Obovaria retusa és una espècie de mol·lusc bivalve pertanyent a la família Unionidae.
Descripció
- És un musclo d'aigua dolça de color verd groguenc a marró en els individus joves i que enfosqueix amb l'edat.
- Els marges de la petxina ventral i posterior es troben arrodonits amb regularitat.
- La superfície de la closca està marcada per línies concèntriques i irregulars de creixement.[2][3][4][5]
Reproducció
Les femelles són gràvides a les acaballes d'agost.[6][7][8]
Subespècies
Hàbitat
Viu als rius de fons de grava o sorra.[10][11][12]
Distribució geogràfica
Es troba als Estats Units: la seua distribució històrica comprèn Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsilvània, Tennessee i Virgínia Occidental.[10][2][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][12][22][23][24][25][26]
Estat de conservació
Ha estat eliminat de gairebé tota l'àrea que ocupava a causa de la pèrdua del seu hàbitat (principalment per la construcció d'embassaments, el dragatge de la grava del fons aquàtic, el manteniment de canals, la qualitat de l'aigua per l'extracció de petroli i gas natural, i la pesca comercial). A hores d'ara, només n'hi ha cinc poblacions, les quals, sembla ésser, no són viables per a la seua supervivència.[2][27][28]
Referències
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↑ uBio (anglès)
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↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 NatureServe (anglès)
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↑ Simpson, C.T., 1914. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naides or Pearly Fresh-water Mussels. Bryant Walker: Detroit, Michigan. 1540 pp.
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↑ LaRocque, A., 1966-1970. Pleistocene Mollusca of Ohio. Bureau of the Geological Survey of Ohio, 62(1-4): 113-356.
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↑ Parmalee, P.W., 1967. The freshwater mussels of Illinois. Illinois State Museum, Popular Science Series, 8: 1-108.
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↑ Ortmann, A.E., 1909. The breeding season of Unionidae in Pennsylvania. The Nautilus 22:91-95, 99-103.
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↑ Ortmann, A.E., 1912. Notes upon the families and genera of the najades. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 8(2): 222-365.
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↑ Howard, A.D., 1915. Some exceptional cases of breeding among the Unionidae. The Nautilus, 29: 4-11.
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↑ Catalogue of Life (anglès)
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↑ 10,0 10,1 IUCN (anglès)
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↑ Neel, J. K. i W.R. Allen, 1964. The mussel fauna of the Upper Cumberland Basin before its impoundment. Malacologia, 1(3): 427-459.
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↑ 12,0 12,1 Hickman, M.E., 1937. A contribution to the Mollusca of eastern Tennessee. MS Thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville (Tennessee). 165 pp.
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↑ Butler, R.S., R.R. Cicerello i E.L. Laudermilk, 1997. Obovaria retusa: confirmation of an extant population in the upper Green River, Kentucky. Triannual Unionid Report, 13: 16.
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↑ Cicerello, R.R. i G.A. Schuster, 2003. A guide to the freshwater mussels of Kentucky. Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission Scientific and Technical Series, 7: 1-62.
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↑ Cummings, K.S. i C.A. Mayer, 1992. Field Guide to Freshwater Mussels of the Midwest. Illinois Natural History Survey Manual 5, Illinois. 194 pp.
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↑ Cummings, K.S. i C.A. Mayer, 1997. Distributional checklist and status of Illinois freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Unionacea). Pàgines 129-145. A: K.S. Cummings, A.C. Buchanan, C.A. Mayer i T.J. Naimo (eds.). Conservation and management of freshwater mussels II: initiatives for the future. Proceedings of a UMRCC Symposium, octubre del 1995, St. Louis, Missouri. Upper Mississippi River Conservation Committee, Rock Island, Illinois.
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↑ Cummings, K.S. i J.M. Berlocher, 1990. The naiades or freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) of the Tippecanoe River, Indiana. Malacological Review, 23: 83-98.
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↑ Dennis, S.D., 1984. Distributional analysis of the freshwater mussel fauna of the Tennessee River system, with special reference to possible limiting effects of siltation. Ph.D. Thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virgínia. 247 pp.
