dcsimg

Comprehensive Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por North American Flora
Geoprumnon crassicarpum (Nutt.) Rydb.; Small, Fl. SE. U. S 616, 1332. 1903.
Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt.; Fraser, Cat. 1. 1813.
Astragalus crassipes Fraser; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 160 (err.). 1841.
Astragalus carnosus Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 740, in part. 1814; Nutt. Gen. 2: 100. 1818.
Astragalus caryocarpus Ker, Bot. Reg. 2: 176. 1816.
Tragacanlha caryocarpa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 943. 1891.
Phaca caryocarpa MacMill. Metasp. Minn. Valley 326. as synonym. 1892.
Astragalus succulentus Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: pi. 1324. 1830. Not A. succulenlus Richards. 1823.
A perennial, with a cespitose rootstock; stems decumbent, at least below, 1-4 dm. long, sparingly strigose, striate or slightly grooved; leaves spreading, 3-10 cm. long; stipules green or partly hyaline, deltoid, acuminate, 5-7 mm. long; leaflets 15-21, linear to elliptic, cuneate at the base, rounded to acutish at the apex, 5-18 mm. long, 3-7 mm. wide; peduncles 3-7 cm. long; racemes dense, 3-4 cm. long; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, 3-5 mm. long, scarious; pedicels very short; calyx more or less black-hairy, the tube S— 10 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; corolla 2 cm. long, purple; banner oblanceolate, retuse; wings nearly as long, the blade oblong, equaling the claw, with a small reflexed auricle; keel-petals much shorter, the blade broadly lunate, shorter than the claw; pod glabrous, subglobose, about 2 cm. in diameter.
Type locality: Above the river Platte, Nebraska.
Distribution: Prairies and plains from Manitoba to Missouri, Tennessee, New Mexico, Montana, and Saskatchewan.
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citação bibliográfica
Per Axel Rydberg. 1919. (ROSALES); FABACEAE; PSORALEAE. North American flora. vol 24(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
original
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North American Flora

Physical Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por USDA PLANTS text
Perennial, Herbs, Stems woody below, or from woody crown or caudex, Taproot present, Nodules present, Stems erect or ascending, Stems or branches arching, spreading or decumbent, Stems less than 1 m tall, Stems solid, Stems or young twigs glabrous or sparsely glabrate, Leaves alternate, Leaves petiolate, Stipules conspicuous, Stipules membranous or chartaceous, Stipules persistent, Stipules free, Leaves compound, Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, Leaves odd pinnate, Leaf or leaflet margins entire, Leaflets opposite, Leaflets 10-many, Leaves hairy on one or both surfaces, Inflorescences racemes, Inflorescence axillary, Bracts very small, absent or caducous, Flowers zygomorphic, Calyx 5-lobed, Calyx hairy, Petals separate, Corolla papilionaceous, Petals clawed, Petals ochroleucous, cream colored, Petals pinkish to rose, Petals blue, lavander to purple, or violet, Petals bicolored or with red, purple or yellow streaks or spots, Banner petal narrow or oblanceolate, Wing petals narrow, oblanceolate to oblong, Wing tips obtuse or rounded, Keel petals auriculate, spurred, or gibbous, Keel tips obtuse or rounded, not beaked, Stamens 9-10, Stamens diadelphous, 9 united, 1 free, Filaments glabrous, Style terete, Style persistent in fruit, Fruit a legume, Fruit freely dehiscent, Fruit tardily or weakly dehiscent, Fruit indehiscent, Fruit elongate, straight, Fruit orbicular to subglobose, Fruit or valves persistent on stem, Fruit fleshy, Fruit exserted from calyx, Fruit inflated or turgid, Fruit beaked, Fruit glabrous or glabrate, Fruit 11-many seeded, Seeds cordiform, mit-shaped, notched at one end, Seed surface smooth, Seeds olive, brown, or black.
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Dr. David Bogler
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Missouri Botanical Garden
fonte
USDA NRCS NPDC
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USDA PLANTS text

Astragalus crassicarpus ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Astragalus crassicarpus, im englischen als ground-plum oder buffalo-plum („Erdpflaume“ bzw. „Büffelpflaume“) bezeichnet, ist eine Tragant-Art aus der Familie der Hülsenfrüchtler (Fabaceae). Dieser Schmetterlingsblütler ist eine typische Pflanze der Grasländereien der Great Plains, gemeinsam mit vielen nahe verwandten Arten der Prärie.

