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Khatchikian et al. (2002) studied kleptoparasitism (food stealing) by Brown-hooded Gulls (Larus maculipennis) and Gray-hooded Gulls (Larus cirrocephalus) stealing from American Oystercatchers in a coastal lagoon in Argentina. Most kleptoparasitic attacks (96%) occurred within the first three seconds of ingestion of clams by an oystercatcher, after they had opened the valves. Gulls lacked the skills required to open clams; in two cases it was observed that gulls were unable to open stolen clams that had not been opened by oystercatchers. Gulls were never observed swallowing whole clams. The overall occurrence rate was 1.2 ± 1.3 attempts per 5 minutes; 42% of attempts were successful. All kleptoparasitic attempts were made on oystercatchers feeding on Stout Razor Clams (Tagellus plebeius). Gulls stole food from oystercatchers using two different kleptoparasitic tactics; running (used in 40% of cases) and flying (used in 60% of cases). In the first, gulls approached their hosts by running from a nearby position, while in the latter, the gulls flew toward the oystercatchers.
In a study in Argentina, Daleo et al. (2005) found that carcasses of the intertidal grapsid crab Cyrtograpsus angulatus that had been abandoned by American Oystercatchers stabbing female crabs to obtain their eggs (and, occasionally, male crabs to consume their viscera) provided a significant source of food for the intertidal scavenging snail Buccinanops globulosum.
American Oystercatchers are known to feed on a variety of intertidal benthic prey such as oysters, limpets, mussels, polychaetes, crabs, jellyfishes, sea urchins, and ascidian tunicates in the northern and southern hemispheres (Kaufman 1996; Pacheco and Castilla 2001 and references therein).
The American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) is a strictly coastal species associated with rocky and sandy seacoasts, tidal mudflats, and salt marshes. It breeds locally along the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts south to Florida and along the Gulf coast south to the Yucatan Peninsula; in the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and Lesser Antilles; along the Pacific coast from central Baja California south to central Chile; and along the Caribbean-Atlantic coast south to south-central Argentina. The primary wintering range extends from Maryland south to southeastern Mexico on the Atlantic-Gulf coast; along the North American Pacific coast from central Baja California south to Honduras, as well as in Costa Rica; and generally in the breeding range in the West Indies and along both coasts of South America. (Kaufman 1996; AOU 1998).
American Oystercatcher numbers declined seriously in the 19th century, but recovered substantially during the 20th century. Despite disturbance in beach habitats, in many areas breeding oystercatchers are doing well, often nesting on dredge spoil islands. Davis et al. (2001) estimated the number of American Oystercatchers breeding along the entire Atlantic coast and the Gulf coast of Florida at 1,624 pairs. North of Virginia, they reported stable or slowly increasing numbers, with the range expanding as far north as Cape Sable Island in Nova Scotia. However, there is good reason for concern about overall population trajectories. From Virginia south, Davis et al. reported a decline in breeding numbers, with the number of oystercatchers breeding on barrier islands in Virginia decreasing by more than 50% in the last 2 decades of the 20th century. Given their relatively small numbers and inherently low productivity, the authors suggest that American Oystercatchers are at risk in rapidly changing coastal ecosystems. (Davis et al. 2001)
Davis et al. (2001) estimated the number of American Oystercatchers breeding along the entire Atlantic coast and the Gulf coast of Florida at 1,624 pairs. North of Virginia, they reported stable or slowly increasing numbers, with the range expanding as far north as Cape Sable Island in Nova Scotia. From Virginia south, they reported a recent decline in breeding numbers, with the number of oystercatchers breeding on barrier islands in Virginia decreasing by more than 50% in the last 2 decades of the 20th century. Given their relatively small numbers and inherently low productivity, the authors suggest that American Oystercatchers are at risk in rapidly changing coastal ecosystems. (Davis et al. 2001)
Brown et al. (2005) undertook an aerial survey to assess population size and winter distribution of the eastern subspecies of American Oystercatcher, whose winter range extends from New Jersey to Texas. Using a combination of ground and aerial counts, they estimated the population of eastern American Oystercatchers to be around 11,000.
According to Wilke et al. (2007), Chesapeake Bay, coastal bays, and barrier island shorelines of Maryland and Virginia harbor around 700 breeding pairs of American Oystercatchers. More than 80% of these are found on the east coast of the Delmarva Peninsula while fewer than 20% occur along the shorelines of the Chesapeake Bay. According to Wilke et al., the number of breeding pairs in Maryland appears to have been stable or to have increased slightly during the past 20 years.The authors report that the overall trend of the breeding population in Virginia is less clear, but that recent evidence suggests that numbers on the barrier islands are increasing after more than two decades of a declining trend. The coastal bays and barrier islands typically support between 1,500 and 2,000 wintering birds, with most occurring on the east coast of the Virginia portion of the Delmarva Peninsula. (Wilke et al 2005).
