Andrias Tschudi 1837

Four juveniles were collected from the spring at the mouth of the cave by a local resident who lives about 200 meters from the Cave. Her family kept the salamanders in a pool in their yard for four years, feeding them gold fish. The four individuals now weigh about 2.0 to 2.5 kilograms each. We took two of the individuals to Kunming. The cave is the water supply for the town and the mouth of the cave is too small for people to enter to capture an unknown small number of adults. Juveniles swim out of the cave each January and, if found by residents of the town of 35,000 people, are collected and raised for food. According to the mayor of the town, between 50 and 100 juveniles are caught each year. There are no Andrias farms in the town and the people just keep them until they want to eat them or someone wealthy comes to the town to buy one. The residents are mostly Yi Minority. Zili Fang, the Deputy Director of the Sichuan Department of Environment has known about this population for over 15 years. He made arrangements for us to meet the Mayor who took us to the house where the four salamanders were kept. The small river, starting about 20 meters from the mouth of the cave is extremely polluted and silted. No salamanders have been seen for many years anywhere except the mouth of the cave. This river is a tributary of the huge Yangtze River where Andrias are now completely extinct. According to Zili Fang there are less than a dozen wild populations left in Sichuan. All are thought to be quite small and all are associated with clear streams in the immediate vicinity of caves or in small tributaries of the Yangtze that flow out of uninhabited mountains. We think the Small Fish Cave population consists of only one or two adult pairs based on the small number of juveniles that are found each January.

Four juveniles were collected from the spring at the mouth of the cave by a local resident who lives about 200 meters from the Cave. Her family kept the salamanders in a pool in their yard for four years, feeding them gold fish. The four individuals now weigh about 2.0 to 2.5 kilograms each. We took two of the individuals to Kunming. The cave is the water supply for the town and the mouth of the cave is too small for people to enter to capture an unknown small number of adults. Juveniles swim out of the cave each January and, if found by residents of the town of 35,000 people, are collected and raised for food. According to the mayor of the town, between 50 and 100 juveniles are caught each year. There are no Andrias farms in the town and the people just keep them until they want to eat them or someone wealty comes to the town to buy one. The residents are mostly Yi Minority. Zili Fang, the Deputy Directoy of the Sichuan Department of Environment has know about this population for over 15 years. He made arrangements for us to meet the Mayor who took us to the house where the four salamanders were kept. The small river, starting about 20 meters from the mouth of the cave is extremely polluted and silted. No salamanders have been seen for many years anywhere except the mouth of the cave. This river is a tributary of the huge Yangtze River where Andrias are now completely extinct. According to Zili Fang there are less than a dozen wild populations left in Sichuan. All are thought to be quite small and all associated with clear streams in the immediate vicinity of caves or in small tributaries of the Yangtze the flow out of uninhabited mountains. We think the Small Fish Cave population consists of only one or two adult pairs based on the small number of juveniles that are found each January. The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI) and the Kunming Institute of Zoology (KIZ) are considering a project to sequence the entire genome of Andrias. If so, this specimen, form an exact locality and now a vouchered specimen at KIZ will be the one used for the project.

Japanese Giant Salamander (Andrias japonicus) at Ueno Zoo, Tokyo, Japan.From Open Cage

Summary.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;padding:5px;font-size:95%;border-spacing:2px;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:4px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{background:#ccf;text-align:right;padding-right:0.4em;width:15%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{border-top:0;padding-top:0;margin-top:-8px}@media only screen and (max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table.fileinfotpl-type-information{border-spacing:0;padding:0;word-break:break-word;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody{display:block}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:0.2em 0.4em;text-align:left;text-align:start}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{box-sizing:border-box;flex:1 0 100%;width:100%}} Description: Kyoto Aquarium (京都水族館), Kyoto, Kyoto prefecture, Japan. Date: 4 October 2012. Source: Own work. Author: Oilstreet. Permission(Reusing this file): GFDL+creative commons2.5.

Summary.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;padding:5px;font-size:95%;border-spacing:2px;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:4px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{background:#ccf;text-align:right;padding-right:0.4em;width:15%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{border-top:0;padding-top:0;margin-top:-8px}@media only screen and (max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table.fileinfotpl-type-information{border-spacing:0;padding:0;word-break:break-word;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody{display:block}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:0.2em 0.4em;text-align:left;text-align:start}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{box-sizing:border-box;flex:1 0 100%;width:100%}} Description: Nederlands: Beschrijving Artis, aquarium, reuzensalamander in de broedtijd Documenttype foto Vervaardiger Vogt, August F.W. (1871-1922) Collectie Archief van het Koninklijk Zoölogisch Genootschap Natura Artis Magistra Datering 1903 Inventarissen http://archief.amsterdam/archief/395/4534 Afbeeldingsbestand 000395000569. Date: circa 1903 date QS:P,+1903-00-00T00:00:00Z/9,P1480,Q5727902. Source: http://beeldbank.amsterdam.nl/afbeelding/000395000569. Author: Vogt, August F.W. (1871-1922).

