dcsimg

Biology ( Inglês )

fornecido por Arctic Ocean Biodiversity 2011
The most common naked pteropod of arctic waters
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Arctic Ocean Diversity
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Russ Hopcroft

Comprehensive Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por Arctic Ocean Biodiversity 2011
Barrel-shaped body with paddle-like lateral wings; No external gills; Transparent body with orange-red colouration in the tail and horn-like mouth organs; Tentacles and hooks deployed during feeding; Reddish-brown visceral mass is seen through the body wall; Several subspecies and forms recognized, with differing shell shape and differeing polar/subpolar distribution
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Arctic Ocean Diversity
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Russ Hopcroft

Habitat ( Inglês )

fornecido por Arctic Ocean Biodiversity 2011
Panarctic, bipolar and subpolar; Epipelagic (shallow dwelling)
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Arctic Ocean Diversity
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Russ Hopcroft

Life Cycle ( Inglês )

fornecido por Arctic Ocean Biodiversity 2011
protandrous hermaphrodite (males first, females later); mating involves cross-fertilization; 30-40 eggs laid as oblong gelatinous egg strips (1 to 1.2 mm long); Newly hatched larvae have thimble-shaped shells and a ciliated velum aroudn mouth; shell is soon cast off and while changing to adult body form, 2 ciliated rings lost are visible mid-body and near the tail; Generation times thought to be 1 year in the arctic and perhaps 2 per year in the subarctic
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Trophic Strategy ( Inglês )

fornecido por Arctic Ocean Biodiversity 2011
An active swimmer while hunting for its shelled pteropod prey, primarily Limacina helicina; Feeding apparatus consists of 3 pairs of buccal cones (finger-like tentacles), 2 clusters of long hooks, and a toothed radula (a chain-saw like tongue) all normally hidden inside the head and body; Feeding apparatus is everted (pushed out) during feeding to extract the prey from their shells; A well-feed animal has a large dark gut
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Arctic Ocean Diversity
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Russ Hopcroft

Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por EOL authors
The "pteropod" Clione limacina belongs to a group of marine gastropod mollusks that lack shells. This species has been the subject of extensive investigations into the neurobiology of swimming behavior. Its geographic distribution was long considered to include both the northern and southern ends of the Earth, with northern and southern hemisphere subspecies. However, work by Gilmer and Lalli (1990) suggested that southern populations should possibly be treated as a distinct species, C. antarctica. Clione limacina is widely distributed in the North Atlantic and Subarctic Oceans and is found also in the North Pacific Ocean and along the Atlantic coast of North America in the waters of the cold Labrador current south to the Cape Hatteras region (around 35 N). Clione limacina breeds and spawns in all types of water masses within the vertical range it commonly inhabits, i.e., from the surface to around 500 m. The most intensive spawning is correlated with the spring/summer period of annual heating of local water and the highest abundance parallels maximum growth of phytoplankton, which serves as food for veliger larvae and early polytrochous larvae. After the end of this period, spawning intensity in local C. limacina populations declines sharply, although spawning continues at low intensity during the autumn/winter season. Clione limacina feeds exclusively on shelled "pteropods", such as Limacina helicina (Lalli and Gilmer, 1989). Only the veliger stage ofC. limacina does not feed on Limacina, instead consuming phytoplankton during this life stage. However, 48 to 72 h after metamorphosis from the veliger stage to polytrochous larvae (at around 0.3 mm length) C. limacina begin feeding on Limacina veligers. At sizes greater than 0.6 mm, C. limacina begin to consume metamorphosed Limacina prey and they do so exclusively once they exceed 1.75 to 2 mm in length. Clione capture their Limacina prey with their six buccal cones and the proboscis is used to draw the body out of the shell (the neurophysiology of buccal cone function was investigated by Norekian and Satterlie (1993). The feeding specialization of Clione is reflected in numerous adaptations. Because even the early polytrochous larvae of Clione feed on Limacina, the life cycles of predator and prey are necessarily closely synchronized. The feeding behavior of C. limacina is described in detail by Lalli and Gilmer (1989) and Hermans and Satterlie (1992). See additional images and information at the Sea Slug Forum for both the arctic and antarctic forms (Mileikovsky 1970; Lalli and Gilmer1989; Gilmer and Lalli 1990; Hermans and Satterlie 1992)
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Leo Shapiro
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EOL authors

Clione limacina ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Clione limacina, known as the naked sea butterfly, sea angel, and common clione, is a sea angel (pelagic sea slug) found from the surface to greater than 500 m (1,600 ft) depth.[2][3] It lives in the Arctic Ocean and cold regions of the North Atlantic Ocean. It was first described by Friderich Martens in 1676 and became the first gymnosomatous (without a shell) "pteropod" to be described.[4]

