Eusarsiella neapolis (Kornicker 1974)

Sarsiella neapolis

Sarsiella capsula.—Sars, 1888:229, pl. 3: figs. 5–7, pl. 10.—Müller, 1894:214, pl. 4: figs. 4–6, 8–10, 22, 25, 27–29, 31, 33–35, 37, 48, pl. 8: figs. 6–7.—Rome, 1942:8.—Poulsen, 1965:44 [discussion].—Kornicker, 1967b:33 [discussion]. [Not Sarsiella capsula Norman, 1869.]

HOLOTYPE.—A female in the collection of the Zoological Museum of Berlin (ZMB 9155). Appendages and valves are preserved separately in alcohol. I have labeled the vial as follows: “9155, sp. No. 1, Holotype, Sarsiella neapolis L. S. Kornicker, 1967 (ident. as S. capsula by Müller in 1894).” The size of the carapace suggests that the holotype is an N-1 instar; however, the appendages and genital organs seem fully developed.

PARATYPES.—I have selected 3 specimens as paratypes: (1) A left valve preserved in alcohol in the collection of the Zoological Museum of Berlin (ZMB 9155). I have labeled this specimen, “9155, Sp. No. 2.” (2) A (appendages only) in the collection of the Zoological Institute of Greifswald (GMZ 25019). I dissected this specimen and have mounted the appendages on a single slide; in addition to the museum number I have put on the label, “Sp. No. 1.” (3) An immature from station B17, Gulf of Naples, collected by H. S. Puri and G. Bonaduce; the shell is preserved in alcohol, the appendages are mounted on 3 slides. This specimen is in the collections of the Zoological Station of Naples. The first two specimens may be N-1 instars, the third an N-2 instar.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gulf of Naples.

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL.—1 adult and about 14 and juveniles collected by G. W. Müller (in the collection of the Zoological Institute of Greifswald, GMZ 25019). One of the paratypes listed above was selected from this sample.

DISTRIBUTION.—Mediterranean: Gulf of Naples; off Monaco (Rome, 1942); Messina?, Syracuse? (Sars, 1888).

Sarsiella neapolis Kornicker, 1974

Sarsiella capsula.—Sars, 1888:229, pl. 3: figs. 5–7, pl. 10.—Müller, 1894:214, fig. 3, pl. 1: fig. 8, pl. 4: figs. 4–6, 8–10, 21, 22, 25, 27–29, 31, 33–35, 37, 48, pl. 8: figs. 6, 7, pl. 34: figs. 47, 52, 55.—Rome. 1942:8.—Poulsen, 1965:44 [discussion].—Kornicker, 1967:33 [discussion].

Sarsiella neapolis Kornicker, 1974:33, figs. 13c,d, 14, 15.

HOLOTYPE.—Juvenile female in collection of Zoological Museum of Berlin (ZMB) 9155, sp. No. 1, in alcohol, length including caudal process 1.37 mm.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gulf of Naples.

MATERIAL.—USNM 153928, 1 A–1 male from station X054; USNM 156650, 1 ovigerous female from station X053; USNM 156643, 1 adult male from station X057; USNM 156634, 1 ovigerous female from station X057; USNM 156986, 1 specimen from station X070; USNM 156987, 1 ovigerous female and 7 juveniles from station X053; USNM 156648, 1 juvenile male from station X057; 2 juveniles from station X057 in the Museum of Natural History “Grigore Antipa,” Bucharest, Romania.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 9–11).—Carapace oval in lateral view with prominent posteroventral caudal process; anterior margin rounded without rostrum or incisur.

Ornamentation (Figure 9): Central flat area with peripheral ridge bearing small projecting processes; the processes along posterior and ventral parts of ridge more prominent than those along anterior and dorsal parts of ridge; the 2 posterodorsal and posterior processes more prominent than others, but posteroventral process only slightly smaller than posterior process on some specimens; most of the processes continue as low radial ribs extending toward edges of valve; one of these ribs bisects caudal process; surface of valve with abundant shallow fossae; surface between fossae with densely distributed short spines covered by gelatinous substance; long bristles present along anterior and ventral margin.

Infold: Anterior infold with minute bristle ventral to midpoint of anterior margin; infold of caudal process with 5 or 6 bristles near middle and 1 close to inner margin of infold (arranged similarly to those illustrated by Kornicker, 1974: fig. 14f); posterior infold with 2 setose bristles near middle.

Selvage: Lamellar prolongation with smooth edge present along anterior, ventral, and posterior margins.

