Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
Members of the ranine brown frog complex are difficult to distinguish morphologically. Like other brown frogs, Rana sauteri has prominent dorsolateral folds, but unlike most other brown frogs, the digit tips of Rana sauteri have discs and horizontal grooves (Fei et al. 1990; Dubois 1992). Rana sauteri females are larger than males (Lai et al. 2003). The tadpoles are specialized for life in fast-flowing streams; adaptations include having an abdominal sucker (though not as large as those of Amolops sp.), robust caudal musculature and lower fin, a depressed body, and an enlarged oral disc with increased numbers of labial teeth rows (Chou and Lin 1997). The larval body is moderately sized (about 30 mm) and highly pigmented (Matsui and Matsui 1990).This species is part of the brown frog complex grouped in the genus Rana, and was first described by Boulenger (1909). Due to its unusual larval morphology, it was moved to Pseudorana (Fei et al. 1990; Dubois 1992) and then later selected as the type species for Pseudoamolops (Jiang et al. 1997). However, molecular work based on cytochrome b and 12s and 16s rRNA sequencing suggests this species is indeed part of a monophyletic brown frog group under Rana (Tanaka-Ueno et al. 1998; Matsui et al. 2006; Che et al. 2007). The karyotype is 2n=26 (Che et al. 2007).High-altitude populations of brown frogs (in the middle and eastern parts of the central mountain range of Taiwan) are now regarded as a distinct species, Rana multidenticulata (Chou and Lin 1997; Stuart et al. 2008). However, some debate remains on this topic, as the two species show an intergradation zone on the western side of Taiwan's central mountain range (Chou and Lin 1997a; Jiang-Law and Lee 2009). Jiang-Law and Lee (2009) have noted that lineages inferred from larval morphology, mainly the oral disc structure of tadpoles (Chou and Lin 1997b), do not fully match up to those inferred from molecular methods (Tanaka-Ueno et al. 1998), but conclude this may be due to adaptive variation related to metamorphosis strategies and timing at lower vs. higher elevations.
- Che J., Pang J. F., Zhao E. M., Matsui M., Zhang Y. P. (2007). ''Phylogenetic relationships of the Chinese brown frogs (genus Rana) inferred from partial mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA gene sequences.'' Zoological Science, 24, 71-80.
- Chou, W. H., and Lin, I. Y. (1997). ''Geographical variations of Rana sauteri (Anura: Ranidae) in Taiwan.'' Zoological Studies, 36, 201-221.
- Chou, W. H., and Lin, J. Y. (1997). ''Description of a new species, Rana multidenticulata (Anura: Ranidae), from Taiwan.'' Zoological Studies, 36, 222-229.
- Dubois, A. (1992). ''Notes sur la classification des Ranidae (Amphibiens Anoures).'' Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Lyon, 61(10), 305-352.
- Fei, L. (1990). ''Key to Chinese Amphibia.'' Chonqing Branch, Science and Technology Press, Chongqing, China
- Jang-Liaw, N.-H., and Lee, T.-H. (2009). ''Intraspecific relationships of populations of the brown frog Rana sauteri (Ranidae) on Taiwan, inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences.'' Zoological Science, 26, 608-616.
- Jiang, J. P., Fei, L., Ye, C. Y., Zeng, X. M., Zheng, M. Q., Xie, F., and Chen, Y. Y. (1997). ''Studies on the taxonomic relationships of species of Pseudorana and discussions on the phylogenetical relationships with its relative genera (in Chinese with English abstract).'' Cultum Herpetol Sinica, 6(7), 67-74.
- Kuramoto, M., Wang, C. S., and Yu, H. T. (1984). ''Breeding, larval morphology and experimental hybridization of Taiwanese brown frogs, Rana longicrus and R. sauteri.'' Journal of Herpetology, 18, 387-395.
- Lai, S. J., Kam, Y. C., and Lin, Y. S. (2003). ''Elevational variation in reproductive and life history traits of Sauter’s frog Rana sauteri Boulenger, 1909 in Taiwan.'' Zoological Studies, 42, 193-202.
- Matsui, M., Shimada, T., Liu, M. Z., Manyati, M., Khomsue, W., and Orlov, N. (2006). ''Phylogenetic relationships of Oriental torrent frogs in the genus Amolops and its allies (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae).'' Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 38, 659-666.
- Matsui, M., Tanaka-Ueno, T., and Gao, Z. F. (2001). ''Phylogenetic relationships of a Chinese frog, Rana zhengi Zhao 1999, inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences (Amphibia, Ranidae).'' Current Herpetology, 20, 77-84.
- Matsui, T., and Matsui, M. (1990). ''A new brown frog (genus Rana) from Honshu, Japan.'' Herpetologica, 46, 78-85.
- Tanaka- Ueno, T., Matsui, M., Chen, S. L., Tanaka, O., Ota, H. (1998). ''Phylogenetic relationships of brown frogs from Taiwan and Japan assessed by mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences (Rana: Ranidae).'' Zoological Science, 15, 283-288.