In South Carolina, Sanders et al. (2008) counted around 1,100 American Oystercatchers each year during a 3 year survey, roughly a third of them nonbreeders.
American Oystercatcher numbers declined seriously in the 19th century, but recovered substantially during the 20th century. Despite disturbance in beach habitats, in many areas breeding oystercatchers are doing well, often nesting on dredge spoil islands. (Kaufman 1996)
The American Oystercatcher breeds locally along the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts south to Florida and along the Gulf coast south to the Yucatan Peninsula; in the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and Lesser Antilles; along the Pacific coast from central Baja California south to central Chile; and along the Caribbean-Atlantic coast south to south-central Argentina. The primary wintering range extends from Maryland south to southeastern Mexico on the Atlantic-Gulf coast; along the North American Pacific coast from central Baja California south to Honduras, as well as in Costa Rica; and generally in the breeding range in the West Indies and along both coasts of South America. (AOU 1998)
In the 1800s American Oystercatchers bred along the entire Atlantic coast, perhaps as far north as Labrador and certainly as far north as Maine. By the early 1900s, oystercatchers had disappeared from the northern part of their range and Virginia was the most northern nesting location known on the Atlantic coast. Even south of Virginia, where they once were considered abundant, oystercatcher nesting in the early 1900s was rare. This decline was generally attributed to gunners who were hunting spring long distance migrating shorebirds on coastal beaches. Oystercatchers were an easy target and their nests were destroyed. After the passage of the Migratory Treaty Act in 1918, breeding abundance and distribution of oystercatchers on the Atlantic coast increased and they now breed as far north as Nova Scotia, Canada (Sanders et al 2008 and references therein).
The American Oystercatcher is found on rocky and sandy seacoasts and islands and on tidal mudflats (AOU 1998).
Although American Oystercatchers are typically monogamous, with strong pair bonds that often persist for many years, in a dense breeding colony in New York Lauro et al. (1992) found a relatively high rate of communal nesting (one male with two females). This phenomenon appeared to be a direct consequence of the high nesting densities in this colony, resulting in a shortage of high quality territories.
The typical clutch size is 1 to 4 eggs (more for nests with two females). Incubation, which is carried out by both sexes, is 24 to 28 days. Downy young leave the nest shortly after hatching, but both parents continue to help feed young for at least two months. First flight is at about five weeks. (Kaufman 1996)
A study of breeding American Oystercatchers in coastal North Carolina found that all-terrain vehicle traffic was associated with increased rates of trips to and from the nest and reduced time incubating (McGowan and Simons 2006).
According to Wilke et al. (2007), throughout the Chesapeake region oystercatchers are facing threats common to all coastal waterbird and shorebird species, such as predation and overwash events. The threat of habitat loss to development, however, is not as alarming as in other areas of the species’ breeding range due to a significant amount of habitat being either currently protected or unfit for development and recreation purposes. Habitat loss attributed to sea level rise, barrier island dynamics, and the indirect effects of development, such as pollution and contaminants, may play more important roles in the stability of breeding and wintering habitat for the American Oystercatcher in Maryland and Virginia. (Wilke et al. 2007)
Distribucion General: Se reproduce a lo largo de la costa del Caribe desde el noreste de E.U.A., hasta el sur de México, y desde Venezuela hasta Argentina; en la costa del Pacífico desde el noroeste de México hasta la parte central de Chile, y también en las Bahamas y las Antillas. Las poblaciones norteñas inviernan hasta el norte de América del Sur.
Morbig Amerika (Haematopus palliatus) a zo un evn eus kerentiad an Haematopodidae.
Bevañ a ra al labous war aodoù Amerika[1][2].
a vo kavet e Wikimedia Commons.
Morbig Amerika (Haematopus palliatus) a zo un evn eus kerentiad an Haematopodidae.
La garsa de mar americana (Haematopus palliatus) és un ocell de la família dels hematopòdids (Haematopodidae) que habita costes americanes, des de Baixa Califòrnia, cap al sud a la llarga de la costa del Pacífic fins al centre de Xile, illes Galápagos, i per la costa Atlàntica des de Massachusetts, cap al sud fins a Nicaragua, les Antilles i Bahames i des del sud-est de Brasil fins al sud de l'Argentina.