Size (measurements include caudal process) (Figure 10): USNM 156650, length 1.26 mm, height 1.03 mm; USNM 156634, length 1.19 mm, height 1.11 mm; USNM 156987, length 1.30 mm, height 1.10 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 11a): 1st joint: bare. 2nd joint: 1 spinous dorsal bristle. 3rd and 4th joints: fused; 3rd joint with 2 long bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal); 4th joint with 3 bristles (1 dorsal, 2 ventral). 5th joint: sensory bristle with 1 short proximal filament. 6th joint: medial bristle short. 7th joint: a-bristle spinous; b-bristle bare, about one and one-half times length of a-bristle; c-bristle about same length as sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 1 short proximal filament. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles bare with blunt tips, about twice length of b-bristle; f-bristle slightly shorter than c-bristle, with 1 short proximal filament; g-bristle about same length as c-bristle, with 1 short proximal filament.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite single jointed with 2 short proximal anterior bristles and 1 longer spinous terminal bristle (Figure 11b). Exopodite: 1st joint with minute recurved medial bristle on distal margin; bristle of 2nd joint with about 23 proximal ventral spines (spines becoming more slender distally on bristle) followed by natatory hairs; bristles of joints 2–8 with proximal ventral spines followed by natatory hairs; 9th joint with 2 bristles (dorsal of these short, bare, or with few hairs; ventral bristle long, with slender proximal spines on ventral margin followed by natatory hairs).

Mandible (Figure 11c): Coxale endite represented by stout spine; ventral margin of coxale with long hairs. Basale: medial side with 3 short bristles (shortest of these between and lateral to remaining 2) almost on ventral margin; ventral margin with 1 short distal bristle; lateral side with 2 short bristles near ventral margin; dorsal margin with minute midbristle and minute subterminal bristle. Endopodite: 1st joint with dorsal margin slightly undulate proximally and with terminal spines forming row extending onto medial side, ventral margin with stout terminal claw with row of minute teeth proximally along dorsal margin, medial surface with slender spines forming pattern; 2nd joint with dorsal margin with short subterminal bristle, ventral margin with stout terminal claw; 3rd joint with stout terminal claw and 3 minute bristles (2 ventral and 1 dorsal to base of claw).

Maxilla (Figure 11d): Coxale with short bare bristle on anterior margin. Endites with total of 15 bristles. 1 bristle on basale near exopodite. Exopodite with 2 bristles (inner of these about one-half length of outer bristle). Endopodite: 1st joint with stout pectinate α- and β-bristles; 2nd joint with 2 short a-bristles, 1 very small c-bristle, and 5 pectinate end bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure 11e): Endite with 1 fairly long bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with 2 spinous bristles; joints 2-5 fused, hirsute, with total of 7 spinous bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 11f): Single endite with 2 short medial bristles and 1 longer terminal bristle; end joint with 11 ventral bristles with short marginal spines and 2 longer, hirsute, posterior bristles; medial side with abundant long hairs near posterior margin and shorter hairs forming rows elsewhere.

Seventh Limb (Figure 11g): Each limb with 8 bristles, 6 terminally (3 on each side) and 2 proximally (1 on each side); each bristle with 2–5 bells; bells decrease in size distally along bristle; terminus consisting of 2 opposing combs, each with 5 curved teeth.

Furca: Each lamella with 5 claws; claw 1 joined to lamella, others separated from lamella by suture; claws 1–4 with teeth along posterior margin (some teeth longer than others); left lamella following claw 5 with 4 or 5 spines; right lamella following claw 5 with fewer and smaller spines.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 11h,j): Elongate with rounded tip.

Eyes: Medial eye lightly pigmented, bare (Figure 11h,j). Lateral eye about same size as medial eye, with 4 ommatidia (Figure 11h,i).

Upper Lip (Figure 11j): Helmet shaped.

Genitalia: Consisting of round sclerotized ring on each side of body in front of furca.

Brushlike Organ: Consisting of about 5 minute bristles on each side of body dorsal to genitalia.

Eggs: USNM 156650 with 3 eggs in marsupium and 4 small unextruded eggs (eggs about half the diameter of extruded eggs); USNM 156634 with 3 eggs in marsupium; USNM 156987, 4 eggs in marsupium.

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figures 12, 13).—Carapace elongate with prominent rostrum and truncate posterior.

Ornamentation (Figure 12): Broad flat middle area of valve with peripheral rib similar to that of adult female but with more prominent posterodorsal and posterior processes; ventral part of ridge with 5 processes; anterior part of ridge extending onto rostrum; posterior part of ridge ventral to prominent posterior processes subdued; surface of valve with abundant shallow fossae and spines similar to those on adult female; spines covered by gelatinous substance; long bristles present along anteroventral margin and scattered over valve surface; a long bristle present at peak of the posterodorsal and posterior processes of peripheral ridge; short bristles present along inset ventral edge of valve.

