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Cicuta ye un xéneru de plantes de la familia Apiaceae qu'entiende cuatro especies de plantes bien venenoses, natives del hemisferiu norte. Entiende 60 especies descrites y de estes, solo 4 aceptaes.[1]
Son plantes yerbácea perennes que crecen hasta 1-2 metros d'altor.
Anque dalgunes de les especies d'esti xéneru guarden cierta paecencia a la Conium maculatum (llamada cicuta), son especies distintes.
El xéneru foi descritu por Carlos Linneo y espublizóse en Species Plantarum 1: 255–256. 1753.[2] La especie tipo ye: Cicuta virosa L.
Cicuta: nome clásicu llatín de la cicuta,[3]
De siguío bríndase un llistáu de les especies del xéneru Cicuta (planta) aceptaes hasta setiembre de 2012, ordenaes alfabéticamente. Pa caúna indica'l nome binomial siguíu del autor, embrivíu según les convenciones y usos.
Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Botánica, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies. Cicuta ye un xéneru de plantes de la familia Apiaceae qu'entiende cuatro especies de plantes bien venenoses, natives del hemisferiu norte. Entiende 60 especies descrites y de estes, solo 4 aceptaes.
Subaldırğanı (lat. Cicuta) — çətirkimilər fəsiləsindən bitki cinsi. Çoxillik su, yaxud bataqlıq bitkisidir. Lələkşəkilli yarpaqları uzun saplaqlıdır. Xırda ağ çiçəkləri mürəkkəb çətirdə yerləşir. Meyvəsi dəyirmidir. Əsasən, Şimali Amerikada 10 (başqa məlumata görə 20-dək) növü var. Ən zəhərli bitkilərdən biridir. Payızda və yazda onunla qidalanan ev heyvanlarının (qaramal, qoyunlar) zəhərlənməsinə səbəb olur.
Die Wasserschierlinge (Cicuta) sind eine Pflanzengattung aus der Familie der Doldenblütler. Einziger europäischer Vertreter ist der wie alle Arten stark giftige Wasserschierling (Cicuta virosa).
Die Vertreter sind ausdauernde, unbehaarte Sumpf- und Wasserpflanzen. Der Stängel ist aufrecht, hohl und meist erst oberwärts verzweigt. Der Wurzelstock ist knollig verdickt und innen durch Querscheidewände in übereinander liegende Kammern geteilt. Die Blätter sind gestielt und doppelt bis dreifach gefiedert. Die Abschnitte letzter Ordnung sind länglich-lanzettlich oder linealisch und am Rand gesägt. Die Blüten stehen in zusammengesetzten, vielstrahligen Dolden. Eine Hülle fehlt oder besteht aus nur wenigen Blättern, das Hüllchen ist drei- bis achtblättrig. Die Blüten sind zum Teil zwittrig, zum Teil rein männlich. Der Kelchsaum hat fünf deutliche Zähne, die breit dreieckig sind. Die Kronblätter sind rein weiß oder rötlich. Ihre Spitze ist ausgerandet und hat ein schmales, eingeschlagenes Läppchen. Die Griffel sind lang, schlank und zuletzt zurückgebogen. Der Fruchtknoten ist unbehaart.
Die Frucht ist annähernd kugelig und seitlich leicht zusammengedrückt. Sie hat breite, flache und stumpfe Hauptrippen. Die Ölstriemen stehen unter den Tälchen einzeln, an der Fugenfläche befinden sich zwei. Die Fruchthalter sind frei und zweiteilig.
Alle Arten enthalten Cicutoxin und sind daher für den Menschen sehr giftig.
Die Vertreter kommen in den nördlichen temperaten Zonen vor und wachsen als Sumpf- und Wasserpflanzen.[1]
Die Gattung Cicuta (lateinisch für „Schierling“: Wasserschierling, Gefleckter Schierling;[2] die Wortherkunft von cicuta ist unbekannt[3]) wird innerhalb der Familie Apiaceae in die Unterfamilie Apioideae gestellt. Die Angaben zur Artenzahl schwanken zwischen drei[1] und acht.[4]
Einzige europäische Art:
Weitere Arten sind (Auswahl):
Der Gattungsname Cicuta stammt vom antiken Namen des Gefleckten Schierlings (Conium maculatum).
