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Milne-Edward's sifakas are preyed on by fossas (Cryptoprocta ferox). In order to avoid these predators they use their jumping speed which surpasses the speed of a fossa in the trees. Young may also be preyed on by large raptors, although this has not been documented.
Known Predators:
Milne-Edward's sifakas are black or chocolate brown sifakas with white patches on the hind legs and back. These white patches are not always present and sometimes are replaced by silver-tipped hairs. They have a short, naked black face with forward facing eyes for increased depth perception. The ears are also naked but generally covered by the fur on the head. Males have a dark black or brown gular gland. Their eyes are orange-red. Head and body length is from 42 to 52 cm, tail length is from 41 to 48 cm, and weight is from 5 to 6.5 kg.
Range mass: 5 to 6.5 kg.
Range length: 42 to 52 cm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike
Milne-Edward's sifakas can live a long time and reproduce slowly. Almost half of all young Milne-Edward's sifakas do not survive beyond 1 year because of predation and stress associated with habitat loss. Some mortalities of young are the result of infanticide by males from outside of family groups.
Milne-Edward's sifakas live on the eastern coast of Madagascar in the coastal mountain range in primary and secondary forest habitats from 600 to 1600 m elevatiion. Forested habitats in these mountains have been reduced by human exploitation, although areas are now protected in refuges.
Range elevation: 600 to 1600 m.
Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest ; mountains
Propithecus edwardsi is found only on the island of Madagascar which lies off the southwest coast of Africa. They are only found in a small area of southeastern Madagascar from the Mangoro and Onvine rivers in the north to the Rienana River in the south, within the Andringitra National Park. Formerly they probably occurred as far south as the Manampatrana River. A clinal gradient seems to be expressed between Propithecus edwardsi and Propithecus diadema due to a change in environments. They are both found in the same area but P. diadema is found on more inland mountain ranges.
Biogeographic Regions: ethiopian (Native )
Other Geographic Terms: island endemic
Milne-Edward's sifakas are mainly frugivores, but they also eat leaves, seeds, and flowers. They eat a wide variety of plants on a daily basis and throughout the year, with their diet varying with seasonal availability of foods.
Plant Foods: leaves; wood, bark, or stems; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit; flowers
Primary Diet: herbivore (Frugivore )
Milne-Edward's sifakas eat fruit which helps to disperse the seeds of the trees they forage in. They also help to create awareness of endangered endemic species and generate support for forest conservation in Madagascar.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds
Milne-Edward's sifakas are sometimes hunted for food, but hunting is restricted due to difficulty acquiring guns. They also create a need for selective logging so that the remaining forest has the characteristics necessary to support populations of Milne-Edward's sifakas. They are an important and charismatic member of native Malagasy forests.
Positive Impacts: food ; ecotourism ; research and education
Milne-Edward's sifakas have no recorded negative impacts on humans.
Milne-Edward's sifakas use different sounds to communicate. “Moos” are used to inform others of group’s location. Warning calls include a sudden “zusss” sound to warn of enemies on the ground and barking, which warns of aerial threats. When they are lost, individuals whistle to let their group know where to find them. Allogroooming is a form of tactile communication and it is likely that other forms of touch and body language are used among individuals. Scent marking by males is a form of sexual communication.
Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Other Communication Modes: scent marks
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Milne-Edward's sifakas are endangered primarily because of habitat loss. Over the past thirty years the total wild population has decreased by more than 50%. It is predicted that the population will experience another 50% decrease over the next three years. Loss of habitat is due to logging, gold mining, and illegal rum production. Other human impacts include hunting, mostly in the northern part of their habitat. Hunting and deforestation are considered the most serious threats to Propithecus edwardsi populations. In an effort to help conserve the species there are a few national parks set aside in their range. There are reports of them living in some forests outside of these parks. There are no known captive populations.
