Description
(
Inglês
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fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
A West African species of Acanthixalus, morphologically similar to the only other known member of the genus, the central African A. spinosus. The only substantial difference seems to be the wider head of male A. sonjae (Schiøtz 2007, pers. comm.). The head has a long, pointed snout, with canthi and slightly concave lores. Eyes are protuberant and bear rhomboid-shaped pupils. The tympanum is absent. Paired, oval subgular glands are present,extending longitudinally. The body is stout and flattened with quite warty skin dorsally and on the extremities. In addition, a transverse row of bigger warts in the neck area gives the appearance of a "crown"; four particularly large warts are present in the shoulder area; and two particularly large warts are visible on the sacral region. Ventrally the skin is granular. Both hands and feet are webbed, and fingers and toes bear enlarged discs. Males bear a pair of subgular glands and numerous hook-shaped tarsal spines, and have larger digital discs, but possess no vocal sacs (Rödel et al. 2003).The dorsum and extremities are yellow-green and bear numerous white warts with black spines. Three black crossbands as well as black spots and lines are present on the dorsum, as well as a transverse black band on the sacral region. A single black triangular mark is located between the eyes, and paired black triangles are visible on the shoulders, with each triangle apex pointing towards the posterior. Black transverse bands are also present on the upper lip, femur and tibula fibula. Flanks are green to white. Ventral surfaces are gray brown with black markings and white warts lacking black spines. Gular glands (present on males) are beige-colored. The anal region is bright yellow. Finger and toe discs are white with a black spot above and beige below; heels are orange to yellow. This frog is capable of metachrosis, with colors darkening almost to black in the sunlight, within a few minutes. The iris is black with white stripes radiating outward (Rödel et al. 2003).Juveniles are more brightly colored, with the dorsal ground color often being yellow to orange, and the ventral side orange as well. Juveniles also have four enlarged yellow warts on the neck (Rödel et al. 2003).Tadpoles are similar to those of A. spinosus but have longer tails. The body is compact, rounded dorsally and slightly depressed laterally. Eyes are very small and lateral. The oral disc is subterminal, with a tooth formula 1: 2 + 2/ 3, wide serrated, curved jaw sheaths, a single row of lateral papillae on either side and two rows of caudal papillae (medially uniserial). The spiracle is sinistral and the vent is medial. The tail tip is broadly rounded (Rödel et al. 2003).Tadpoles taken directly from treeholes were a fleshy violet color, which quickly changed to black in the sunlight. In some tadpoles, the tail tip is almost transparent (Rödel et al. 2003).Genetic analysis (using mitochondrial 16S RNA) points to differences between A. sonjae and A. spinosus at a level comparable to species differences in other amphibian groups, and A. sonjae appears to be separated from A. spinosus by a gap of 1700 km (Schiøtz 2007, pers. comm.).
- IUCN, Conservation International, and NatureServe. (2006). Global Amphibian Assessment: Acanthixalus sonjae. www.globalamphibians.org. Accessed on 21 August 2008.
- Rödel, M.-O., Gil, M., Agyei, A.C., Leaché, A.D., Diaz, R.E., Fujita, M.K., and Ernst, R. (2005). ''The amphibians of the forested parts of south-western Ghana.'' Salamandra, 41, 107-127.
- Rödel, M.O., Kosuch, J., Veith, M., and Ernst, R. (2003). ''First record of the genus Acanthixalus Laurent, 1944 from the Upper Guinean Rain Forest, West Africa, with the description of a new species.'' Journal of Herpetology, 37(1), 43-52.
- Schiøtz, A. (2007). Treefrogs of Africa: Addenda and Corrigenda 2007. Personal communication, available as .pdf file from http://zoologi.snm.ku.dk (english/staff/schiøtz/list of publications).
- autor
- Kellie Whittaker
- autor
- Arne Schiøtz
Distribution and Habitat
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Inglês
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fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
This species is known from a few localities in southwestern Côte d'Ivoire (Rödel et al. 2003). It has also been found in Ghana, within the Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve and the Ankasa Conservation Area (Rödel et al. 2005). It may also occur elsewhere (Schiøtz 2007, pers. comm.), perhaps across the border into Liberia (IUCN 2006). It occurs in both primary and secondary forest (Rödel et al. 2003).