Subspecies

  • Clione limacina australis (Bruguière, 1792)[5]
  • Clione limacina limacina (Phipps, 1774)[5]

Distribution

Clione limacina is found in cold waters of the Arctic Ocean and North Atlantic Ocean, ranging south at least to the Sargasso Sea.[6][7] There are three other species in the genus, which formerly were included in C. limacina (either as subspecies, variants or subpopulations). These are C. elegantissima of the cold North Pacific (at least north to the Gulf of Alaska; the Beaufort Sea is inhabited by C. limacina), C. okhotensis of the Okhotsk Sea (where it overlaps with C. elegantissima), and C. antarctica of Antarctic waters.[7]

Clione limacina

Description

There are two subspecies that differentiate in body length.[8] The northern subspecies lives in colder water, matures at 3 cm (1.2 in) and can reach a size of 7–8.5 cm (2.8–3.3 in).[8][9] This makes it by far the largest sea angel.[7] In comparison, the size of the southern subspecies is 1.2 cm (0.5 in),[8] C. elegantissima is up to 3 cm (1.2 in), C. okhotensis up to 0.8 cm (0.3 in),[7] and C. antarctica up to 3 cm (1.2 in).[10]

The neurobiology of this pteropod has been studied in detail.

Ecology

Clione limacina inhabits both the epipelagic and mesopelagic regions of the water column.[5]

Feeding habits

Adults feed in a predator-prey relationship almost exclusively on the sea butterflies of the genus Limacina: on Limacina helicina and on Limacina retroversa.[3][8] The feeding process of Clione limacina is somewhat extraordinary. The buccal ("mouth") apparatus consists of three pairs of buccal cones. These tentacles grab the shell of Limacina helicina. When the prey is in the right position, with its shell opening facing the radula of Clione limacina, it then grasps the prey with its chitinous hooks, everted from hook sacs. Then it extracts the body completely out of its shell and swallows it whole.[11][12]

Adult Limacina are absent for much of the year, leaving C. limacina without access to their main food source. A study of 138 C. limacina during a period without adult Limacina found that the stomachs of 24 contained remains of amphipods and 3 contained remains of calanoids.[9] This temporary prey change may allow them to survive in periods of starvation,[9] although the species can survive for one year without food.[13] Under such exceptional starvation in the laboratory the length of slugs have decreased on average from 22.4 to 12 mm (0.88 to 0.47 in).[13]

The earliest larvae stages of C. limacina feed on phytoplankton, but from the later laval stage this changes to Limacina.[9] The development of these two species is parallel and small C. limacina feed on Limacina of a size, while large C. limacina avoid small Limacina (including its larvae).[9]

Life cycle

In Svalbard, the life cycle of C. limacina appears to be at least 2 years.[8] It is a hermaphrodite and observations suggest this is simultaneous.[9] It breeds during the spring and summer, and the eggs are about 0.12 mm (4.7 thou).[9]

Clione limacina is a prey of planktonic feeders, such as the baleen whales,[8] which historically led to sailors naming it "whale-food".[14] Some fishes are also its predators.[8] For example, the Chum Salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, is a major predator of sea angels.[15]

References

This article incorporates CC-BY-SA-3.0 text from the reference [5]