La garsa de mar americana (Haematopus palliatus) és un ocell de la família dels hematopòdids (Haematopodidae) que habita costes americanes, des de Baixa Califòrnia, cap al sud a la llarga de la costa del Pacífic fins al centre de Xile, illes Galápagos, i per la costa Atlàntica des de Massachusetts, cap al sud fins a Nicaragua, les Antilles i Bahames i des del sud-est de Brasil fins al sud de l'Argentina.
Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Pioden fôr America (sy'n enw benywaidd; enw lluosog: piod môr America) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Haematopus palliatus; yr enw Saesneg arno yw American oystercatcher. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Piod môr (Lladin: Haematopodidae) sydd yn urdd y Charadriiformes.[1]
Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn H. palliatus, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.[2] Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yng Ngogledd America.
Mae'r pioden fôr America yn perthyn i deulu'r Piod môr (Lladin: Haematopodidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:
Rhestr Wicidata:
rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd Pioden fôr America Haematopus palliatus Pioden fôr amrywiol Haematopus unicolor
Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Pioden fôr America (sy'n enw benywaidd; enw lluosog: piod môr America) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Haematopus palliatus; yr enw Saesneg arno yw American oystercatcher. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Piod môr (Lladin: Haematopodidae) sydd yn urdd y Charadriiformes.
Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn H. palliatus, sef enw'r rhywogaeth. Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yng Ngogledd America.
Der Braunmantel-Austernfischer (Haematopus palliatus) ist eine Art aus der Familie der Austernfischer. Die Art kommt in Nord-, Zentral- und Südamerika vor. Es werden mehrere Unterarten unterschieden.
Der Südamerikanische Austernfischer erreicht eine Körperlänge von 42 Zentimeter. Die Flügelspannweite beträgt 76 Zentimeter.[1] Es besteht kein sehr auffälliger Sexualdimorphismus, Männchen sind jedoch auf der Körperoberseite etwas dunkler als die Weibchen.
Adulte Südamerikanische Austernfischer haben einen schwarzen Kopf und einen schwarzen Hals. Die Körperoberseite ist bräunlich schwarz. Frisch vermauserte Südamerikanische Austernfischer haben auf dem Mantel hell gesäumte Federn, so dass sie dann insgesamt auf der Körperoberseite etwas heller wirken. Dies verliert sich jedoch bei abgenutzterem Gefieder. Die Körperunterseite ist weiß. Der kräftige und lange Schnabel ist leuchtend orange-rot und hellt bei brütenden Vögeln zu einem Gelbrot auf.
Der Braunmantel-Austernfischer kann mit dem in Eurasien vertretenen Austernfischer verwechselt werden. Dieser hat aber einen deutlich kürzeren Schnabel, der außerdem leuchtender rot ist. Auf der Körperoberseite ist der Austernfischer schwarz und nicht, wie der Braunmantel-Austernfischer, braun. Das Verbreitungsgebiet des Klippen-Austernfischers überlappt sich teilweise mit dem des Braunmantel-Austernfischers. Die zwei Arten sind jedoch leicht auseinanderzuhalten, da der Klippen-Austernfischer ein gänzlich dunkles Gefieder hat.
Der Braunmantel-Austernfischer ist in seiner Lebensweise eng an die Küste gebunden. Er kommt im Osten der Vereinigten Staaten von Neuengland bis nach Florida, der Golfküste und der Karibik vor. Einzelne isolierte Beobachtungen liegen an der Ostküste der Vereinigten Staaten sogar für Neufundland vor. An der Westküste Nordamerikas brütet der Braunmantel-Austernfischer ab Niederkalifornien. Das Verbreitungsgebiet erstreckt sich weiter im Süden entlang der Küste Zentralamerikas bis weit nach Südamerika. Braunmantel-Austernfischer sind überwiegend Standvögel.
Der Braunmantel-Austernfischer frisst überwiegend Muscheln, die er mit seinem großen Schnabel aufbricht. Das Gelege besteht aus zwei bis drei Eiern.
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Der Braunmantel-Austernfischer (Haematopus palliatus) ist eine Art aus der Familie der Austernfischer. Die Art kommt in Nord-, Zentral- und Südamerika vor. Es werden mehrere Unterarten unterschieden.
The American oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus), occasionally called the American pied oystercatcher, or PiruPiru, is a member of family Haematopodidae. Originally called the "sea pie", it was renamed in 1731 when naturalist Mark Catesby observed the bird eating oysters.[2] The current population of American oystercatchers is estimated to be 43,000.[2] There are estimated to be 1,500 breeding pairs along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the US.[3] The bird is marked by its black and white body and a long, thick orange beak.