- autor
- Kellie Whittaker
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- Arne Schiøtz
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
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Inglês
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It occurs within several protected areas. In Côte d'Ivoire: Taï National Park (Rödel et al. 2003), Haute Dodo Classified Forest (Rödel and Branch 2002), Cavally Classified Forest (Rödel and Branch 2002). In Ghana: Ankasa Conservation Area and the Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve (Rödel et al. 2005).
- autor
- Kellie Whittaker
- autor
- Arne Schiøtz
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
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Inglês
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fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
Acanthixalus sonjae lives and breeds in water-filled cavities of trees, like A. spinosus (Rödel et al. 2003). It is difficult to find (Schiøtz 2007, pers. comm.).Clutches are attached to the walls or ceiling within a water-filled tree cavity. The egg masses are flat immediately after oviposition, changing to hemispheric soon thereafter and measuring 2-4 cm in diameter. The mean clutch size was 9.3 eggs. Eggs are whitish gray with a darker pole. One female in captivity oviposited three clutches within 21 days (Rödel et al. 2003).Tadpoles first orient horizontally within the egg, changing to a head-up vertical position as development progresses. They begin dropping into water 11-14 days post-oviposition. Metamorphosis is complete within three months. Tadpoles have been reported to be at least partly carnivorous (Rödel et al. 2003).
- autor
- Kellie Whittaker
- autor
- Arne Schiøtz
Acanthixalus sonjae
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Catalão; Valenciano
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fornecido por wikipedia CA
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Acanthixalus sonjae: Brief Summary
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Catalão; Valenciano
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fornecido por wikipedia CA
Acanthixalus sonjae és una espècie de granota que viu a Costa d'Ivori, Ghana i, possiblement també, a Libèria.
Es troba amenaçada d'extinció per la pèrdua del seu hàbitat natural.
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Acanthixalus sonjae
(
Inglês
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fornecido por wikipedia EN
Acanthixalus sonjae (common name: Ivory Coast wart frog, or African wart frog) is a species of frog in the family Hyperoliidae. It is found in south-western Ivory Coast (including Taï National Park, its type locality) and in south-western Ghana, and possibly in adjacent Liberia.[1][2]
Etymology
The specific name sonjae honors Sonja Wolters, the person who caught the first specimen of this species and triggered interest on fauna of larger water-filled tree holes.[3]
Description
Males measure 33–38 mm (1.3–1.5 in) and females 36–39 mm (1.4–1.5 in) in snout–vent length. The body is flattened and the snout is long and pointed. The eyes are protruding with rhomboid pupils. Both the hands and feet are webbed, and the finger and toe tips are enlarged to discs. The back and extremities are clear yellow green in the ground color, broken by numerous black spots and lines and three larger black cross bands. Females can change their color from green to almost black within minutes. Juveniles are more brightly colored, often yellow to orange.[3]
Males appear to be mute. They have a pair of subgular glands and hook-like tarsal spines. The discs are larger in males than in females.[3]
Reproduction
The species uses large tree holes for breeding (diameter about 40 cm (16 in)); it has not been found in small tree holes (less than about one liter in volume) occupied by Phrynobatrachus guineensis. It appears to be mute. The egg clutches are attached to the walls or ceiling of the cavity, and hatch into larvae after about 11 to 14 days. The duration of the larval period is relatively long, at least three months.[3]
Habitat and conservation
Its natural habitat is primary and secondary lowland wet evergreen forest and moist semi-deciduous forest. It uses very large tree holes for breeding, a factor that may restrict its distribution. It is an uncommon species threatened by deforestation caused by agricultural development, timber extraction and human settlement. It occurs in a number of protected areas, including the Taï National Park and the Ankasa Conservation Area.[1]
References
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^ a b c IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Acanthixalus sonjae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T56054A16788149. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T56054A16788149.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
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^ Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Acanthixalus sonjae Rödel, Kosuch, Veith, and Ernst, 2003". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
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^ a b c d Rödel, Mark-Oliver; Kosuch, Joachim; Veith, Michael; Ernst, Raffael (March 2003). "First record of the genus Acanthixalus Laurent, 1944 from the upper Guinean rain forest, West Africa, with the description of a new species". Journal of Herpetology. 37 (1): 43–52. doi:10.1670/0022-1511(2003)037[0043:FROTGA]2.0.CO;2.