US Federal List: endangered
CITES: appendix i
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: endangered
Milne-Edward's sifakas are generally not monogamous for life. Family groups normally have one adult pair which reproduces. The rest of the family group is usually the offspring of this pair. During the mating season, towards the end of May, males sometimes move through groups, which helps to maintain diversity in the gene pool. Milne-Edward's sifakas currently tend to live in somewhat larger groups because of the restriction of their home ranges due to habiat loss. Males use their gular glands to stimulate estrus in females. They mark trees and branches and even mark the fur on the head and back of the members of the opposite sex. Males follow females smelling their genitalia to determine mating readiness.
Mating System: monogamous
Milne-Edward's sifakas reproduce slowly. Females reproduce every other year, with birth in June and July. Family groups tend to have one pair of breeding adults, the rest of the group are their offspring from past seasons. Groups typically only grow by one or two new members every breeding season.
Breeding interval: Females breed every other year.
Breeding season: End of May
Range number of offspring: 1 to 2.
Range gestation period: 17 to 22 weeks.
Average weaning age: 2 months.
Average time to independence: 8 months.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous
Milne-Edward's sifaka young are carried on their mother's stomach until they are ready to latch onto their backs at about 3 to 4 weeks old. Once an infant sifaka starts to try climbing and leaping on its own, it is not unusual to see them fall. Sifakas learn by watching adults. When a mother sifaka sees that her young as fallen, she goes to take care of it. Females are usually in charge of taking care of the infants. However, it is not uncommon to see male sifakas providing food to females to give to their young and sometimes the young of others.
Parental Investment: precocial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Male, Female, Protecting: Female); post-independence association with parents; extended period of juvenile learning
Ar sifaka Milne-Edwards[1] a zo ur primat, Propithecus edwardsi an anv skiantel anezhañ. E-pad pell amzer e voe sellet outañ evel un isspesad (Propithecus diadema edwardsi) eus ar sifaka talgenet (Propithecus diadema).
Dougen a ra anv al loenoniour hag ar mezeg gall Henri Milne Edwards (1800-1885).
Tiriad Propithecus edwardsi e ruz. Brosezat eo al loen e koadegi reter Madagaskar.
Ar sifaka Milne-Edwards a zo ur primat, Propithecus edwardsi an anv skiantel anezhañ. E-pad pell amzer e voe sellet outañ evel un isspesad (Propithecus diadema edwardsi) eus ar sifaka talgenet (Propithecus diadema).
Dougen a ra anv al loenoniour hag ar mezeg gall Henri Milne Edwards (1800-1885).
El sifaca de Milne-Edwards (Propithecus edwardsi) és una espècie de primat de la família dels índrids, dins del grup dels lèmurs. L'espècie fou anomenada en honor d'Alphonse Milne-Edwards[1] i fins fa poc temps se la considerava una subespècie del sifaca de diadema.
El sifaca de Milne-Edwards (Propithecus edwardsi) és una espècie de primat de la família dels índrids, dins del grup dels lèmurs. L'espècie fou anomenada en honor d'Alphonse Milne-Edwards i fins fa poc temps se la considerava una subespècie del sifaca de diadema.
Der Edwards-Sifaka (Propithecus edwardsi) ist eine Primatenart aus der Familie der Indriartigen innerhalb der Lemuren. Er ist zu Ehren von Henri Milne Edwards benannt. Ehemals galt er als Unterart des Diademsifakas.
Edwards-Sifakas erreichen eine Kopfrumpflänge von 42 bis 52 Zentimetern, der Schwanz ist mit 41 bis 48 Zentimeter fast so lang wie der Körper. Ihr Gewicht beträgt 5 bis 6,5 Kilogramm, sie zählen damit zu den größten Arten der Sifakas. Ihr Fell ist überwiegend schwarz oder dunkelbraun gefärbt, am hinteren Teil des Rückens und der Flanken befindet sich eine weißliche, sattelartige Zeichnung, die von einem schwarzen Streifen in der Mitte des Rückens durchtrennt wird. Das Gesicht ist ebenfalls schwarz, aber unbehaart, die Augen sind orangerot.