Summary.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;padding:5px;font-size:95%;border-spacing:2px;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:4px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{background:#ccf;text-align:right;padding-right:0.4em;width:15%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{border-top:0;padding-top:0;margin-top:-8px}@media only screen and (max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table.fileinfotpl-type-information{border-spacing:0;padding:0;word-break:break-word;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody{display:block}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:0.2em 0.4em;text-align:left;text-align:start}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{box-sizing:border-box;flex:1 0 100%;width:100%}} Description: Nederlands: Beschrijving Artis, aquarium, reuzensalamander met eieren Documenttype foto Vervaardiger Vogt, August F.W. (1871-1922) Collectie Archief van het Koninklijk Zoölogisch Genootschap Natura Artis Magistra Datering 1903 Inventarissen http://archief.amsterdam/archief/395/4534 Afbeeldingsbestand 000395000598. Date: circa 1903 date QS:P,+1903-00-00T00:00:00Z/9,P1480,Q5727902. Source: http://beeldbank.amsterdam.nl/afbeelding/000395000598. Author: Vogt, August F.W. (1871-1922).

Description: English: Andrias japonicus (Temminck, 1836)2434418468. Date: undefined. Source: https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2434418468. Author: Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Siebold%20Ph.F.%20von). : This media file is part of an observation on GBIF:gbif.org/occurrence/2434418468This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing.

Description: English: Andrias japonicus (Temminck, 1836)2434418468. Source: https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2434418468. Author: Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Siebold%20Ph.F.%20von). : This media file is part of an observation on GBIF:gbif.org/occurrence/2434418468This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing.

Description: Deutsch: Ein erhaltenes Exemplar des Japanischer Riesensalamander (Andrias japonicus) in das Museo di Storia Naturale e del Territorio der Universität Pisa, in die Toskana Region in Mittelitalien. English: Preserved specimen of a Japanese giant salamander (Andrias japonicus), "Museum of Natural History and of the Territory of the University of Pisa" (i.e. Calci Museum), Pisa, Tuscany, Italy. Italiano: La salamandra gigante giapponese (Andrias japonicus), Museo di storia naturale e del territorio dell'Università di Pisa, Certosa di Calci. Svenska: Konserverat exemplar av japansk jättesalamander (Andrias japonicus) vid Museo di storia naturale e del territorio dell'Università di Pisa i regionen Toscana i mellersta Italien. Date: 1 January 2010, 16:55:21. Source: Own work. Author: Notafly.

Description: English: Andrias japonicus (Temminck, 1836)2434418468. Date: undefined. Source: https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2434418468. Author: Naturalis Biodiversity Center . . Native name: Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Location: Leiden. Coordinates: 52° 09′ 53″ N, 4° 28′ 24″ E . Established: 2010. Web page: naturalis.nl. Authority control: : Q641676 VIAF: 132063008 ISNI: 0000 0001 2159 802X LCCN: n92025427 GND: 5025979-9 SUDOC: 157896315 WorldCat. institution QS:P195,Q641676. : This media file is part of an observation on GBIF:gbif.org/occurrence/2434418468This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing.

Description: English: Japanese giant salamanders in Tottori Prefecture. Date: 2 August 2017. Source: Own work. Author: Salamandra2021.

Summary.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;padding:5px;font-size:95%;border-spacing:2px;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:4px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{background:#ccf;text-align:right;padding-right:0.4em;width:15%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{border-top:0;padding-top:0;margin-top:-8px}@media only screen and (max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table.fileinfotpl-type-information{border-spacing:0;padding:0;word-break:break-word;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody{display:block}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:0.2em 0.4em;text-align:left;text-align:start}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{box-sizing:border-box;flex:1 0 100%;width:100%}} Description: Giant Salamander. Date: 3 August 2012, 00:35. Source: Giant Salamander. Author: Laika ac from USA. Camera location35° 40′ 30.53″ N, 139° 44′ 21.22″ E View all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap 35.675147; 139.739227.

Description: 日本語: 三重県名張市にある日本サンショウウオセンターの入口付近。. Date: 13 August 2018. Source: Own work. Author: Stck w.

Summary Regnum: Animalia • Phylum: Chordata • Classis: Amphibia • Ordo: Caudata • Familia: Cryptobranchidae • Genus: Andrias • Species: Andrias japonicus Description: Wikispecies has an entry on: Andrias japonicus Deutsch: Ein Exemplar des Japanischer Riesensalamander (Andrias japonicus). English: A Japanese giant salamander (Andrias japonicus). Italiano: La salamandra gigante giapponese (Andrias japonicus). 日本語: オオサンショウウオ Plattdüütsch: Japaansch Resensalamander (Andrias japonicus). Svenska: En japansk jättesalamander (Andrias japonicus). 動物界 脊索動物門 両生綱 有尾目 オオサンショウウオ科 オオサンショウウオ属. Date: 24 December 2007. Source: http://opencage.info/pics/large_7347.asp. Author: Daiju Azuma. Other versions: Image:Andrias japonicus cropped.jpg (extraneous material cropped out).

Description: English: Captive Japanese Giant Salamanders in the Kyoto aquarium. Date: 2 January 2013, 11:35:58. Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/veisto/8558671034/. Author: V31S70.