Die Wasserschierlinge (Cicuta) sind eine Pflanzengattung aus der Familie der Doldenblütler. Einziger europäischer Vertreter ist der wie alle Arten stark giftige Wasserschierling (Cicuta virosa).
Tekst üüb Öömrang Gaalrutplaanten (Cicuta) san en plaantenskööl uun det famile faan a Skiremplaanten (Apiaceae). Jo san giftag. uun Euroopa jaft at man ään slach, at Gaalrut (Cicuta virosa).
C. bulbifera – C. douglasii – C. maculata – C. virosa
Gaalrutplaanten (Cicuta) san en plaantenskööl uun det famile faan a Skiremplaanten (Apiaceae). Jo san giftag. uun Euroopa jaft at man ään slach, at Gaalrut (Cicuta virosa).
Сәрәтә (лат. Cicuta L., 1753[1][2]) — зонтиклылар гаиләлегенә караган үсемлекләр ыруы.
Cicuta, commonly known as water hemlock, is a genus of four species of highly poisonous plants in the family Apiaceae. They are perennial herbaceous plants which grow up to 2.5 meters (8 ft) tall, having distinctive small green or white flowers arranged in an umbrella shape (umbel). Plants in this genus may also be referred to as cowbane or poison parsnip. Cicuta is native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, mainly North America and Europe, typically growing in wet meadows, along streambanks and other wet and marshy areas. These plants bear a close resemblance to other members in the family Apiaceae and may be confused with a number of edible or poisonous plants. The common name hemlock may also be confused with poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), or with the Hemlock tree.
Water hemlock is considered one of North America's most toxic plants, being highly poisonous to humans.[1] Three members of the genus contain a toxin named cicutoxin which causes central nervous system stimulatory effects including seizures following ingestion. Medical treatment of poisoning may include the use of activated charcoal to decrease gastrointestinal absorption of the toxic principle along with supportive care including anticonvulsant drugs such as a benzodiazepine. High doses of anticonvulsant medicine are often required to halt seizure activity and further medical care including intubation and mechanical ventilation may be required.
Cicuta spp. are perennial plants that are all similar in morphology, growing up to a maximum of 2.5 meters (8 ft) in height. The stem of the plant is branching, erect, smooth and hollow (except for partitions at the junction of the leaves and stem), sometimes being purple-striped, or mottled (typically only C. maculata has the purple stripes or spots). Attached to the base of the stem is a tuberous root with thickened rootstocks. The rootstocks are multichambered and contain a yellowish oily liquid which turns reddish brown on exposure to air and emits a characteristic smell of raw parsnip. The alternate leaves are two or three pinnately compound and may reach 30–90 cm (12–35 in) in length. The leaflets are lanceolate, serrate, 5–10 cm (2–4 in) in length, and sharply toothed. The plant flowers in spring or early summer; the flowers are small with green or white petals clustered in an umbrella shape (umbel) characteristic to this family; the umbel measures 5–10 cm (2–4 in) across. The plants produce a cylindrical fruit which is 4–6 mm (5⁄32–1⁄4 in) in length.[1][2][3] The plant is spread primarily by seeds which are produced in large numbers and are small in size.[2]
Cicuta douglasii, showing the umbrella shaped umbel of flowers
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Leaves of Cicuta maculata
The genus Cicuta is one of many genera in the family Apiaceae, which is in the order Apiales. Apiaceae is also known as Umbelliferae, and both of these family names are permitted to be used by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants.[1] In Europe, Cicuta was not distinguished from the similar genus Conium before the year 1500. The first mention of the genus in the United States was in the eighteenth century.[2] Carl Linnaeus formally described three species in 1753.[4] The type species is Cicuta virosa.[5] The genus is now recognized to comprise four species:[6]
Other species names such as Cicuta bolanderi, Cicuta californica, and Cicuta curtissii are older names now recognized to be varieties of the widespread, morphologically variable Cicuta maculata.[3] Cicuta maculata is now recognized to have four varieties: var. maculata, var. angustifolia, var. victorinii, and var. bolanderi.[6] Phylogenetic analysis using the sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) loci was not conclusive but seems to show that C. bulbifera and C. virosa are monophyletic, while C. douglasii may not be. It was also suggested a specimen from California may warrant recognition as a distinct species.[7] Other common names for the genus in general include poison parsnip, beaver poison, wild carrot, wild parsnip, and false parsley.[8]