The American oystercatcher has distinctive black and white plumage and a long, bright orange beak. The head and breast are black and the back, wings and tail greyish-black. The underparts are white, as are feathers on the inner part of the wing which become visible during flight. The irises are yellow and the eyes have orange orbital rings. The legs are pink. Adults are between 42–52 cm (17–20 in) in length.[4]
The American oystercatcher is found on the Atlantic coast of North America from New England to northern Florida, where it is also found on the Gulf coast, the Caribbean, and south to Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. It is found also in the Pacific coast of California, Mexico, Central America, Peru, and Chile.[5] In the 19th century they became locally extinct in the northeast of the United States due to market hunting and egg collecting. After receiving protection under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, their range extended northward to re-occupy historical habitat in New England.
During the breeding season, these birds are found along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts and from Massachusetts south to Argentina and Chile.[6] In winter, they are found in flocks along the coast from central New Jersey to the Gulf of Mexico.[7]
During the breeding season, the American oystercatcher can be found in coastal habitats including sand or shell beaches, dunes, salt marshes, marsh islands, mudflats, and dredge spoil islands made of sand or gravel.[8] During migration and winter, they are found feeding in mud or salt flats that are exposed by the tide. They are also found on shellfish beaches at this time.[8]
Oystercatchers are closely tied to coastal habitats. They nest on beaches on coastal islands and feed on marine invertebrates. The large, heavy beak is used to pry open bivalve mollusks. Oystercatchers raise a clutch of two or three eggs.
The American oystercatcher feeds almost exclusively on shellfish and other marine invertebrates.[8] Oysters are a staple of their diet, as their name suggests, but they also eat mussels, clams, limpets, sea urchins, starfish, crabs, and worms.[8] In general, they use their bills to catch shellfish. As they walk across a shellfish bed, they look for a mollusk with a partially opened shell. When they find one, they jab their bill into the shell and sever the muscle that causes the shell to clamp shut.[8] This can be dangerous, however, as they are sometimes drowned when they don't completely sever this muscle and the shell clamps down on their bill. A strong, tightly rooted mollusk can hold the bird in place until the tide comes in.[8] They also feed by carrying loose shellfish out of the water and hammering at the shell or by probing the sand for soft-shell or razor clams.[8]
American oystercatchers first breed at an age of 3–4 years.[6]
When courting, the birds will walk together and make a single piping note. This progresses to leaning towards each other, extending and lowering the neck, and running alongside each other while calling.[8] The pair may then burst into flight and fly in a tight formation around their territory.[8]
American oystercatchers breed between April and July.[6] Their nests are shallow depressions scraped into the sand by an adult.[9] Breeding adults will make 5 or more of these scrapes, then choose one to line with shells and/or pebbles.[8] These depressions are about 8 inches (20 cm) across and 2.5 inches (6.4 cm) deep.[8] A female oystercatcher lays 2–4 eggs per nest. Each egg is 2.1–2.3 cm (0.83–0.91 in) long and 1.5–1.6 cm (0.59–0.63 in) wide. The eggs are gray and speckled with dark brown.[8]
Although the eggs are well camouflaged, they are vulnerable to predation by raccoons, coyotes, skunks, gulls, crows, rats, and foxes.[2]
Both parents will alternate incubating the eggs for 25 to 27 days.[9]
One parent tending eggs Cape May Point State Park, USA
20 minutes later, its mate assumes incubation duties.
When born, the chicks are covered in tan down[8] and can run within 2 hours of hatching.[2] They are considered semi-precocial young as they can leave the nest soon after hatching but still rely on their parents for food.[3] Chicks will fledge at about 35 days old[9] After fledging, chicks still rely on their parents for food[3] as it takes up to 60 days for the beak to become strong enough to pry open mollusks.[2] During this time, care of the chicks is evenly divided by the parents.[3]
Historically, the American oystercatcher was hunted to near extinction in the 19th century for plumage and eggs.[2] They have recovered significantly since the passage of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in 1918.[2] The IUCN lists this species as being of "Least Concern". The reasons given are that the bird has a very wide range and that the total number of individuals is believed to be stable, and actually increasing in the case of the United States.[1] Nevertheless, in some states American oystercatchers are listed as a species of concern because of low and declining populations. The North American population of American oystercatchers was listed on the 2014 State of the Birds Watch List.[2] Although not listed as a federally threatened or endangered species, it is vulnerable to loss of habitat due to development on the coasts[6] and sea level rise.[2] These birds are also threatened by pollution, disease, and invasive species which can impact food availability.[2]
_in_flight.jpg)
In flight in western Florida
Nesting on Santiago Island, Galápagos Islands
Two standing near their eggs in a nest on the Atlantic coast, New Jersey, USA
Eggs
The American oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus), occasionally called the American pied oystercatcher, or PiruPiru, is a member of family Haematopodidae. Originally called the "sea pie", it was renamed in 1731 when naturalist Mark Catesby observed the bird eating oysters. The current population of American oystercatchers is estimated to be 43,000. There are estimated to be 1,500 breeding pairs along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the US. The bird is marked by its black and white body and a long, thick orange beak.
