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Rhinophylla pumilio is subject to predation by squirrel monkeys. Squirrel monkeys have learned how to prey on tent making bats regardless of roost protection. Dwarf little fruit bats roost in small groups under tents made of leaves and stems. They use the vibration of the leaves to alert them of predator presence. Squirrel monkeys will scout the leaves from below, grabbing bats and knocking some to the ground.
Known Predators:
Rhinophylla pumilio is commonly known as dwarf little fruit bats or Peter's little fruit bats. Females are slightly larger than males with an average weight of 10.4 g in females and 9.4 g in males. Fur color is unicolored gray or brown to the base with slightly darker hair tips (Emmons, 1990). Head to body length averages 50 mm in females and 48.3 mm in males (Eisenberg and Redford, 1999). Wing color is dark to blackish, contrasting with the lighter metacarpals and phalanges (Rinehart and Kunz, 2006). Average forearm length in females is 35 mm and 34.7 mm in males. Average hind foot length for females is 10.77 mm and 10.33 mm in males. The ears are rounded, shorter than the head, and are a pinkish brown color (Rinehart and Kunz, 2006). Average ear length for females is 15.81 mm and 16.33 mm in males (Eisenberg and Redford, 1999). The tragus extends one-third of the length of the ear and is small and broad.
Dwarf little fruit bats have no external tail. The calcar is 5 mm in length and is distinct. The noseleaf is well developed, with a length twice its width. The tragus can reach well beyond the eye to the center of the forehead when flattened.
The dental formula is i 2/2, c 1/1, p 2/2, m 3/3, totaling 32 teeth. The medial upper incisors are notched and are larger than the outer incisors. The lower incisors contrast in size, the medial being larger and having a trilobed cutting edge . The two lower premolars are similar in form to the 3 lower molars.
Rhinophylla pumilio can be distinguished from Carollia species by the absence of a tail and reduced uropatagium. Rhinophylla pumilio can also be distinguished from other Rhinophylla species by incisor shape. The upper medial incisor is notched on cutting edge of R. pumilio and R. fischerae, whereas the cutting edge is uninterrupted in R. alethina. Rhinophylla pumilio also has a distinct lateral cingular style which is absent in R. fischerae and R. alethina. Rhinophylla pumilio is distinguished from other Rhinophylla species by the absence of conspicuous, stiff hairs along the distal edge of the uropatagium and a shorter calcar.
Range mass: 7 to 13 g.
Range length: 43 to 58 mm.
Average basal metabolic rate: 1.96ml cm3.O2/g/hr.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike
Life expectancy of Rhinophylla pumilio is not known.
In Venezuela, R. pumilio is associated with moist areas and structured, tropical evergreen forests (Eisenberg and Redford, 1999). In French Guiana and southeastern Brazil, R. pumilio is found in primary and mature secondary lowland forest. In Amazonian Brazil R. pumilio is found in a wide variety of habitats including primary forest, forest fragments, and savannas.
Range elevation: 10 to 1,400 m.
Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland ; forest ; rainforest
Other Habitat Features: riparian
Rhinophylla pumilio occurs in the Amazon Basin and the Guianas (Emmons, 1990). It can be found in Bolivia, Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador, Columbia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Peru (Rinehart and Kunz, 2006).
Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native )
Dwarf little fruit bats have a variable diet that consist of small seeded understory and mid-canopy fruits. They occasionally eat the pollen of flowers, such as the flowers of Vismia duckei, Philodendron billietae, and Cecropis disphylla (Rhinehart and Kunz, 2006).
Plant Foods: seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit; pollen
Primary Diet: herbivore (Frugivore )
Dwarf little fruit bats are mostly frugivorous and are important seed and pollen dispersers (Fenton, 1992).
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds; pollinates
There is little information available on how Rhinophylla pumilio benefits humans.
There is little information available on interspecific communication in R. pumilio. Dwarf little fruit bats are microchiropteran bats that use echolocation calls to navigate and find food (Fenton, 1992). Olfaction is probably also an important mode of perception and communication, as many species of fruit bats use olfaction to locate food and communication among mammals is often primarily through olfaction.
Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; echolocation ; chemical
Rhinophylla pumilio is common throughout its geographical range. It is classified as lower risk/least concern by the IUCN red list of threatened species.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
State of Michigan List: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
There is no evidence that Rhinophylla pumilio negatively effects humans.
The mating system of R. pumilio has not been studied in detail. Dwarf little fruit bats have been found roosting in groups of one male to two to three females, suggesting polygyny.
Mating System: polygynous
There is little available information on the reproductive behavior of R. pumilio. Pregnant and lactating females have been captured in March, May, June, July, August, September November, and December (Rinehart and Kunz 2006). As in other bat species, females give birth to one young per year.