  1. ^ Phipps, C.J., 1774. A voyage towards the North Pole undertaken by His Majesty's Command 1773 : i–viii, 1–253
  2. ^ a b Gofas, S. (2012). Clione limacina. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139178 on 2012-07-23
  3. ^ a b Lalli C. M. & Gilmer R. W. (1989). Pelagic Snails. The biology of holoplanktonic gastropod molluscs. Stanford University Press: Stanford, California. page 188.
  4. ^ Spitzbergiscbe oder grönlandische Reisebeschreibung, p. 189, p1. P. fig. f.
  5. ^ a b c d Gofas, S. (2011). Clione limacina. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139178 on 2011-01-29
  6. ^ Mileikovsky S.A. (1970) Breeding and larval distribution of the pteropod Clione limacina in the North Atlantic, Subarctic and North Pacific Oceans. Marine Biology 6(4): 317–334.
  7. ^ a b c d Yamazaki, Tomoyasu; Kuwahara, Takashi (2017). "A new species of Clione distinguished from sympatric C. limacina (Gastropoda: Gymnosomata) in the southern Okhotsk Sea, Japan, with remarks on the taxonomy of the genus". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 83 (1): 19–26. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyw032. ISSN 0260-1230.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Böer M., Gannefors C., Kattner G., Graeve M., Hop H. & Falk-Petersen S. (2005). "The Arctic pteropod Clione limacina: seasonal lipid dynamics and life-strategy". Marine Biology 147(3): 707–717. doi:10.1007/s00227-005-1607-8.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Kallevik, I.H.F. (2013). Alternative prey choice in the pteropod Clione limacina (Gastropoda) studied by DNA-based methods. Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine Biology Field of study - Arctic Marine Ecology and Resource Biology. Bio-3950 (60 ECT). The University Center in Svalbard.
  10. ^ McClintock, J.B.; B.J. Baker, eds. (1997). Marine Chemical Ecology. CRC Press. p. 215. ISBN 0-8493-9064-8.
  11. ^ Hermans C. O. & Satterlie R. A. (1992). "Fast-strike feeding behavior in a pteropod mollusk, Clione limacina Phipps". The Biological Bulletin, Marine Biological Laboratory, 182: 1–7.
  12. ^ Vortsepneva, E.V.; Tzetlin, A.B (March 2014). "New Data on the Fine Structure of hooks in Clione limacina (Gastropoda, Opistobranchia) and Diversity of the Jaw Apparatus in Gastropods". Zoologicheskii Zhurnal. 93 (3): 466–478. doi:10.7868/S0044513414030179. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  13. ^ a b Böer M., Graeve M. & Kattner G. (2006). "Exceptional long-term starvation ability and sites of lipid storage of the Arctic pteropod Clione limacina". Polar Biology 30(5): 571–580. doi:10.1007/s00300-006-0214-6.
  14. ^ Gosse, Philip Henry (1854). Mollusca. Natural History. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. p. 72.
  15. ^ Takashi, Makoa; Takashi, Kuwahara; Masanoa, Narita (March 2014). "Carotenoids of Sea Angels Clione limacina and Paedoclione doliiformis from the Perspective of the Food Chain". Marine Drugs. 12 (3): 1460–1470. doi:10.3390/md12031460. PMC 3967221. PMID 24633249.
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Clione limacina: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Clione limacina, known as the naked sea butterfly, sea angel, and common clione, is a sea angel (pelagic sea slug) found from the surface to greater than 500 m (1,600 ft) depth. It lives in the Arctic Ocean and cold regions of the North Atlantic Ocean. It was first described by Friderich Martens in 1676 and became the first gymnosomatous (without a shell) "pteropod" to be described.

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Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
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wikipedia EN

Clione limacina ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Clione limacina[3], communément appelé Papillon de mer, Clione ou Ange de mer[4], est une espèce de petits mollusques marins.

Liste des sous-espèces

Selon Catalogue of Life (29 mai 2014)[5] :

  • sous-espèce Clione limacina australis (Bruguière, 1792)
  • sous-espèce Clione limacina limacina (Phipps, 1774)

World Register of Marine Species (29 mai 2014)[6] ajoute à cette liste :

  • sous-espèce Clione limacina antarctica E. A. Smith, 1902

Distribution géographique

Clione limacina se trouve dans les eaux froides de l'océan Arctique et de l'océan Atlantique Nord, allant au sud au moins jusqu'à la mer des Sargasses[7],[8] . Il existe trois autres espèces dans le genre, qui étaient auparavant incluses dans C. limacina (soit en tant que sous-espèces, variantes ou sous-populations). Ce sont C. elegantissima des régions froides du Pacifique Nord (au moins au nord du golfe d'Alaska ; la mer de Beaufort est habitée par C. limacina), C. okhotensis de la mer d'Okhotsk (où elle se chevauche avec C. elegantissima), et C. antarctica des eaux antarctiques[8].

Description

Clione limacina est un gastéropode sans coquille, translucide, laissant apercevoir ses organes, d’environ 25 mm de long. Le Papillon de mer possède deux nageoires sur les côtés du corps, qu’il utilise pour se déplacer, mais ne possède pas de branchie.

Les deux sous-espèces qui se différencient par leur longueur corporelle[9]. La sous-espèce du nord vit dans des eaux plus froides, atteint sa maturité à 3 cm, et peut atteindre une taille de 7 à 8,5 cm[9],[10]. Cela en fait de loin le plus grand ange marin[8]. En comparaison, la taille de la sous-espèce méridionale est de 1,2 cm[9], C. elegantissima jusqu'à 3 cm, C. okhotensis jusqu'à 0,8 cm[8] et C. antarctica jusqu'à 3 cm[11].

Écologie

Clione limacina vit de la surface à plus de 500 mètres de profondeur, dans les régions épipélagique et mésopélagique de la colonne d'eau[12].