La Amerika hematopo (Haematopus palliatus) estas birda specio membro de la familio de Hematopedoj en ordo de Ĥaradrioformaj.
La Amerika hematopo troviĝas en la Atlantika marbordo ekde Novanglio en Usono ĝis Patagonio sude kaj en la Pacifika marbordo ekde Kalifornio ĝis suda Ĉilio. Komence de la 19a jarcento malaperis de lokaj bredejoj en nordorienta Usono, sed post ekprotektado reaperis en tiuj lokoj.
La Amerika hematopo rilatas rekte al marbordaj medioj. Ili nestumas kaj en strandoj kaj en marbordaj insuloj kaj manĝas ĉefe marajn senvertebrulojn: krabojn, vermojn, ostrojn, foje fiŝetojn. La larĝa, fortika beko estas uzata por malfermi moluskojn.
Tiu birdo estas markita de sia nigroblanka korpo kaj longa maldika ruĝoranĝa beko. Tiu vadbirdo estas ĉirkaŭ 42 - 52 cm longa. Ili estas markitaj de nigroblanka plumaro, flavaj okuloj -kun ruĝoranĝkolora ringo-, rozkoloraj kruroj kaj ruĝa beko -iom oranĝokolora-. Pli specife ili havas nigrajn kapon, kolon, bruston, pli grizan aŭ brunan dorson kaj blankajn subajn partojn kaj flankajn partojn inter brusto kaj dorso. Dumfluge estas videblaj nigraj partoj, nigraj flugiloj kun blanka meza strio. De sube videblas klare nigre kapo kaj kolo, ruĝege beko kaj okuloj kaj la tuta suba parto blankege.
La Amerika hematopo povas esti konfuzita kun la Magelana hematopo, Haematopus leucopodus, kiu loĝas pli sude, sed povas supreniri dum la Amerika hematopo povas malsupreniri kaj ambaŭ povas koincidi ĉe Ĉiloé kaj golfo de Ankud. La unua diferenciĝo markita estas la pli bruna dorso de la Amerika hematopo dum tiu de la Magelana hematopo estus pli nigra. Tamen foje povus esti malfacile konstati ĉu temas pri malhelbruna aŭ helnigra.
Dua diferenciĝo estas la ĉirkaŭokula ringo, kiu estas ruĝoranĝa en la Amerika hematopo kaj flava en la Magelana hematopo, Haematopus leucopodus. Tria diferenciĝo estas konstantebla nur dumfluge. Amerika hematopo havas mezan blankan strion en supra parto de flugiloj, dum en la Magelana hematopo, tiu blanka parto estas pli granda kaj ne kiel strio sed kiel trianglo kiu okupas ankaŭ la malantaŭan parton de flugilo.
Hematopoj demetas du aŭ tri ovojn. Ambaŭ gepatroj kovas dum 24-27 tagoj kaj zorgas la idojn dum 34-37 tagoj.
Vintre ili ariĝas laŭlonge de marbordo. Ili estas sociaj popare aŭ poare.
Ili manĝas marajn senvertebrulojn: krabojn, vermojn, ostrojn, foje fiŝetojn. La larĝa, fortika beko estas uzata por malfermi moluskojn.
Ili bruemas per laŭta pepado uiii kaj dum ekflugo iu pirip-pirip.
Kvankam loĝantaroj de Amerika hematopo en Usono estas malmultnombraj, la specio ne estas protektata de speciala statuso. Ĝi estas nur listata kiel specio malpliigata de minacoj, kiel ĝenerala disvolviĝo kaj distra uzado de bredejaj strandoj.
La Amerika hematopo (Haematopus palliatus) estas birda specio membro de la familio de Hematopedoj en ordo de Ĥaradrioformaj.
El ostrero común americano u ostrero pío americano[2] (Haematopus palliatus), también llamado pilpilén,[3] es una especie de ave Charadriiforme de la familia Haematopodidae que habita desde las costas de América del Sur y América Central hasta las de América del Norte, desde México y las costas norteamericanas atlánticas de Florida hasta Nueva Inglaterra.
Sus ojos son amarillos con borde rojo. Su cabeza es toda negra y el manto lo tiene de color marrón oscuro. El pecho es blanco y presenta una entrada blanca sobre el ala. Cuando vuela muestra una banda blanca en las secundarias. La cola la tiene marrón oscuro con blanco en la base.
El pico es largo y rojo anaranjado y achatado por los costados. Las patas son de color rosado claro.