Merkmale

Die unscheinbare krautige Pflanze ist ausdauernd, meist nur knöchelhoch, kriechend. Wie bei anderen Tragant-Arten sind die Laubblätter aus zahlreichen kleinen, grünen Fiederblättchen zusammengesetzt und unpaarig gefiedert, die Anzahl der Blättchen beträgt meist ca. 8–13 Fiederpaare sowie ein unpaariges Endblättchen.

Der Blütenstand besteht aus kleinen, doldenähnlichen oder locker traubigen Büscheln purpurweißlicher Schmetterlingsblüten, die wie bei den Wicken eher schmal sind.

Die Früchte entwickeln sich auf dem Boden, zwischen den Stängeln liegend. Sie bestehen aus pflaumenartigen, saftigen Kugeln. Ältere Früchte nehmen einen holzig-braunen bis purpurfarbenen Farbton an, vor allem auf der sonnenzugewandten Seite. Die Oberfläche ist glatt und glänzend. Sie sind innen in zwei Kammern unterteilt, die zahlreiche Samen enthalten.

Die Blütezeit reicht von Mai bis Juni.

Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 22.[1]

Vorkommen

Das Verbreitungsgebiet erstreckt sich vom südlichen Kanada (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba) bis hinunter nach Mexiko, erfasst weite Teile des zentralen Prärie-Landes, einschließlich der Missouri-Region, und reicht dabei von Texas bis Montana. Bei ständiger Übergrasung geht der Bestand zurück.

Astragalus crassicarpus kommt im trockenen Grasland der Great Plains vor, da sie als Hülsenfrüchtler über eine Symbiose mit Knöllchenbakterien Stickstoff binden kann. Diese Pflanzen sind daher ein wichtiger natürlicher Dünger und Bodenverbesserer in jenen kargen Gebieten. Deshalb kann die Pflanze noch in halbwüstenartigen Gegenden gedeihen. Sie meidet jedoch Lehmböden.

Nutzung

Noch junge, grüne Früchte sind süßlich und sollen im Geschmack an rohe Grüne Bohnen erinnern. Diese Pflanze hat allerdings zahlreiche, giftige Verwandte, zu denen auch das sogenannte „Locoweed“ (= Englisch-Spanisch: wörtl.: „Verrücktheits-Kraut“) gehört, so dass vom Verzehr abgeraten wird. (Dies gilt für all jene potentiell als „essbar“ oder als Tee genießbar eingestuften amerikanischen Tragant-Arten, da giftige oder selen-speichernde nahverwandte „Doppelgänger“ häufig sind. Selbst bei prinzipiell ungiftigen Arten wie der besonders auffälligen und fleischigen Büffelpflaume besteht durch die Aufnahme von Schadstoffen aus dem Boden eine latente Vergiftungsgefahr.)

Die Lakota-Indianer (= Western Sioux) verwenden die Pflanze traditionell als „horse medicine“, vermutlich als Stimulans zum Appetitanregen, da die krautigen Teile von Pflanzenfressern gern abgegrast werden.

Quellen

  • James R. Johnson, Gary E. Larson: Grassland Plants of South Dakota and the Northern Great Plains. Brookings 1999, ISBN 0-913062-06-5.
  • Rebecca Netzel: Animal Nation and Plant Nation. A Fieldguide for Lakóta Children and for all those adults who still care about Creation. WVT, Trier 2007, ISBN 978-3-88476-945-4.
  • Theodore Van Bruggen: Wildflowers, Grasses and Other Plants of the Northern Plains and Black Hills. 5. Auflage. Rapid City 2003, ISBN 0-912410-05-1.
  • Frank D. Venning: A Guide to Field Identification – Wildflowers of North America. Golden Press, New York/Racine,Wisconsin 1984, ISBN 0-307-13664-7.
  • Susan J. Wernert (Hrsg.): North American Wildlife. 15. Auflage. Pleasantville, N.Y. 1991, ISBN 0-89577-102-0.

Einzelnachweise

  1. Astragalus crassicarpus bei Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
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Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
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wikipedia DE

Astragalus crassicarpus: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Astragalus crassicarpus, im englischen als ground-plum oder buffalo-plum („Erdpflaume“ bzw. „Büffelpflaume“) bezeichnet, ist eine Tragant-Art aus der Familie der Hülsenfrüchtler (Fabaceae). Dieser Schmetterlingsblütler ist eine typische Pflanze der Grasländereien der Great Plains, gemeinsam mit vielen nahe verwandten Arten der Prärie.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia DE