Members of the family Apiaceae bear close resemblance to each other, and have many characteristics in common. Cicuta spp. are often mistaken for edible plants such as wild celery (Angelica archangelica), celery (Apium graveolens), pignut (Conopodium majus), wild carrot (Daucus carota), wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa), and water parsnip (Berula spp.).[1] One of the more common misidentifications is between water hemlock and water parsnip; both have clusters of small white flowers shaped like umbrellas, and both have the same habitat near the shoreline of lakes and rivers. Differences between water parsnip and water hemlock include the water parsnip having leaves only once compound while the water hemlock has leaves which are two or three times compound. Water hemlock also has a large swelling at the stem base which water parsnip lacks. Additionally, water hemlock has bracts at the base of each small flower cluster, not at the base of the main flower head,[9] while water parsnip has both bracts at the base of flowers and also at the main flower head.[10]
Additionally, there can be confusion between the various water hemlock species and poison hemlock (Conium maculatum)[11] as the common name hemlock is applied to both Cicuta and Conium maculatum.[12] Both are poisonous and can be differentiated by differences in their root structure. Water hemlock has a branched root systems with tubules, while poison hemlock has a single tap root.[1] Another reliable method to identify water hemlock is to examine the leaf veins. Water hemlock is unique in the family Apiaceae in that it has leaf veins which terminate in the notches between the leaf tips, rather than extend to the tip of the leaf, as is found in the leaf structure of other members of this family.[2]
Cicuta spp. are found growing across North America and Europe. Typically, they grow in wet habitats usually alongside ponds and streams, in marshes or swamps, or areas that are swampy at least part of the year. Plants can also be found growing in water.[2][3] Of the four species, Cicuta maculata has the most widespread distribution occurring across the majority of North America. Cicuta bulbifera also has a relatively large distribution, found throughout Northern North America. Cicuta douglasii is found in the northwest corner of North America, while Cicuta virosa is found in central and northern Europe (including the British Isles), northern Eurasia, and in the far north of North America.[1][3]
All members of Cicuta contain high levels of the poisonous principle cicutoxin, an unsaturated aliphatic alcohol that is structurally closely related to the toxin oenanthotoxin found in the plant hemlock water dropwort. Cicutoxin is present at all stages of growth and in all parts of the plant, but is most concentrated in the roots which appear to be the most toxic in the early spring.[1] Its primary toxic effect is to act as a stimulant in the central nervous system. It is a non-competitive gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor antagonist. Cicutoxin acts on the GABAA receptor causing a block of the chloride channel which results in neuronal depolarization. In the presence of cicutoxin, this depolarization continues unabated, causing cell overactivity. This hyperactivity in brain cells results in seizures.[1][13] Cicutoxin is very poisonous, and water hemlock is considered one of North America's most toxic plants.[1][14] Ingestion of Cicuta can be fatal in humans, and there are reports in medical literature of severe poisoning and death as early as 1670.[1] A number of people have also died following ingestion of the plant in the 20th and 21st century.[8][15][16][17][18][19]
The LD50 in mice administered cicutoxin by intraperitoneal injection is 48.3 milligrams per kilogram body weight; this compares with 5.9 mg/kg for mice given potassium cyanide by intraperitoneal injection, while the LD50 for arsenic via intraperitoneal injection in mice is 46.2 mg/kg.[20] The exact toxic dose of plant material in humans is unknown; it is thought ingestion of water hemlock in any quantity can result in poisoning, and very small amounts may lead to death.[1] Poisoning has been reported following children blowing whistles made from the hollow stem of water hemlock plants.[21] Intoxication has also been reported following skin contact with the plant; in one case, a family of five rubbed the plant onto the skin and were poisoned, with two children dying.[22] Livestock have long been the worst affected, leading to the common name "cowbane". Poisoning in livestock is common and typically occurs following ingestion of roots of the plant. When the ground is soft in Spring, grazing animals tend to pull the entire plant out of the ground, ingesting both the foliage and the roots. Roots exposed by ploughing can also be the source of livestock poisonings.[2] Ingestion of plant material may cause death in the animal in as little as 15 minutes.[23][24][25]
Upon consumption, both in humans and other species, the symptoms of poisoning are characterized mainly by generalized seizures.[1] The onset of symptoms following ingestion may be as soon as 15 minutes. Initial symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, tremors, confusion, weakness, dizziness, and drowsiness,[14][26] although the rapid onset of seizure activity may be the first sign presented following poisoning. Seizures are usually described as clonic or tonic–clonic.[1] Complications of ongoing seizure activity include increased body temperature, decreases in the pH of the blood (metabolic acidosis), swelling in the brain, blood coagulation disorders, muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis), and kidney failure.[1][27][28] Additional neurological symptoms may include hallucinations, delirium, tingling, pricking, or numbness of a person's skin, dilated pupils, and coma.[1][14] Cardiovascular symptoms include alternating slow or fast heart rate[29] and alternating low and high blood pressure.[30] Other cardiac effects may include ECG abnormalities such as widening of the PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation.[1][15][31] Symptoms of excess salivation, wheezing, respiratory distress, and absence of breathing have also been reported.[1][26]