Vive en las playas arenosas y lodosas del Pacífico en el continente Americano, donde se alimenta de ostras que abre con su pico y de invertebrados marinos.
Se alimenta de ostras y otros invertebrados marinos cuando la marea baja, descansando en las mareas altas. Suele dormir cerca a bandadas de gaviotas pero manteniendo su distancia. Sus nidos son simples depresiones en playas arenosas. Sus huevos manchados se mimetizan muy bien en la arena gris.
Se conocen dos subespecies de Haematopus palliatus:[4]
El ostrero común americano u ostrero pío americano (Haematopus palliatus), también llamado pilpilén, es una especie de ave Charadriiforme de la familia Haematopodidae que habita desde las costas de América del Sur y América Central hasta las de América del Norte, desde México y las costas norteamericanas atlánticas de Florida hasta Nueva Inglaterra.
Haematopus palliatus Haematopus generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Haematopodidae familian sailkatua dago.
Haematopus palliatus Haematopus generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Haematopodidae familian sailkatua dago.
Amerikanmeriharakka (Haematopus palliatus) on amerikkalainen kahlaajalintu. Sen esiintymisalue käsittää Amerikan rannikot, lännessä Kalifornianlahdelta Chilen keskiosiin, ja idässä Massachusettsista Argentiinan eteläosiin, mukaan lukien Länsi-Intian saariston. Alalaji galapagensis elää Galápagossaarilla. Lajin holotyypin kuvaili Coenraad Jacob Temminck Venezuelasta vuonna 1820.[2]
Amerikanmeriharakka (Haematopus palliatus) on amerikkalainen kahlaajalintu. Sen esiintymisalue käsittää Amerikan rannikot, lännessä Kalifornianlahdelta Chilen keskiosiin, ja idässä Massachusettsista Argentiinan eteläosiin, mukaan lukien Länsi-Intian saariston. Alalaji galapagensis elää Galápagossaarilla. Lajin holotyypin kuvaili Coenraad Jacob Temminck Venezuelasta vuonna 1820.
Haematopus palliatus
L'Huîtrier d'Amérique (Haematopus palliatus) est une espèce d'oiseaux limicoles de la famille des Haematopodidae.
Cette espèce est caractérisée par un plumage noir et blanc et par un long et épais bec orange. Il mesure de 42 à 52 centimètres de long. On le confond souvent avec l'Huîtrier de Garnot (Haematopus leucopodus) ; la reconnaissance se fera par le contour des yeux. Chez l'Huitrier de Garnot, le contour est jaune prononcé ; chez l'Huîtrier d'Amérique, le contour est rouge prononcé.
On trouve l’Huîtrier d’Amérique sur la côte atlantique, de la Nouvelle-Angleterre jusqu’au Honduras, du Costa Rica au Venezuela, et du Brésil à l'Argentine. On le trouve aussi sur la côte Pacifique de Californie, du Mexique, d'Amérique Centrale, du Pérou et du Chili[1]. Dans les années 1800, cette espèce avait disparu du nord-est de son aire de répartition à cause de la chasse et de la récolte des œufs. Après avoir été protégée par la Loi sur la convention concernant les oiseaux migrateurs, elle a étendu son aire de répartition vers le nord et réoccupé son habitat historique en Nouvelle-Angleterre.
Les huîtriers sont étroitement liés aux habitats côtiers. Ils nichent sur les plages des îles côtières et se nourrissent d'invertébrés marins. Leur long bec épais est utilisé pour ouvrir (en faisant effet de levier) les mollusques bivalves. Les huîtriers pondent de 2 à 3 œufs. En hiver, ils se regroupent sur les côtes à partir du centre du New Jersey jusqu’au Golfe du Mexique.
Bien que les populations d’huîtriers soient faibles, cette espèce n’est pas protégée par le Endangered Species Act of 1973 des États-Unis. L’Huîtrier d’Amérique est cependant sur la liste des espèces préoccupantes de plusieurs états américains à cause de faibles populations en déclin et des menaces pour les habitats côtiers. Les menaces incluent le développement et l’utilisation récréative des plages servant à la nidification.
D'après Alan P. Peterson, cette espèce est constituée des deux sous-espèces suivantes :
Haematopus palliatus
L'Huîtrier d'Amérique (Haematopus palliatus) est une espèce d'oiseaux limicoles de la famille des Haematopodidae.