Astragalus crassicarpus ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Astragalus crassicarpus, known as ground plum or buffalo plum, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae, native to North America.[2] It was described in 1813.[3] The fruit is edible and was used by Native Americans as food and horse medicine. It is a host of afranius duskywing larvae. It is also known as groundplum milkvetch and pomme de prairie.[2][4]

Description

The species is 1 to 2 feet tall with pinkish purple flowers and edible fruit pods. The plant grows from thick taproots and several long hairy stems lay on the ground. Its leaves are alternate, between 4–13 cm long, each with 15–27 leaflets that are either elliptic or oblong. The flowers grow in elongated groups among the leaves and the fleshy fruit, measuring 1.5 to 2.5 cm in width, is round.[5] It blooms from May to June.[6]

Astragalus crassicarpus is known as ground plum, though it shares this name with some other species in the genus Astragalus such as Astragalus plattensis.[7] The two species are sometimes confused, though in general, the fruiting pods of A. crassicarpus are glabrous (hairless) while those of A. plattensis are hairy.[8]

Distribution and habitat

Astragalus crassicarpus grows primarily in the Great Plains of Canada and the United States, from British Columbia east to Ontario and south to Texas.[4][8] It has been recorded as far east as Will County, Illinois, but whether it was originally native to this area or an introduction is unknown.[9]

Ground plums grow in sunny drained soil. They can be found in prairies, pastures, limestone out-croppings and rocky open woods throughout the Mississippi Valley.[5] It is common throughout much of the southern parts of its range.[8]

Cultivation

Ground plum has a large and deep taproot. It can only be grown from seed and it is also slow to germinate. The ripe seeds are glossy black with a very hard seed coat.[10]

Edibility

Ground plums

The name crassicarpus (from both Latin and Greek) means "thick fruited" which refers to the plant's fleshy fruits.[9] The Dakota people gave the plant the name "pte ta wote" (buffalo food), while the Omaha and Ponca people gave the plant two names, "tdika shande" and "wamide wenigthe" (something to go with seed).[5] The Omaha and Ponca used the plant to prepare corn seed for planting. The Dakota ate the fruit right off of the plant and the Pawnee ate them to sate their thirst.[5] The fruit dries out once the seeds ripen, making them become tough and inedible by midsummer.[11] It was used as medicine for horses by the Lakota people.[12]

It is a food source for sheep and cattle.[11] Although the fruit is edible, the rest of the plant is poisonous.[13] The immature fruit can be eaten raw, cooked, or pickled.[5] Its fruit tastes like a sweet pea and they were eaten by the original inhabitants of the prairie, though the raw fruit has been described as "hardly appetizing".[5][8] The cooked fruits taste like string beans.[8] Similar looking species are completely poisonous.[5] The afranius duskywing butterfly (Erynnis afranius) uses the plant as a host for its larvae.[6]

References

  1. ^ Contu, S. (2012). "Astragalus crassicarpus". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 208. e.T19035773A78457022. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T19891488A20011898.en.
  2. ^ a b c "Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
  3. ^ "Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt". ipni.org. International Plant Names Index. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
  4. ^ a b USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Astragalus crassicarpus". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Kindscher, Kelly (1987). Edible Wild Plants of the Prairie. University Press of Kansas. pp. 61–63. ISBN 0700603255.
  6. ^ a b Bachmann, Amanda (June 16, 2016). "South Dakota Plants to Know: Astragalus crassicarpus". iGrow. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
  7. ^ Nowick, Elaine (2014). Historical common names of Great Plains plants, with scientific names index. ISBN 9781609620585.
  8. ^ a b c d e "Monographs Details: Astragalus plattensis Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gra". World Flora Online. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  9. ^ a b Wilhelm, Gerould; Rericha, Laura (2017). Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis. Indiana Academy of Sciences.
  10. ^ Barr, Claude A. (1983). Jewels of the plains : wild flowers of the Great Plains grasslands and hills. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 38–39. ISBN 0-8166-1127-0.
  11. ^ a b Bulletin, Issues 1-6. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1895. p. 11.
  12. ^ Haddock, Mike (September 7, 2007). "Ground-Plum Milk-Vetch". Kansas Wildflowers and Grasses. Kansas State University. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
  13. ^ "Astragalus crassicarpus". Lady Bird Johnson Wildlife Center. Retrieved December 9, 2018.

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wikipedia EN

Astragalus crassicarpus: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Astragalus crassicarpus, known as ground plum or buffalo plum, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae, native to North America. It was described in 1813. The fruit is edible and was used by Native Americans as food and horse medicine. It is a host of afranius duskywing larvae. It is also known as groundplum milkvetch and pomme de prairie.