Death is usually caused by respiratory failure or ventricular fibrillation secondary to ongoing seizure activity;[1] fatalities have occurred within a few hours of ingestion.[3] Poisoned people who recover usually regain consciousness and seizures cease within 24 to 48 hours of poisoning, although seizures may persist for up to 96 hours.[1] There are occasional long-term effects, such as retrograde amnesia of the events leading to intoxication and the intoxication itself.[8][26][30][32] Other ongoing mild effects may include restlessness, muscle weakness, twitching, and anxiety.[1][33] Complete resolution of symptoms may take a number of days, or these ongoing symptoms may persist for months after poisoning.[1]
Water hemlock poisoning is usually diagnosed following a history of plant ingestion and symptoms of abrupt onset of seizures.[16][34] Laboratory tests to determine the presence of cicutoxin in the blood such as spectrofluorimetry, high pressure liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography, and mass spectrometry have been used to detect cicutoxin, but these tests are not performed routinely in hospital laboratories.[1][35] If a sample of the plant ingested has been retained, diagnosis can be confirmed by having the plant identified by a botanist.[1]
Initial treatment of poisoning may include gastrointestinal decontamination with activated charcoal.[35] Decontamination is typically performed only if a potentially toxic amount of plant matter has been ingested up to one hour previously, and the patient has a normal intact airway or has been intubated.[1] There is no specific antidote for water hemlock poisoning, and treatment consists mainly of supportive care. Treatment may include control of seizures with the administration of a benzodiazepines such as lorazepam or diazepam, or, if seizures are refractory to this treatment, a barbiturate such as phenobarbital is administered.[1] The anticonvulsant phenytoin is not recommended, as it has not been shown to be effective for seizure control following water hemlock poisoning.[34] Treatment with high doses of benzodiazepines or barbiturates may cause respiratory depression, and respiratory support including intubation and mechanical ventilation is required in these patients.[1] Continuous electroencephalography monitoring is recommended in symptomatic patients.[1]
Further treatment for complications of metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, hyperthermia, or low blood pressure may be required. Metabolic acidosis is treated by administering sodium bicarbonate.[36] Low blood pressure is usually treated with intravenous fluid replacement, but the administration of dopamine or norepinephrine may be required to restore blood pressure.[1][35] The management of rhabdomyolysis includes ensuring adequate hydration and urinary alkalinization; a complication of rhabdomyolysis is acute kidney injury, which may require management with hemodialysis.[1] However, hemodialysis, hemoperfusion, or other extracorporeal techniques do not remove cicutoxin from the blood and are therefore not useful in enhancing elimination.[1][35]
Cicuta, commonly known as water hemlock, is a genus of four species of highly poisonous plants in the family Apiaceae. They are perennial herbaceous plants which grow up to 2.5 meters (8 ft) tall, having distinctive small green or white flowers arranged in an umbrella shape (umbel). Plants in this genus may also be referred to as cowbane or poison parsnip. Cicuta is native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, mainly North America and Europe, typically growing in wet meadows, along streambanks and other wet and marshy areas. These plants bear a close resemblance to other members in the family Apiaceae and may be confused with a number of edible or poisonous plants. The common name hemlock may also be confused with poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), or with the Hemlock tree.
Water hemlock is considered one of North America's most toxic plants, being highly poisonous to humans. Three members of the genus contain a toxin named cicutoxin which causes central nervous system stimulatory effects including seizures following ingestion. Medical treatment of poisoning may include the use of activated charcoal to decrease gastrointestinal absorption of the toxic principle along with supportive care including anticonvulsant drugs such as a benzodiazepine. High doses of anticonvulsant medicine are often required to halt seizure activity and further medical care including intubation and mechanical ventilation may be required.
