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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 28 years
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Brief Summary ( Inglês )

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The colonially nesting Roseate Spoonbill (Platalea ajaja) is a medium-sized, pink-bodied, ibis-like bird with a flat spatula-shaped bill. These birds are found in the southeastern United States and West Indies through Mexico and Central America to South America, where they are distributed south to northern Argentina east of the Andes and in western Ecuador and northwestern Peru west of the Andes. They are uncommon to locally common throughout their extensive range. Throughout much of their range, the species is apparently declining as a result of habitat alteration, hunting, and pollution. In the United States, Roseate Spoonbills were common along the Gulf Coast in the early 19th Century, but were almost exterminated in the 1930s by intense persecution and destruction of wading bird colonies for the plume trade starting in the 1880s. They were legally protected in the 1940s, after which populations recovered somewhat, but declines apparently followed later in the 20th century as a consequence of mosquito control programs and alteration of breeding and feeding habitats. These highly gregarious waders feed by sweeping the bill side to side, often sifting through mud as they walk through shallow water. Their diet includes small fishes and aquatic invetebrates, as well as some plant material. They are found in coastal marshes, lagoons, mudflats, and mangrove keys, foraging in both salt and fresh water. Flocks typically include fewer than half a dozen individuals, but they are often associated with other wading birds as well. In courtship, male and female spoonbills first interact aggressively, then perch close together, presenting sticks to each other and crossing and clasping bills. They typically nest in mangroves or other trees and shrubs 5 to 15 feet above ground or water, but sometimes nest on the ground. The nest, a bulky platform of sticks with a deep twig- and leaf-lined center, is built mainly by the female with material brought by the male, Clutch size is 2 to 3 eggs, (range 1 to 5). The white eggs are spotted with brown. Eggs are incubated (by both sexes) for 22 to 24 days. Both parents feed the young. Young may leave the nest after 5 to 6 weeks and are capable of strong flight at around 7 to 8 weeks. .Roseate Spoonbils are mostly silent, but make a soft froglike croak when disturbed. (Matheu and del Hoyo 1992; Kaufman 1996; AOU 1998; Dunne 2006)
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Brief Summary ( Inglês )

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The colonially nesting Roseate Spoonbill (Platalea ajaja) is a medium-sized, pink-bodied, ibis-like bird with a flat spatula-shaped bill. These birds are found in the southeastern United States and West Indies through Mexico and Central America to South America, where they are distributed south to northern Argentina east of the Andes and western Ecuador and northwestern Peru west of the Andes. They are uncommon to locally common throughout their extensive range. Throughout much of their range, the species is apparently declining as a result of habitat alteration, hunting, and pollution. In the United States, Roseate Spoonbills were common along the Gulf Coast in the early 19th Century, but were almost exterminated in the 1930s by intense persecution and destruction of wading bird colonies for the plume trade starting in the 1880s. They were legally protected in the 1940s, after which populations recovered somewhat, but declines apparently followed later in the 20th century as a consequence of mosquito control programs and alteration of breeding and feeding habitats. These highly gregarious waders often feed by sweeping the bill side to side, sifting through mud as they walk through shallow water. Their diet includes small fishes and aquatic invertebrates, as well as some plant material. They are found in coastal marshes, lagoons, mudflats, and mangrove keys, foraging in both salt and fresh water. Flocks typically include fewer than half a dozen individuals, but they are often associated with other wading birds as well. In courtship, male and female spoonbills first interact aggressively, then perch close together, presenting sticks to each other and crossing and clasping bills. They typically nest in mangroves or other trees and shrubs 5 to 15 feet above ground or water, but sometimes nest on the ground. The nest, a bulky platform of sticks with a deep twig- and leaf-lined center, is built mainly by the female with material brought by the male. Clutch size is 2 to 3 eggs (range 1 to 5). The white eggs are spotted with brown. Eggs are incubated (by both sexes) for 22 to 24 days. Both parents feed the young. Young may leave the nest after 5 to 6 weeks and are capable of strong flight at around 7 to 8 weeks. Roseate Spoonbills are mostly silent, but make a soft frog-like croak when disturbed. (Matheu and del Hoyo 1992; Kaufman 1996; AOU 1998; Dunne 2006)
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Behavior ( Inglês )

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The behavior of roseate spoonbills is not well documented. There is very little quantitative information and what is documented is not well understood (Dumas 2000). Some breeding behaviors have appeared similar to that of other spoonbills, but further research into the behavior of roseate spoonbills and taxonomic relationships between spoonbills needs to be done (Dumas 2000).

Roseate spoonbills forage using tacto-location to locate food while wading through shallow, muddy waters (Dumas 2000; National Audubon Society 2014). In the early mornings and evenings, they slowly walk with their bill partially submerged, swinging it side to side, to sift out food from mud and water (Smithsonian n.d.; National Audubon Society 2014). The mandible contains nerve endings that snap the jaw shut as prey comes into contact with it (ARKive n.d.). Catching prey by feeling, roseate spoonbills are able to forage without light, and thus their eye structure is not highly developed (Rojas et al. 1999). Roseate spoonbills eat smaller prey. This includes fish such as minnows and killifish; crustaceans such as shrimp, crayfish, and crabs; aquatic insects; mollusks; slugs; and plant material such as roots and stems (National Audubon Society 2014). If needed, roseate spoonbills may beat prey against a hard surface to aid in digestion (ARKive n.d.).

Roseate spoonbills preen using their bill to nibble and run down the length of each feather, starting with their lower neck and down to their breast and abdomen (Dumas 2000). They clean their bill by dipping the tip in the water and then shaking their head to dry the bill (Dumas 2000). Sleeping occurs communally with the roseate spoonbills standing on one leg, with their head turned backward underneath feathers in their upper back (Dumas 2000).

Members within a flock have been seen having a sham battle (Dumas 2000). This interaction does not harm either fighter, and it is unknown why this behavior is done. In the sham battle, two birds fly at each other, and may rise about a meter off the ground as they beat their wings (Dumas 2000).

When faced with a threat, roseate spoonbills alert conspecifics by standing tall with their neck outstretched and head held high (Dumas 2000). An alarm call may come in addition with this stance to call further attention to the threat. When fighting a threat, they hold the axis of their body parallel to the ground with their head lowered, neck outstretched, and wings raised above their body (Dumas 2000). Striking with their bill may result if the threat is intensified. One threat that causes this kind of behavior includes territorial defense against an encroaching member of an outside flock (Dumas 2000).

Courtship for roseate spoonbills involves ritualized exchanges of nest material such as sticks and twigs from the male to the female to attract her and help her build a deeply cupped nest in vegetation above a water source (Smithsonian n.d.; TPWD n.d.). Males may head-bob and shake the stick as they deliver nesting materials to a female (Dumas 2000). Females have been seen to beg for nesting materials with a bowing display (Dumas 2000). During courtship, the male and female first interact aggressively toward one another, but then proceed to perch close together with their bills crossed as the female begins to act submissively (Dumas 2000; National Audubon Society 2014). During the mating season, roseate spoonbills stay monogamous to their partner and both help to feed and take care of young (TPWD n.d.; National Audubon Society 2014). However, there is no evidence that mates stay together for multiple breeding seasons, suggesting that roseate spoonbills are seasonally monogamous (ARKive n.d.). Only males have been seen to use defense mechanisms to defend a wide territory around his nesting site (ARKive n.d.; Prairie Research Institute n.d.). Defense mechanisms may include a threat posture and chasing other spoonbills (Dumas 2000). Males will give up their territory rather than fight if threatened by other species (Dumas 2000). Females will only defend the actual nest (Dumas 2000).

In addition to mating displays, some displays are performed by the whole flock including up-flights and sky-gazing (Prairie Research Institute n.d.; Dumas 2000). Up-flights occur after the flock performs an erect posture and then flies up and circles around their territory (National Audubon Society 2014). Sky-gazing occurs when another spoonbill is seen flying and individuals in the flock extend their neck and point their bill to the flying bird (Dumas 2000). Neither of these group displays are well understood, but have been observed numerous times.

Referências

  • Dumas, J. V. 2000. Roseate spoonbill. The Birds of North America. Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
  • Platalea ajaja. National Audubon Society. 2014.
  • Rojas, L.M., R. McNeil, T. Cabana, and P. Lachapelle. 1999. Behavioral, morphological and physiological correlates of diurnal and nocturnal vision in selected wading bird species. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 53:227-242.
  • Roseate spoonbill (Platalea ajaja). ARKive. 10 April 2016.
  • Roseate spoonbill (Platalea ajaja). Illinois Natural History Survey. Prairie Research Institute.
  • Roseate spoonbill. Smithsonian National Zoological Park. 10 April 2016.

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Distribution ( Inglês )

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The roseate spoonbill has an incredibly large distribution across the Americas, with its residential, or non-breeding, range spanning Argentina and Chile northward to the Texas Gulf Coast and Florida (Huey and Dronen, 1981; IUCN, 2001). There has never been a sighting outside of the Americas (Dumas, 2000). Many spoonbills are year-round residents of their respective areas, but some do tend to disperse before and after breeding season (Dumas, 2000; IUCN, 2001).

After breeding season, spoonbills in the U.S. disperse across Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas, making occasional stops in Alabama and Mississippi for the summer and fall (Dumas, 2000). Some spoonbills have even been reported as far north as Nebraska, Pennsylvania, Utah, Illinois, and Wisconsin (Allen, 1942; Lewis, 1983; FNAI, 2001). Although spoonbills are often residents in Florida, Texas, and Louisiana, there are fewer individuals present in the non-breeding season (Lewis, 1983). In the winter, U.S. populations are restricted to the southernmost regions of the Gulf Coast, primarily in south Florida, southwest Louisiana, and coastal Texas (Dumas, 2000). Spoonbills are also relatively common in the islands of the Caribbean, except for the Lesser Antilles (FNAI, 2001). There is little information on post-breeding dispersal outside of the U.S. and Central America, especially in South America (Dumas, 2000). Some think, however, that many roseate spoonbills migrate to Central and South America to avoid the cold climate (TPWD, n.d.; Howell and Webb, 1995). Although their entire range is poorly documented in South America, spoonbills are known to inhabit some portion of each South American country at some time of year (Dumas, 2000; IUCN, 2001). Unlike the spoonbills of the U.S., the spoonbills in South America tend to prefer living and nesting inland around fresh water (Dumas, 2000). Because little is known about the dispersal dynamics of different populations, some believe the South American populations are distinct from the resident populations in the USA and Central America (Dumas, 2000).

As for breeding range, in the U.S., the roseate spoonbill breeds along the coasts of Texas, Louisiana, and southern Florida. Outside of the U.S., spoonbills only seem to breed along the coasts of Mexico and Central American countries, although this is not well documented (Howell and Webb, 1995). Little information on breeding range is available in Central and South America (Dumas, 2000).

The International Union for the Conservation of Nature, or IUCN, keeps a complete record of which countries spoonbills are native and/or vagrant to, as listed below (IUCN, 2001):

Native:

Antigua and Barbuda; Argentina; Aruba; Bahamas; Barbados; Belize; Bolivia; Brazil; Cayman Islands; Chile; Colombia; Costa Rica; Cuba; Dominica; Dominican Republic; Ecuador; El Salvador; French Guiana; Guatemala; Guyana; Haiti; Honduras; Martinique; Mexico; Montserrat; Nicaragua; Panama; Paraguay; Peru; Puerto Rico; Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Lucia; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Suriname; Trinidad and Tobago; Turks and Caicos Islands; United States; Uruguay; Venezuela

Vagrant:

Falkland Islands (Malvinas); Grenada; Guadeloupe; Jamaica; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; British Virgin Islands; US Virgin Islands

Referências

  • Allen, R. P. 1942. The Roseate Spoonbill. National Audubon Society.
  • BirdLife International. 2012. Platalea ajaja (Roseate Spoonbill). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. -IUCN.
  • Dumas, J. V. 2000. Roseate spoonbill. (A. Poole, ed.) The Birds of North America. Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
  • Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI). 2001. Roseate spoonbill (Platalea ajaja). Field Guide to the Rare Animals of Florida.
  • Howell, S. N. G. and S. Webb. 1995. A guide to the birds of Mexico and northern Central America. Oxford University Press.
  • Huey, R., and N. Dronen. 1981. Nematode and Cestode Parasites from the Roseate Spoonbill, Ajaia ajaja, including Paradilepis diminuta sp. n. (Cestoda: Dilepididae). The Journal of Parasitology 67:721–723. doi:10.2307/3280450
  • Lewis, J.C. 1983. Habitat suitability index models: roseate spoonbill. U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service.
  • Texas Parks & Wildlife (TPWD). N.d. Roseate Spoonbill (Platalea ajaja). Wildlife Fact Sheets.