Habitudes alimentaires

Les adultes se nourrissent dans une relation prédateur-proie presque exclusivement de papillons marins du genre Limacina : sur Limacina helicina et sur Limacina retroversa[13],[9]. Le processus d'alimentation de Clione limacina est quelque peu extraordinaire. L'appareil buccal (« bouche ») se compose de trois paires de cônes buccaux. Ces tentacules saisissent la coquille de Limacina helicina. Lorsque la proie est dans la bonne position, avec son ouverture de coquille faisant face à la radula de Clione limacina, elle saisit ensuite la proie avec ses crochets chitineux. Ensuite, il extrait complètement le corps de sa coquille et l'avale en entier[14],[15].

Les Limacina adultes sont absents pendant une grande partie de l'année, laissant C. limacina sans accès à leur principale source de nourriture. Une étude de 138 C. limacina pendant une période sans Limacina adulte a révélé que les estomacs de 24 contenaient des restes d'amphipodes et 3 contenaient des restes de calanoïdes[10]. Ce changement de proie temporaire peut leur permettre de survivre en période de famine[10], bien que l'espèce puisse survivre pendant un an sans nourriture[16]. Sous une famine aussi exceptionnelle en laboratoire, la longueur des limaces a diminué en moyenne de 22,4 à 12 mm[16].

Les premiers stades larvaires de C. limacina se nourrissent de phytoplancton, mais à partir du dernier stade larvaires, cela change pour Limacina[10]. Le développement de ces deux espèces est parallèle et les petits C. limacina se nourrissent de Limacina de taille similaire, tandis que les grands C. limacina évitent les petits Limacina (y compris ses larves)[10].

Cycle de vie

Au Svalbard, le cycle de vie de C. limacina semble être d'au moins 2 ans[9]. C'est un hermaphrodite et les observations suggèrent que c'est simultané[10]. Il se reproduit au printemps et en été, et les œufs mesurent environ 0,12 mm[10].

Clione limacina est une proie de mangeurs planctoniques, tels que les baleines à fanons[9], ce qui a conduit historiquement les marins à l'appeler « nourriture de baleine »[17]. Certains poissons sont également ses prédateurs[9]. Par exemple, le saumon kéta, Oncorhynchus keta, est un prédateur majeur des anges marins[18].

Publication originale

Notes et références

  1. a b et c BioLib, consulté le 7 février 2020
  2. a b c d e f g h i j k l et m World Register of Marine Species, consulté le 7 février 2020
  3. Phipps 1774, p. 195-196
  4. Benoît Poyelle, « Exposition photo », sur www.underthepole.com, Base océans - Under the Pole (consulté le 30 septembre 2013)
  5. Bánki, O., Roskov, Y., Vandepitte, L., DeWalt, R. E., Remsen, D., Schalk, P., Orrell, T., Keping, M., Miller, J., Aalbu, R., Adlard, R., Adriaenssens, E., Aedo, C., Aescht, E., Akkari, N., Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A., Alvarez, B., Alvarez, F., Anderson, G., et al. (2021). Catalogue of Life Checklist (Version 2021-10-18). Catalogue of Life. https://doi.org/10.48580/d4t2, consulté le 29 mai 2014
  6. World Register of Marine Species, consulté le 29 mai 2014
  7. Mileikovsky S.A. (1970) Breeding and larval distribution of the pteropod Clione limacina in the North Atlantic, Subarctic and North Pacific Oceans. Marine Biology 6(4): 317–334.
  8. a b c et d Tomoyasu Yamazaki et Takashi Kuwahara, « A new species of Clione distinguished from sympatric C. limacina (Gastropoda: Gymnosomata) in the southern Okhotsk Sea, Japan, with remarks on the taxonomy of the genus », Journal of Molluscan Studies, vol. 83, no 1,‎ 2017, p. 19–26 (ISSN , DOI )
  9. a b c d e f et g Böer M., Gannefors C., Kattner G., Graeve M., Hop H. & Falk-Petersen S. (2005). "The Arctic pteropod Clione limacina: seasonal lipid dynamics and life-strategy". Marine Biology 147(3): 707–717. .
  10. a b c d e f et g Kallevik, I.H.F. (2013). Alternative prey choice in the pteropod Clione limacina (Gastropoda) studied by DNA-based methods. « https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023256/http://munin.uit.no/bitstream/handle/10037/5858/thesis.pdf », 4 mars 2016 Biology Field of study - Arctic Marine Ecology and Resource Biology. Bio-3950 (60 ECT). The University Center in Svalbard.
  11. Marine Chemical Ecology, CRC Press, 1997 (ISBN 0-8493-9064-8), p. 215
  12. Gofas, S. (2011). Clione limacina. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139178 on 2011-01-29
  13. Lalli C. M. & Gilmer R. W. (1989). Pelagic Snails. The biology of holoplanktonic gastropod molluscs. Stanford University Press: Stanford, California. page 188.
  14. Hermans C. O. & Satterlie R. A. (1992). "Fast-strike feeding behavior in a pteropod mollusk, Clione limacina Phipps". The Biological Bulletin, Marine Biological Laboratory, 182: 1–7.
  15. E.V. Vortsepneva et A.B Tzetlin, « New Data on the Fine Structure of hooks in Clione limacina (Gastropoda, Opistobranchia) and Diversity of the Jaw Apparatus in Gastropods », Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, vol. 93, no 3,‎ mars 2014, p. 466–478 (DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 1er mai 2015)
  16. a et b Böer M., Graeve M. & Kattner G. (2006). "Exceptional long-term starvation ability and sites of lipid storage of the Arctic pteropod Clione limacina". Polar Biology 30(5): 571–580. .
  17. Philip Henry Gosse, Mollusca, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, coll. « Natural History », 1854 (lire en ligne), p. 72
  18. Makoa Takashi, Kuwahara Takashi et Narita Masanoa, « Carotenoids of Sea Angels Clione limacina and Paedoclione doliiformis from the Perspective of the Food Chain », Marine Drugs, vol. 12, no 3,‎ mars 2014, p. 1460–1470 (PMID , PMCID , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 22 avril 2015)

