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Kalimantan-Langur ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Der Kalimantan-Langur (Presbytis canicrus, Syn.: P. hosei canicrus, Semnopithecus canicrus) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Schlankaffen (Presbytini), die im Osten der Insel Borneo vorkommt. Ihr Verbreitungsgebiet deckt sich wahrscheinlich in etwa mit dem Territorium der indonesischen Provinz Kalimantan Timur, dessen genauen geografischen Grenzen sind aber nicht bekannt.[1]

Merkmale

Der Kalimantan-Langur ist unter den Mützenlanguren eine kleine und besonders langschwänzige Art und ähnelt dem Sabah-Langur (P. sabana). Er erreicht eine Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von etwa 48 bis 56 cm, eine Schwanzlänge von 65 bis 84 cm sowie ein Gewicht von 5,5 bis 6 kg (Weibchen) und 6 bis 7 kg (Männchen). Das Rückenfell ist eisengrau mit weißen Haarspitzen. Die Bauchseite und die Innenseiten der Gliedmaßen sind grau bis weißlich. Hände und Füße sind schwarz, diese Färbung kann sich auch bis auf die Unterarme und Unterschenkel erstrecken. Die für die Gattung typische Kopfhaube ist schwarz. Die Gesichtshaut ist schwärzlich oder rötlich, am Unterkiefer und den Wangen pinkfarben. Jungtiere sind weiß mit einer schwarzen, kreuzförmigen Zeichnung auf dem Rücken.[1]

Lebensweise

Der Kalimantan-Langur bewohnt den tropischen Regenwald, der in seinem Lebensraum vor allem von Flügelfruchtgewächsen (Dipterocarpaceae) geprägt wird. Er kommt bis in Höhen von 1000 Metern, zeitweise auch bis zu 1600 Metern und möglicherweise höher vor und lebt sympatrisch mit dem Weißstirnlangur (Presbytis frontata) und dem Maronenlangur (Presbytis rubicunda). Die Affen leben in Gruppen zu maximal acht Exemplaren. Sie bestehen aus einem Männchen, zwei bis vier Weibchen und deren Jungen. Über 60 % seiner Zeit hält sich der Kalimantan-Langur im oberen Bereiche der Bäume (> 20 m) auf, etwa 30 % im mittleren und unteren in Höhen von 10 bis 20 Metern. Kalimantan-Languren ernähren sich vor allem von jungen und gerade sprießenden Blättern (66 %), daneben von unreifen Früchten (28 %), Samen, Vogeleiern und Nestlingen. An mineralreichen Quellen wird ein vermutlich medizinisch wirksamer Schlamm aufgenommen.[1]

Gefährdung

Der Kalimantan-Langur wird von der International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) als gefährdet gelistet und ist in Indonesien gesetzlich geschützt. Der Bestand der Art ging in den letzten Jahren kontinuierlich zurück.[2]

Belege

  1. a b c D. Zinner, G. H. Fickenscher & C. Roos: Family Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys). Seite 717 in Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson: Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Primates: 3. ISBN 978-84-96553-89-7
  2. Cheyne, S., Setiawan, A. & Traeholt, C. 2021. Presbytis canicrus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T39808A200247353. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T39808A200247353.en 19 Oktober 2021.
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Kalimantan-Langur: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Der Kalimantan-Langur (Presbytis canicrus, Syn.: P. hosei canicrus, Semnopithecus canicrus) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Schlankaffen (Presbytini), die im Osten der Insel Borneo vorkommt. Ihr Verbreitungsgebiet deckt sich wahrscheinlich in etwa mit dem Territorium der indonesischen Provinz Kalimantan Timur, dessen genauen geografischen Grenzen sind aber nicht bekannt.

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Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
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wikipedia DE

Miller's langur ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Miller's langur (Presbytis canicrus), also known as Miller's grizzled langur or Kutai grey langur, is a species of leaf monkey. It is endemic to East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo in Indonesia. It is one of the world's most endangered primates, and was at one time thought to be extinct, until it was rediscovered in 2012.