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Habitat ( Inglês )

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Roseate spoonbills are aquatic wading birds with two distinct habitats: 1) feeding habitat, and 2) nesting and roosting habitat. Their preferred feeding habitat is shallow water with a muddy substrate bottom (National Audubon Society, 2014). Since spoonbills use their elongate bill to sift through the mud for food and their ability to lean in is dictated by their height, the water must be shallow for them to successfully forage. The spoonbills’ tarsus, or lower leg, is typically 4.2 to 4.8 inches long, meaning that their preferred water depth is equal to or less than 4.7 inches, on average. When absolutely necessary, spoonbills will occasionally feed in deeper water, where their breast feathers and heads are fully immersed (Allen, 1942; Harrison, 1975; Lewis, 1983). Spoonbills do not seem to be directly affected by salinity and will forage in a variety of hypersaline, marine, brackish, and freshwater habitats (Terres, 1980; Dumas, 2000; FNAI, 2001). Some specific locations include coastal bays, estuaries, lagoons, sea grass meadows, marsh, wet prairies, swamps, canals, tidal mudflats, tidal pools, sloughs, lakes, ponds, river drainages, mosquito control impoundments, catfish and crayfish ponds at farms, cattle ponds, and roadside ditches and puddles. (Allen, 1942; Terres, 1980; Dumas, 2000; Britto and Bugoni, 2014; National Audubon Society, 2014). One study in Florida found that spoonbills seem to prefer freshwater in some areas, which may be related to a limited ability to deal with hyperosmotic prey (Britto and Bugoni, 2014).

In attempt to stay far from potential disturbances and predators, spoonbills primarily nest and roost on islands, islets, or keys, in dense vegetation above ground or standing water (Lewis, 1983; Dumas, 2000). Although less preferable, spoonbills will also nest in shrub and forest wetlands on the mainland and occasionally in upland habitats farther inland (Lewis, 1983; Dumas, 2000). One study from Texas even noted spoonbills nesting directly on the ground (Dumas, 2000; National Audubon Society, 2014). Spoonbills do not require unique nesting habitat and are, in fact, known to nest in mixed-species colonies, so long as they are near suitable foraging habitat (FNAI. 2001; National Audubon Society, 2014). No specific vegetation assemblage is essential, as spoonbills will construct their nests atop any low vegetation, trees, or shrubs with plant material that is abundant in the nesting location or nearby shoreline (White and Cromartie, 1982). Some studies have documented the different tree and shrub species spoonbills frequent for nesting, which include mangroves (Rhizophora spp. and Avicennia spp.), desert hackberry (Celtis pallida), marsh elder (Iva frutescens), bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), elderberry (Sambucus canadensis), sugar hackberry (Celtis laevigata), and willow oak (Quercus phellos) (Allen, 1942; White and Cromartie, 1982; Lewis, 1983). As far as nest placement, spoonbills construct their nests on horizontal branches, five to fifteen feet above ground or water, on average (Allen, 1942; Lewis, 1983; National Audubon Society, 2014). The highest spoonbill nest recorded measured 98 feet above the ground (Lewis, 1983).

Although spoonbills require different habitat for feeding and nesting, there are no specific habitat requirements for mating. Spoonbills breed throughout their range in a variety of marine, brackish, and freshwater habitats. This includes habitats along the coast in bays/ estuaries, marshes, and beaches, as well as inland in forested swamps, rivers, lakes, and wet prairies (Terres, 1980; Dumas, 2000).

Some of the management practices necessary for maintaining preferable habitat for roseate spoonbills include—maintaining undisturbed/undeveloped areas, riparian habitat, and nature preserves; restricting human disturbance during migration, breeding, and nesting; controlling pollution in aquatic habitats; protecting existing wetlands and restoring degraded wetlands; prohibiting hunting; and providing protection from predators (Allen, 1942).

Referências

  • -Allen, R. P. 1942. The Roseate Spoonbill. National Audubon Society.
  • -Britto, V., and L. Bugoni. 2014. The contrasting feeding ecology of great egrets and roseate spoonbills in limnetic and estuarine colonies. Hydrobiologia 744:187–210. doi: 10.1007/s10750-014-2076-1.
  • -Dumas, J. V. 2000. Roseate spoonbill. (A. Poole, ed.) The Birds of North America. Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
  • -Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI). 2001. Roseate spoonbill (Platalea ajaja). Field Guide to the Rare Animals of Florida.
  • -Harrison, H. H. 1975. Field guide to birds' nests. Houghton-Mifflin, Boston.
  • -Lewis, J.C. 1983. Habitat suitability index models: roseate spoonbill. U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service.
  • -National Audubon Society. 2014. Roseate spoonbill (Platalea ajaja). Field Guide.
  • -Terres, J. K. 1980. The Audubon Society: Encyclopedia of North American Birds. Knopf, New York.
  • -White, C. Mitchell, and E. Cromartie. 1982. Nesting Ecology of Roseate Spoonbills at Nueces Bay, Texas. The American Ornithologists' Union 99:275–284.

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Management ( Inglês )

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According to the IUCN, the Roseate Spoonbill conservation status is currently of “least concern,” meaning that it is in no imminent danger of extinction (IUCN, 2001). However, the species should still be protected and subject to a strict management plan. Perhaps the most important conservation problem for this species is the degradation and destruction of coastal foraging and nesting habitat (Dumas, 2000). In the late 1800s, hunting for the feather trade decimated the roseate spoonbill population. Although hunting is not currently an issue, hunting should continue to be prohibited (TPWD, n.d.; Dumas, 2000). One major step toward protecting roseate spoonbills was the US Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, which now prohibits the taking of roseate spoonbills, their eggs, and their nests (FNAI, 2001). Another major threat to roseate spoonbills is food availability, which is easily threatened by reduced fresh-water inflow and hypersalinity exceeding physiological tolerance of prey (White and Cromartie, 1982; Sundlof et al., 1994; Dumas, 2000; Lorenz et al., 2009). In addition to salinity issues, pesticides and other toxic contaminants such as organochlorides (DDT, DDD, dieldrin) and heavy metals (cadmium, lead), are harmful to both roseate spoonbills and their prey (Dumas, 2000). With proper coastal water management, however, these last two threats are manageable.

Overall, some of the management practices necessary for maintaining preferable habitat for roseate spoonbills include--maintaining undisturbed/undeveloped areas, riparian habitat, and nature preserves; restricting human disturbance during migration, breeding, and nesting by creating no-access buffer zones; controlling pollution in aquatic habitats; protecting existing wetlands and restoring degraded wetlands; prohibiting hunting; and providing protection from predators like feral dogs and raccoons (Allen, 1942; FNAI, 2001). Some of the human activities that put the roseate spoonbill population at risk include--recreational development, channelization of streams, creation of locks and dams, dredging, increasing boat traffic, draining wetlands, applying pesticide on agricultural land, and deforestation (Allen, 1942; Dumas, 2000).

For now, the main goal should be the continual protection of the roseate spoonbill’s foraging and nesting habitat to ensure recruitment opportunities in the future (Allen, 1942; Dumas, 2000). In order to properly manage the roseate spoonbill population, a few aspects of their biology need to be thoroughly investigated. Some areas of future research should include nesting and breeding ecology, diet and foraging ecology, demographic parameters, population genetics, and behavioral repertoire (Dumas, 2000).

Referências

  • BirdLife International. 2012. Platalea ajaja (Roseate Spoonbill). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN.
  • Lorenz, J. J., B. Langan-Mulrooney, P. E. Frezza, R. G. Harvey, and F. J. Mazzotti. 2009. Roseate spoonbill reproduction as an indicator for restoration of the Everglades and the Everglades estuaries. Ecological Indicators 9:96–107. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.10.008
  • Sundlof, S., M. Spalding, J. Wentworth, and C. Steible. 1994. Mercury in livers of wading birds (ciconiiformes) in southern Florida. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 27:299-305. doi:10.1007/bf00213163
  • Terres, J. K. 1980. The Audubon Society: Encyclopedia of North American Birds. Knopf, New York.
  • White, C. Mitchell, and E. Cromartie. 1982. Nesting Ecology of Roseate Spoonbills at Nueces Bay, Texas. The American Ornithologists' Union 99:275–284.

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Threats ( Inglês )

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Currently, roseate spoonbills are under least concern on the IUCN Red list with a stable population (IUCN 2012). However, in the late 1800s, they were greatly threatened. Between 1850 and 1890, roseate spoonbills saw their greatest population decrease. These wading birds were hunted for their feathers and meat (ARKive n.d.; Prairie Research Institute n.d.). Their feathers were used for fans and hats, and their meat provided food for fishermen and Indians. Along with being hunted, their habitat was also destroyed by civilization and oil development (Prairie Research Institute n.d.). Sharing a habitat with hunted egrets was another cause for their population decrease because breeding colonies would be indirectly affected by hunters (ARKive n.d.).

Even though their population is currently stable, roseate spoonbills are suffering from habitat degradation and loss (Cornell Lab of Ornithology 2015; TPWD n.d.; Smithsonian n.d.). Roseate spoonbills feed and nest in coastal marshes, lagoons, mudflats, and mangroves that are being highly altered from coastal development (Cornell Lab of Ornithology 2015; Smithsonian n.d.). Tourism in these newly developed areas further degrades the habitat of waterbird species. Roseate spoonbills have been observed to stay away from high traffic areas, which may affect their migration routes and breeding sites (Klein et al. 1995). Analyzing hydrological processes, nesting distribution, and reproductive success is important when conserving the habitat for the roseate spoonbill (Bjork and Powell 1994).

Along with habitat loss, parasitic helminths are also a cause for concern to roseate spoonbill populations. In Southern Florida, 89% of roseate spoonbills examined were found to be infected with parasitic helminths (Sepulveda et al. 1994). These parasites may come from the diet of roseate spoonbill populations and lead to pathogens for roseate spoonbills. Texas roseate spoonbills are not infected by similar helminth species as the Florida individuals. One cause for this may be a difference in diet, resulting in different parasites being present (Sepulveda et al. 1994). In Texas populations, nematode and cestode parasites have been found (Huey and Dronen 1981). Effects of these parasites is not well known but may lead to eggshell thinning, developmental issues, and increase in disease (Smithsonian n.d.).

As a result of polluted waters from increased development, the presence of mercury in roseate spoonbill livers has been observed (Sundlof et al. 1994). Increasingly polluted waters affect roseate spoonbills because it increases the concentration of contaminants such as mercury in fish species that constitute a large portion of their diet. Populations that eat larger fish accumulate a greater concentration of mercury in their systems due to biomagnification. Effects of mercury in wading birds include loss of motor skill, increase in diseases, decreased immune function, embryo mortality, and alterations in behavior (Audubon Society of the Everglades). Other toxins that may be of concern to the roseate spoonbill include cadmium, lead, and organochlorides (Dumas 2000).

Predators can threaten the roseate spoonbill population if there is an increase in predator density. Common predators to roseate spoonbills include humans, raccoons, fish crows, great-tailed grackles, and the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) (Prairie Research Institute n.d.; Drees 1994). Many of these predators attack the eggs and nestlings of waterbirds. To decrease the effects of predators on prey populations, monitoring the interaction and population of each species is necessary.

Some of these threats may worsen and lead to a susceptible roseate spoonbill population. In order to prevent this, systematic monitoring schemes, conservation sites, buffer zones, and water quality monitoring must continue (Florida Natural Areas Inventory 2001; IUCN 2012).

Referências

  • BirdLife International. 2012. Platalea ajaja (Roseate Spoonbill). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN.
  • Bjork, R.D. and G.V.N. Powell. 1994. Relationships between hydrologic conditions and quality and quantity of foraging habitat for roseate spoonbills and other wading birds in the C-111 Basin. Final Report to the South Florida Research Center. National Audubon Society.
  • Drees, B.M. 1994 Red imported fire ant predation on nestlings of colonial waterbirds. Soutwestern Entomologist 19: 355-359.
  • Klein, M.L., S.R. Humphrey, and H.F. Percival. 1995. Effects of ecotourism on distribution of waterbirds in wildlife refuge. Conservation Biology 9:1454-1465.
  • Mercury. Audubon Society of the Everglades. 10 April 2016.
  • Roseate spoonbill. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology. 2015.
  • Roseate spoonbill (Ajaia ajaja). Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI). 2001
  • Roseate Spoonbill (Platalea ajaja). Texas Parks & Wildlife. 10 April 2016.
  • Sepulveda, M.S., M.G. Spalding, J.M. Kinsella, R.D. Bjork, and G.S. McLaughlin. 1994. Helminths of the Roseate spoonbill, Ajaia ajaja, in Southern Florida. Journal of the Helmninthological Society of Washington 61:179-189.

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Conservation Status ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

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Es considerada una especie en peligro de extinción, debido a la pérdida de su hábitat por la deforestación y la contaminación ambiental. Está protegida y regulada por la Ley de Conservación de la Vida Silvestre No. 7317, la Ley Orgánica del Ambiente No. 7554 y el decreto No. 26435-MINAE.