- Wu, C.-S., and Kam, Y.-C. (2005). ''Thermal tolerance and thermoregulation by Taiwanese rhacophorid tadpoles (Buergeria japonica) living in thermal hot springs and streams.'' Herpetologica, 61, 35-46.
Distribution and Habitat
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Inglês
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fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
This species is endemic to western Taiwan. It can be found in lowland areas near small streams or ponds, from 100 to 500 m asl (Lai et al. 2003; Stuart et al. 2008). Habitat is low-altitude hill forests, usually in the vicinity of small streams (Stuart et al. 2008). The type locality is Quantzelin Village (originally known as Kanshirei), Taiwan (Jang-Liaw and Lee 2009; Boulenger 1909).
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
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Inglês
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fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
It is common but declining. Populations are currently being threatened by habitat loss due to agricultural and infrastructure development. It does not occur within any protected areas (Stuart et al. 2008).
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
(
Inglês
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fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
Breeding season occurs in the fall (Lai et al. 2003). Adults can be found in large breeding aggregations usually in fast-flowing streams but has also been found in still-water pools (Lai et al. 2003), and tadpoles have been found in ditches as well (Wu and Kam 2005). Eggs are found under submerged rocks at water depths of 10-15 cm (Lai et al. 2003). Tadpoles are gastromyzophorus (having an abdominal sucker) and are adapted to living in fast-flowing streams (Chou and Lin 1997).
Pseudoamolops sauteri
(
Catalão; Valenciano
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fornecido por wikipedia CA
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Pseudoamolops sauteri: Brief Summary
(
Catalão; Valenciano
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fornecido por wikipedia CA
Pseudoamolops sauteri és una espècie de granota que viu a Taiwan.
Es troba amenaçada d'extinció per la pèrdua del seu hàbitat natural.
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Rana multidenticulata
(
Inglês
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fornecido por wikipedia EN
Rana sauteri is a species of true frog endemic to Taiwan. It inhabits low-altitude hill forests and the associated streams. It is an endangered species threatened by habitat loss due to agriculture and infrastructure development.[1] Common names recorded for Rana sauteri include Kanshirei Village frog, Taiwan groove-toed frog, Sauter's brown frog, and Taiwan pseudotorrent frog.[2]
Taxonomy
Rana sauteri was first described in 1909 by George Albert Boulenger on the basis of specimens collected on Taiwan by one H. Sauter. Boulenger noted resemblances to Rana japonica and Rana mortenseni (now Hylarana mortenseni) and thought the species bridged part of the gap between Hylorana (now spelled Hylarana) and the Rana temporaria group of species.[3] In 1920, however, Boulenger placed the species in the subgenus Hylorana of the genus Rana.[4] In 1991, Fei and colleagues placed it in a new genus Pseudorana together with Rana sangzhiensis and Rana weiningensis, and in 2000 they even placed it in a genus of its own, Pseudoamolops, because they thought it was more closely related to Amolops frogs than to other species of Pseudorana.[5] However, molecular data place Rana sauteri well within the genus Rana, particularly the Rana temporaria group, and in 2006 Frost and colleagues therefore placed Pseudoamolops sauteri back in Rana.[6]
In 1921, Smith described Rana sauteri var. johnsi as a variety of Rana sauteri from Vietnam. This form, which also occurs in Guangxi (southern China), Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand, has been recognized as a separate species, Rana johnsi (previously Pseudorana johnsi) since 1999.[7] In addition, high-altitude populations of Rana sauteri were recognized as a separate species, Rana multidenticulata, in 1997.[8]
Description
Rana sauteri are medium-sized frogs: males grow to a snout–vent length of 35 mm (1.4 in) and females to 47 mm (1.9 in).[9] They have a slender body with brown, red brown or dark brown upper surface.[10]
Conservation
There is currently a Sauter's frog conservation project in the Dashanbei area of Hengshan Township (橫山鄉), Hsinchu County.[11]
References
-
^ a b IUCN 2020.
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^ Frost 2011, Rana sauteri Boulenger, 1909.
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^ Boulenger 1909, p. 493.
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^ Boulenger 1920, pp. 123, 129.
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^ Frost et al. 2006, p. 100.
-
^ Frost et al. 2006, p. 254.
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^ Frost 2011, Rana johnsi Smith, 1921.
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^ Frost 2011, Rana multidenticulata Chou and Lin, 1997.
-
^ Fei, L. (1999). Atlas of Amphibians of China (in Chinese). Zhengzhou: Henan Press of Science and Technology. p. 170. ISBN 7-5349-1835-9.
-
^ Lue, Kuang-Yang. "Rana sauteri". BiotaTaiwanica. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
-
^ "Eco-echo Ecological Conservation Hope Project - UMC".
Literature cited
- Boulenger, G.A. (1909). "Descriptions of four new frogs and a new snake discovered by Mr. H. Sauter in Formosa". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 4: 492–495. doi:10.1080/00222930908692704.