Wie alle Lemuren kommen Edwards-Sifakas nur auf Madagaskar vor. Sie sind in den Regenwäldern im Osten der Insel verbreitet, ihr Verbreitungsgebiet reicht von den Flüssen Mangoro und Onive im Norden bis zum Andringitra-Bergland im Süden. Sie kommen bis in 1700 Meter Seehöhe vor.
Diese Primaten sind tagaktive Baumbewohner. In der Nacht schlafen sie auf Astgabeln, rund 8 bis 10 Meter über dem Boden. Am Tag begeben sie sich auf Nahrungssuche, wobei sie sich senkrecht kletternd und springend fortbewegen. Sie leben in Gruppen von drei bis neun Tieren, die aus mehreren Männchen und Weibchen und den gemeinsamen Jungtieren bestehen. Die Gruppen werden von den Weibchen angeführt und sind in ihrer Zusammensetzung über mehrere Jahre hinweg stabil. Die Gruppen bewohnen ein festes Territorium mit 45 bis 55 Hektar Größe, das mit Drüsensekret markiert wird.
Edwards-Sifakas sind Pflanzenfresser, die sich von Blättern, Früchten, Samen und Blüten ernähren. Manchmal kommen sie auf den Boden, um Erde zu fressen. Dies kann dazu dienen, Spurenelemente aufzunehmen oder in der Nahrung enthaltenen Giftstoffe zu neutralisieren.
Nach einer rund 180-tägigen Tragzeit bringt das Weibchen im Juni oder Juli ein einzelnes Jungtier zur Welt. Dieses wiegt bei der Geburt rund 150 Gramm und klammert sich zunächst an den Bauch der Mutter, später reitet es auf ihrem Rücken. Nach rund sechs Monaten werden sie entwöhnt, nach vier bis fünf Jahren sind sie geschlechtsreif. Die Männchen müssen ihre Geburtsgruppe dann verlassen, die Weibchen verlassen sie ebenfalls oder bleiben darin.
Die Hauptbedrohung der Edwards-Sifakas sind die Zerstörung ihres Lebensraums durch Brandrodungen, Abholzungen und den Bergbau sowie die Bejagung. Die IUCN schätzt, dass in den letzten 30 Jahren (drei Generationen) die Gesamtpopulation um mehr als 50 % zurückgegangen ist und listet die Art als „stark gefährdet“ (endangered).
Der Edwards-Sifaka (Propithecus edwardsi) ist eine Primatenart aus der Familie der Indriartigen innerhalb der Lemuren. Er ist zu Ehren von Henri Milne Edwards benannt. Ehemals galt er als Unterart des Diademsifakas.
Milne-Edwards's sifaka (Propithecus edwardsi), or Milne-Edwards's simpona, is a large arboreal, diurnal lemur endemic to the eastern coastal rainforest of Madagascar. Milne-Edwards's sifaka is characterized by a black body with a light-colored "saddle" on the lower part of its back. It is closely related to the diademed sifaka, and was until recently considered a subspecies of it.[3] Like all sifakas, it is a primate in the family Indriidae.