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Diagnostic Description ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

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Localidad del tipo: in America australi = Río San Francisco, este de Brasil.
Depositario del tipo:
Recolector del tipo:
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Diagnostic Description ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

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Mide 81 cm. y pesa 1.4 kg. El pico es distintivo, en forma de espátula; es la única ave grande rosada en nuestra área. Los adultos presentan la cabeza desnuda verduzca, el cuello y cuerpo entre blanco y rosado pálido, las alas de color rosado fuerte con coberteras menores de color rojo ladrillo, el pico verduzco y las patas rojizas. Durante la época reproductiva la piel de la cara muestra un baño anaranjado y el pico, coronilla y la bolsa gular son verde azulado. En los ejemplares inmaduros el cuerpo es blanco rosáceo y la cabeza está cubierta de plumón blanco apagado. Las alas son rosado pálido, la punta de las primarias son fuscas y las patas y los dedos son negruzcos. Duran tres años para alcanzar el plumaje de adulto definitivo.

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Reproduction ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

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Su nido consiste en una robusta copa de palos, revestido con vegetación verde. Se localiza de 1.2 a 5 m. de altura en el interior de un manglar o en otros árboles. Ponen de 2 a 4 huevos de color blanco opaco, manchados con diferentes tonos de color café. Anidan en colonias densas, principalmente al inicio de la estación seca.

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Population Biology ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por INBio
En la Isla Pájaros (cuenca del río Tempisque) se estimó una población reproductiva en 1973 y 74 de unos 2570 individuos, y en 1979 y80 de 6000 individuos, con una densidad reproductiva promedio de 0.8 nidos/10 m2, con un máximo de 2.2 nidos/10 m2.

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Trophic Strategy ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por INBio
Se alimentan al sumergr el pico o toda la cabeza en del agua y barrer de lado a lado IMAGEDB.GET_BFILE_IMAGE?p_imageId=40895&p_imageResolutionId=2">(ver">http://attila.inbio.ac.cr:7777/pls/portal30IMAGEDB.GET_BFILE_IMAGE?p_imageId=40895&p_imageResolutionId=2">(ver imagen), al tiempo que remueve el fondo con las patas para espantar peces pequeños, crustáceos e insectos, a los que atrapa con un golpe del pico al sentirlos. En ocasiones forrajea en grupos compactos.

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Distribution ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por INBio
Distribucion en Costa Rica: Es una especie residente común en ciertas localidades de la cuenca del río Tempisque, el área de Río Frío y los alrededores del Golfo de Nicoya, aunque lo es estacionalmente. Se encuentra en menor número en otros lugares a lo largo de la costa del Pacífico. Es rara y esporádica en la mayor parte de la vertiente del Caribe y en el Valle Central. La colonia de anidación de mayor tamaño (única ?) se localiza en Isla Pájaros, cuenca del río Tempisque.


Distribucion General: Se distribuye desde el extremo sur de E.U.A. y el noroeste de México hasta la parte central de Chile y de Argentina; también en Antillas Mayores.

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Behavior ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por INBio
Son gregarios y usualmente se alimentan, duermen y anidan en grupos o bandadas.

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Cyclicity ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por INBio
Efectúan movimientos estacionales pronunciados, relacionados con el cambio del nivel del agua en su hábitat.

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Habitat ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por INBio
Prefieren hábitats de agua dulce y salada de poca profundidad, abiertos, con poco movimiento o con flujo de agua lento, en esteros, manglares, pantanos y lagunas.

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Platalea ajaja ( Asturiano )

fornecido por wikipedia AST

Platalea ajaja ye una especie d'ave pelecaniforme de la familia Threskiornithidae[2][3] qu'habita les zones húmedes asitiaes ente'l sur d'Estaos Xuníos y Suramérica. Nun se conocen subespecies. Ye una ave formosa, pariente de les garces, que tien un picu esplanáu, en forma de cuyar, que mueve d'un llau a otru pa penerar la so comida de la folla de les veres de los ríos, llagos y estuarios onde habita.

Carauterístiques

La espátula rosada ye una ave grande que mide unos 71 cm. Picu llargu, chatu, que s'espande y arredondia na punta. Picu y piel desnudo de la cabeza, verde amarellentáu. Plumaxe casi totalmente rosado, barra del costazu, según la rabadilla coloráu arrosáu. El neñones son blancos con tintes rosados. Como los flamencos y corocoras, el color del so plumaxe vien de les riques fontes de pigmentos carotenoides que s'atopen nos invertebraos que consume.

Hábitat

Llanos, montes de mangle, montes pantanosos, barraqueres, banzaos y pozos en sabanes y otres árees abiertes cerca del nivel del mar.

Alimentación

Aliméntase moviendo'l picu d'un llau a otru ente la folla y les agües de poca fondura. Crustáceos, inseutos y bárabos, moluscos, anfibios, pexes, plantes acuátiques y granes.

Comportamientu

Sola o en grupos pequeños, delles vegaes acompañada de corocoras, garces y garzones.

Reproducción

Ponen de 1 a 4 güevos blancos, enllordiaos. La incubación dura de 22 a 24 díes. Dambos padres alimenten los pitucos por regurgitación; los mozos dexen el nial a les 4 ó 5 selmanes, pero siguen siendo alimentaos polos padres hasta más allá de les 8 selmanes.

Referencies

  1. Platalea ajaja (Roseate Spoonbill) (n'inglés)
  2. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2010. The Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.5. Cornell University Press. Downloadable from Cornell Lab of Ornithology
  3. Peterson, A. P. 2010. Birds of the World -- current valid scientific avian names. Consultáu en xineru de 2011.

Enllaces esternos

Protonotaria-citrea-002 edit.jpg Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Aves, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies.
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wikipedia AST

Platalea ajaja: Brief Summary ( Asturiano )

fornecido por wikipedia AST
Platalea ajaja

Platalea ajaja ye una especie d'ave pelecaniforme de la familia Threskiornithidae qu'habita les zones húmedes asitiaes ente'l sur d'Estaos Xuníos y Suramérica. Nun se conocen subespecies. Ye una ave formosa, pariente de les garces, que tien un picu esplanáu, en forma de cuyar, que mueve d'un llau a otru pa penerar la so comida de la folla de les veres de los ríos, llagos y estuarios onde habita.

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Spanell-Amerika ( Bretã )

fornecido por wikipedia BR
lang="br" dir="ltr">

Ar spanell Amerika a zo ur spesad evned hirc'harek, Platalea ajaja an anv skiantel anezhañ.

Doareoù pennañ

Boued

Annez

Kavout a reer ar spesad eus gevred SUA da Arc'hantina[1].

Notennoù ha daveennoù

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Spanell-Amerika: Brief Summary ( Bretã )

fornecido por wikipedia BR
lang="br" dir="ltr">

Ar spanell Amerika a zo ur spesad evned hirc'harek, Platalea ajaja an anv skiantel anezhañ.

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Skrivagnerien ha kempennerien Wikipedia |
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Becplaner rosat ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

El becplaner rosat (Platalea ajaja) és un ocell de la família dels tresquiornítids (Threskiornithidae), l'únic amb color general diferent al blanc. Va ser inclosa al monotípic gènere Ajaia.

Morfologia

  • Gran ocell, amb una llargària de 71-86 cm, una envergadura de 120-130 cm i un pes d'1,2-1,8 kg.
  • Aspecte típic del gènere, amb cames i coll llarg i el llarg bec en forma d'espàtula.
  • Zona de pell nua verdosa al cap. Coll i esquena blanc. Plomall de plomes roses al pit. Bec de color gris.
  • Sense dimorfisme sexual.
  • Color general rosa, que com en el cas del flamenc del Carib, és producte de pigments carotenoides com la cantaxantina.

Hàbitat i distribució

Habita aiguamolls, pantans, estanys, llacunes i manglars, principalment de la zona neotropical, des de les zones costaneres de Texas, Louisiana i Florida i Cuba, Bahames i la Hispaniola, cap al sud, per Amèrica central fins a Colòmbia, Veneçuela i Guaiana, ambdós vessants d'Equador i Perú, est de Bolívia i Brasil fins a Paraguai, Uruguai i nord de l'Argentina. També al centre de Xile.

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Becplaner rosat Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
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Becplaner rosat: Brief Summary ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

El becplaner rosat (Platalea ajaja) és un ocell de la família dels tresquiornítids (Threskiornithidae), l'únic amb color general diferent al blanc. Va ser inclosa al monotípic gènere Ajaia.

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wikipedia CA

Llwybig gwridog ( Galês )

fornecido por wikipedia CY

Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Llwybig gwridog (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: llwybigau gwridog) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Ajaia ajaja; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Roseate spoonbill. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Ibisiaid (Lladin: Threskiornithidae) sydd yn urdd y Ciconiformes.[1]

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn A. ajaja, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.[2] Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yn Ne America a Gogledd America.

Teulu

Mae'r llwybig gwridog yn perthyn i deulu'r Ibisiaid (Lladin: Threskiornithidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:

Rhestr Wicidata:

rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd Ibis coch Eudocimus ruber Ibis cribog Madagasgar Lophotibis cristata
Lophotibis cristata -Bronx Zoo-8.jpg
Ibis cysegredig Threskiornis aethiopicus
Threskiornis aethiopicus -Mida Creek mud flats, Kenya-8.jpg
Ibis du Plegadis falcinellus
Plegadis falcinellus Syracuse.jpg
Ibis hadada Bostrychia hagedash
Hadeda Ibis Portrait.jpg
Ibis moel Geronticus calvus
Geronticus.calvus.1.jpg
Ibis moel y Gogledd Geronticus eremita
Geronticus eremita.jpg
Ibis penddu Threskiornis melanocephalus
Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus) in Tirunelveli.jpg
Llwybig Platalea leucorodia
Eurasian Spoonbill.jpg
Llwybig gwridog Platalea ajaja
Prague 07-2016 Zoo img07 Platalea ajaja.jpg
Llwybig pigfelyn Platalea flavipes
Yellow-billed Spoonbill at Perth Zoo.jpg
Diwedd y rhestr a gynhyrchwyd yn otomatig o Wicidata.

Gweler hefyd

Cyfeiriadau

  1. Gwefan Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd; adalwyd 30 Medi 2016.
  2. Gwefan Avibase; adalwyd 3 Hydref 2016.
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Llwybig gwridog: Brief Summary ( Galês )

fornecido por wikipedia CY

Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Llwybig gwridog (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: llwybigau gwridog) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Ajaia ajaja; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Roseate spoonbill. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Ibisiaid (Lladin: Threskiornithidae) sydd yn urdd y Ciconiformes.

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn A. ajaja, sef enw'r rhywogaeth. Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yn Ne America a Gogledd America.

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Awduron a golygyddion Wikipedia
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Kolpík růžový ( Checo )

fornecido por wikipedia CZ

Kolpík růžový (Platalea ajaja, občas řazen do monotypického rodu Ajaia) je velký brodivý pták z čeledi ibisovitých. Hnízdí na rozsáhlém území Jižní Ameriky, většinou východně od And a v pobřežních regionech Karibiku, Střední Ameriky, Mexika a Gulf Coast (USA).

Dorůstá 80 cm a v rozpětí křídel měří 120-130 cm. Má dlouhé končetiny, krk a dlouhý plochý zobák. Dospělí ptáci jsou celí převážně růžoví s neopeřeným nazelenalým temenem a světlým krkem a hrudí. Pohlaví jsou si přitom zbarvením velice podobná.

Potravu vyhledává v mělkých nebo pobřežních vodách pro kolpíky charakteristickým způsobem: pomalu se brodí vodou a otevřeným zobákem přitom kývá ze strany na stranu až do doby, než narazí na kořist, kterou bývají obvykle korýši nebo jiní malí bezobratlí živočichové. Často se přitom zdržuje ve skupinách. Hnízdí v mangrových bažinách, hnízdo si buduje v keřích nebo na stromech. Snůška čítá 2-5 bílých vajec s hnědým skvrněním. Mladí ptáci jsou bílí s opeřeným temenem.

Chov v zoo

V rámci Evropy je kolpík růžový chován poměrně málo, pouze ve čtyřech desítkách zoo (stav podzim 2018). Nejvíce je chován v Německu. V rámci Česka je k vidění pouze v Zoo Praha. Na Slovensku tento druh chován není.[2]

Chov v Zoo Praha

První kolpíci růžoví přijeli do Zoo Praha v roce 1950. V letech 1973–97 sice došlo k dlouhé přestávce v jejich chovu, ale následně se podařilo založit velmi úspěšný chov. První úspěšný odchov byl zaznamenán v roce 2004.[2] Jednalo se zároveň o český prvoodchov.[3] Počátky této etapy chovu založil pár, který přišel z německé Zoo Augsburg.[4]

Tento druh je k vidění v expozičním celku Ptačí mokřady ve spodní části zoo.

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Roseate Spoonbill na anglické Wikipedii.

  • KHOLOVÁ, Helena (autorka českého překladu). Ptáci. Praha: Euromedia Group, k. s., 2008.
  1. Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-10]
  2. a b www.Zootierliste.de. www.zootierliste.de [online]. [cit. 2018-10-23]. Dostupné online.
  3. Výroční zpráva Zoo Praha 2004
  4. Kolpík růžový - lexikon zvířat. www.zoopraha.cz [online]. [cit. 2018-10-23]. Dostupné online. (česky)
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wikipedia CZ

Kolpík růžový: Brief Summary ( Checo )

fornecido por wikipedia CZ

Kolpík růžový (Platalea ajaja, občas řazen do monotypického rodu Ajaia) je velký brodivý pták z čeledi ibisovitých. Hnízdí na rozsáhlém území Jižní Ameriky, většinou východně od And a v pobřežních regionech Karibiku, Střední Ameriky, Mexika a Gulf Coast (USA).