Taxonomy

Miller's langur is a leaf monkey within the family Cercopithecidae and subfamily Colobinae.[2] It was formerly considered a subspecies of Hose's langur, Presbytis hosei (as Presbytis hosei canicrus).[3][2][4][5] It was split from P. hosei on the basis of different morphology by primatologists Colin Groves and Christian Roos.[3][6]

Distribution and habitat

Miller's langur is native to the island of Borneo in the province of East Kalimantan in Indonesia.[1] It lives in dipterocarp rainforests up to an elevation of about 1,000 metres (3,300 ft).[6]

Description

Miller's langur ranges from 48 centimetres (19 in) to 56 centimetres (22 in) long excluding tail and has a tail length ranging from 65 centimetres (26 in) to 84 centimetres (33 in).[4] Males weigh from 6 kilograms (13 lb) to 7 kilograms (15 lb) while females weight between 5.5 kilograms (12 lb) and 6 kilograms (13 lb).[4] The fur on its back is gray with a grizzly appearance, and the fur on its belly is whitish.[4] The upper part of its face is black while the lower part of its face is whitish, with the whitish part forming a U shape below the nose.[4][7] It has a brown crown at the top of its head.[4] Infants are white with a black cross on their backs.[6]

Habits

A majority of Miller's langur's diet comes from young leaves and leaf shoots, and their next most important food item is unripe fruit.[4] It also consumes other items such as eggs, seeds and flowers.[4] It typically lives in groups ranging from 5 to 12 animals including a single adult male, with an average group size of 8 monkeys.[4][6] Non-group males are solitary.[4] It is sympatric with two other leaf monkeys from the genus Presbytis, the maroon leaf monkey and the white-fronted surili.[6] It is known to utilize salt licks along with sympatric maroon leaf monkeys.[7] It is arboreal and diurnal, and spends a majority of its time in the mid to upper canopy of the forest.[4]

Conservation status

Miller's langur is listed as endangered by the IUCN due primarily to habitat loss, fragmentation and hunting.[1] It is one of the rarest primates in Borneo. With little information available, it was thought to be extinct several times.[8] In 2012, a team of international scientists rediscovered it in Wehea Forest in East Kalimantan, Borneo, disproving its extinction.[8][9] Wehea Forest is outside Miller's langur's previously known range, which was primarily Kutai National Park to the south of Wehea.[9][7] The scientists used mineral licks and cameras to show that the species still exists, and had difficulty identifying it from the photos since so few photos previously existed.[9] Limited to a geographical range from the central coast of East Kalimantan to the Kutai National Park, the species is highly regarded as an endemic and extremely vulnerable primate. Experts speculate it becoming extinct in the very near future, due to multiple factors such as deforestation and overhunting for its bezoar stones and as a food source.[10] The bezoar stones, which are smooth, hard mineral deposits found in the digestive tracts of some animals, are used as good luck charms, and also for its alleged ability to neutralize some poisons, but only occur in a minority of the monkeys.[7] Although Miller's langur is protected under Indonesian law, the legal protections may be ineffective because it is listed under a defunct scientific name, P. aygula.[4]

In October of 2019, Forrest Galante led an expedition and recorded the first video evidence of a Miller's langur in the 21st century.[11]

References

  1. ^ a b c Cheyne, S.; Setiawan, A.; Traeholt, C. (2021). "Presbytis canicrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39808A200247353. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T39808A200247353.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Presbytis canicrus Miller, 1934". ITIS. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  3. ^ a b "Presbytis canicrus". American Society of Mammalogists. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Nijman, Vincent (2016). Rowe, Noel; Myers, Marc (eds.). All the World's Primates. Pogonias Press. pp. 556–557. ISBN 9781940496061.
  5. ^ Groves, C. P. (2005). "Order Primates". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 171. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  6. ^ a b c d e Groves, Colin; Roos, Christian (2013). Mittermeier Russell A.; Rylands, Anthony B.; Wilson, Don E. (eds.). Handbook of Mammals of the World: Volume 3. pp. 716–717. ISBN 978-8496553897.
  7. ^ a b c d Phillipps, Quentin; Phillipps, Karen (2016). Phillipps' Field Guide to the Mammals of Borneo. Princeton University Press. pp. 164–165. ISBN 9780691169415.
  8. ^ a b "Rare Miller's Grizzled Langur Rediscovered in Borneo" 23 January 2012 ScienceDaily Retrieved 26 October 2012
  9. ^ a b c "'Extinct' monkey still lives in Borneo" 20 January 2012 CBC.ca
  10. ^ Lhota, S.; Loken, B.; Spehar, S.; Fell, E.; Pospěch, A.; Kasyanto, N. (2012). "Discovery of Miller's Grizzled Langur (Presbytis hosei canicrus) in Wehea Forest Confirms the Continued Existence and Extends Known Geographical Range of an Endangered Primate". American Journal of Primatology. 74 (3): 193–198. doi:10.1002/ajp.21983. PMID 24006537. S2CID 19947558.
  11. ^ "'Extinct or Alive' host Forrest Galante discovers rare monkey". 29 October 2019.