Milne-Edwards's sifaka is categorized as endangered by the IUCN, and is listed in CITES Appendix I.[1][2] As of 2008 there were estimated to be approximately 28600 individuals left with only about 3500 of those remaining in protected areas.[4] It remains threatened by habitat loss, hunting and may be sensitive to a changing climate.[4]
Milne-Edwards's sifaka is the second largest species in Propithecus, and one of the larger diurnal lemur species overall. The average weight of a male Milne-Edwards's sifaka is 5.90 kg (13.0 lb) and for females it is 6.30 kg (13.9 lb). The body length excluding the tail is 47.6 cm (18.7 in) for males and females measure 47.7 cm (18.8 in).[5] The tail is slightly shorter than the body, averaging 455 mm (17.9 in) in length or about 94% of the total head and body length.[6]
The Milne-Edwards's sifaka has a typical Propithecus body shape with orange-red eyes and a short, black, bare face ringed by a puffy spray of dark brown to black fur. The majority of its coat is dark brown or black long silky fur, but on the center of the sifaka's back and flanks is a brown to cream colored saddle shaped area which is divided in half by a line of dark fur along the spine. The shape and coloration of the saddle patch vary by individual. The Milne-Edwards' sifaka exhibit neither sexual dimorphism nor sexual dichromatism.[5]
As with all lemurs, the Milne-Edwards's sifaka has special adaptations for grooming, including a toilet-claw on its second toe, and a toothcomb.[7][8]
The hands and feet of the lemur have prehensile "thumbs" and big toes, which allow it to maintain a superb grip on trunks and branches. The pads of its fingers and toes are rough and have a large contact area. Its nails are also sharp and pointed, which allows them to dig in if it slips. The big toe of the Milne-Edwards's sifaka and indrids in general is longer and has a deeper cleft compared to that of lemurids. This is thought to reflect stronger grasping abilities.[9]
The arboreal lifestyle of P. edwardsi demands high coordination, a well-developed grip, and considerable acrobatics. This lemur moves by vertical clinging and leaping, meaning it maintains an upright position leaping from tree trunk to tree trunk and moving along branches. It leaping between trees, the Milne-Edwards's sifaka performs a 180 degree twist in midair so that it is facing the incoming landing target. Primarily movements of the arms but also those of the tail are used to adjust the body's rotation and stability on the fly. When landing, the Milne-Edwards's sifaka swings its tail and outstretched forearms downward to help keep the body forward much like a long-jumper. It hands hind legs first. The tail and one arm is flung forward turing takeoff.[6]
Milne-Edwards's sifakas can probably leap between 8 and 10 m (26 and 33 ft). The lemur rarely descends from the relative safety of the canopy, so spends little time on the ground. P. edwardsi will solely use trees to traverse its habitat, however if forced to cross open area like roads it will use a bipedal sideways hop.[10][11]
The Milne-Edwards's sifaka can hang from its hind legs upside-down.[9]
The sifaka practices climbing and leaping in its infancy when it ventures from its mother's back. It is not uncommon for infant lemurs to fall, whereupon the mother quickly comes to the infant's assistance. Adult lemurs typically don't fall although they may occasionally lose their grip if the bark of the tree shears off from beneath their fingers. Lemurs may carry food while they travel in their hands, though they prefer to place the objects in their mouth.
Milne-Edwards's sifaka is endemic to the island of Madagascar off the southeastern coast of Africa. Milne-Edwards's sifaka is found in primary and secondary rainforests on the southeastern part of the island at elevations between 600 and 1,600 m (2,000 and 5,200 ft). Milne-Edwards' sifaka has the southernmost range of the diademed sifakas. The Mangoro and Onive rivers border the northern part of its range and its southern range extends to Andringitra National Park and the Rienana River.[5][12]
The following lemur species can be found within the same geographic range as the Milne-Edwards's sifaka:[5][13]
The behavior and social organization of P. edwardsi is particularly well studied.[5] The Milne-Edwards's sifaka is arboreal, diurnal, territorial, and group-forming. Females are dominant over males, typical of lemurs but extremely rare in all other primates.