Dorůstá 80 cm a v rozpětí křídel měří 120-130 cm. Má dlouhé končetiny, krk a dlouhý plochý zobák. Dospělí ptáci jsou celí převážně růžoví s neopeřeným nazelenalým temenem a světlým krkem a hrudí. Pohlaví jsou si přitom zbarvením velice podobná.

Potravu vyhledává v mělkých nebo pobřežních vodách pro kolpíky charakteristickým způsobem: pomalu se brodí vodou a otevřeným zobákem přitom kývá ze strany na stranu až do doby, než narazí na kořist, kterou bývají obvykle korýši nebo jiní malí bezobratlí živočichové. Často se přitom zdržuje ve skupinách. Hnízdí v mangrových bažinách, hnízdo si buduje v keřích nebo na stromech. Snůška čítá 2-5 bílých vajec s hnědým skvrněním. Mladí ptáci jsou bílí s opeřeným temenem.

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wikipedia CZ

Rosaskestork ( Dinamarquês )

fornecido por wikipedia DA

Rosaskestork (latin: Platalea ajaja) er en amerikansk storkefugl, der lever fra USAs sydlige kyster til Argentina.

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger

Stub
Denne artikel om fugle er kun påbegyndt. Hvis du ved mere om emnet, kan du hjælpe Wikipedia ved at udvide den.
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Rosaskestork: Brief Summary ( Dinamarquês )

fornecido por wikipedia DA

Rosaskestork (latin: Platalea ajaja) er en amerikansk storkefugl, der lever fra USAs sydlige kyster til Argentina.

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Wikipedia-forfattere og redaktører
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Rosalöffler ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE
 src=
Rosalöffler im Flug
 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet

Der Rosalöffler (Platalea ajaja, Syn.: Ajaia ajaja) ist eine Vogelart aus der Gattung der Löffler (Platalea) innerhalb der Familie der Ibisse und Löffler (Threskiornithidae).

Aussehen

Der Rosalöffler erreicht eine Größe von etwa 86 cm und wird damit etwas größer als sein Verwandter, der Löffler. Ebenfalls unterschiedlich ist die Färbung des Gefieders. Die Rückenpartien des Rosalöfflers sind weiß, die Flügel und Brustseite haben eine kräftige rote Färbung. Die langen Stelzenbeine, die für Schreitvögel typisch sind, sind kräftig scharlachrot gefärbt, etwa wie beim Scharlachibis. Schnabel und Kopf sind grau bis schwarz, der Schnabelansatz hat einen gelben Fleck. Typisch für Löffler ist die Form des Schnabels, der wie ein Löffel geformt ist.

Vorkommen

Rosalöffler kommen vom Süden der USA bis weit nach Südamerika (Uruguay, Argentinien) vor. Rosalöffler bevorzugen warme, sonnige Feuchtgebiete, in Florida besonders die Everglades. Man kann ihn also im selben Gebiet beobachten wie Alligatoren oder Floridapanther, zu deren Beutetieren er auch gehört. Florida's Rosalöffler überwintern jedoch nicht in Florida, sondern ziehen nach Südost-Mexiko, Chile oder Argentinien.

Sozialverhalten und Brutpflege

Rosalöffler leben in großen Kolonien und betreiben Brutpflege. In ein bis zu 30 cm hohes Nest legt das Weibchen 3 bis 5 Eier. Nach einer Brutzeit von 21 Tagen schlüpfen die Jungen. Sie werden zunächst von den Elterntieren mit ausgewürgter und vorverdauter Nahrung versorgt, bis sie aktiv die Nahrung aus dem Schnabel der Eltern entnehmen können. Nach acht Wochen sind die Tiere flügge und können fliegen.

Gefährdung

Der Rosalöffler galt früher als bedroht. Noch vor hundert Jahren war er am Rande der Ausrottung. Die Federn dieses schönen Tieres wurden von Modeschöpfern für ihre Kreationen verwendet und mit dem Dreifachen des Goldwertes bezahlt. Heute wird er durch Bejagung in seinen Winterquartieren bedroht, ist jedoch in den USA geschützt.

Der Gesamtbestand wird auf 100.000 bis 250.000 Tiere geschätzt. Die IUCN stuft die Art als nicht gefährdet (least concern) ein.

Literatur

  • National Geographic (Hrsg.): Field Guide to the Birds of North America. Washington, D.C. 2002, ISBN 0-7922-6877-6.
 title=
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Rosalöffler: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE
 src= Rosalöffler im Flug  src= Verbreitungsgebiet

Der Rosalöffler (Platalea ajaja, Syn.: Ajaia ajaja) ist eine Vogelart aus der Gattung der Löffler (Platalea) innerhalb der Familie der Ibisse und Löffler (Threskiornithidae).

licença
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Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
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wikipedia DE

Ajajái guyra pytãngy ( Guarani )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages
Roseate Spoonbill - Myakka River State Park.jpg

Ajajái guyra pytãngy/Ajajái guyratĩ pytã[1] (lasioñe'ẽ: Espátula rosada), ha’e guyra oikóva yvyapasusũ oĩva tetã Estados Unidos ha Sudamérica-pe.

Ajajái guyra pytãngy ha‘e peteĩ guyra ijyvatéva 71 cm. Ijuru puku, ipe okakuaa ha ijapu’áva hakuahápe. Ijuru ha iñakãpire nandi, hovyũ sa’jununga. Hague haimete opaite rupi pytãngy, péicha vei ho’o.

Oñemohenda Orinoco yvytuaku gotyo, yvyturo’ysã gotyo Caicara yvyturo’ysã meve. Ñu, ka'aguy ijyvyapasusũ oĩháme ha yparágui iñag̃uĩva.

Okaru omomỹivo ijuru puku ápe ha pégotyo ytujuhápe ha y naipypukuihápe.

Japeusa, vícho, yso, jatyta, kururu, pira, ñunundi’a ha opáichagua ta’ỹi.

Yvu

  1. http://guaraniportugues.blogspot.com/2011/03/mymbaty-fauna-guyra-aves-1.html
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Ajajái guyra pytãngy: Brief Summary ( Guarani )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages
Roseate Spoonbill - Myakka River State Park.jpg

Ajajái guyra pytãngy/Ajajái guyratĩ pytã (lasioñe'ẽ: Espátula rosada), ha’e guyra oikóva yvyapasusũ oĩva tetã Estados Unidos ha Sudamérica-pe.

Ajajái guyra pytãngy ha‘e peteĩ guyra ijyvatéva 71 cm. Ijuru puku, ipe okakuaa ha ijapu’áva hakuahápe. Ijuru ha iñakãpire nandi, hovyũ sa’jununga. Hague haimete opaite rupi pytãngy, péicha vei ho’o.

Oñemohenda Orinoco yvytuaku gotyo, yvyturo’ysã gotyo Caicara yvyturo’ysã meve. Ñu, ka'aguy ijyvyapasusũ oĩháme ha yparágui iñag̃uĩva.

Okaru omomỹivo ijuru puku ápe ha pégotyo ytujuhápe ha y naipypukuihápe.

Japeusa, vícho, yso, jatyta, kururu, pira, ñunundi’a ha opáichagua ta’ỹi.

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Ayaya ( Quíchua )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

Ayaya (Ajaja ajaja icha Platalea ajaja) nisqaqa huk Awya Yalapi kawsaq pisqum.

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Quecholli ( Nahuatl )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

Quechōlli (Platalea ajaja).

 src=
Quechōlli
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Roseate spoonbill ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The roseate spoonbill (Platalea ajaja) is a gregarious wading bird of the ibis and spoonbill family, Threskiornithidae. It is a resident breeder in both South and North America. The roseate spoonbill's pink colour is diet-derived, consisting of the carotenoid pigment canthaxanthin, like the American flamingo. Plume hunting in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries almost drove the roseate spoonbill to extinction. However, in recent years, the range of the species has expanded.

Taxonomy

The roseate spoonbill is sometimes placed in its own genus - Ajaia. A 2010 study of mitochondrial DNA of the spoonbills by Chesser and colleagues found that the roseate and yellow-billed spoonbills were each other's closest relatives, and the two were descended from an early offshoot from the ancestors of the other four spoonbill species. They felt the genetic evidence meant it was equally valid to consider all six to be classified within the genus Platalea or alternatively the two placed in the monotypic genera Platibis and Ajaia, respectively. However, as the six species were so similar morphologically, keeping them within the one genus made more sense.[2]

Description

The roseate spoonbill is 71–86 cm (28–34 in) long, with a 120–133 cm (47–52 in) wingspan and a body mass of 1.2–1.8 kg (2.6–4.0 lb).[3] The tarsus measures 9.7–12.4 cm (3.8–4.9 in), the culmen measures 14.5–18 cm (5.7–7.1 in) and the wing measures 32.3–37.5 cm (12.7–14.8 in) and thus the legs, bill, neck and spatulate bill all appear elongated.[4] Adults have a bare greenish head ("golden buff" when breeding[5]) and a white neck, back and breast (with a tuft of pink feathers in the center when breeding), and are otherwise a deep pink. The bill is grey. There is no significant sexual dimorphism.

Like the American flamingo, their pink colour is diet-derived, consisting of the carotenoid pigment canthaxanthin. Another carotenoid, astaxanthin, can also be found deposited in flight and body feathers.[6] The colors can range from pale pink to bright magenta, depending on age, whether breeding or not, and location. Unlike herons, spoonbills fly with their necks outstretched. They alternate groups of stiff, shallow wingbeats with glides.[7]

Distribution

In the United States, the species is locally common in Texas, Florida, and southwest Louisiana.[8] Generally, the species occurs in South America mostly east of the Andes, and in coastal regions of the Caribbean, Central America, Mexico, and the Gulf Coast of the United States,[9][10] and from central Florida's Atlantic coast[11] at Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, adjoined with NASA Kennedy Space Center at least as far north as South Carolina's Myrtle Beach.[12]

Plume hunting in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries almost drove the roseate spoonbill to extinction.[13][8] However, following decades of conservation efforts, and the effects climate change, the range of the roseate spoonbill has expanded considerably in the 21st century.[14][13] For instance, the species was recorded breeding in the state of Georgia for the first time in 2011. Moreover, its presence in South Carolina has expanded significantly since the 1970s.[13]

In the summer of 2021, sightings of the bird were reported well outside its typical range, including in Washington, D.C., upstate New York, and even New Hampshire.[15] A large flock was spotted in Huntley Meadows Park in Fairfax County, Virginia, drawing a large crowd of spectators.[16]

In Florida Bay, roseate spoonbills are an ecological and scientific indicator species. The number of nests varies with both the amount of fresh water and the depth of seawater there, as wetlands turn into open ocean. The birds are choosing to nest further north and inland in Florida, with sharp changes in nest locations noted in the years 2006-2020.[17]

Behavior

The behavior of the roseate spoonbill has not been studied adequately by ornithologists.[18] Nonetheless, it is known that this species feeds in shallow fresh or coastal waters by swinging its bill from side to side as it steadily walks through the water, often in groups. Moreover, the spoon-shaped bill allows it to sift easily through mud.[18]

The bird feeds on crustaceans, bits of plant material, aquatic insects, molluscs, frogs, newts and very small fish (such as minnows) ignored by larger waders.[18][19][20] Roseate spoonbills must compete for food with snowy egrets, great egrets, tricolored herons and American white pelicans.

Breeding

The roseate spoonbill nests in shrubs or trees, often mangroves, laying two to five eggs, which are whitish with brown markings.[7] Immature birds have white, feathered heads, and the pink of the plumage is paler. The bill is yellowish or pinkish.