Cicuta es un género de plantas de la familia Apiaceae que comprende cuatro especies de plantas muy venenosas, nativas del hemisferio norte. Comprende 60 especies descritas y de estas, solo 4 aceptadas.[1]
Son plantas herbáceas perennes que crecen hasta 1-2 metros de altura.
Aunque algunas de las especies de este género guardan cierto parecido a la Conium maculatum (llamada cicuta), son especies distintas.
El género fue descrito por Carlos Linneo y publicado en Species Plantarum 1: 255–256. 1753.[2] La especie tipo es: Cicuta virosa L.
Cicuta: nombre clásico latino de la cicuta,[3]
A continuación se brinda un listado de las especies del género Cicuta (planta) aceptadas hasta septiembre de 2012, ordenadas alfabéticamente. Para cada una se indica el nombre binomial seguido del autor, abreviado según las convenciones y usos.
Cicuta es un género de plantas de la familia Apiaceae que comprende cuatro especies de plantas muy venenosas, nativas del hemisferio norte. Comprende 60 especies descritas y de estas, solo 4 aceptadas.
Mürkputk (Cicuta) on sarikaliste sugukonda kuuluv taimeperekond.
Mürkputke perekonda kuulub neli mürgist liiki. Kõik liigid on mitmeaastased rohttaimed, mis kasvavad kuni 2,5 meetri kõrguseks. Neil on iseloomulikud rohelised või valged õied, mis on koondud sarikjasse õisikusse.
Liikide levilaks on põhjapoolkera parasvööde, peamiselt Põhja-Ameerika ja Euroopa. Kasvukohtadeks niisked niidud, jõekaldad ja muud niisked kohad. Taimed on eksitavalt sarnased mitmete sarikaliste sugukonda kuuluvate söödavate ja mürgiste taimedega.
Mürkputk (Cicuta) on sarikaliste sugukonda kuuluv taimeperekond.
Mürkputke perekonda kuulub neli mürgist liiki. Kõik liigid on mitmeaastased rohttaimed, mis kasvavad kuni 2,5 meetri kõrguseks. Neil on iseloomulikud rohelised või valged õied, mis on koondud sarikjasse õisikusse.
Liikide levilaks on põhjapoolkera parasvööde, peamiselt Põhja-Ameerika ja Euroopa. Kasvukohtadeks niisked niidud, jõekaldad ja muud niisked kohad. Taimed on eksitavalt sarnased mitmete sarikaliste sugukonda kuuluvate söödavate ja mürgiste taimedega.
Cicuta
Le genre Cicuta, plantes herbacées de la famille des Apiaceae (autrefois ombellifères) ne compte, en Europe, qu'une seule espèce : Cicuta virosa, ciguë aquatique[1]. C'est une plante très vénéneuse, fleurissant de juillet à septembre, à laquelle les animaux touchent rarement (les chèvres et les porcs avaient cependant la réputation de pouvoir la manger sans en être incommodés)[2].
Cette espèce croît sur le berges de mares et ruisseaux.
À la fin du XIXe siècle, on la considérait comme « assez rare en France, et plus commune en Allemagne »[2].
En 1872, Rodet et Baillet estimaient qu'« elle pourrait être employée en médecine au même titre que la grande Ciguë »[2].
Selon ITIS (31 mars 2016)[3] :
Attention : l'espèce Cicuta maculata (L.) Clairv., 1811 est synonyme de Conium maculatum L., 1753[4].
Cicuta
Le genre Cicuta, plantes herbacées de la famille des Apiaceae (autrefois ombellifères) ne compte, en Europe, qu'une seule espèce : Cicuta virosa, ciguë aquatique. C'est une plante très vénéneuse, fleurissant de juillet à septembre, à laquelle les animaux touchent rarement (les chèvres et les porcs avaient cependant la réputation de pouvoir la manger sans en être incommodés).
Cicuta L., 1753 è un genere di piante velenose della famiglia delle Apiacee.[1]
Il genere comprende le seguenti specie:[1]
Oltre alla cicuta maggiore (Conium maculatum), esiste la cicuta minore (Aethusa cynapium), simile a piante non velenose come prezzemolo selvatico e cerfoglio.