The Milne-Edwards's sifaka's diet is composed primarily of both mature and immature leaves and seeds, but they also regularly consume flowers and fruit. They also supplement their diet with soil and subterranean fungus. In the process of foraging, the Milne-Edwards' sifakas range an average of 670 m (2,200 ft) per day.[5]
Milne-Edwards's sifakas form multi-male/multi-female, multi-age groups of between three and nine individuals with a mean group size of 4.8.[5] Depending on the number and gender of individuals, the group may be polygynandrous, polyandrous, polygynous, or monogamous. Shifts in the number of individuals or the ratio of males and females will affect the social structure. The groups provide protection from predators, while the size is limited by inter-group competition for seasonal feeding resources. Group dynamics are probably dictated by balancing the benefits and costs of predation protection, inter-group competition for food resources, and mating opportunities. About half of Milne-Edwards's sifakas of the individuals of both sexes born in a particular group will emigrate; females leave as juveniles, while males can leave as both juveniles and adults.[5]
Milne-Edwards's sifakas become sexually mature at 2 or 3 years or age. Milne-Edwards's sifakas have one mating season annually during the austral summer in the months of December and January. Females give birth during the austral winter months of May and July after a 179-day gestation.[5]
Most of the research on Propithecus edwardsi is conducted at Ranomafana National Park in Madagascar. Most of the lemurs are collared and the lead females carry a tracking device. Currently there are no captive lemurs of this species.
Milne-Edwards's sifaka (Propithecus edwardsi), or Milne-Edwards's simpona, is a large arboreal, diurnal lemur endemic to the eastern coastal rainforest of Madagascar. Milne-Edwards's sifaka is characterized by a black body with a light-colored "saddle" on the lower part of its back. It is closely related to the diademed sifaka, and was until recently considered a subspecies of it. Like all sifakas, it is a primate in the family Indriidae.
El sifaca de Milne-Edwards (Propithecus edwardsi) es un primate estrepsirrino de la familia Indriidae. Es arborícola y endémico de la selva lluviosa del este de Madagascar.
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El sifaca de Milne-Edwards (Propithecus edwardsi) es un primate estrepsirrino de la familia Indriidae. Es arborícola y endémico de la selva lluviosa del este de Madagascar.
Propithecus edwardsi on indrilaste sugukonda sifaka perekonda kuuluv poolahv.
Ta on üsna haruldane. Teda leidub vaid paaril looduskaitsealal Madagaskari kaguosas. Nad elavad vihmametsas 600–1600 m kõrgusel merepinnast. Levila põhiosa jääb Ranamofana rahvusparki. Nende levila põhjapiiriks on Mangoro ja Onive jõgi. Levila lõunaosa ulatub Andringitra rahvusparki ja Rienana jõeni.
Neil on tüüpiline sifaka kehakuju, oranžikaspunased silmad ja lühike must karvutu nägu. Enamik karvastikust on tumepruun või must ja siidine, kuid selja keskel ja külgedel on heledam pruun või kreemikas ala, mille jagab pooleks tume piki selgroogu kulgev joon. Selle heledama ala suurus ja kuju on eri isenditel erinev. Sugulist dimorfismi neil ei esine.
Nende kummagi käe teisel sõrmel on maniküüriküünis, ülejäänud sõrmedel on küüned. Pöial ja suurvarvas võivad ülejäänud sõrmedele ja varvastele vastanduda.
Need sifakad moodustavad mitmest isasest ja mitmest emasest koosnevad mitmesuguses vanuses isendite salgad, mille suurus on 3–9, keskmiselt 4,8 isendit. Salku juhivad emasloomad: see on poolahvidel tavaline, kuid teistel esikloomalistel üliharuldane. Salk võib olla nii polüandriline, polügüünne, polügünandriline kui monogaamne. Salkades elamine pakub kaitset röövloomade eest, kuid salga suurust piirab salgasisene konkurents toidu pärast. Umbes pool Propithecus edwardsi sifakatest lahkub sellest salgast, kus nad on sündinud. Emased lahkuvad noorloomadena, isased nii noorloomade kui täiskasvanutena.