Conservation and threats

Information about predation on adults is lacking. Nestlings are sometimes killed by turkey vultures, bald eagles, raccoons and fire ants.[10] In 2022, an 18-year-old banded bird was discovered, making it the oldest known wild individual.[21]

References

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Platalea ajaja". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22697574A93621961. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22697574A93621961.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ Chesser, R.Terry; Yeung, Carol K.L.; Yao, Cheng-Te; Tians, Xiu-Hua; Li Shou-Hsien (2010). "Molecular phylogeny of the spoonbills (Aves: Threskiornithidae) based on mitochondrial DNA". Zootaxa. 2603 (2603): 53–60. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2603.1.2. ISSN 1175-5326.
  3. ^ "Roseate Spoonbill Life History, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology". www.allaboutbirds.org.
  4. ^ Hancock, Kushlan & Kahl (1992). Storks, Ibises, and Spoonbills of the World. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-322730-0.
  5. ^ Howell, SNG; Webb, S (1995). A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. Oxford University Press. pp. 147–8. ISBN 978-0-19-854012-0.
  6. ^ Brush, A. H. 1990. Metabolism of cartenoid pigments in birds. The FASEB Journal. 4:2969-2977.
    Fox, D. L. 1962. Carotenoids of the Roseate Spoonbill. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 6:305-310.
    (Mentioned in the Cornell Lab of Ornithology page).
  7. ^ a b Howell, SNG; Webb, S (1995). A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. Oxford University Press. pp. 147–8. ISBN 978-0-19-854012-0.
  8. ^ a b "Roseate Spoonbill". Audubon. 2014-11-13. Retrieved 2022-12-31.
  9. ^ "Roseate Spoonbill". Waterbird Conservation. National Audubon Society. Archived from the original on 2008-10-24. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
  10. ^ a b Dumas, Jeannette V. 2000. Roseate Spoonbill (Platalea ajaja), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 2009-11-12. (subscription required)
  11. ^ Graham Jr., Frank (July–August 2001). "Birds: A Wing and a Prayer". Audubon Magazine: 87–91.
  12. ^ Quinn, Joe. "Huntington Beach State Park in Murrells Inlet, South Carolina: White Heron, Roseate Spoonbill, American Alligator". Smithsonian Magazine.
  13. ^ a b c Schools, Ben (2020-09-03). "The Roseate Spoonbill: A welcome presence, set to stay". Charleston Mercury. Retrieved 2022-12-31.
  14. ^ Miles, Suzannah (2020-10-22). "Follow the colorful life of the roseate spoonbill | Charleston Magazine". CHARLESTON SC |. Retrieved 2022-12-31.
  15. ^ "Tropical Pink Bird Spotted In D.C. For The First Time (It's Not A Flamingo)". DCist. Retrieved 2021-08-04.
  16. ^ "Rarely-seen Spoonbills Draw Fans to Huntley Meadows Park".
  17. ^ Waters, Hannah (Winter 2022). "Flight of the Spoonbills". Audubon. pp. 18–27. Retrieved January 2, 2023. Over the past 20 years the nesting range of Florida's Roseate Spoonbills has shifted north … Rising seas have seeped into the birds' historical foraging grounds in Florida Bay, driving them into shallower areas of Everglades National Park and beyond.
  18. ^ a b c Dumas, Jeannette V. (2020). "Roseate Spoonbill (Platalea ajaja), version 1.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.rosspo1.01.
  19. ^ "The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago - Ajaia ajaja (Roseate Spoonbill)" (PDF). University of the West Indies St. Augustine.
  20. ^ "Ajaia ajaja (Roseate spoonbill)". Animal Diversity Web.
  21. ^ "Oldest Known Roseate Spoonbill Identified Thanks to Lucky Photograph Researchers: Oldest Wild Spoonbill Found - National Audubon Society". Audubon.org. 2022-04-18. Retrieved 2022-04-19.

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Roseate spoonbill: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The roseate spoonbill (Platalea ajaja) is a gregarious wading bird of the ibis and spoonbill family, Threskiornithidae. It is a resident breeder in both South and North America. The roseate spoonbill's pink colour is diet-derived, consisting of the carotenoid pigment canthaxanthin, like the American flamingo. Plume hunting in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries almost drove the roseate spoonbill to extinction. However, in recent years, the range of the species has expanded.

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Ajajao ( Esperanto )

fornecido por wikipedia EO

La Ajajao, Rozkolora plataleo, Roza plataleo, aŭ Amerika plataleo, nome Platalea ajaja, (foje lokita en sia propra genro Ajaja) estas gregema vadbirdo de la familio de ibisoj kaj plataleo nome Treskiornitedoj. Ĝi estas specio de loĝantaj birdoj kaj reproduktantoj en Sudameriko ĉefe oriente de Andoj, kaj en marbordaj regionoj de Karibio, Centrameriko, Meksiko, kaj la Golfa Marbordo de Usono.[1][2]

Taksonomio

Studo de 2010 pri mitokondria DNA de la plataleoj fare de Chesser kaj kolegoj trovis, ke la Ajajao kaj la Flavbeka plataleo estas la plej proksimaj parencoj unu de la alia, kaj ambaŭ descendas el frua posteulo de la prauloj de la aliaj kvar specioj de plataleoj. Ili notis la genetikan pruvaron ke same validus konsideri la ses speciojn klasite ene de la genro Platalea aŭ alternative ambaŭ en la monotipaj genroj Platibis kaj Ajaja respektive. Tamen la ses specioj estas tiom similaj morfologie, ke ankaŭ havi ilin ene de ununura genro same pravas.[3]

Aspekto

 src=
Detaloj de kapo kaj ŝultro de Ajajao, High Island, Teksaso.

La Ajajao estas 71-86 cm longa, kun enverguro de 120–133 cm kaj korpomaso de 1.2-1.8 kg.[4] La tarso estas 9.7-12.4 cm, la supra bordo de beko estas 14.5-18 cm kaj la flugiloj estas 32.3-37.5 cm kaj tiele kruroj, beko, kolo kaj kulerforma beko, nome ĉiuj ŝajnas longecaj.[5] Plenkreskuloj havas nudan verdecan vizaĝon dum reproduktado[6]) kaj blankajn kolon, dorson kaj bruston (kun tufo de rozkoloraj plumoj en la centro dum reproduktado), kaj alie tre markatan rozkoloron. La beko estas griza. Ne estas grava seksa dimorfismo.

Kiel ĉe la Ruĝa flamengo, ties roza koloro dependas el dieto, konsista el pigmento de karotenoido nome kantaksantino. Alia karotenoido, nome astaksantino, povas troviĝi ankaŭ ĉe flugiloj kaj korpoplumoj.[7] La koloroj povas gami el helroza al brile magenta, depende de aĝo kaj loko. Malkiel ĉe ardeoj, plataleoj flugas havante kolon etende. Ili alternas seriojn de rigida, neforta flugilfrapado kun glitado.[8]

Kutimaro

Tiu specio manĝas en neprofundaj nesalaj aŭ marbordaj akvoj per bekobalaado el flanko al flanko dum konstante regula piedirado tra akvo, ofte en grupoj. La kulerforma beko permesas ĝin facile kribri tra koto. Ĝi manĝas krustulojn, akvinsektojn, ranojn, salamandrojn kaj tre malgrandajn fiŝojn preteratentitajn de pli grandaj vadbirdoj. En Usono populara loko por observi Ajajaojn estas la Nacia Naturrezervejo J. N. "Ding" Darling en Florido. Ajajaoj devas konkurenci por manĝo kun la Neĝa egretardeo, la Granda egretardeo, la Trikolora ardeo, kaj kun la Amerika blanka pelikano.

Reproduktado

 src=
Plenkreskulo kun du junuloj ĉeneste.

La Ajajao nestumas en arbustoj aŭ arboj, ofte mangrovoj. La ino deemtas 2 al 5 ovojn, kiuj estas blankecaj kun brunaj markoj.[8] Nematuruloj havas blankajn plumecajn kapojn, kaj la roza koloro de la plumaro estas pli pala. La beko estas flaveca aŭ rozkoloreca.

Minacoj

Mankas informo pri predado de plenkreskuloj. Idoj estas mortigitaj foje de la Meleagra katarto, la Blankkapa maraglo, lavursoj, kaj de la ruĝa fajrformiko.[2] En 2006, oni trovis ekzempleron 16-jaraĝan ringitan, kiu estas la plej aĝa natura individuo.[9]

Referencoj

  1. Roseate Spoonbill. Waterbird Conservation. National Audubon Society. Arkivita el la originalo je 2008-10-24. Alirita 2009-07-23.
  2. 2,0 2,1 Dumas, Jeannette V. 2000. Roseate Spoonbill (Platalea ajaja), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 2009-11-12. Subscription required
  3. Chesser, R.Terry; Yeung, Carol K.L.; Yao, Cheng-Te; Tians, Xiu-Hua; Li Shou-Hsien (2010). “Molecular phylogeny of the spoonbills (Aves: Threskiornithidae) based on mitochondrial DNA”, Zootaxa (2603), p. 53–60.
  4. [1] (2011).
  5. Hancock, Kushlan & Kahl. (1992) Storks, Ibises, and Spoonbills of the World. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-322730-0.
  6. Howell, SNG. (1995) A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. Oxford University Press, p. 147–8. ISBN 0-19-854012-4.
  7. Brush, A. H. 1990. Metabolism of cartenoid pigments in birds. The FASEB Journal. 4:2969-2977.
    Fox, D. L. 1962. Carotenoids of the Roseate Spoonbill. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 6:305-310.
    (Mentioned in the Retejo de la Laboratorio Cornell de Ornitologio).
  8. 8,0 8,1 Howell, SNG. (1995) A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. Oxford University Press, p. 147–8. ISBN 0-19-854012-4.
  9. Researchers: Oldest Wild Spoonbill Found - Care2 News Network. Care2.com (2006-05-29). Alirita 2012-02-20.

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Ajajao: Brief Summary ( Esperanto )

fornecido por wikipedia EO

La Ajajao, Rozkolora plataleo, Roza plataleo, aŭ Amerika plataleo, nome Platalea ajaja, (foje lokita en sia propra genro Ajaja) estas gregema vadbirdo de la familio de ibisoj kaj plataleo nome Treskiornitedoj. Ĝi estas specio de loĝantaj birdoj kaj reproduktantoj en Sudameriko ĉefe oriente de Andoj, kaj en marbordaj regionoj de Karibio, Centrameriko, Meksiko, kaj la Golfa Marbordo de Usono.

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Platalea ajaja ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES
 src=
Su característico color se debe a los carotenoides que obtienen a través de sus dietas de crustáceos.

La espátula rosada (Platalea ajaja) es una especie de ave pelecaniforme de la familia Threskiornithidae[2][3]​ que habita las zonas húmedas situadas entre el sur de Estados Unidos y Sudamérica. Como otras Platalea tienen un pico aplanado, en forma de cuchara, el cual mueve de un lado a otro para filtrar su comida del barro de las orillas de los ríos, lagos y estuarios donde habita. Se diferencia de otras especies de espátulas por la fuerte coloración rojiza o rosada de algunas plumas en los adultos, sobre todo en las alas.

Características

La espátula rosada es un ave grande que mide unos 71 cm. Pico largo, chato, que se expande y redondea en la punta. Pico y piel desnuda de la cabeza, verde amarillento. Plumaje casi totalmente rosado, barra del hombro, así como la rabadilla rojo rosáceo. Los inmaduros son blancos con tintes rosados. Como los flamencos y corocoras, el color de su plumaje viene de las ricas fuentes de pigmentos carotenoides que se encuentran en los invertebrados que consume.

Hábitat

Llanos, bosques de mangle, bosques pantanosos, ciénagas, pantanos y pozos en sabanas y otras áreas abiertas cerca del nivel del mar.

Alimentación

Se alimenta moviendo el pico de un lado a otro entre el lodo y las aguas de poca profundidad, pudiendo consumir crustáceos, insectos y larvas, moluscos, anfibios, peces, plantas acuáticas y semillas.[cita requerida]

Comportamiento

Vive en solitario o en grupos pequeños, algunas veces acompañada de corocoras, garzas y garzones.

Reproducción

Ponen de 1 a 4 huevos blancos y manchados. La incubación dura de 22 a 24 días. Ambos padres alimentan los polluelos por regurgitación; los jóvenes dejan el nido a las 4 o 5 semanas, pero siguen siendo alimentados por los padres hasta más allá de las 8 semanas.

Galería

Referencias

  1. Platalea ajaja (Roseate Spoonbill) (en inglés)
  2. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2010. The Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.5. Cornell University Press. Downloadable from Cornell Lab of Ornithology
  3. Peterson, A. P. 2010. Birds of the World -- current valid scientific avian names. Consultado en enero de 2011.

 title=
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Platalea ajaja: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES
 src= Su característico color se debe a los carotenoides que obtienen a través de sus dietas de crustáceos.

La espátula rosada (Platalea ajaja) es una especie de ave pelecaniforme de la familia Threskiornithidae​​ que habita las zonas húmedas situadas entre el sur de Estados Unidos y Sudamérica. Como otras Platalea tienen un pico aplanado, en forma de cuchara, el cual mueve de un lado a otro para filtrar su comida del barro de las orillas de los ríos, lagos y estuarios donde habita. Se diferencia de otras especies de espátulas por la fuerte coloración rojiza o rosada de algunas plumas en los adultos, sobre todo en las alas.

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Mokozabal arrosa ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Mokozabal arrosa (Platalea ajaja) Platalea generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Threskiornithidae familian sailkatua dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)BirdLife International (2012) Species factsheet. www.birdlife.org webgunetitik jaitsia 2012/05/07an
  2. (Ingelesez) IOC Master List

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Mokozabal arrosa: Brief Summary ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Mokozabal arrosa (Platalea ajaja) Platalea generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Threskiornithidae familian sailkatua dago.

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Ruusukapustahaikara ( Finlandês )

fornecido por wikipedia FI

Ruusukapustahaikara (Platalea ajaja) on pinkki amerikkalainen iibislaji. Tunnetaan myös nimellä Ajaia ajaja.