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↑ Fisher, B.E., 2006. Current status of freshwater mussels (Order Unionoida) in the Wabash River drainage of Indiana. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, 115(2): 103-109.
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↑ Garner, J.T. i S.W. McGregor, 2001. Current status of freshwater mussels (Unionidae, Margaritiferidae) in the Muscle Shoals area of Tennessee River in Alabama (Muscle Shoals revisited again). American Malacological Bulletin, 16(1/2): 155-170.
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↑ Gordon, M.E. i J.B. Layzer, 1989. Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionoidea) of the Cumberland River review of life histories and ecological relationships. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report, 89(15): 1-99.
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↑ Parmalee, P.W. i A.E. Bogan, 1998. The Freshwater Mussels of Tennessee. University of Tennessee Press: Knoxville (Tennessee). 328 pp.
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↑ Parmalee, P.W. i W.E. Klippel, 1982. A relict population of Obovaria retusa in the middle Cumberland River, Tennessee. The Nautilus, 96: 30-32.
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↑ Strayer, D., 1983. The effects of surface geology and stream size on freshwater mussel (Bivalvia, Unionidae) distribution in southeastern Michigan, U.S.A. Freshwater Biology, 13: 253-264.
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↑ Van der Schalie, H., 1938. The naiad fauna of the Huron River in southeastern Michigan. Miscellaneous Publication of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 40: 7-78.
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↑ Williams, J.D., A.E. Bogan, i J.T. Garner, 2008. Freshwater Mussels of Alabama & the Mobile Basin in Georgia, Mississippi & Tennessee. University of Alabama Press: Tuscaloosa, Alabama. 908 pp.
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↑ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), 1991. Ring pink mussel recovery plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: Atlanta, Geòrgia. 24 pp.
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↑ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), 2006. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; establishment of nonessential experimental population status for 15 freshwater mussels, 1 freshwater snail, and 5 fishes in the lower French Broad River and in the lower Holston River, Tennessee; Proposed Rule. Federal Register, 71(113): 34195-34230.
Bibliografia
- Baillie, J. i Groombridge, B., 1996. Llista Vermella d'Animals Amenaçats de la UICN 1996. UICN, Gland, Suïssa.
- Bogan, A.E. i P.W. Parmalee, 1983. Tennessee's Rare Wildlife: Volum II: The Mollusks. Report to the Tennessee Natural Heritage Program and Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency: Nashville, Tennessee. 123 pp.
- Bogan, A.E., 1993. Workshop on freshwater bivalves of Pennsylvania. Workshop hosted by Aquatic Systems Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, held at Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 6-7 de maig del 1993. 80 pp.
- Groombridge, B. (ed.), 1994. 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. UICN, Gland, Suïssa.
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UICN, 1990. 1990 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. UICN, Gland, Suïssa i Cambridge, la Gran Bretanya.
- Lefevre, G. i W.T. Curtis, 1912. Studies on the reproduction and artificial propogation of fresh-water mussels. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, 30: 102-201.
- Mirarchi, R. E., J. T. Garner, M. F. Mettee i P.E. O'Neil, 2004. Alabama wildlife. Volum 2. Imperiled aquatic mollusks and fishes. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. xii + 255 pp.
- Moyle, P. i J. Bacon, 1969. Distribution and abundance of molluscs in a fresh water environment. Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science, 35(2/3): 82-85.
- Ortmann, A.E., 1919. Monograph of the naiades of Pennsylvania. Part III. Systematic account of the genera and species. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum, 8(1): 1-385.
- Strayer, D.L., 1999. Use of flow refuges by unionid mussels in rivers. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 18(4): 468-476.
- Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn, Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, et al., 1998. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks, 2a edició. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26. 526 pàgines. American Fisheries Society. Bethesda, Maryland, els Estats Units. ISBN 1-888569-01-8.
- Watters, G.T., 1992. Unionids, fishes, and the species-area curve. Journal of Biogeography, 19: 481-490.
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