Nad elavad peaaegu kogu elu puu otsas. Selline eluviis nõuab head koordinatsiooni, tugevat haaret ja märkimisväärseid akrobaatilisi võimeid. Edasiliikumiseks hüppavad nad ühe puu otsast teise puu otsa ning liiguvad mööda puuharusid. Hüppe ajal teevad nad tavaliselt poolpöörde: enne hüpet vaatavad nad puud, millelt ära tõukavad, aga hüppe lõpufaasis vaatavad nad seda puud, millele maanduvad. Keha pööramiseks ja kere stabiilsuse hoidmiseks kasutavad nad saba. Tagajalad maanduvad puule enne esijalgu ja saba kasutatakse hüppamise hoo vähendamiseks. Tõenäoliselt suudavad nad hüpata kuni 8 meetrit. Nad suudavad rippuda ka pu otsas, pea ja käed allapoole, hoides end tagajalgadega kinni.
Võimaluse korral liigub Propithecus edwardsi alati puu otsas. Kui on siiski hädavajalik maale laskuda, näiteks tee ületamiseks, liiguvad nad kahel jalal ja hüppavad külgsuunas.
Noored sifakad õpivad hüppamist oma ema seljas emaga kaasa liikudes. Noorloomade jaoks pole ema seljast mahakukkumises midagi haruldast. Ema tuleb seepeale pojale kiiresti appi. Täiskasvanud sifakad üldjuhul ei kuku. Siiski võib see toimuda näiteks siis, kui ta maandub hüppe järel puule, mille koor lahti tuleb.
Need ahvid võivad asju, näiteks toitu ka kätes kanda, kuigi eelistavad esemeid kanda suus.
Nad kaaluvad 5–6,5 kg. Nad söövad peamiselt lehti ja seemneid, nii täiskasvanuid kui noori/tooreid. Samuti söövad nad õisi ja puuvilju. Nad tarvitavad toiduks ka pinnast ja maa-aluseid seeni. Päevas liiguvad nad toiduotsinguil keskmiselt 670 meetrit.
Nad saavad suguküpseks 2-3 aasta vanuselt. Paarituvad üks kord aastas, lõunapoolkera suvel detsembris-jaanuaris. Emased sünnitavad talvekuudel maist juulini pärast 179 päeva kestnud tiinust.
Nende suremus on küttimise ja raie tõttu väga suur.
Nende uurimine toimub peamiselt Ranamofana rahvuspargis. Enamikule Propithecus edwardsi isenditele on pandud kaelavõru ja juhtemastele on pandud jälitusseade. Praegu ei peeta vangistuses ühtki selle liigi isendit.
Propithecus edwardsi
Le Propithèque de Milne-Edwards (Propithecus edwardsi) est un lémurien de la famille des indridés.
Le Propithèque de Milne-Edwards vit dans les forêts subhumides et les forêts des basses-terres de l'Est de Madagascar.
Propithecus edwardsi
Le Propithèque de Milne-Edwards (Propithecus edwardsi) est un lémurien de la famille des indridés.
Il sifaka di Milne-Edwards (Propithecus edwardsi A. Grandidier, 1871) è un lemure della famiglia degli Indriidae.
Come tutti i lemuri è endemico del Madagascar, dove vive nella zona centro-orientale del paese.
Il corpo è nero e ricoperto da pelo lungo e setoso, mentre i fianchi sono bianchi o grigio-argentei.
Il rapporto zampe anteriori/posteriori del sifaka si Milne-Edwards è simile a quello dell'uomo. Le zampe di questi animali hanno una forma a pinza che aiuta a mantenere una presa assai salda sui rami: i polpastrelli sono callosi e rigonfi, mentre le unghie sono appuntite. Quando però si tratta di scendere al suolo, il sifaka parte assai svantaggiato, poiché deve poggiare le zampe lateralmente per non farsi del male: essendo inoltre le zampe posteriori più lunghe, non cammina mai a quattro zampe, ma saltella eseguendo la caratteristica "danza" tipica dei sifaka.
Si tratta di animali arboricoli, diurni ed erbivori: mentre si muove oppure salta fra gli alberi (compiendo salti lunghi fino a 6 m), mantiene sempre una posizione verticale. Pur vivendo in gruppo, è estremamente raro che si scambi vocalizzi.
Specie considerata in pericolo in base ai criteri della IUCN red list.