Koko ja ulkonäkö

Linnun pituus on noin 81 cm ja siipien kärkiväli 127 cm. Kapustahaikaran kokoinen ja habituskin on sama, mutta väritys poikkeava. Vartalo ja siivet ovat vaaleanpunaiset, paikoin punaiset. Myös koivet ovat pinkit ja silmät punaiset. Kaula ja rinta ovat valkoiset. Pää on kalju ja väriltään vihertävä, soidinkaudella ruskehtava. Pitkä, kapustamainen nokka on harmaa. Nuorella linnulla on lähes valkoinen puku ja myös pää on valkohöyheninen. Lennossa kaula on eteen ojennettuna. Sukupuolet ovat saman näköiset.

Esiintyminen

Amerikkalainen laji, joka pesii monin paikoin yleisenä Etelä- ja Keski-Amerikassa, Meksikon länsirannikolla sekä Yhdysvaltojen kaakkoisrannikolla. Maailman populaation koko on 100 000–250 000 yksilöä.* Lajia ei ole tavattu Suomessa.

Elinympäristö

Monenlaiset kosteikot, kuten suot, mangrovemetsät, lammet ja matalat järvet. Kosteikkojen kuivattaminen ja metsästys höyhenten vuoksi ovat vähentäneet yksilömääriä.

Lisääntyminen

Yksiavioinen. 1 pesue vuodessa. Pesii pieninä yhdyskuntina, usein yhdessä muiden haikaroiden kanssa. Pesä voi olla puussa tai harvemmin maassa. Se on hyvin rakennettu oksista ja vuorattu kasveilla ja muilla kuivilla materiaaleilla. Koiras tuo rakennusaineet, joista naaras valitsee sopivat ja rakentaa pesän. Munia on 3, likaisen valkoisia ruskein täplin. Haudonta kestää 22–23 päivää, molemmat emot hautovat. Kummatkin puolisot myös hoitavat poikasia, jotka oppivat lentämään 5–6 viikon ikäisinä.

Ravinto

Kahlaa matalassa vedessä ja heiluttelee lusikkanokkaansa vedessä puolelta toiselle, pyydystäen kaloja, nilviäisiä, äyriäisiä ja muita pieniä vesieläimiä.

Lähteet

Viitteet

  1. BirdLife International: Platalea ajaja IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. 2012. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 26.3.2014. (englanniksi)
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Ruusukapustahaikara: Brief Summary ( Finlandês )

fornecido por wikipedia FI

Ruusukapustahaikara (Platalea ajaja) on pinkki amerikkalainen iibislaji. Tunnetaan myös nimellä Ajaia ajaja.

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Spatule rosée ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Platalea ajaja

La spatule rosée (Platalea ajaja parfois classée dans le genre monotypique Ajaja) est une espèce d'oiseaux échassiers aquatiques de la famille des Threskiornithidae.

Répartition

Elle se reproduit surtout en Amérique du Sud, dans les Antilles et sur les côtes du golfe du Mexique aux États-Unis.

Nidification

Elle niche dans les arbres de la mangrove où elle a des couvées de 2 à 5 œufs.

Description

Cette espèce est très facilement reconnaissable. Elle mesure 80 centimètres de haut avec une envergure de 1,2 mètre. C'est un échassier aux longues pattes, au long cou avec un long bec en forme de spatule. Les adultes ont une tête grise à vert pâle dénudée, le cou, la poitrine et le dos sont blancs, le reste du plumage étant d'un rose foncé. Le bec est plat et gris.

Les deux sexes sont semblables mais les jeunes ont les plumes de la tête blanches et le rose du plumage est beaucoup plus clair. Le bec est jaunâtre ou rosâtre. À la différence des hérons, ils volent avec le cou en extension. En 2006, on a retrouvé un oiseau bagué vieux de 16 ans, c'est le plus vieil oiseau de l'espèce connu.

Alimentation

L'espèce se nourrit dans les eaux peu profondes de poissons, de grenouilles et d'autres animaux aquatiques. Il se nourrit en marchant dans l'eau, souvent en groupes, et en faisant aller son bec dans l'eau, de gauche à droite et vice-versa. Cette technique lui permet de trouver sa nourriture dans l'eau sombre et vaseuse (à force d'y piétiner..) grâce à son bec qui est en effet tactile. Avec ce stratagème, la spatule rosé traque des petits poissons, des amphibiens ou de gros insectes aquatiques qui constituent l'essentiel de son alimentation.

Galerie

Une spatule rosée en train de se nourrir (Merritt Island, Floride)

Annexes

Références taxinomiques

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Spatule rosée: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Platalea ajaja

La spatule rosée (Platalea ajaja parfois classée dans le genre monotypique Ajaja) est une espèce d'oiseaux échassiers aquatiques de la famille des Threskiornithidae.

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Cullereiro rosa ( Galego )

fornecido por wikipedia gl Galician

Cullereiro rosa (Platalea ajaja) é unha especie de ave ciconiiforme da familia Threskiornithidae[2][3] que habita as zonas húmidas do sur dos Estados Unidos de América e América do Sur. Non se coñecen subespecies. É un ave parente das garzas, que ten un peteiro aplanado, en forma de culler, o cal move dun lado a outro para filtrar a súa comida da lama das beiras dos ríos, lagoas e esteiros onde habita.

Notas

  1. "Platalea ajaja". Lista Vermella de especies ameazadas. Versión 2013.2 (en inglés). Unión Internacional para a Conservación da Natureza. 2012. Consultado o 26 de novembro de 2013.
  2. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2010. The Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.5. Cornell University Press. Downloadable from Cornell Lab of Ornithology
  3. Peterson, A. P. 2010. Birds of the World -- current valid scientific avian names. Consultado en xaneiro de 2011.

Véxase tamén

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Cullereiro rosa: Brief Summary ( Galego )

fornecido por wikipedia gl Galician

Cullereiro rosa (Platalea ajaja) é unha especie de ave ciconiiforme da familia Threskiornithidae que habita as zonas húmidas do sur dos Estados Unidos de América e América do Sur. Non se coñecen subespecies. É un ave parente das garzas, que ten un peteiro aplanado, en forma de culler, o cal move dun lado a outro para filtrar a súa comida da lama das beiras dos ríos, lagoas e esteiros onde habita.

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Ružičasta žličarka ( Croato )

fornecido por wikipedia hr Croatian

Ružičasta žličarka (lat. Platalea ajaja, ponekad odvojena u monotipski rod Ajaja) je društvena barska ptica. Rasprostranjena je uglavnom u Južnoj Americi, ali i u Srednjoj Americi, Karibima i Meksiku, te na obalama Texasa, Louisiane i južne Floride. Staništa su joj područja bočate vode.

Opis

Ružičasta žličarka je 80 cm visoka. Duga je oko 2 i pol metra. Ima raspon krila 120-130 cm. Krila su crvene boje. Na glavi nema perja. Perje na vratu, prsima i gornjem dijelu leđa je bijelo. Vrat joj je dosta dug i bijele je boje. Oči su crvene boje. Noge su crvenkaste i jako su duge. Prepoznatljiva karakteristika je i dugi sivi kljun u obliku žlice. Spolovi se ne razlikuju mnogo. Mužjaci su malo veći od ženki i imaju dulji kljun. Rep je narančastoružičaste boje. Ostatak tijela je blijedoružičaste boje.

Ova ptica provodi dosta vremena u plitkoj vodi tražeći hranu. Traži je pomoću kljuna mičući ga s lijeva na desno i suprtono. Njezinu prehranu čine: male ribe, rakovi, školjkaši, kukci, njihove ličinke, vodozemci, vodene biljke i sjemenke. Ove ptice su jako društvene. Žive u kolonijama čak i s drugim vrstama ptica. Lete u jatima dugim dijagonalnim linijama ispruženih nogu i vrata.

Razmnožavanje

Ružičaste žličarke gnijezde se u kolonijama. Mužjaci i ženke grade gnijezdo zajedno. Gnijezdo je napravljeno od štapića i obloženo je travom i lišćem, te se nalazi na drvetu. Ženka postavlja dva do četiri pjegavih jaja. Oba roditelja inkubiraju jaja. Ptići se izlegnu nakon otprilike tri tjedna. Perje dobivaju nakon 35-42 dana. Roditelji hrane mlade ptiće osam tjedana, kada oni nauče letjeti. Ptići su bijele boje, imaju perje na glavi i ružičaste mrlje na krilima. Sazrijevaju nakon tri godine.

Status zaštite

Populacija ovih ptica je neko vrijeme bila ugrožena zbog lova. U 19. stoljeću. njihova pera su korištena za izradu ženskih kapa i lepeza. Osim toga, status im je bio ugrožen i zbog prevelike količine zagađenja. Do početka 20. stoljeća broj jedinki se smanjio na samo nekoliko desetaka parova u SAD-u. Za njih su izdvajana posebma zaštićena područja i u 1940-ima postaju zakonom zaštićena vrsta. U međuvremenu im se stanje popravilo, pa im status zaštite nije više ugrožen, nego smanjeni rizik. Prirodni neprijatelji ove ptice su ćelavi orao, rakun i crveni uvezeni mrav.

Galerija

Izvori

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Ružičasta žličarka: Brief Summary ( Croato )

fornecido por wikipedia hr Croatian

Ružičasta žličarka (lat. Platalea ajaja, ponekad odvojena u monotipski rod Ajaja) je društvena barska ptica. Rasprostranjena je uglavnom u Južnoj Americi, ali i u Srednjoj Americi, Karibima i Meksiku, te na obalama Texasa, Louisiane i južne Floride. Staništa su joj područja bočate vode.

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Platalea ajaja ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

La spatola rosata (Platalea ajaja Linnaeus, 1758) è un uccello della famiglia dei Treschiornitidi[2]. È una specie stanziale diffusa in Sudamerica ad est delle Ande e nelle regioni costiere di Caraibi, America Centrale, Messico e della Costa del Golfo degli Stati Uniti[3][4].

Descrizione

La spatola rosata è alta 80 cm ed ha un'apertura alare di 120 – 130 cm. Ha zampe, collo e becco molto lunghi. Gli esemplari adulti hanno testa glabra di colore verdastro (che diviene «marrone dorato» nel periodo della riproduzione[5]), collo bianco e dorso, petto (nel mezzo del quale nella stagione degli amori cresce un ciuffo di penne rosa) e resto del corpo rosa carico. Il caratteristico becco a spatola è grigio. I sessi sono simili.

Diversamente dagli aironi, le spatole volano con il collo esteso. Volano alternando una serie di rigidi battiti d'ala[5] .

Riproduzione

 src=
Un adulto con due giovani nel nido

La spatola rosa nidifica su arbusti o alberi, soprattutto di mangrovie, deponendo da 2 a 5 uova, biancastre e ricoperte di chiazzette marroni[5] . Gli immaturi hanno la testa ricoperta di penne bianche e hanno il piumaggio di un rosa più chiaro. Il becco è giallastro o rosastro.

Conservazione

Si ritiene che gli esemplari adulti non abbiano predatori. I pulcini vengono spesso uccisi da avvoltoi tacchino (i quali possono perfino uccidere esemplari immaturi), aquile calve, procioni e formiche di fuoco[4] . Nel 2006 è stato scoperto un esemplare inanellato di 16 anni, età che lo rende il più vecchio esemplare mai trovato in natura[6].

Alimentazione

Questa specie si nutre camminando in acque dolci o costiere, spesso in gruppi numerosi, tenendo il becco immerso e spostandolo qua e là. Mangia crostacei, coleotteri ed eterotteri acquatici, rane, tritoni e i pesci più piccoli ignorati dagli altri trampolieri. Negli Stati Uniti un luogo molto popolare dove osservare la spatola rosata è il Rifugio naturale nazionale di «Ding» Darling, in Florida. Talvolta questi uccelli si accompagnano a garzette nivee, aironi bianchi maggiori, aironi tricolori e pellicani americani.

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Butchart, S. & Symes, A.(BirdLife International) 2012, Platalea ajaja, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) Gill F. and Donsker D. (eds), Family Threskiornithidae, in IOC World Bird Names (ver 9.2), International Ornithologists’ Union, 2019. URL consultato il 6 marzo 2015.
  3. ^ Roseate Spoonbill, su Waterbird Conservation, National Audubon Society. URL consultato il 23 luglio 2009 (archiviato dall'url originale il 24 ottobre 2008).
  4. ^ a b Dumas, Jeannette V. 2000. Roseate Spoonbill (Platalea ajaja), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 2009-11-12. Subscription required
  5. ^ a b c Steve N. G. Howell e Sophie Webb, A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America, Oxford University Press, 1995, pp. 147–148, ISBN 0-19-854012-4.
  6. ^ Researchers: Oldest Wild Spoonbill Found - Care2 News Network

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wikipedia IT

Platalea ajaja: Brief Summary ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

La spatola rosata (Platalea ajaja Linnaeus, 1758) è un uccello della famiglia dei Treschiornitidi. È una specie stanziale diffusa in Sudamerica ad est delle Ande e nelle regioni costiere di Caraibi, America Centrale, Messico e della Costa del Golfo degli Stati Uniti.