La beccaccia di mare americana (Haematopus palliatus Temminck, 1820) è un uccello della famiglia Haematopodidae.[2]
Questo uccello vive sulle coste atlantiche del Nordamerica, dal New England alla Florida, lungo le coste del Golfo del Messico e su molte isole dei Caraibi (Cuba, Bahamas, Antille Olandesi, etc.). A sud della California diventa presente anche sulla sponda pacifica, spingendosi così in Sudamerica, dalla Colombia e dal Venezuela, fino all'Argentina e al Cile. È di passo in alcune isole caraibiche come la Giamaica.
Haematopus palliatus ha due sottospecie:[2]
La beccaccia di mare americana (Haematopus palliatus Temminck, 1820) è un uccello della famiglia Haematopodidae.
De Amerikaanse bonte scholekster (Haematopus palliatus) is een vogel uit de familie van scholeksters (Haematopodidae).
Deze soort komt wijdverspreid voor langs de Amerikaanse kusten en telt 2 ondersoorten:
De Amerikaanse bonte scholekster (Haematopus palliatus) is een vogel uit de familie van scholeksters (Haematopodidae).
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons 
Hasło w Wikisłowniku 
Ostrygojad brunatny (Haematopus palliatus) – gatunek średniego ptaka brodzącego z rodziny ostrygojadów (Haematopodidae), zamieszkujący wybrzeża obu Ameryk, w tym wyspy Karaibów[2]. W Ameryce Północnej północna granica jego zasięgu przebiega przy granicy USA z Kanadą.
Ostrygojad brunatny w Texas City (Teksas) Ostrygojad brunatny (Haematopus palliatus) – gatunek średniego ptaka brodzącego z rodziny ostrygojadów (Haematopodidae), zamieszkujący wybrzeża obu Ameryk, w tym wyspy Karaibów. W Ameryce Północnej północna granica jego zasięgu przebiega przy granicy USA z Kanadą.
O pirupiru (Haematopus palliatus) é uma ave charadriiforme da família Haematopodidae com distribuição no litoral das Américas. No litoral atlântico, é encontrado desde a Nova Inglaterra até Honduras, desde a Costa Rica até a Venezuela, e desde o Brasil até a Argentina; no litoral pacífico, nidifica na Califórnia, no México, na América Central, no Peru e no Chile.[1] Alimenta-se de animais como cracas e gastrópodes, usando seu bico como um alicate. Tal ave chega a medir até 46 cm de comprimento, com a cabeça e pescoço negros, dorso pardo-escuro, partes inferiores brancas, íris amarela, bico e pálpebras vermelhos e longas pernas rosadas. Também é conhecida pelos nomes de baiacu, baiagu, batuíra-do-mar-grosso, bejagüi, bejaqui, cancã-da-praia, ostraceiro-pirupiru e ostreiro.
São reconhecidas duas subespécies:[2]
O pirupiru (Haematopus palliatus) é uma ave charadriiforme da família Haematopodidae com distribuição no litoral das Américas. No litoral atlântico, é encontrado desde a Nova Inglaterra até Honduras, desde a Costa Rica até a Venezuela, e desde o Brasil até a Argentina; no litoral pacífico, nidifica na Califórnia, no México, na América Central, no Peru e no Chile. Alimenta-se de animais como cracas e gastrópodes, usando seu bico como um alicate. Tal ave chega a medir até 46 cm de comprimento, com a cabeça e pescoço negros, dorso pardo-escuro, partes inferiores brancas, íris amarela, bico e pálpebras vermelhos e longas pernas rosadas. Também é conhecida pelos nomes de baiacu, baiagu, batuíra-do-mar-grosso, bejagüi, bejaqui, cancã-da-praia, ostraceiro-pirupiru e ostreiro.
Amerikansk strandskata[2] (Haematopus palliatus) är en fågel i familjen strandskator inom ordningen vadarfåglar.[3]
Amerikansk strandskata delas in i två underarter:[3]
Vissa urskiljer från nominatformen även underarterna pitanay i västra Sydamerika från Ecuador till sydcentrala Chile och durnfordi i östra Sydamerika från södra Brasilien till sydcentrala Argentina.[4]
Tidigare urskildes även underarten frazari med förekomst i västra Mexiko och vissa gör det fortfarande,[4] men denna population tros numera utgöra en hybridsvärm mellan amerikansk strandskata och klippstrandskata (H. bachmani).
Arten har ett stort utbredningsområde och en stor population med stabil utveckling.[1] Utifrån dessa kriterier kategoriserar IUCN arten som livskraftig (LC).[1]
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Wikimedia Commons har media som rör amerikansk strandskata.
Wikispecies har information om Haematopus palliatus.
Amerikansk strandskata (Haematopus palliatus) är en fågel i familjen strandskator inom ordningen vadarfåglar.