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wikipedia FR

Clione limacina: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Clione limacina, communément appelé Papillon de mer, Clione ou Ange de mer, est une espèce de petits mollusques marins.

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Clione limacina ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Clione limacina (Gewone vlerkslak) is een slakkensoort uit de familie van de Clionidae.[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1774 door Phipps.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. Gofas, S. (2012). Clione limacina (Phipps, 1774). Geraadpleegd via: World Register of Marine Species op http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139178
Geplaatst op:
09-03-2013
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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Clione limacina ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

A borboleta-do-mar (Clione limacina), também chamado anjo-do-mar, é uma espécie de lesma do mar que pode ser encontrada do Ártico ao Oceano Atlântico Norte.[1]

Referências

  1. «Clione limacina, Arctic Ocean biodiversity». www.arcodiv.org. Consultado em 4 de junho de 2021

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Clione limacina: Brief Summary ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

A borboleta-do-mar (Clione limacina), também chamado anjo-do-mar, é uma espécie de lesma do mar que pode ser encontrada do Ártico ao Oceano Atlântico Norte.

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Clione limacina ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV

Clione limacina är ett blötdjur i släktet Clione som finns på mellan 0 och 350 meters djup, i både Norra ishavet och Antarktiska oceanen. Den beskrevs först av Martens 1676 och var den första arten i gruppen nakna vingfotingar som beskrevs.[1]

Referenser

  1. ^ Spitzbergische oder grönlandische Reisebeschreibung, p. 189, p1. P. fig. f.

Vidare läsning

  • Lalli, C.M. & Gilmer, R.W. (1989). Pelagic Snails. The biology of holoplanktonic gastropod molluscs. Stanford University Press: Stanford, California.
  • Morton J. E. (1958). "Observations on the gymnosomatous pteropod Clione limacina (Phipps)". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 37: 287-297.
  • Gosliner T. (1987). Nudibranchs of southern Africa: A guide to Opisthobranch molluscs of southern Africa. Sea Challengers, Monterey. ISBN 0-930118-13-8

Externa länkar

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Clione limacina: Brief Summary ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV

Clione limacina är ett blötdjur i släktet Clione som finns på mellan 0 och 350 meters djup, i både Norra ishavet och Antarktiska oceanen. Den beskrevs först av Martens 1676 och var den första arten i gruppen nakna vingfotingar som beskrevs.

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Clione limacina ( Ucraniano )

fornecido por wikipedia UK
  1. Clione limacina seaslugforum.net
  2. Hermans C. O., Satterlie R. A. (1992). Fast-strike feeding behavior in a pteropod mollusk, Clione limacina Phipps. Bioligical Bulletin 182: 1—7.
  3. Conover R. J., Lalli C. M. (1972). Feeding and growth in Clione limacina (Phipps), a pteropod mollusc. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 9 (3): 279—302. DOI:10.1016/0022-0981(72)90038-X
  4. Клиона БСЭ
Черепашка Це незавершена стаття з малакології.
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Clione limacina ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Clione limacina, là một loài thiên thần biển được tìm thấy từ mặt biển đến độ sâu 350 m[cần dẫn nguồn].[2] Loài này sinh sống ở cả Bắc Băng Dương và biển Nam Cực. Loài này được miêu tả lần đầu bởi Martens vào năm 1676.[3]