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direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
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wikipedia EN

Astragalus crassicarpus ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

Astragalus crassicarpus es una especie de planta herbácea perteneciente a la familia de las leguminosas. Se encuentra en Norteamérica.[1]

 src=
Detalle de las flores
 src=
Frutos
 src=
Vista de la planta

Distribución

Es una planta herbácea perennifolia que se encuentra en Norteamérica en Canadá y Estados Unidos.

Taxonomía

Astragalus crassicarpus fue descrita por Thomas Nuttall y publicado en Catalogue of New and Interesting Plants Collected in Upper Louisiana n. 6, en el año 1813.[2]

Etimología

Astragalus: nombre genérico derivado del griego clásico άστράγαλος y luego del Latín astrăgălus aplicado ya en la antigüedad, entre otras cosas, a algunas plantas de la familia Fabaceae, debido a la forma cúbica de sus semillas parecidas a un hueso del pie.[3]

crassicarpus: epíteto latíno que significa "con fruto grueso".[4]

Variedades aceptadas
Sinonimia
  • Astragalus carnosus Pursh
  • Astragalus carnosus Nutt.
  • Astragalus caryocarpus Ker.Gawl.
  • Astragalus crassicarpus Fraser Cat. ex DC.
  • Astragalus crassicarpus var. paysonii (E.H.Kelso) Barneby
  • Astragalus crassicarpus var. trichocalyx (Torr. & A.Gray) Gleason
  • Astragalus mexicanus var. trichocalyx (Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray) Fernald
  • Astragalus prunifer Rydb.
  • Astragalus succulentus Richardson
  • Astragalus succulentus var. paysonii E.H. Kelso
  • Astragalus trichocalyx Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray
  • Geoprumnon crassicarpum (Nutt.) Rydb.
  • Geoprumnon succulentum (Richardson) Rydb.
  • Geoprumnon trichocalyx (Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray) Rydb.
  • Tragacantha caryocarpa (Ker. Gawl.) Kuntze[5]

Referencias

 title=
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Autores y editores de Wikipedia
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wikipedia ES

Astragalus crassicarpus: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

Astragalus crassicarpus es una especie de planta herbácea perteneciente a la familia de las leguminosas. Se encuentra en Norteamérica.​

 src= Detalle de las flores  src= Frutos  src= Vista de la planta
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Autores y editores de Wikipedia
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Astragalus crassicarpus ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Astragalus crassicarpus est une espèce végétale de la famille des Fabaceae. Elle est originaire d'Amérique du Nord.

Description

Cette astragale est une plante herbacée pérenne.

Répartition et habitat

Elle est originaire du Canada et des États-Unis.

Nomenclature et systématique

Cette espèce a reçu d'autres appellations, synonymes mais non valides :

  • Astragalus carnosus Pursh
  • Astragalus carnosus Nutt.
  • Astragalus caryocarpus Ker. Gawl.
  • Astragalus succulentus Richardson
  • Geoprumnon crassicarpum (Nutt.) Rydb.
  • Geoprumnon succulentum (Richardson) Rydb.
  • Tragacantha caryocarpa (Ker. Gawl.) Kuntze

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wikipedia FR

Astragalus crassicarpus: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Astragalus crassicarpus est une espèce végétale de la famille des Fabaceae. Elle est originaire d'Amérique du Nord.

licença
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Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
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wikipedia FR

Astragalus crassicarpus ( Indonésio )

fornecido por wikipedia ID

Astragalus crassicarpus adalah spesies tumbuhan yang tergolong ke dalam famili Fabaceae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Fabales. Spesies Astragalus crassicarpus sendiri merupakan bagian dari genus Astragalus. [1] Nama ilmiah dari spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan oleh Nutt..

Referensi

  1. ^ "Astragalus". The Plant List. Diakses tanggal 8 September 2018.




 src= Artikel bertopik tumbuhan ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.
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Astragalus crassicarpus: Brief Summary ( Indonésio )

fornecido por wikipedia ID

Astragalus crassicarpus adalah spesies tumbuhan yang tergolong ke dalam famili Fabaceae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Fabales. Spesies Astragalus crassicarpus sendiri merupakan bagian dari genus Astragalus. Nama ilmiah dari spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan oleh Nutt..

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Astragalus crassicarpus ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Astragalus crassicarpus là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Đậu. Loài này được Nutt. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Astragalus crassicarpus. Truy cập ngày 5 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


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original
visite a fonte
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Astragalus crassicarpus: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Astragalus crassicarpus là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Đậu. Loài này được Nutt. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên.

licença
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Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia VI