È osservabile presso il Parco Nazionale di Ranomafana.
Il sifaka di Milne-Edwards (Propithecus edwardsi A. Grandidier, 1871) è un lemure della famiglia degli Indriidae.
De Milne-Edwards' sifaka (Propithecus edwardsi) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de indriachtigen (Indriidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Alfred Grandidier in 1871, die de soort vernoemde naar zijn collega Henri Milne-Edwards.
De soort komt voor tussen de rivieren Mangoro en Mananara in het centraal-oosten van Madagaskar, waar deze onder andere leeft in het nationaal park Ranomafana.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
De Milne-Edwards' sifaka (Propithecus edwardsi) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de indriachtigen (Indriidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Alfred Grandidier in 1871, die de soort vernoemde naar zijn collega Henri Milne-Edwards.
Propithecus edwardsi är en primat i släktet sifakor som förekommer på östra Madagaskar. Den räknades tidigare som underart till diademsifaka och godkänns nu oftast som självständig art.[2][1]
Individerna når en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) av 42 till 52 cm och en svanslängd av 41 till 48 cm. Vikten varierar mellan 5 och 6,5 kg. Arten har huvudsakligen en mörkbrun päls. På låren och på stjärten är pälsen vit eller de mörka håren har bara silvergråa spetsar. Huden i ansiktet har nästan inga hår och är svartaktig. Som kontrast har ögonen en orangeröd färg.[3]
Utbredningsområdet ligger i centrala delen av provinsen Fianarantsoa. Propithecus edwardsi vistas där i kulliga områden och låga bergstrakter upp till 1600 meter över havet. Habitatet utgörs av tropiska regnskogar.[1]
Denna sifaka är aktiv på dagen och vistas nästan uteslutande i träd. Individerna bildar familjegrupper av ett föräldrapar och deras ungar med 3 till 9 medlemmar. Flocken har ett revir som är 40 till 250 hektar stort. För kommunikationen finns olika läten och ömsesidig pälsvård förstärker det sociala bandet.[3]
Propithecus edwardsi äter främst frukter samt några blad, blommor och frön.[3]
Honor parar sig allmänt vartannat år. Efter 17 till 22 veckor dräktighet föds i juni eller juli ett eller ibland två ungar. Ungdjuren håller sig fast i pälsen vid moderns mage och senare klättrar de även på moderns rygg. Efter cirka två månader slutar honan med digivning. Bara 50 procent av ungarna överlever första året.[3] Könsmognaden infaller för honor efter fyra år och för hannar efter fem år. Honor kan ibland stanna i flocken medan hannar alltid flyttar till en annan flock.[4]
Arten kan de bli 35 år gammal.[4]
Fossan (Cryptoprocta ferox) är artens största naturliga fiende. Beståndet hotas dessutom av skogsavverkningar, av svedjebruk och av jakt. IUCN uppskattar att hela populationen minskade med 50 procent. Arten listas därför som starkt hotad (EN).[1]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Propithecus edwardsi.
Wikispecies har information om Propithecus edwardsi.
Propithecus edwardsi är en primat i släktet sifakor som förekommer på östra Madagaskar. Den räknades tidigare som underart till diademsifaka och godkänns nu oftast som självständig art.
Propithecus edwardsi là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Indridae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Grandidier mô tả năm 1871.[2]
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Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Linh trưởng này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Propithecus edwardsi là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Indridae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Grandidier mô tả năm 1871.
Propithecus edwardsi A. Grandidier, 1871
Синонимы
Propithecus edwardsi (лат.) — вид приматов из семейства индриевых. Это достаточно крупный лемур, эндемик восточных прибрежных дождевых лесов Мадагаскара. Отличается чёрной шерстью с седловидной светлой отметиной на спине. Близкородственный вид — диадемовый сифака, подвидом которого он ранее считался. Видовое латинское название дано в честь французского зоолога Анри Мильн-Эдвардса (1800—1885)[1].