Phân loài

  • Clione limacina australis (Bruguière, 1792)[4]
  • Clione limacina limacina (Phipps, 1774)[4]

Tham khảo

  1. ^ Phipps, C.J., 1774. A voyage towards the North Pole undertaken by His Majesty's Command 1773: i-viii, 1-253
  2. ^ a ă Gofas, S. (2012). Clione limacina. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139178 on 2012-07-23
  3. ^ Spitzbergiscbe oder grönlandische Reisebeschreibung, p. 189, p1. P. fig. f.
  4. ^ a ă Gofas, S. (2011). Clione limacina. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=139178 on 2011-01-29

Đọc thêm

  • http://www.seaslugforum.net/factsheet/cliolima accessed 5 January 2010
  • (tiếng Đan Mạch) Boas J. E. V. (1888). "Spolia Atlantica. Bidrag til Pteropodernes. Morfologi og Systematik samt til Kundskaben om deres geografiski Udbredelse". Det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs skrifter. København, serie 6, number 4: 1-231. Pages 162-166. Plate 7, figure 101-103.
  • Abbott, R.T. (1974). American Seashells. 2nd ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York, NY (USA). 663 pp
  • Backeljau, T. (1986). Lijst van de recente mariene mollusken van België [List of the recent marine molluscs of Belgium]. Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen: Brussels, Belgium. 106 pp.
  • Conover R. J. & Lalli C. M. (1972). "Feeding and growth in Clione limacina (Phipps), a pteropod mollusc". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 9(3): 279-302. doi:10.1016/0022-0981(72)90038-X.

Liên kết ngoài

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Clione limacina: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Clione limacina, là một loài thiên thần biển được tìm thấy từ mặt biển đến độ sâu 350 m[cần dẫn nguồn]. Loài này sinh sống ở cả Bắc Băng Dương và biển Nam Cực. Loài này được miêu tả lần đầu bởi Martens vào năm 1676.

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Морской ангел (моллюск) ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию
 src=
Нервная система морского ангела

Как и многие другие заднежаберные брюхоногие, морские ангелы обладают крупными идентифицируемыми нейронами и выступают в роли модельных объектов для изучения клеточных механизмов локомоции и поведения, установления межнейронных связей и др.[11][12][13]

В искусстве и культуре

В Японии морской ангел и созданные на основе его образа персонажи — распространенные герои детских книжек[источник не указан 3310 дней]. Морской ангел — популярный мотив в изготовлении сувениров, ювелирных украшений, декоративных скульптур и т. п.[источник не указан 3310 дней]. Образ Покемонов 4-го поколения: Манафи (№ 490 — Manaphy) и Фион (№ 489 — Phione) создан на основе внешнего вида морского ангела.

Примечания

  1. Клио, крылоногие моллюски // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907.
  2. Вид Морской ангел (моллюск) (англ.) в Мировом реестре морских видов (World Register of Marine Species).
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hermans C. O., Satterlie R. A. (1992). Fast-strike feeding behavior in a pteropod mollusk, Clione limacina Phipps. Bioligical Bulletin, vol. 182, pp. 1—7. Текст (англ.)
  4. 1 2 3 4 Conover R. J., Lalli C. M. (1972). Feeding and growth in Clione limacina (Phipps), a pteropod mollusc. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, vol. 9(3), pp. 279—302. DOI:10.1016/0022-0981(72)90038-X (англ.)
  5. 1 2 3 4 Статья о Clione limacina на seaslugforum.net (англ.)
  6. 1 2 3 Морской ангел (моллюск) — статья из Большой советской энциклопедии.
  7. 1 2 3 Mileikovsky S. A. (1970). Breeding and larval distribution of the pteropod Clione limacina in the North Atlantic, Subarctic and North Pacific Oceans. Marine Biology, vol. 6(4), pp. 317—334. abstract (англ.)
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Satterlie R. A., LaBarbera M., Spencer A. N. (1985). Swimming in the Pteropod Mollusc, Clione limacina: I. Behaviour and Morphology. Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 116,pp. 189—204 Текст (англ.).
  9. Наумов А. Д., Федяков В. В. Вечно живое Белое море. — СПб.: Издательство СПбГДТЮ, 1993. — 336 с. — ISBN 5-88494-064-5.
  10. Boer M., Graeve M., Kattner G., 328 (2006). Impact of feeding and starvation on the lipid metabolism of the Arctic pteropod Clione limacina. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, vol. 328(1), pp. 98-112. DOI:10.1016/j.jembe.2005.07.001 (англ.)
  11. Panchin Y. V., Arshavsky Y. I., Deliagina T. G., Orlovsky G. N., Popova L. B., Selverston A. I. (1996). Control of locomotion in the marine mollusc Clione limacina. XI. Effects of serotonin // Experimental Brain Research. — 1996. — Vol. 109, № 2. — P. 361—365. — DOI:10.1007/BF00231794.
  12. Zelenin P. V., Panchin Y. V. (2000). Projection pattern and target selection of Clione limacina motoneurons sprouting within an intact environment. Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 423(2), pp. 220—226. abstract (англ.)
  13. Baranova A., Ivanov D., Petrash N., Pestova A., Skoblov M., Kelmanson I., Shagin D., Nazarenko S., Geraymovych E., Litvin O. et al. (2004). The mammalian pannexin family is homologous to the invertebrate innexin gap junction proteins. Altering electrical connections in the nervous system of the pteropod mollusc Clione limacina by neuronal injections of gap junction mRNA. A ubiquitous family of putative gap junction molecules. Genomics, 2004, vol. 83, pp. 706—716. DOI:10.1016/j.ygeno.2003.09.025 (англ.)
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Морской ангел (моллюск): Brief Summary ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию
 src= Нервная система морского ангела

