Dantya benthedi Kornicker 1983

Dantya benthedi

ETYMOLOYG.—The specific name from the R/V Benthédi on which the specimens described herein were collected.

MATERIAL.—Station 8, R/V Benthédi; 11°29′12″S, 47°18′12″E; west of the Îles Glorieuses (Glorioso Islands), Mozambique Channel; depth 250 m; collected in rock dredge on 19 Mar 1977; bottom of coarse coralline sand with abundant living brachiopods, gorgonians, and echinoderms: holotype, 1 adult female in alcohol, deposited in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; paratypes, USNM 158580, 1 ovigerous female in alcohol and on slide; USNM 193009, 20 specimens including ovigerous females; 28 specimens including ovigerous females deposited in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Station 104, R/V, Benthédi; 11°26′24″S, 47°22′18″E; north of Île du Lys, Îles Glorieuses; depth at beginning and end of rock dredge haul 550–330 m; collected on 9 Apr 1977; bottom of coralline sand: paratypes USNM 158579A,B, 1 adult female and 1 A-1 male, respectively. Station 120, R/V Benthédi; 11°30′S, 47°24′42″E; southeast of Îles Glorieuses; depth at beginning and end of sediment dredge haul 335–390 m; collected on 12 Apr 1977; bottom of coralline sand: paratypes, USNM 193008, 1 A-1 male and 5 juveniles.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 7–9).—Carapace elongate with narrow rostrum overhanging incisur and projecting caudal process (Figure 7).

ORNAMENTATION (Figures 7, 8a): Each valve with short, horizontal rib extending posteriorly from rostrum; 2nd rib extending from anteroventral corner of each valve to area occupied by adductor muscle attachments where it terminates; this rib continues on posterior edge of muscle attachments and terminates in posteroventral part of valve; 3rd rib extends from middle of ventral margin to caudal process; minute process on posterior margin of valve about 1/3 length of valve measured from posterior end of caudal process. Surface with numerous shallow fossae containing minute pustules; rim of fossae with minute spines forming row; bristles of various lengths sparsely distributed over valve surface, more numerous along anterior half of ventral margin; 2 bristles present on inner side of rostrum near its ventral margin (Figure 8a).

Infold: Rostral infold with 4 spinous bristles forming row along edge of valve that lies near posterior end of rostrum (Figure 8a); infold of caudal process with 9 broad, spinous bristles forming row along edge of lip near anterior part of process (Figure 8b); anteroventral infold with short bristle.

Selvage: Wide lamellar prolongation on anteroventral and ventral margins and also along anterior part of dorsal margin; selvage not evident at base of 4 bristles forming row on inner side of rostrum (Figure 8a); anterodorsal and anteroventral lamellar prolongation with marginal, hirsute fringe; hairs of fringe short in vicinity of incisur (in Figure 8a lamellar prolongation is shown folded inwards); lamellar prolongation absent along end of caudal process.

Central Adductor Muscle Attachments: Consisting of about 23 individual oval attachment scars.

Size: USNM 158580, length 1.37 mm, height 0.77 mm; holotype, length 1.28 mm, height 0.63 mm; USNM 158579A, length 1.37 mm, height 0.68 mm; USNM 193009, 2 specimens, length 1.38 mm, height 0.69 mm, length 1.25 mm, height 0.64 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 8c): 1st joint bare. 2nd joint with 1 midbristle on dorsal margin. 3rd joint short, not separated from 4th joint by suture, with 2 spinous bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal); 4th joint elongate, with 3 spinous bristles (2 ventral, 1 dorsal); medial surface with few faint spines. 5th joint elongate; sensory bristle with 4 or 5 marginal filaments and minute process at tip. 6th joint minute, fused with 5th joint; medial bristle about 1¾ times length of 5th joint, with marginal spines. 7th joint: a-bristle slightly longer than twice length of 5th joint, with marginal spines; b-bristle about same length as a-bristle, with short filament distal to middle; c-bristle slightly longer than sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 4 or 5 marginal filaments and minute process at tip. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles bare, about same length as, or slightly shorter than, sensory bristle, with blunt tips; f-bristle shorter than c-bristle, with 4 marginal filaments and minute process at tip; g-bristle shorter than c-bristle, with 4 marginal filaments and minute process at tip. Filaments on sensory bristle and on b-, c-, f-, and g-bristles with spine-like drawn-out tips.