Chim mò ốc Mỹ (danh pháp hai phần: Haematopus palliatus) là một loài chim trong họ Haematopodidae. Loài chim này có lông thân màu đen và trắng và mỏ màu cam dày và dài. Loài chim này dài khoảng 42 – 52 cm. Loài này có ở bờ biển Đại Tây Dương của Bắc Mỹ từ New England đến bắc Florida, nơi nó cũng được tìm thấy ở vịnh Mexico, và phía nam đến bắc Nam Mỹ. Nó cũng được tìm thấy ở bờ Thái Bình Dương của México, Trung Mỹ và miền bắc Nam Mỹ. Trong thế kỷ 19, chúng đã trở thành tuyệt chủng cục bộ ở phía đông bắc do hoạt động săn bắn phục vụ thị trường và nhặt trứng. Sau khi nhận được bảo hộ theo Đạo luật hiệp ước chim di cư, phạm vi phân bố của chúng mở rộng về phía Bắc để tái chiếm lĩnh môi trường sống lịch sử ở New England.
Chim mò sò Mỹ gắn chặt với môi trường sống ven biển. Chúng làm tổ trên các bãi biển trên các đảo ven biển và ăn động vật không xương sống biển. Mỏ nặng lớn, được sử dụng để dò vỏ ốc mở của động vật thân mềm. Chim mò sò Mỹ đẻ một tổ hai hoặc ba quả trứng. Vào mùa đông, chúng được tìm thấy trong đàn dọc theo bờ biển từ trung tâm New Jersey đến vịnh Mexico.
Đan bay ở Tây Florida
Hai con đứng gần trứng ở một tổ ở bờ Đại Tây Dương, New Jersey, Hoa Kỳ
Một cặp đứng canh trứng của chúng ở Cape Lookout Bight, NC
Bài viết Bộ Choi choi này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. 
Texas City, Texas Chim mò ốc Mỹ (danh pháp hai phần: Haematopus palliatus) là một loài chim trong họ Haematopodidae. Loài chim này có lông thân màu đen và trắng và mỏ màu cam dày và dài. Loài chim này dài khoảng 42 – 52 cm. Loài này có ở bờ biển Đại Tây Dương của Bắc Mỹ từ New England đến bắc Florida, nơi nó cũng được tìm thấy ở vịnh Mexico, và phía nam đến bắc Nam Mỹ. Nó cũng được tìm thấy ở bờ Thái Bình Dương của México, Trung Mỹ và miền bắc Nam Mỹ. Trong thế kỷ 19, chúng đã trở thành tuyệt chủng cục bộ ở phía đông bắc do hoạt động săn bắn phục vụ thị trường và nhặt trứng. Sau khi nhận được bảo hộ theo Đạo luật hiệp ước chim di cư, phạm vi phân bố của chúng mở rộng về phía Bắc để tái chiếm lĩnh môi trường sống lịch sử ở New England.
Chim mò sò Mỹ gắn chặt với môi trường sống ven biển. Chúng làm tổ trên các bãi biển trên các đảo ven biển và ăn động vật không xương sống biển. Mỏ nặng lớn, được sử dụng để dò vỏ ốc mở của động vật thân mềm. Chim mò sò Mỹ đẻ một tổ hai hoặc ba quả trứng. Vào mùa đông, chúng được tìm thấy trong đàn dọc theo bờ biển từ trung tâm New Jersey đến vịnh Mexico.
分類 界 : 動物界 Animalia 門 : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata 綱 : 鳥綱 Aves 目 : チドリ目 Charadriiformes 科 : ミヤコドリ科 Haematopodidae 属 : ミヤコドリ属 Haematopus 種 : アメリカミヤコドリ H. palliatus 学名 Haematopus palliatusアメリカミヤコドリ （アメリカ都鳥、学名：Haematopus palliatus）は、チドリ目ミヤコドリ科に分類される鳥類。
北アメリカ大陸、南アメリカ大陸の沿岸および島嶼、西インド諸島、ガラパゴス諸島。[1]
クレメンツでは2亜種に分類される。
全長40-44cm、翼長23.2-27.5cm、嘴長6.4-9.5cm、跗蹠長4.9-6.8cm、尾長9.0-11.2cm[2]。成鳥は全体として白黒で、長くて厚い橙赤色のくちばしを持つ。頭部と頸部および翼は黒く、飛翔時には白色の翼帯と尾の上面に白帯がでる。背は褐色。腹や翼下面は白色。虹彩は黄色で、橙赤色のアイリングがある。足は淡桃色。若鳥はくちばしが桃褐色で先が暗色。虹彩は褐色をおび、アイリングは狭く赤みが鈍い。足は鈍い灰色をおびる。[2]
この項目は、鳥類に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（ポータル鳥類 - PJ鳥類）。
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