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Rožinė girnovė ( Lituano )

fornecido por wikipedia LT

Rožinė girnovė (lot. Platalea ajaja) – paukščių rūšis, priklausanti ibinių (Threskiornithidae) šeimai. Paplitusi Amerikos šlapynėse. Priskiriama girnovių genčiai, nors kartais išskiriama kaip monotipinė rūšis Ajaja ajaja.

Tai stambus paukštis, siekiantis 71 cm ilgį. Snapas didelis, plokščias. Plunksnos rausvos, viršuje baltos. Jaunikliai balti.

Paplitęs Centrinėje Amerikoje, Karibuose, rytinėje Pietų Amerikoje, pietryčių JAV. Gyvena lygumose, mangrovėse, pelkėtuose miškuose, prie senvagių, ežerėlių ir kitose atvirose, žemose vietose.

Maitinasi snapu maišydama seklius vandenis. Minta vabzdžiais, lervomis, moliuskais, vėžiagyviais, varliagyviais, žuvytėmis, vandens augalais ir sėklomis.

Deda 1-4 baltus, dėmėtus kiaušinius. Inkubacinis laikotarpis – 22-24 dienos. Jauniklius atrajotu maistu maitina abeji tėvai. Lizdą palieka per 4-5 savaites, bet tėvų maitinami 8 savaites.

 src=
Skrendanti rožinė girnovė
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Rode lepelaar ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Vogels

De rode lepelaar (Platalea ajaja) is een vogel uit de familie Threskiornithidae.

Leefwijze

Op zoek naar voedsel, zwaait hij met zijn snavel door ondiep water om zo kleine vissen en ongewervelde waterdiertjes te vangen. Soms eet de roze lepelaar ook planten.

Verspreiding

Deze soort komt voor in moerassen en mangrovebossen van het Caribische gebied en noordelijk Zuid-Amerika, met name van de zuidelijke Verenigde Staten tot noordelijk Argentinië.

 src=
Roze Lepelaar
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Rode lepelaar: Brief Summary ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

De rode lepelaar (Platalea ajaja) is een vogel uit de familie Threskiornithidae.

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Warzęcha różowa ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL
Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Warzęcha różowa (Platalea ajaja) – gatunek ptaka z rodziny ibisów (Threskiornithidae). Zamieszkuje wybrzeża, jeziora i mokradła południowych Stanów Zjednoczonych, jak również Karaiby, Peru i Argentynę.

Opis

Mierzy z reguły 87 cm długości, waży 1,24–1,75 kg, a rozpiętość skrzydeł dochodzi do 130 cm. Jest to duży różowy ptak z ciemniej zabarwionymi skrzydłami. Ma długie czerwone nogi, spłaszczony zielono-żółty dziób, który na końcu rozszerza się na kształt łyżki. W skład pożywienia ptaka wchodzą głównie małe ryby, ślimaki, skorupiaki i inne drobne stworzenia.

Obecnie ptakom tym nie grozi wyginięcie, mimo iż były znacznie przetrzebione na początku XX wieku w wyniku odławiania ich dla poszukiwanych wówczas piór.

Przypisy

  1. Platalea ajaja, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Platalea ajaja. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).

Bibliografia

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Warzęcha różowa: Brief Summary ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL

Warzęcha różowa (Platalea ajaja) – gatunek ptaka z rodziny ibisów (Threskiornithidae). Zamieszkuje wybrzeża, jeziora i mokradła południowych Stanów Zjednoczonych, jak również Karaiby, Peru i Argentynę.

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Platalea ajaja ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

O colhereiro (nome científico: Platalea ajaja), também chamado de aiaiá e ajajá,[2] é uma ave pelecaniforme[1] da família Threskiornithidae. Habita a América do Sul, o Caribe e a costa sudeste dos Estados Unidos. Por vezes é classificado no género monotípico Ajaia.

Etimologia

"Colhereiro" é uma alusão ao seu bico, que tem o formato de uma colher. "Aiaiá", "ajajá", Platalea ajaja e Ajaia ajaja vêm do tupi aya'á.[3]

Descrição

O colhereiro tem um comprimento médio de cerca de 81 cm. As colónias de nidificação dos colhereiros constituem um quadro espectacular nos Everglades. Têm uma parada nupcial elaborada, que inclui batimentos de bico e ofertas mútuas de galhinhos.

Para obter alimento, a ave arrasta o seu bico sensível em forma de colher de um lado para o outro na água. Quando descobre comida, peixe, por exemplo, fecha o bico de estalo. No período reprodutivo, exibe uma bela plumagem cor-de-rosa: quanto maior a ingestão de crustáceos, mais rosadas ficam essas penas, o que é um indicador da qualidade do meio ambiente em que vive.

Outrora, os colhereiros eram caçados e perseguidos por causa das suas penas que eram utilizadas na decoração e enfeite de chapéus. Agora, são uma espécie protegida e o seu número aumentou.

Taxonomia

O colhereiro às vezes é colocado em seu próprio gênero - Ajaja. Um estudo de 2010 do DNA mitocondrial do colhereiro por Chesser e seus colegas descobriu que o colhereiro e o colhereiro amarelo eram os parentes mais próximos um do outro, e os dois descendiam de uma ramificação inicial dos ancestrais das outras quatro espécies de colhereiro. Eles argumentam que a evidência genética justificava todas as seis espécies classificadas dentro do gênero Platalea ou, alternativamente, dois gêneros monotípicos Platibis e Ajaja, respectivamente. No entanto, como as seis espécies eram tão semelhantes morfologicamente, fazia mais sentido mantê-las dentro de um gênero.[4]

Comportamento

Reprodução

 src=
Colhereiro americano com filhotes em ninho

O colhereiro nidifica em arbustos ou árvores, geralmente manguezais, pondo de dois a cinco ovos, que são esbranquiçados com manchas marrons.[5] Pássaros imaturos têm cabeças brancas com penas e o rosa da plumagem é mais claro. O bico é amarelado ou rosado.

Conservação e ameaças

Faltam informações sobre a predação em adultos. Os filhotes às vezes são mortos por abutres, águias, guaxinins e formigas-de-fogo .[6] Em 2006, uma ave anilhada de 16 anos foi descoberta, tornando-a o indivíduo selvagem mais antigo conhecido.[7]

Referências

  1. a b «Storks, ibis & herons». IOC World Bird List v 6.4 (em inglês). Consultado em 23 de dezembro de 2016
  2. a b FERREIRA, A. B. H. Novo Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa. Segunda edição. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, 1986. p.431
  3. FERREIRA, A. B. H. Novo Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa. Segunda edição. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, 1986. p.71
  4. Chesser, R.Terry; Yeung, Carol K.L.; Yao, Cheng-Te; Tians, Xiu-Hua; Li Shou-Hsien (2010). «Molecular phylogeny of the spoonbills (Aves: Threskiornithidae) based on mitochondrial DNA». Zootaxa. 2603: 53–60. ISSN 1175-5326. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2603.1.2
  5. Howell, SNG; Webb, S (1995). A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. pp. 147–8. ISBN 978-0-19-854012-0
  6. Dumas, Jeannette V. 2000. Roseate Spoonbill (Platalea ajaja), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 2009-11-12. (inscrição necessária)
  7. «Researchers: Oldest Wild Spoonbill Found - Care2 News Network». Care2.com. 29 de maio de 2006. Consultado em 20 de fevereiro de 2012
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Platalea ajaja: Brief Summary ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

O colhereiro (nome científico: Platalea ajaja), também chamado de aiaiá e ajajá, é uma ave pelecaniforme da família Threskiornithidae. Habita a América do Sul, o Caribe e a costa sudeste dos Estados Unidos. Por vezes é classificado no género monotípico Ajaia.

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wikipedia PT

Lyžičiar ružový ( Eslovaco )

fornecido por wikipedia SK

Lyžičiar ružový (Platalea ajaja)[1] je vták z rodu lyžičiarov. Žije v Amerike, od juhu USA cez Strednú Ameriku až po Ameriku Južnú (Argentína). Preferuje vodné biotopy. Tento veľký vták meria 75 – 80 cm a váži 1,2 – 1,75 kg. Krk, chrbát a prsia majú biele sfarbenie, hlava je zelená, zvyšok tela má farbu hlavne ružovú. Potravu (napr. ryby) lyžičiar vyberá z plytkej vody lyžicovým zobákom. Lyžičiar ružový hniezdi v kolóniách, majúcich až 1 000 jedincov. Do hniezda na stromoch samica nakladie 1 – 5 vajec. O mláďatá sa rodičia starajú 8 týždňov. Lyžičiar ružový je najmenej ohrozený druh.[2][3]

Referencie

  1. https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=70924157EB774F64
  2. Roseate spoonbill (Platalea ajaja) [online]. Arkive.org, [cit. 2018-02-18]. Dostupné online. (po anglicky)
  3. HANCOCK, James & kol.. Storks, Ibises and Spoonbills of the World. [s.l.] : Christopher Helm Publishers, 2011. ISBN 978-1-4081-3499-3. Kapitola Roseate spoonbill, s. 275−281. (po anglicky)

Iné projekty

Ei1.jpg Tento článok týkajúci sa živočíchov je zatiaľ „výhonok“. Pomôž Wikipédii tým, že ho doplníš a rozšíriš.
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Lyžičiar ružový: Brief Summary ( Eslovaco )

fornecido por wikipedia SK

Lyžičiar ružový (Platalea ajaja) je vták z rodu lyžičiarov. Žije v Amerike, od juhu USA cez Strednú Ameriku až po Ameriku Južnú (Argentína). Preferuje vodné biotopy. Tento veľký vták meria 75 – 80 cm a váži 1,2 – 1,75 kg. Krk, chrbát a prsia majú biele sfarbenie, hlava je zelená, zvyšok tela má farbu hlavne ružovú. Potravu (napr. ryby) lyžičiar vyberá z plytkej vody lyžicovým zobákom. Lyžičiar ružový hniezdi v kolóniách, majúcich až 1 000 jedincov. Do hniezda na stromoch samica nakladie 1 – 5 vajec. O mláďatá sa rodičia starajú 8 týždňov. Lyžičiar ružový je najmenej ohrozený druh.

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Rosenskedstork ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV

Rosenskedstork[2] (Platalea ajaja) är en amerikansk fågel i familjen ibisar inom ordningen pelikanfåglar.[3]

Utseende

Rosenskedstorken mäter 71–86 centimeter i längd, har ett vingspann på 120–130 centimeter och väger 1,2-1,8 kilogram.[4] Den har lång hals, långa ben och lång näbb vars spets är skedformad. Adulta fåglar har ljust gulgrönt fjäderlöst huvud där den främre delen av ansiktet blir gyllengult under häckningsperioden.[5] Den har vitaktig hals, ovansida och bröst och är i övrigt djuprosa. Näbben är grå till grårosa och ögat rött. Könen är lika.

Precis som hos vissa arter av flamingo beror den rosa färgen på karotener som den får i sig via födan. Främst är det pigmentet canthaxanthin men även astaxanthin.[6] Färgen kan variera från ljust rosa till kraftigt magenta, beroende på ålder och pltas.

Utbredning och systematik

Fågeln förekommer från södra USA till norra Argentina, Brasilien och Västindien.[3] Tidigare placerades den som enda art i släktet Ajaja. Den behandlas som monotypisk, det vill säga att den inte delas in i några underarter.

Status och hot

Arten har ett stort utbredningsområde och en stor population med stabil utveckling som inte tros vara utsatt för något substantiellt hot.[1] Utifrån dessa kriterier kategoriserar internationella naturvårdsunionen IUCN arten som livskraftig (LC).[1] Världspopulationen uppskattas till 120.000 vuxna individer.[7]

Namn

Fågelns vetenskapliga namn kommer från tupíspråkets namn Ayayá eller Ajajá för fågeln.[8]

Bildgalleri

Noter

  1. ^ [a b c] Birdlife International 2012 Platalea ajaja Från: IUCN 2015. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.4 www.iucnredlist.org. Läst 2016-02-01.
  2. ^ Sveriges ornitologiska förening (2017) Officiella listan över svenska namn på världens fågelarter, läst 2017-08-14
  3. ^ [a b] Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2015) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 2015 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download, läst 2016-02-11
  4. ^ [1] (2011).
  5. ^ Howell, SNG; Webb, S (1995). A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. Oxford University Press. sid. 147–8. ISBN 0198540124
  6. ^ Brush, A. H. 1990. Metabolism of cartenoid pigments in birds. The FASEB Journal. 4:2969-2977.
    Fox, D. L. 1962. Carotenoids of the Roseate Spoonbill. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 6:305-310.
    (Mentioned in the Cornell Lab of Ornithology page).
  7. ^ Partners in Flight (2017). Avian Conservation Assessment Database. 2017.
  8. ^ Jobling, J. A. (2016). Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology. Ur del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (red.) (2016). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. Hämtad från www.hbw.com.

Externa länkar

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Rosenskedstork: Brief Summary ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV

Rosenskedstork (Platalea ajaja) är en amerikansk fågel i familjen ibisar inom ordningen pelikanfåglar.

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Pembe kaşıkçı ( Turco )

fornecido por wikipedia TR

Pembe kaşıkçı (Platalea ajaja), aynakgiller familyasından bir kaşıkçı türüdür. ABD'nin güneyi ile Güney Amerika arasındaki nemli bölgelerde yaşar.