Как и многие другие заднежаберные брюхоногие, морские ангелы обладают крупными идентифицируемыми нейронами и выступают в роли модельных объектов для изучения клеточных механизмов локомоции и поведения, установления межнейронных связей и др.

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裸海蝶 ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科

裸海蝶(學名:Clione limacina),俗稱海天使,生活在北冰洋南冰洋水深350米處。它們最初被描述為翼足目的一種[2]

亞種

分佈

裸海蝶分佈在寒冷海域:除南極裸海蝶英语Clione antarctica只見於南極海域以外,其餘兩個亞種分佈於由北冰洋北卡羅萊納州阿拉斯加加拿大北歐北大西洋[1]北太平洋[3][4]。裸海蝶有時會在北歐的海岸積聚成群。

 src=
Clione limacina

型態描述

在北半球的兩個亞種在體長上有分別[3]:在北方棲息的亞種在較冷水溫的環境棲息,成熟時體長約3 cm(1.2英寸),最長可達7~8.5 cm(2.8~3.3英寸)[3][5]。 而在南方棲息的亚种則只長1.2 cm(0.47英寸)[3]。 最長的可達4公分[6]

這個翼足目物種在神經生物學的範疇曾被深入研究過。

生態

裸海蝶生活在表層帶中层带[1]


食性

裸海蝶幾乎只以蟠虎螺有殼翼足亞目螔螺屬物種為食,例如:蟠虎螺Limacina helicina英语Limacina helicina)及後彎螔螺Limacina retroversa英语Limacina retroversa[3][7]。牠們進食的過程有點特別:牠們的口器(buccal apparatus)有三對叫作口錐(buccal cones)的觸手狀部分。牠們利用這些口錐抓緊蟠虎螺的殼。當獵物的殼口面向其齒舌時,裸海蝶會用其幾丁質的鉤捉住獵物,將之從殼中抽出及吞下[8][9]

根據一份以138隻裸海蝶作研究對象的文獻,這些裸海蝶處於一個沒有成年螔螺屬物種的環境一段時間。當這些裸海蝶被解剖後,當中有24隻的胃裡還殘留有端足類、另外3隻殘留有calanoid英语calanoid[5]。在這段臨時轉變食物環境的情況下,裸海蝶可不進食一段時期而不至於餓死[5],儘管裸海蝶其實可以在沒有食物的情況下生存達一年之久[10]。在這種特殊的假死狀態下,實驗室內研究個體的其體長也會從原來平均22.4毫米的體長縮減至只有12毫米長[10]

The earliest 幼体 stages of C. limacina feed on 浮游植物, but from the later laval stage this changes to Limacina.[5] The development of these two species is parallel and small C. limacina feed on Limacina of a similar size, while large C. limacina avoid small Limacina (including its larvae).[5]

Life cycle

In 斯瓦尔巴, the 生物生命週期 of C. limacina appears to be at least 2 years.[3] It is a hermaphrodite and observations suggest this is 雌雄間性.[5] It breeds during the spring and summer, and the eggs are about 0.12 mm(4.7 thou).[5]

Clione limacina is a prey of planktonic feeders, such as the 鬚鯨小目s,[3] which historically led to sailors naming it "whale-food".[11]

Some fishes are also its predators.[3] For example, the Chum Salmon, 大麻哈鱼, is a major predator of sea angels.[12]