- Boulenger, G.A. (1920). "A monograph of the South Asian, Papuan, Melanesian and Australian frogs from the genus Rana". Records of the Indian Museum. 20: 1–226.
- Frost, D.R. (2011). "Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.5". New York: American Museum of Natural History.
- Frost, D. R.; Grant, T.; Faivovich, J. N.; Bain, R. H.; Haas, A.; Haddad, C. L. F. B.; De Sá, R. O.; Channing, A.; Wilkinson, M.; Donnellan, S. C.; Raxworthy, C. J.; Campbell, J. A.; Blotto, B. L.; Moler, P.; Drewes, R. C.; Nussbaum, R. A.; Lynch, J. D.; Green, D. M.; Wheeler, W. C. (2006). "The Amphibian Tree of Life". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 297: 1–291. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5781.
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Rana sauteri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
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Rana multidenticulata: Brief Summary
(
Inglês
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fornecido por wikipedia EN
Rana sauteri is a species of true frog endemic to Taiwan. It inhabits low-altitude hill forests and the associated streams. It is an endangered species threatened by habitat loss due to agriculture and infrastructure development. Common names recorded for Rana sauteri include Kanshirei Village frog, Taiwan groove-toed frog, Sauter's brown frog, and Taiwan pseudotorrent frog.
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Rana multidenticulata
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Espanhol; Castelhano
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fornecido por wikipedia ES
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Rana multidenticulata: Brief Summary
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Espanhol; Castelhano
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fornecido por wikipedia ES
Rana sauteri es una especie de anfibio anuro de la familia Ranidae. Se encuentra en Taiwán. Se encuentra amenazada de extinción por la pérdida de su hábitat natural debida a la agricultura y a la construcción de infraestructuras.
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Rana multidenticulata
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Basco
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fornecido por wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Rana multidenticulata: Brief Summary
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Basco
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Rana multidenticulata Rana generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Ranidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.
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Rana sauteri
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(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Rana sauteri: Brief Summary
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Basco
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fornecido por wikipedia EU
Rana sauteri Rana generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Ranidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.
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Rana multidenticulata
(
Francês
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fornecido por wikipedia FR
Rana sauteri est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Ranidae[1].
Répartition
Cette espèce est endémique de Taïwan. Elle se rencontre entre 170 et 500 m d'altitude[1].
Description
Rana sauteri mesure environ 60 mm. Son dos est gris pâle ou brun gris, soit uniforme, soit avec de petites taches noires ou brunes[2].
Étymologie
Cette espèce est nommée en l'honneur de Hans Sauter (1871–1943)[3].
Publications originales
- Boulenger, 1909 : Descriptions of Four new Frogs and a new Snake discovered by Mr. H. Sauter in Formosa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, sér. 8, vol. 4, p. 492-495 (texte intégral).
- Chou & Lin, 1997 : Description of a new species, Rana multidenticulata (Anura: Ranidae), from Taiwan. Zoological Studies, vol. 36, p. 222-229.
Notes et références
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Rana multidenticulata: Brief Summary
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Francês
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Rana sauteri est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Ranidae.
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Pseudoamolops multidenticulatus
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Português
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Pseudoamolops multidenticulatus: Brief Summary
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Português
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Pseudoamolops multidenticulatus é uma espécie de anfíbio da família Ranidae.
É endémica de Taiwan.
Os seus habitats naturais são: regiões subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de alta altitude e rios.
Está ameaçada por perda de habitat.
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Pseudoamolops sauteri
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Pseudoamolops sauteri: Brief Summary
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Vietnamita
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fornecido por wikipedia VI
Rana sauteri là một loài ếch thuộc họ Ranidae. Đây là loài đặc hữu của Đài Loan.
Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là rừng ẩm vùng đất thấp nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới và sông ngòi. Chúng hiện đang bị đe dọa vì mất môi trường sống.
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梭德氏赤蛙
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Chinês
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fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
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梭德氏赤蛙（學名：Rana sauteri）是棲息於台灣低海拔溪流的蛙屬兩棲動物，由於其棲息地因人類的農業與開墾而喪失，目前為瀕臨絕種的物種。[1]
描述
梭德氏赤蛙 是一種中型大小的青蛙，雄蛙體長可達 35 mm（1.4英寸） ，雌蛙則達 47 mm（1.9英寸）[2]。體型修長，體表為可能為棕色，紅棕色或深棕色。[3]
保育
目前於新竹縣的橫山鄉大山背，有一個梭德氏赤蛙保育區。[4]
延伸閱讀
腳註
物種識別信息 
梭德氏赤蛙: Brief Summary
(
Chinês
)
fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
梭德氏赤蛙（學名：Rana sauteri）是棲息於台灣低海拔溪流的蛙屬兩棲動物，由於其棲息地因人類的農業與開墾而喪失，目前為瀕臨絕種的物種。
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