11. https://nypost.com/2019/10/29/extinct-or-alive-host-forrest-galante-discovers-rare-monkey/

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Miller's langur: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Miller's langur (Presbytis canicrus), also known as Miller's grizzled langur or Kutai grey langur, is a species of leaf monkey. It is endemic to East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo in Indonesia. It is one of the world's most endangered primates, and was at one time thought to be extinct, until it was rediscovered in 2012.

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original
visite a fonte
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wikipedia EN

Presbytis canicrus ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Il presbite di Miller (Presbytis canicrus (Miller, 1934); syn.: P. hosei canicrus e Semnopithecus canicrus) è una specie di primate della tribù dei Presbytini che vive nella parte orientale dell'isola del Borneo. Il suo areale probabilmente coincide grosso modo con il territorio della provincia indonesiana di Kalimantan Timur, ma i suoi esatti confini geografici non sono noti.

Descrizione

Il presbite di Miller è una specie di presbite piccola e dalla coda particolarmente lunga ed è simile nell'aspetto al presbite di Sabah (P. sabana). Raggiunge una lunghezza testa-tronco di circa 48-56 cm, ha una coda lunga 65-84 cm e pesa 5,5-6 kg (femmine) o 6-7 kg (maschi). Sul dorso la pelliccia è di colore grigio ferro con le punte dei peli bianche. Sulla regione ventrale e la parte interna degli arti il colore va dal grigio al biancastro. Mani e piedi sono neri; questa colorazione può estendersi anche agli avambracci e alla parte inferiore delle gambe. Il «cappuccio», tipico delle specie di questo genere, è nero. La pelle del viso è nerastra o rossastra, e rosa sulla mascella inferiore e sulle guance. Gli esemplari giovani sono bianchi con un disegno nero a forma di croce sulla schiena.

Biologia

Il presbite di Miller vive nella foresta pluviale tropicale, che nelle zone in cui la specie è presente è caratterizzata principalmente da alberi della famiglia delle Dipterocarpacee. Si incontra fino ad altezze di 1000 metri, a volte anche fino a 1600 metri e forse anche più in alto, e condivide l'areale con il presbite dalla fronte bianca (Presbytis frontata) e con il presbite marrone (P. rubicunda). Questa scimmia vive in gruppi composti al massimo da otto esemplari formati da un maschio, da due a quattro femmine e dai loro piccoli. Il presbite di Miller trascorre più del 60% del suo tempo nella zona superiore degli alberi (>20 m) e circa il 30% nella zona centrale e inferiore ad altezze comprese tra 10 e 20 metri. I presbiti di Miller si nutrono principalmente di foglie giovani e appena germogliate (66%), nonché di frutti acerbi (28%), semi, uova di uccelli e nidiacei. Un tipo di fango presumibilmente efficace dal punto di vista curativo viene assunto presso alcune sorgenti ricche di minerali.

Conservazione

Il presbite di Miller viene classificato tra le specie in pericolo dall'Unione internazionale per la conservazione della natura (IUCN) e gode di protezione legale in Indonesia. Ciononostante, la popolazione è diminuita continuamente negli ultimi anni.

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Cheyne, S., Setiawan, A. & Traeholt, C. 2020, Presbytis canicrus, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.

Bibliografia

  • D. Zinner, G. H. Fickenscher e C. Roos, Family Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys), in Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands e Don E. Wilson (a cura di), Handbook of the Mammals of the World - Volume 3: Primates, Lynx Editions, 2013, pp. 717-718, ISBN 978-8496553897.

 title=
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original
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wikipedia IT

Presbytis canicrus: Brief Summary ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Il presbite di Miller (Presbytis canicrus (Miller, 1934); syn.: P. hosei canicrus e Semnopithecus canicrus) è una specie di primate della tribù dei Presbytini che vive nella parte orientale dell'isola del Borneo. Il suo areale probabilmente coincide grosso modo con il territorio della provincia indonesiana di Kalimantan Timur, ma i suoi esatti confini geografici non sono noti.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia IT