоеа та стадію мегалопу. Плодючість самиці до 4 тисяч ікринок^[1].

Значення

Вид занесений до Червоної книги України, чисельність скорочується внаслідок забруднення прибережних вод. Охороняється в природних заповідниках Мис Мартьян та Карадазькому^[2].

Посилання

• Краб волохатий у Червоній книзі України

Примітки

Волоса́тый краб, или кра́сный краб, или мохноно́гий краб (лат. Pilumnus hirtellus) — вид крабов из семейства Pilumnidae.

細毛毛刺蟹（学名：Pilumnus hirtellus）为毛刺蟹科毛刺蟹属的动物。生活於歐洲的海岸，特別是英倫三島及大西洋的海岸。牠的體長不足1英寸（25毫米），而且長滿毛髮。在淺海生活，以腐肉為食。