Second Antenna (Figure 8d): Protopodite bare. Endopodite 2-jointed; 1st joint with 2 short, proximal, anterior bristles; 2nd joint small, with 1 long bristle with short marginal spines (spines not shown on illustrated limb). Exopodite: 1st joint elongate with minute, curved, medial, terminal bristle; joints 2–7 with slender spines along distal margin (spines longer on proximal joints); joints 3–8 with basal spine; basal spines on joints 3 and 4 smaller than others; basal spine of joint 8 slightly longer than 9th joint; bristle of 2nd joint with 6 stout proximal ventral spines, and distal natatory hairs; bristles of joints 3–8 with proximal ventral spines and dorsal hairs and distal natatory hairs; distal ventral spine longer than others; 9th joint with 3 bristles (longest of these with proximal ventral spines and distal natatory hairs; middle size bristle about same length as combined lengths of joints 3–9, with few marginal hairs; shortest bristle bare, about same length as joints 8 and 9 combined).

Mandible (Figure 9a): Coxale endite consisting of stout pointed process with few proximal hairs and stout distal spines; ventral margin of coxale with long hairs. Basale: dorsal margin with 1 short bristle distal to middle and 2 terminal bristles (1 long, 1 short); ventral margin with 1 small ringed bristle; medial and lateral sides each with 3 small bristles near ventral margin; medial side with proximal hairs forming 2 rows. Exopodite small, with 1 terminal bristle reaching past middle of dorsal margin of 1st endopodial joint. 1st endopodial joint: dorsal margin with terminal spines forming row extending onto medial surface of joint; medial surface with spines forming several rows; ventral margin with 1 small ringed bristle and 2 claws (medial claw with short marginal spines; lateral claw larger than medial claw and with 3 stout teeth). 2nd endopodial joint: dorsal margin with 4 bristles near middle forming row extending onto medial and lateral sides of joint; ventral margin with 2 stout claws (proximal of these with short marginal spines; other with few, proximal, ventral teeth); medial side with spines forming rows; lateral side with short bristle near base of distal claw; minute spine or spines present on ventral margin at base of distal claw. 3rd endopodial joint with 2 long stout claws with proximal teeth on ventral margin, 1 short spinous claw located medial to longest claw, 2 ringed bristles located lateral to other long claw, and 1 faint spine-like bristle ventral to short claw. Claws bearing spines could be considered pectinate because of spines being quite stout and tooth-like.

Maxilla (Figure 9b): 3 endites bearing total of about 15 ringed bristles and stout pectinate claws (not all bristles and claws shown on illustrated limb); coxale with fringe of hairs along dorsal margin and 1 stout dorsal bristle. Basale with dorsal hairs and 1 bristle near middle of medial margin. Exopodite with 3 bristles (2 long, 1 slightly shorter). Endopodite: 1st joint with distal, anterior spines and a spinous alpha- and beta-bristle (alpha-bristle more slender than beta-bristle); 2nd joint with 1 small spinous medial c-bristle, 2 fairly long spinous a-bristles, and 5 short stout terminal bristles (outer of these with slender proximal teeth and distal spines, others with stout proximal teeth).

Fifth Limb (Figure 9c,d): Epipodial appendage with 42 bristles. Endite I with 2 short, spinous bristles; endite II with 4 spinous bristles; endite III with 6 terminal bristles, and long hairs near anterior surface. Exopodite: 1st joint with inner lobe bearing 2 distal pectinate bristles, 1 long spinous terminal bristle, and 1 short proximal bristle; 2nd joint with 2 large squarish teeth (proximal of these with 2 bristles); 3rd joint with 2 small bristles on outer lobe and 1 long spinous bristle on inner lobe (the latter bristle could be interpreted as being on 2nd joint); 4th and 5th joints fused, with total of 6 bristles. (In previous descriptions I have interpreted the proximal tooth of 2nd exopodial joint described above to be part of 1st exopodial joint. Additional study is needed to interprete the morphology of the 1st and 2nd joints.)

Sixth Limb (Figure 8e): Endite I with 3 short bristles; endite II small, with 2 spinous bristles; endites III and IV broad, each with 5 spinous bristles; end joint with 7 or 8 spinous or hirsute bristles; a single ringed bristle on posterior margin intrepreted as being epipodial bristle; surface of limb hirsute. (Not all spines on bristles shown on illustrated limb.)