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Gofas, Serge. Clione limacina (Phipps, 1774). World Register of Marine Species. [2018-10-31].
  2. ^ Spitzbergiscbe oder grönlandische Reisebeschreibung [斯皮茨堡及格陵蘭遊記]. : p. 189, p1. P. fig. f. (德语). 引文格式1维护:冗余文本 (link)
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Böer, M.; Gannefors, C.; Kattner, G.; Graeve, M.; Hop, H.; Falk-Petersen, S. "The Arctic pteropod Clione limacina: seasonal lipid dynamics and life-strategy". Marine Biology. 2005, 147 (3): 707–717. doi:10.1007/s00227-005-1607-8 (英语).
  4. ^ Mileikovsky S.A. (1970) Breeding and larval distribution of the pteropod Clione limacina in the North Atlantic, Subarctic and North Pacific Oceans. Marine Biology 6(4): 317–334.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Kallevik, I.H.F. Alternative prey choice in the pteropod Clione limacina (Gastropoda) studied by DNA-based methods (PDF). Biology Field of study - Arctic Marine Ecology and Resource Biology. Bio-3950 (60 ECT). The University Center in Svalbard. 2013 (英语).
  6. ^ Welch, J. J. "The “Island Rule” and Deep-Sea Gastropods: Re-Examining the Evidence". PLoS ONE. 2010, 5 (1). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008776.
  7. ^ Lalli, C. M.; Gilmer, R. W. Pelagic Snails. The biology of holoplanktonic gastropod molluscs.. Stanford, California. (USA): Stanford University Press. 1989: 188 (英语).
  8. ^ Hermans C. O. & Satterlie R. A. (1992). "Fast-strike feeding behavior in a pteropod mollusk, Clione limacina Phipps". The Biological Bulletin, Marine Biological Laboratory英语Marine Biological Laboratory, 182: 1–7.
  9. ^ Vortsepneva, E.V.; Tzetlin, A.B,. New Data on the Fine Structure of hooks in Clione limacina (Gastropoda, Opistobranchia) and Diversity of the Jaw Apparatus in Gastropods. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal. March 2014, 93 (3): 466–478 [2015-05-01]. doi:10.7868/S0044513414030179 (英语).
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Böer, M.; Graeve, M.; Kattner, G. Exceptional long-term starvation ability and sites of lipid storage of the Arctic pteropod Clione limacina". Polar Biology. 2006, 30 (5): 571–580. doi:10.1007/s00300-006-0214-6 (英语).
  11. ^ Gosse, Philip Henry. Mollusca. Natural History. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 1854: 72.
  12. ^ Takashi, Makoa; Takashi, Kuwahara; Masanoa, Narita. Carotenoids of Sea Angels Clione limacina and Paedoclione doliiformis from the Perspective of the Food Chain. Marine Drugs. March 2014, 12 (3): 1–11 [22 April 2015]. doi:10.3390/md12031460.
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维基百科作者和编辑
original
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wikipedia 中文维基百科

裸海蝶: Brief Summary ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科

裸海蝶(學名:Clione limacina),俗稱海天使,生活在北冰洋南冰洋水深350米處。它們最初被描述為翼足目的一種。

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维基百科作者和编辑
original
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site do parceiro
wikipedia 中文维基百科

무각거북고둥 ( Coreano )

fornecido por wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

무각거북고둥(naked sea butterfly)은 수면에서 수심 500 미터 지점에 걸쳐 서식하는 연체동물이다. 북극해 및 북태평양과 북대서양의 차가운 물 속에서 산다. 1676년 프리드리히 마르텐스가 처음 발견했고 1774년 피프스 남작클리오네 리마키나(Clione limacina)라고 학명을 기재했다. 무각익족류(껍데기가 없는 익족류)로서는 처음 발견된 종이다.

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Distribution ( Inglês )

fornecido por World Register of Marine Species
Arctic seas to North Carolina; Alaska-Canada-Northern Europe

Referência

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat ( Inglês )

fornecido por World Register of Marine Species
upper epipelagic and glacial

Referência

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat ( Inglês )

fornecido por World Register of Marine Species
Epipelagic

Referência

Census of Marine Zooplankton, 2006. NOAA Ship Ronald H Brown, deployment RHB0603, Sargasso Sea. Peter Wiebe, PI. Identifications by L. Bercial, N. Copley, A. Cornils, L. Devi, H. Hansen, R. Hopcroft, M. Kuriyama, H. Matsuura, D. Lindsay, L. Madin, F. Pagè

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Habitat ( Inglês )

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Mesopelagic

Referência

Census of Marine Zooplankton, 2006. NOAA Ship Ronald H Brown, deployment RHB0603, Sargasso Sea. Peter Wiebe, PI. Identifications by L. Bercial, N. Copley, A. Cornils, L. Devi, H. Hansen, R. Hopcroft, M. Kuriyama, H. Matsuura, D. Lindsay, L. Madin, F. Pagè

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