Cicuta is een geslacht van vier soorten giftige planten uit de schermbloemenfamilie (Umbelliferae of Apiaceae).
De planten komen van nature voor in de gematigde gebieden van het noordelijk halfrond, vooral in Noord-Amerika. Het zijn eenjarige, kruidachtige planten die 1-2 m hoog worden. De soorten groeien in natte weilanden, langs oevers van beken en andere natte en moerassige biotopen.
De stengels zijn glad, vertakt, opgezwollen bij de basis, paars gestreept of (alleen Cicuta malculata) gevlekt, en hol op aanhechtingsplaats van de bladvoet na. De bladen staan verspreid, drievoudig gedeeld en ruw getand. De bloemen zijn wit, klein en in schermen gegroepeerd zoals in de schermbloemfamilie gebruikelijk is. De stengels en wortels geven bij breuk een gele, olieachtige vloeistof af.
De wortel is dodelijk giftig! De giftigheid wordt veroorzaakt door polyynen, in het bijzonder de stof cicutoxine.
In België en Nederland komt alleen de volgende soort in het wild voor:
In Noord-Amerika kan men hiernaast nog aantreffen:
De planten in dit geslacht zijn waardplant voor onder meer Agonopterix ciliell en Depressaria daucella.
Cicuta is een geslacht van vier soorten giftige planten uit de schermbloemenfamilie (Umbelliferae of Apiaceae).
De planten komen van nature voor in de gematigde gebieden van het noordelijk halfrond, vooral in Noord-Amerika. Het zijn eenjarige, kruidachtige planten die 1-2 m hoog worden. De soorten groeien in natte weilanden, langs oevers van beken en andere natte en moerassige biotopen.
Szalej (Cicuta L.) – rodzaj roślin z rodziny selerowatych. Gatunkiem typowym jest szalej jadowity (Cicuta virosa L.)[2].
Cicuta Mill. = Conium L.
Rodzaj należący do podrodziny Apioideae Seemann, rodziny selerowatych (Apiaceae Lindl.), rzędu selerowców (Apiales Lindl.), kladu astrowych w obrębie okrytonasiennych[1].
Gromada okrytonasienne (Magnoliophyta Cronquist), podgromada Magnoliophytina Frohne & U. Jensen ex Reveal, klasa Rosopsida Batsch, podklasa dereniowe (Cornidae Frohne & U. Jensen ex Reveal), nadrząd Aralianae Takht., rząd araliowce (Araliales Reveal), rodzina selerowate (Apiaceae Lindl.), plemię Cicuteae A. Rich. ex Lecoq & Juillet, podplemię Cicutinae Dumort., rodzaj szalej (Anethum L.)[3].
Szalej (Cicuta L.) – rodzaj roślin z rodziny selerowatych. Gatunkiem typowym jest szalej jadowity (Cicuta virosa L.).
Cicuta L. (também chamado abioto, em alguns lugares de Portugal) é um género de plantas apiáceas que compreende quatro espécies muito venenosas, nativas das regiões temperadas do Hemisfério Norte, especialmente da América do Norte. São plantas herbáceas perenes, que crescem até 1-2 metros.
É também o nome comum do veneno extremamente poderoso produzido pela planta conhecida por cicuta (Conium maculatum), nativa da Europa, do Médio Oriente e da bacia mediterrânica. A principal causa de sua toxicidade é a presença da substância cicutoxina. Além do seu uso para a ponta de flechas, este veneno ficou conhecido como «veneno de Sócrates» porquanto que o filósofo grego o tomou num processo de auto-envenenamento da época por ser acusado de ateísmo e corrompimento dos jovens gregos; antes de falecer, segundo Platão, seu mestre incutiu uma dúvida a seus acusadores: "E agora chegou a hora de nós irmos, eu para morrer, vós para viver; quem de nós fica com a melhor parte ninguém sabe, exceto os deuses."[1]
.
Cicuta L. (também chamado abioto, em alguns lugares de Portugal) é um género de plantas apiáceas que compreende quatro espécies muito venenosas, nativas das regiões temperadas do Hemisfério Norte, especialmente da América do Norte. São plantas herbáceas perenes, que crescem até 1-2 metros.