Seventh Limb (Figure 9e): Each limb with 3 or 4 proximal bristles, 1 or 2 on each side, and 6 terminal bristles, 3 on each side; proximal bristles with 3 or 4 bells; terminal bristles with 3–7 bells; terminus consisting of comb with 6 or 7 alate teeth opposite 2 pegs.

Furca (Figure 8f): Each lamella with 6 claws; claw 4 stouter than claw 3; claw 1 fused to lamella, remaining claws separated from lamella by suture; teeth present along posterior edge of all claws; spines present along anterior margin of lamella (distal spines longer than proximal spines).

Bellonci Organ (Figure 9f, g): Elongate, with 11 sutures on proximal three-quarters; long hairs forming row present just proximal to each suture; tip of organ with minute tooth-like spines.

Eyes: Lateral eyes small, each with 4 light amber, divided ommatidia (Figure 9f, h). Medial eye larger than lateral eye, pigmented brown (Figure 9f, g).

Upper Lip (Figure 9f): Rounded, bearing spines.

Y-Sclerite (Figure 8f): Branching distally.

Genitalia (Figure 8f): Consisting of oval process on each side of body anterior to furca.

Parasites: A choniostomatid copepod observed in marsupium of 1 adult female (USNM 193009).

Eggs: USNM 158580 with 2 eggs in marsupium; holotype with 2 large, unextruded eggs.

COMPARISONS.—The rostrum of D. benthedi overhangs the incisur, forming an acute angle with the anterior margin of the valve ventral to the incisur. The angle is about the same as that of D. piercei, less than that of D. magnifica, but greater than that of D. fossula. The carapace of D. benthedi bears fewer ridges than the carapaces of D. magnifica or D. fossula. The mandible of D. benthedi differs from previously described species of the genus in having 3 extremely stout teeth on the longest claw on the ventral margin of the 1st endopodial joint of the mandibles of the adult female and the late instars of both sexes (adult male unknown).

Nealella Kornicker and Caraion, 1980

TYPE-SPECIES.—Nealella monothrix Kornicker and Caraion, 1980

The genus Nealella comprises 3 species, N. ornithoides (Brady, 1902:189), N. monothrix Kornicker and Caraion, 1980:5, and N. muelleri Kornicker and Caraion, 1980:12, plus 1 species left in open nomenclature, Nealella species A Kornicker and Caraion, 1980:17. The original description of N. muelleri was based on a single adult female collected on the continental shelf off Tanzania. An additional adult female collected on the shelf east of the Somali Republic permits extension of the range of the species and also some additional information on its morphology. The holotype as well as the Somali female was used to provide a supplementary description of the species.

Nealella muelleri Kornicker and Caraion, 1980

Nealella muelleri Kornicker and Caraion, 1980:12, figs. 10–13, pls. 4–7.

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 157412, 1 ovigerous female.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Near the marine biology station of Dar es Salaam University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

MATERIAL.—USNM 157412, Holotype. Station 9-466, R/V Anton Bruun, cruise 9; 18 Dec 1964; 11°38′N, 51°27′E; continental shelf east of Somali Republic; depth about 75 m; collected in E.L. Pierce Dredge by E.L. Pierce assisted by L.S. Kornicker; USNM 158970A,B, 1 ovigerous female and juvenile, respectively.

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figure 10).—Carapace of USNM 158970A in lateral view (Figure 10b) similar to that of holotype (Kornicker and Caraion, 1980, fig. 10). In dorsal view widest part at about midlength in vicinity of central adductor muscles (Figure 10a).

Size: USNM 158970A, length 1.98 mm, height 0.82 mm.

Central Adductor Muscle Attachments: Consisting of about 13 individual oval scars (Figure 10b).

Bellonci Organ (Figure 10c): USNM 158970A with 4 well-developed sutures near middle.

Lateral Eyes (Figure 10c–e): With 5 ommatidia. (In description of holotype Kornicker and Caraion (1980:15, fig. 13k) reported lateral eyes with only 2 ommatidia. Reexamination of the slide bearing a lateral eye of the holotype revealed that the wall of the eye of the holotype had split open allowing 3 ommatidia to escape from within the wall.)

Upper Lip (Figure 10c): With small, slender spines forming rows.

Anterior of Body (Figure 10c): A sclerotized triangular process present on each side of body dorsal to upper lip and set back from anterior margin of body. (Reexamination of holotype supported the presence of the processes.)

Eggs (Figure 10b): USNM 15870A with 4 eggs in marsupium and also with smaller, unextruded eggs. The extruded eggs were pink when animal was alive.