Breeding interval: Dwarf little fruit bats breed once yearly.
Average number of offspring: 1.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous
There is little available information on the parental involvement of Rhinophylla pumilio. However, as in all bat species, females invest a significant proportion of their energy into gestation and lactation of their single offspring each year.
Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female)
El ratpenat escuat gris (Rhinophylla pumilio) és una espècie de ratpenat que viu a Bolívia, el Brasil, Colòmbia, l'Equador, Guaiana Francesa, Guyana, Perú, Surinam i Veneçuela.[1]
El ratpenat escuat gris (Rhinophylla pumilio) és una espècie de ratpenat que viu a Bolívia, el Brasil, Colòmbia, l'Equador, Guaiana Francesa, Guyana, Perú, Surinam i Veneçuela.
The dwarf little fruit bat (Rhinophylla pumilio) is a species of leaf-nosed bat from South America.[2]
As its name implies, the dwarf little fruit bat is a relatively small bat. Adults are just 4 to 6 cm (1.6 to 2.4 in) in head-body length, and weigh only 7 to 14 g (0.25 to 0.49 oz). Females are slightly larger, on average, than males. The fur is generally drab, being brown or reddish-brown across the entire body, although the individual hairs have white roots. The ears are rounded and hairless, with a relatively small tragus, and are pinkish-brown in colour. The bats have a prominent nose-leaf, which, when flattened, easily extends to the animal's forehead.[3]
The wing membranes are blue, and contrast with the bony parts of the wing, which have a distinct white colour. They extend all the way to the base of the toes, and the uropatagium reaches to mid-way along the lower leg. There is no tail, a feature which distinguishes these bats from the otherwise similar short-tailed fruit bats that inhabit the same region. A further distinguishing feature is the shape of a series of protuberances found on the chin of both groups; in dwarf little fruit bats, the central bump is triangular, rather than circular, and is flanked by fleshy pads, rather than by a V-shaped pattern of smaller nodules.[3]
Dwarf little fruit bats are found in across much of northern South America east of the Andes, from northern Bolivia, through eastern Peru and Ecuador, across northeastern and Amazonian Brazil, and into southern Colombia and Venezuela, and throughout the Guianas.[1] They are widespread, and generally present in large numbers where they are found, preferring primary forest below 1,400 m (4,600 ft), but are also sometimes found in more disturbed habitats, including plantations and pastures, and in open savannah.[3][4]
No subspecies are recognized.
Dwarf little fruit bats are exclusively herbivorous, eating a wide range of fruits, including Philodendron, matico, arum, and figs. They help to disperse the seeds of some these fruits, which pass unharmed through their digestive tracts,[3] and have also been observed to eat pollen from some plants.[5]
They are nocturnal, spending the day in tent-like roosts constructed from the leaves of Philodendron and similar plants, typically 1.5 to 15 m (4 ft 11 in to 49 ft 3 in) above the ground. The roosts are temporary, with the bats moving every few days, and are found in small groups, occupied by a single male and up to three females. The bats are most active immediately after dusk and before dawn, foraging in the mid-canopy and forest understory, and covering an area of 5 to 15 ha (12 to 37 acres) each night. Pregnant females have been captured at most times of the year, suggesting the bats have little, if any, defined breeding season. The female gives birth to a single young.[3]
The dwarf little fruit bat (Rhinophylla pumilio) is a species of leaf-nosed bat from South America.
El murciélago frutero enano, (Rhinophylla pumilio) es una especie de quiróptero de Sudamérica, que se encuentra en Bolivia, Perú, Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guayana Francesa, Guyana, Surinam y Venezuela.[1][3]
El color de pelaje es gris o marrón, más claro en la base y un poco más oscuro en la punta. La hembra es ligeramente más grande que el macho. El peso promedio alcanza 10,4 g en la hembra y 9,4 g en el macho. La longitud del cuerpo con a cabeza alcanza 5 cm en la hembra y 4,8 cm en el macho. La alas son negruzcas, en contraste con los metacarpianos y las falanges más claras. La longitud media del antebrazo es de 3,5 cm. Las orejas son redondeadas, más cortas que la cabeza, y de color rosado-marrón. El trago se extiende de un tercio de la longitud de la oreja y es pequeño y ancho.[4]
Se encuentra generalmente en áreas húmedas tropicales, cerca de los ríos, ricas en frutales.[1] Se durante el día en tiendas que construyen, a 1,5 m a 15 m del suelo, con hojas de palmeras, formando grupos de un macho y dos a tres hembras.[4] Nocturno, se activa inmediatamente después de ponerse el sol y antes del amanecer, con un período de inactividad en medio de la noche.[4] Se alimenta principalmente de frutos de arbustos del sotobosque, aunque también consume insectos.[1]
Datos: Q1832267
Multimedia:
Especies: Rhinophylla pumilio
El murciélago frutero enano, (Rhinophylla pumilio) es una especie de quiróptero de Sudamérica, que se encuentra en Bolivia, Perú, Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guayana Francesa, Guyana, Surinam y Venezuela.