É também o nome comum do veneno extremamente poderoso produzido pela planta conhecida por cicuta (Conium maculatum), nativa da Europa, do Médio Oriente e da bacia mediterrânica. A principal causa de sua toxicidade é a presença da substância cicutoxina. Além do seu uso para a ponta de flechas, este veneno ficou conhecido como «veneno de Sócrates» porquanto que o filósofo grego o tomou num processo de auto-envenenamento da época por ser acusado de ateísmo e corrompimento dos jovens gregos; antes de falecer, segundo Platão, seu mestre incutiu uma dúvida a seus acusadores: "E agora chegou a hora de nós irmos, eu para morrer, vós para viver; quem de nós fica com a melhor parte ninguém sabe, exceto os deuses."
Цику́та або віха́, вех (Cicuta) — рід рослин з чотирьох видів сильно отруйних рослин родини Окружкові (Apiaceae).
Це багаторічні трав'янисті рослини, які виростають до 2,5 метрів (8,2 футів) висотою, вирізняються маленькими зеленими або білими квітками, розташованими у формі парасольки. Як правило, ростуть на сирих луках та інших вологих і болотистих місцях. Ці рослини схожі з іншими членами родини зонтичних і можуть бути сплутані з низкою інших їстівних чи отруйних рослин: з болиголовом (Conium maculatum), який теж є отруйною рослиною, з борщівником.
Три види рослин із цього роду містять токсин (цикутоксин).
На нинішній день нараховують чотири види:[1]
Цику́та або віха́, вех (Cicuta) — рід рослин з чотирьох видів сильно отруйних рослин родини Окружкові (Apiaceae).
Cicuta là chi thực vật có hoa trong họ Apiaceae.[1]
Bài viết chủ đề phân họ Cần này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Cicuta là chi thực vật có hoa trong họ Apiaceae.
Вёх, или вех (лат. Cicúta) — род травянистых растений семейства Зонтичные (Umbelliferae). Объединяет небольшое число видов, содержащих сильнейшие нейротоксины.
Многолетние водолюбивые травы с мясистыми корнями. Листья дважды или трижды пальчато-рассечённые, доли зубчатые. Обёртка может присутствовать, прицветников нет, прицветнички многочисленные.
Цветки в выпуклых сложных зонтиках, обычно белые, иногда зеленоватые или розоватые. Чашечка заметная, с острыми листовидными зубцами. Рыльце пестика головчатое, столбик длинный и тонкий.
Плоды шаровидные до широкояйцевидных, полуплодики пятиребристые, масляные канальцы одиночные в ложбинках.
Во всех частях растений, особенно в больших количествах — в корнях, содержится сильный яд цикутоксин, обладающий нейротоксическим действием, вызывающим рабдомиолиз. Действие яда близко к стрихнину[3].
Широко распространены в умеренной зоне Северного полушария.
Cicuta L., 1753, Species Plantarum 1: 255[4].
По информации базы данных The Plant List, род включает 5 видов[5]:
Вёх, или вех (лат. Cicúta) — род травянистых растений семейства Зонтичные (Umbelliferae). Объединяет небольшое число видов, содержащих сильнейшие нейротоксины.
毒芹属（学名：Cicuta）是伞形科下的一个属，为直立草本植物。该属共有约20种，分布于北温带。[1]
这是一篇與植物相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 
分類 界 : 植物界 Plantae 門 : 被子植物門 Magnoliophyta 綱 : 双子葉植物綱 Magnoliopsida 亜綱 : バラ亜綱 Rosidae 目 : セリ目 Apiales 科 : セリ科 Apiaceae 属 : ドクゼリ属 Cicuta 学名 Cicuta L. 種 ドクゼリ属（ドクゼリぞく、学名：Cicuta、和名漢字表記：毒芹属）はセリ科の属の一つ。
多年草。地下茎が発達し、根を多く出す。茎は地下茎から出て直立し、中空になり、上部で分枝する。葉に柄があり、1-3回羽状複葉になり、小葉の縁に鋸歯がある。花は複散形花序になり、複散形花序の下の総苞片は無く、小花序の下の小総苞片は数個ある。萼筒の先の萼歯片はある。花弁は5弁で白色。果実は扁球形で、分果の隆条はコルク質で太くて低い。油管は細く、表面側の各背溝下に1個、分果が接しあう合生面に2個ある。
世界に約10種が知られ、日本では1種が分布する。
Cicuta douglasii
Cicuta maculata
この項目は、植物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（プロジェクト:植物／Portal:植物）。 