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Acanthixalus sonjae: Brief Summary
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Acanthixalus sonjae (common name: Ivory Coast wart frog, or African wart frog) is a species of frog in the family Hyperoliidae. It is found in south-western Ivory Coast (including Taï National Park, its type locality) and in south-western Ghana, and possibly in adjacent Liberia.
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Acanthixalus sonjae
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
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fornecido por wikipedia ES
Acanthixalus sonjae es una especie de anfibio anuro de la familia Hyperoliidae.[1] Se distribuye por el sur de Costa de Marfil, el sudoeste de Ghana y posiblemente Liberia. Habita bosques tropicales o subtropicales secos primarios o secundarios y a baja altitud. La principal amenaza a su conservación es la deforestación.
Referencias
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↑ Frost, D.R. « Acanthixalus sonjae». Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. (en inglés). Nueva York, EEUU: Museo Americano de Historia Natural. Consultado el 22 de febrero de 2014.
- Rödel, M.-O., J. Kosuch, M. Veith, and R. Ernst. 2003. First Record of the Genus Acanthixalus Laurent, 1944 from the Upper Guinean Rain Forest, West Africa, with the Description of a New Species. Archivado el 24 de septiembre de 2015 en Wayback Machine. Journal of Herpetology, vol. 37, n. 1, p. 43-52.
- Rödel, M.-O. & Schiøtz, A. 2006. Acanthixalus sonjae. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Consultado el 22 de julio de 2007.
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Acanthixalus sonjae: Brief Summary
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por wikipedia ES
Acanthixalus sonjae es una especie de anfibio anuro de la familia Hyperoliidae. Se distribuye por el sur de Costa de Marfil, el sudoeste de Ghana y posiblemente Liberia. Habita bosques tropicales o subtropicales secos primarios o secundarios y a baja altitud. La principal amenaza a su conservación es la deforestación.
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Acanthixalus sonjae
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Basco
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fornecido por wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Acanthixalus sonjae: Brief Summary
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Basco
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fornecido por wikipedia EU
Acanthixalus sonjae Acanthixalus generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Hyperoliidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.
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Acanthixalus sonjae
(
Francês
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fornecido por wikipedia FR
Acanthixalus sonjae est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Hyperoliidae[1].
Répartition
Cette espèce est endémique de l'Afrique australe. Elle se rencontre dans le parc national de Taï en Côte d'Ivoire et dans le Sud-Ouest du Ghana. Elle pourrait être présente au Liberia[1],[2].
Habitat
Acanthixalus sonjae est confiné dans la forêt tropicale primaire et secondaire, où il vit dans de très grands trous d'arbre, un microhabitat rare mais dont il est dépendant, et dans lesquels il se reproduit. Il est actuellement menacé par la dégradation de son habitat (déforestation)[2].
Étymologie
Son nom est dédié à Sonja Wolters[3].
Publication originale
- Rödel, Kosuch, Veith & Ernst, 2003 : First Record of the Genus Acanthixalus Laurent, 1944 from the Upper Guinean Rain Forest, West Africa, with the Description of a New Species. Journal of Herpetology, vol. 37, no 1, p. 43-52 (texte intégral).
Notes et références
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↑ a et b Amphibian Species of the World, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
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↑ a et b UICN, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
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↑ Rödel, Kosuch, Veith & Ernst, 2003 : First Record of the Genus Acanthixalus Laurent, 1944 from the Upper Guinean Rain Forest, West Africa, with the Description of a New Species. Journal of Herpetology, vol. 37, no 1, p. 43-52 (texte intégral).
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Acanthixalus sonjae: Brief Summary
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Francês
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fornecido por wikipedia FR
Acanthixalus sonjae est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Hyperoliidae.
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Acanthixalus sonjae
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Português
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Acanthixalus sonjae: Brief Summary
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Português
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fornecido por wikipedia PT
Acanthixalus sonjae é uma espécie de anfíbio anuro da família Hyperoliidae. É considerada quase ameaçada pela Lista Vermelha da UICN. Está presente em Costa do Marfim e Gana.
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Acanthixalus sonjae
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Vietnamita
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Acanthixalus sonjae: Brief Summary
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Vietnamita
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Acanthixalus sonjae là một loài ếch thuộc họ Hyperoliidae. Loài này có ở Bờ Biển Ngà, Ghana, và có thể cả Liberia. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là rừng ẩm vùng đất thấp nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới. Chúng hiện đang bị đe dọa vì mất môi trường sống.
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Bài viết Hyperoliidae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. 