Это второй по величине вид в составе рода Propithecus и один из крупнейших дневных лемуров вообще. Средний вес самца составляет 5,9 кг, средний вес самки 6,3 кг. Длина тела в среднем 47,6 см для самцов и 47,7 см для самок.[2] Хвост немного короче тела, длина его составляет около 45,5 см или 94 % общей длины тела.[3]
Глаза оранжево-красные, мордочка безволосая, небольшая, с тёмной кожей, окружена кольцом из тёмно-коричневой или чёрной шерсти. Шерсть на теле длинная, в основном тёмно-коричневая или чёрная, в центре спины и по бокам кремового цвета. Половой диморфизм не выражен.[2]
Как и другие лемуры, у представителей этого вида есть специальный коготь на втором пальце задней конечности, используемый для груминга.[4][5] Как передние, так и задние конечности снабжены хватательными большими пальцами, позволяющими лучше обхватывать ветви и стволы деревьев. Подушечки шершавые, плоские и широкие, что также улучшает хват.[6]
Поведение и социальная организация Propithecus edwardsi достаточно хорошо изучены.[2] Это древесное, дневное, территориальное животное, живущее в группах. Самки доминируют над самцами, что типично для лемуров, но довольно редко для других приматов.
Рацион составляют зрелые и молодые листья и семена, дополнением рациону служат цветы, фрукты и грибы. В поисках пищи эти животные проделывают путь в 670 метров ежедневно.[2][7][6]
Образуют группы от трёх до девяти особей (средний размер группы 4,8 особи).[2] В зависимости от величины группы и полового состава, группа может быть как полигамной (с гаремом самцов либо самок), так и моногамной. Примерно половина особей обоего пола, родившихся в группе, покидает её. Самки покидают группы в подростковом возрасте, самцы как в подростковом, так и в зрелом возрасте.[2]
Половой зрелости достигают в возрасте 2—3 лет. Брачный сезон проходит ежегодно в первые летние месяцы (на Мадагаскаре это декабрь и январь). Беременность длится около 180 дней. Самки приносят потомство зимой (с мая по июль).[2]
Эндемики Мадагаскара, где населяют первичные и вторичные дождевые леса провинции Фианаранцуа. Встречаются на высоте от 600 до 1600 метров над уровнем моря. На севере ареал ограничен реками Мангуру и Униве, на юг распространяется до реки Риенара и национального парка Андрингитра.[2][8]
Международный союз охраны природы присвоил этому виду охранный статус «вымирающий».[9] По состоянию на 2008 год популяция насчитывала около 28,6 тыс. особей, из которых лишь 3,5 тыс. жили в охраняемых районах острова.[10] Основные угрозы популяции — разрушение среды обитания и охота. Также вид очень чувствителен к перемене климата.[10]
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|coauthors= (справка) |coauthors= (справка) Propithecus edwardsi (лат.) — вид приматов из семейства индриевых. Это достаточно крупный лемур, эндемик восточных прибрежных дождевых лесов Мадагаскара. Отличается чёрной шерстью с седловидной светлой отметиной на спине. Близкородственный вид — диадемовый сифака, подвидом которого он ранее считался. Видовое латинское название дано в честь французского зоолога Анри Мильн-Эдвардса (1800—1885).
밀네에드워즈시파카 (Propithecus edwardsi)는 마다가스카르 섬의 동부 해안가 우림에 서식하는 몸집이 큰 여우원숭이의 일종이다.[2] 주로 나무 위에서 생활하는 수목형 동물이고, 주로 낮에 활동하는 주행성 동물이다. 밀네-에드워즈시파카는 검은 몸이 특징적이며, 등 아랫 부분이 일종의 밝은 색의 "말 안장" 색깔을 띤다. 왕관시파카와 근연 관계에 있으며, 최근까지 왕관시파카의 아종으로 간주되었다.[2] 다른 모든 시파카처럼, 인드리과에 속하는 영장류이다.