Galeri

Dış bağlantılar

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Pembe kaşıkçı: Brief Summary ( Turco )

fornecido por wikipedia TR

Pembe kaşıkçı (Platalea ajaja), aynakgiller familyasından bir kaşıkçı türüdür. ABD'nin güneyi ile Güney Amerika arasındaki nemli bölgelerde yaşar.

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Косар рожевий ( Ucraniano )

fornecido por wikipedia UK

Таксономія, номенклатура

Нерідко ранг виду піднімають до родового рівня, з визнанням роду Ajaja. Назва Ajaja, найімовірніше, пов'язана зі звукоімітацією, походить з мови «тупі»[2] (Tupi — діалект індіанців Бразилії).

Опис

Косар рожевий досягає довжини приблизно 86 см. Ділянки спини корсаря рожевого білі, крила і груди мають яскраве червоне забарвлення. Довгі ноги-ходулі, типові для лелекоподібних, забарвлені в червоний колір. Дзьоб і голова від сірого до чорного кольору, біля основи дзьоба є жовта пляма. Типова для виду форма дзьоба має форму ложки.

Поширення

Косар рожевий віддає перевагу теплим, сонячним вологим районам Флориди, особливо Еверглейдс. Їх можна спостерігати в тій же самій області, де мешкають алігатори або пуми, здобиччю яких вони також є. Проте, Косар рожевий не зимує у Флориді, а мігрують до Чилі або Аргентини.

Розмноження

Косар рожевий гніздяться у великих колоніях. У гніздо висотою до 30 см самка відкладає від 3 до 5 яєць. Через 21 день висиджування з'являються пташенята. Спочатку їх вигодовують батьківські птиці, відригуючи попередньо перетравлену їжу доти, поки вони самостійно не зможуть взяти їжу із дзьоба батьків. Через 8 тижнів птахи стають самостійними і можуть літати.

Загрози

Косар рожевий вважався раніше видом, якому загрожувало вимирання. Всього 100 років тому він був на межі вимирання. Пір'я цієї прекрасної тварини використовувалися модельєрами для своїх творінь і оплачувалися в три рази дорожче вартості золота. Сьогодні загрозу являє полювання на птахів у місцях зимівлі, в США птах знаходиться під охороною.

Вся популяція оцінюється від 100 тис. до 250 тис. птахів.

Світлини

Посилання

Примітки

  1. Фесенко Г. В. Вітчизняна номенклатура птахів світу. — Кривий Ріг : ДІОНАТ, 2018. — 580 с. — ISBN 978-617-7553-34-1.
  2. Jobling, James A. Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names, 2010
Птах Це незавершена стаття з орнітології.
Ви можете допомогти проекту, виправивши або дописавши її.
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Cò thìa hồng ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Cò thìa hồng (danh pháp hai phần: Platalea ajaja) là một loài chim trong họ Cò quăm.[2] Nó là một loài sinh sản định cư ở Nam Mỹ chủ yếu là phía đông của dãy Andes, và ở các vùng ven biển của vùng biển Caribbea, Trung Mỹ, Mexico, và Vùng Vịnh của Hoa Kỳ[3][4]. Cò thìa hồng dài 71–86 cm (28–34 in), sải cánh dài 120–133 cm (47–52 in) và cân nặng 1,2–1,8 kg (2,6–4,0 lb)[Chuyển đổi: Số không hợp lệ].[5] Con trưởng thành có đầu màu hơi xanh lá cây vào thời kỳ sinh sản[6]

Hình ảnh

Tham khảo

 src= Wikimedia Commons có thư viện hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Cò thìa hồng  src= Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về Cò thìa hồng
  1. ^ BirdLife International (2012). Platalea ajaja. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2013.2. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế. Truy cập ngày 26 tháng 11 năm 2013.
  2. ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson (2012). “The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.7.”. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 12 năm 2012.
  3. ^ “Roseate Spoonbill”. Waterbird Conservation. National Audubon Society. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 24 tháng 10 năm 2008. Truy cập ngày 23 tháng 7 năm 2009.
  4. ^ Dumas, Jeannette V. 2000. Roseate Spoonbill (Platalea ajaja), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Truy cập ngày 12 tháng 11 năm 2009. Subscription required
  5. ^ [1] (2011).
  6. ^ Howell, SNG; Webb, S (1995). A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. Oxford University Press. tr. 147–8. ISBN 0-19-854012-4.


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến chim này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Cò thìa hồng: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Cò thìa hồng (danh pháp hai phần: Platalea ajaja) là một loài chim trong họ Cò quăm. Nó là một loài sinh sản định cư ở Nam Mỹ chủ yếu là phía đông của dãy Andes, và ở các vùng ven biển của vùng biển Caribbea, Trung Mỹ, Mexico, và Vùng Vịnh của Hoa Kỳ. Cò thìa hồng dài 71–86 cm (28–34 in), sải cánh dài 120–133 cm (47–52 in) và cân nặng 1,2–1,8 kg (2,6–4,0 lb)[Chuyển đổi: Số không hợp lệ]. Con trưởng thành có đầu màu hơi xanh lá cây vào thời kỳ sinh sản

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wikipedia VI

Розовая колпица ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Класс: Птицы
Подкласс: Настоящие птицы
Инфракласс: Новонёбные
Семейство: Ибисовые
Подсемейство: Колпицы (Plataleinae Bonaparte, 1838)
Род: Колпицы
Вид: Розовая колпица
Международное научное название

Platalea ajaja Linnaeus, 1758

Синонимы
Ajaia ajaja (Linnaeus, 1758)
Охранный статус Wikispecies-logo.svg
Систематика
на Викивидах
Commons-logo.svg
Изображения
на Викискладе
ITIS 174941NCBI 371920EOL 1064972FW 368754

Ро́зовая ко́лпица[1] (лат. Platalea ajaja) — вид птиц семейства ибисовых.

Описание

Розовая колпица достигает длины примерно 86 см. Участки спины розовой колпицы белые, крылья и грудь имеют яркую красную окраску. Длинные ноги-ходули, типичные для аистообразных, окрашены в багровый цвет. Клюв и голова от серого до чёрного цвета, у основания клюва имеется жёлтое пятно. Типичная для колпиц форма клюва имеет форму ложки.

Распространение

Розовые колпицы предпочитают тёплые, солнечные влажные области Флориды, особенно Эверглейдс. Их можно наблюдать в той же самой области, где обитают аллигаторы или пумы, добычей которых они также являются. Тем не менее, розовые колпицы не зимуют во Флориде, а мигрируют в Чили или Аргентину.

Размножение

Розовые колпицы живут в больших колониях и занимаются уходом за птенцами. В гнездо высотой до 30 см самка откладывает от 3 до 5 яиц. Через 21 день высиживания появляются птенцы. Сначала их выкармливают родительские птицы, отрыгивая предварительно переваренную пищу до тех пор, пока они самостоятельно не смогут взять пищу из клюва родителей. Через 8 недель птицы становятся самостоятельными и могут летать.

Угрозы

Розовая колпица считалась раньше видом, которому угрожало вымирание. Всего 100 лет назад она была на грани вымирания. Перья этого прекрасного животного использовались модельерами для своих творений и оплачивались в три раза дороже стоимости золота. Сегодня угрозу представляет охота на птиц в местах зимовки, в США птица находится под охраной.

Вся популяция оценивается от 100 тыс. до 250 тыс. птиц.

Галерея

Примечания

  1. Бёме Р. Л., Флинт В. Е. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Птицы. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский / Под общ. ред. акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., «РУССО», 1994. — С. 28. — 2030 экз.ISBN 5-200-00643-0.
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Розовая колпица: Brief Summary ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию

Ро́зовая ко́лпица (лат. Platalea ajaja) — вид птиц семейства ибисовых.

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玫瑰琵鷺 ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Platalea ajaja
(Linnaeus, 1758)

玫瑰琵鷺學名Platalea ajaja),又名玫瑰紅琵鷺粉紅琵鷺,是一種琵鷺。牠們有時被分類到單型玫瑰琵鷺屬中。牠們是南美洲留鳥,分佈在安地斯山脈東邊,加勒比海地區中美洲墨西哥美國墨西哥灣沿岸地區[1][2]

特徵

 src=
飛行時的玫瑰琵鷺。

玫瑰琵鷺高80厘米,翼展闊1.2-1.3米。牠們的腳很長,喙長而呈竹片狀。成鳥頭部光禿及呈綠色[3]頸部、背部及胸部呈白色,其他的都呈深粉紅色。喙呈灰色。雄鳥和雌鳥相似。

玫瑰琵鷺飛行時的頭部向前伸。

繁殖

 src=
在巢中的成鳥及兩隻幼鳥。

玫瑰琵鷺會在叢林或樹上(一般在紅樹林)築巢。牠們每次會生2-5隻蛋,蛋呈白色及有褐色斑紋[3]。幼鳥的頭部有羽毛及呈白色,主羽較為淡色。喙呈黃色或粉紅色。

威脅

現有沒有資料指有掠食成鳥。雛鳥有時會被紅頭美洲鷲白頭海鵰浣熊紅火蟻所殺。[2]於2006年發現了一隻達16歲的玫瑰琵鷺,是為野外年紀最老的[4]

覓食

玫瑰琵鷺會在淺水區覓食,涉足及將喙放入水中尋找食物。牠們吃甲殼類、水生甲蟲及蟲、青蛙蠑螈和細小的魚類。牠們有時會在雪鷺大白鷺三色鷺美洲鵜鶘附近覓食。在美國达灵国家野生动物避难处(J. N. "Ding" Darling National Wildlife Refuge)是一個可以容易觀賞玫瑰琵鷺的地方。

參考

  1. ^ Roseate Spoonbill. Waterbird Conservation. National Audubon Society. [2009-07-23]. (原始内容存档于2008-10-24).
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Dumas, Jeannette V. Roseate Spoonbill (Platalea ajaja). The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Cornell Lab of Ornithology. 2000 [2009-11-12].
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Howell, Steve N. G.; Webb, Sophie. A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. Oxford University Press. 1995: 147–8. ISBN 0-19-854012-4.
  4. ^ Researchers: Oldest Wild Spoonbill Found

外部連結

 src= 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:玫瑰琵鷺
 title=
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玫瑰琵鷺: Brief Summary ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科

玫瑰琵鷺(學名:Platalea ajaja),又名玫瑰紅琵鷺或粉紅琵鷺,是一種琵鷺。牠們有時被分類到單型玫瑰琵鷺屬中。牠們是南美洲留鳥,分佈在安地斯山脈東邊,加勒比海地區中美洲墨西哥美國墨西哥灣沿岸地區

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维基百科作者和编辑
original
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site do parceiro
wikipedia 中文维基百科

ベニヘラサギ ( Japonês )

fornecido por wikipedia 日本語
ベニヘラサギ Roseate Spoonbill - Myakka River State Park.jpg 保全状況評価 LEAST CONCERN
(IUCN Red List Ver.3.1 (2001))
Status iucn3.1 LC.svg 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 鳥綱 Aves : ペリカン目 Pelecaniformes : トキ科 Threskiornithidae : ヘラサギ属 Platalea : ベニヘラサギ P. ajaja 学名 Platalea ajaja 和名 ベニヘラサギ 英名 Roseate Spoonbill

ベニヘラサギ(紅箆鷺、学名Platalea ajaja)とは、ペリカン目トキ科に分類される鳥類の一種である。

分布[編集]

アメリカのメキシコ湾沿岸から中央アメリカ南アメリカ西インド諸島に分布する。

形態[編集]

体長は69-81cm。翼開長は約120cm。頭と喉は皮膚が裸出していて緑褐色である。頸から上背にかけては白色で、体のそれより下の部分は次第にピンク色をおびている。特に翼や腰は鮮やかなピンク色になる。前胸に赤色の房状の飾羽がある。嘴はやや黄色みがかった灰色、足は黒赤色である。

幼鳥は、体色のピンク色が薄く、嘴は黄色い。頭部はほとんど羽毛に覆われている。約3年で成鳥羽になる。

生態[編集]

湖沼、河川、湿地、などに生息する。

食性は主に動物食で、魚類甲殻類昆虫類などを捕食する。また、植物の種子などを食べることもある。

繁殖形態は卵生。繁殖期はコロニーを形成するが、しばしばトキコウ類やサギ類と混合コロニーとなる。雄が巣材を集め、雌が樹上に巣を作る。 1腹2-5個の卵を産み、抱卵期間は23-24日である。抱卵、育雛とも雌雄共同で行う。雛は孵化後約35-45日で巣立ちする。

参考文献[編集]

  • 『世界の動物|分類と飼育 コウノトリ目+フラミンゴ目』、財団法人東京動物園協会、1985年、94頁
 title=
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ベニヘラサギ: Brief Summary ( Japonês )

fornecido por wikipedia 日本語

ベニヘラサギ(紅箆鷺、学名:Platalea ajaja)とは、ペリカン目トキ科に分類される鳥類の一種である。

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
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ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia 日本語