Size (measurements include caudal process) (Figure 10): USNM 156643, length 1.17 mm, height 0.76 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 13a): 1st joint: bare. 2nd joint: 1 dorsal bristle and short spines forming rows on medial surface. 3rd and 4th joints: fused; 3rd joint with short dorsal bristle and minute ventral bristle; 4th joint with 3 bristles (2 ventral, 1 dorsal). 5th joint: minute, sensory bristle with cuplike basal part with abundant bristles and stem with 4 marginal filaments and small spines at tip. 6th joint: medial bristle short. 7th joint: a-bristle bare, about four times length of bristle of 6th joint; b-bristle bare, about one-fourth times longer than a-bristle; c-bristle extending past tip of sensory bristle of 5th limb, with 4 fairly long marginal filaments, 1 minute filament near base of distal marginal filament, and with minute spines at tip. 8th joint: d-and e-bristles slightly more than twice length of b-bristle, bare with blunt tips; f-bristle about same length as e-bristle, with 4 fairly long marginal filaments and minute spines at tip; g-bristle almost as long as c-bristle, with 4 fairly long marginal filaments and minute spines at tip.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite single jointed or with minute 2nd joint: 1st joint with 2 short, proximal, anterior bristles; minute 2nd joint with 3 short bristles (Figure 13b,c). Exopodite: 1st joint with minute recurved medial bristle on distal margin; bristle of 2nd joint with few long hairs proximally on dorsal margin, then about 10 slender spines on ventral margin, followed by natatory hairs on both margins; bristles on joints 3 and 4 with proximal natatory hairs on both margins followed by few ventral spines and, then, natatory hairs on both margins; bristles of joints 5–8 with natatory hairs but no spines; 9th joint with 2 bristles with natatory hairs (dorsal bristle very short); no basal spines.

Mandible (Figure 13d): Coxale endite consisting of single spine; hairs absent on ventral and medial surfaces of coxale. Basale: medial side with 1 short bristle near middle and 3 short proximal bristles near ventral margin close to 2 similar bristles on ventral margin; dorsal margin with 2 fairly long bristles. Exopodite with base on lateral side of basale, and hirsute distal part medial to 1st endopodite joint. Endopodite: 1st joint with medial side with long hairs near dorsal margin and shorter hairs forming rows elsewhere, ventral margin with 2 terminal bristles (1 very short); 2nd joint with proximal notch and 1 stout midbristle on dorsal margin, 1 short slender terminal bristle on ventral margin, and spines forming rows on medial surface; 3rd joint with 1 stout terminal bristle, 1 minute dorsal bristle, and 2 ventral bristles (1 minute, 1 with bulbous base).

Maxilla: Limb reduced, with weak bristles. In general, similar to maxilla of adult male of Sarsiella capsula described herein.

Fifth Limb (Figure 13e): Coxale with short anterior bristle. Exopodite hirsute; 1st joint with 2 hirsute bristles; joints 2–5 fused, with total of 6 or 7 hirsute bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 13f): Single endite with 2 small bristles; ventral margin of end joint with 6 hirsute lateral bristles, 4 or 5 medial bristles with long proximal and short distal spines, and 2 hirsute posterior bristles.

Seventh Limb (Figure 13g): Represented by minute stump.

Furca: Similar to that of adult female.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 13h): Elongate with 3 proximal segments and rounded tip.

Eyes: Medial eye lightly pigmented, bare (Figure 13h). Lateral eye slightly smaller than medial eye, with 4 ommatidia (Figure 13i).

Copulatory Organ (Figure 13j,k): Each side with 2 lobes with bristles, and elongate lobe terminating in sclerotized hooklike process; dentate triangular process and several bristles present proximally on inner curvature of elongate lobe.

DESCRIPTION OF A–1 MALE (Figure 14; Plates 5–7).—Carapace oval in lateral view with truncate posterior and posteroventral caudal process, and without rostrum or incisur.

Ornamentation (Figure 14a; Plates 5–7): Peripheral ridge and radial ribs similar to those of adult female (Figure 14a; Plate 5a-c); surface with abundant shallow fossae (Plate 5a,d), SEM micrographs reveal few spines at bottom of fossae and numerous spines between fossae (Plate 5d–f) and forming ridges and ribs (Plates 5a–c, 6a); tips of spines rounded and with few minute papillae (Plate 6d); surface between spines covered with gelatinous substance forming film on drying (Plates 5d–f, 6); long bristles or hairs present along anterior and ventral margins and scattered over valve surface (Plates 5a–d, 6b).

Infold: Infold of caudal process with 6 bristles plus 1 near inner margin (Figure 14b); anterior infold below valve middle with 1 small bristle; posterior infold with 2 setiferous bristles dorsal to caudal process (Figure 14b).

Central Adductor Muscles: See Plate 7.

Size: USNM 153928, length including caudal process 1.24 mm, length excluding caudal process 1.14 mm, height 0.96 mm.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite 1-jointed with 2 short anterior bristles and a long and a short terminal bristle (Figure 14c). Exopodite: 1st joint with minute, medial, recurved, terminal bristle; bristles of joints 2–8 with proximal spines along ventral margin and distal natatory hairs; 9th joint with 3 bristles (2 long with proximal ventral spines and distal natatory hairs, and 1 short, bare).

Seventh Limb (Figure 14d): Vestigial without bristles.

Furca (Figure 14e): Each lamella with 5 claws followed by 4 points; claw 1 fused to lamella, remaining claws separated from lamella by suture.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 14f): 1-jointed with rounded tip.

Eyes: Lateral eye with 4 ommatidia (Figure 14g); medial eye larger than lateral eye, lightly pigmented (Figure 14f).

Y-Sclerite (Figure 14h): Typical for family.

Remaining Appendages: Not examined in detail, but in general similar to those of adult female.