Rhinophylla pumilio Rhinophylla generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Carolliinae azpifamilia eta Phyllostomidae familian sailkatuta dago
Rhinophylla pumilio Rhinophylla generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Carolliinae azpifamilia eta Phyllostomidae familian sailkatuta dago
Rhinophylla pumilio (Peters, 1865) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei Fillostomidi diffuso nell'America centrale e meridionale.[1][2]
Pipistrello di piccole dimensioni, con la lunghezza della testa e del corpo tra 45 e 55 mm, la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 33 e 38 mm, la lunghezza del piede tra 9 e 12 mm, la lunghezza delle orecchie tra 13 e 17 mm e un peso fino a 13,5 g.[3]
Le parti dorsali variano dal bruno-olivastro al bruno-rossastro, mentre le parti ventrali sono bruno-grigiastre. La base dei peli è ovunque biancastra. La foglia nasale è larga e lanceolata. La porzione anteriore è fusa con il labbro superiore. Sul mento è presente una grossa verruca rotonda affiancata da due verruche allungate inclinate. Le orecchie sono relativamente corte, arrotondate, separate tra loro e bruno-rosate. Il trago è corto e largo. Le membrane alari sono nerastre con i metacarpi e le falangi biancastre e attaccate posteriormente alla base dell'alluce. È privo di coda, mentre l'uropatagio è ridotto ad una sottile membrana lungo la parte interna degli arti inferiori e con il margine libero privo di peli. Il calcar è corto circa la metà del piede. Il cariotipo è 2n=34 e 36 FN=64 e 62.
Costruisce rifugi con grandi foglie arrotolate di alberi dei generi Atalea, Astrocaryon, Philodendron, Rhodospatha, Sterculia, Phenakospermum, Musa e Heliconia. Solitamente forma gruppi composti da un maschio e fino a tre femmine. Le attività iniziano immediatamente dopo il tramonto e durano fino all'alba, con intervalli di inattività.
Si nutre di frutta, particolarmente di piante dei generi Vismia, Piper, Solanum, Miconia e Cecropia.
Una femmina gravida è stata catturata in Venezuela nel mese di dicembre, in Brasile nel mese di luglio, in Colombia a maggio e luglio e in Perù nei mesi di luglio, agosto, settembre e novembre. Danno alla luce un piccolo alla volta.
Questa specie è diffusa nella Colombia centrale e meridionale, Venezuela meridionale, Guyana, Suriname, Guyana francese, Ecuador, Perù, Bolivia centrale e settentrionale, Brasile settentrionale e centrale.
Vive nelle foreste tropicali sempreverdi e più raramente in quelle decidue fino a 1.400 metri di altitudine. Si trova in prossimità di corsi d'acqua e nei frutteti.
La IUCN Red List, considerato il vasto areale, classifica R.pumilio come specie a rischio minimo (LC).[1]
Rhinophylla pumilio (Peters, 1865) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei Fillostomidi diffuso nell'America centrale e meridionale.
Rhinophylla pumilio is een zoogdier uit de familie van de bladneusvleermuizen van de Nieuwe Wereld (Phyllostomidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Peters in 1865.
De soort komt voor in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru en van Bolivia tot de Guyana's en het oosten van Brazilië.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesRhinophylla pumilio is een zoogdier uit de familie van de bladneusvleermuizen van de Nieuwe Wereld (Phyllostomidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Peters in 1865.
Rhinophylla pumilio é uma espécie de morcego da família Phyllostomidae. Pode ser encontrada no Brasil, Bolívia, Peru, Equador, Colômbia, Venezuela, Guiana, Suriname e Guiana Francesa.[1]
É um morcego relativamente pequeno. Adultos possuem apenas entre 4 a 6 cm (1,6 a 2,4 in) de comprimento cabeça-corpo, pesando apenas entre 7 a 14 g (0,25 a 0,49 oz). Em média, as fêmeas são ligeiramente maiores que os machos. A pele é geralmente monótona, sendo marrom ou marrom-avermelhada em todo o corpo, embora os pêlos individuais tenham raízes brancas. As orelhas são arredondadas e sem pêlos, com um trago relativamente pequeno e de cor marrom-rosada. Possuem uma folha nasal proeminente que, quando achatada, se estende facilmente à testa do animal.[2]
As membranas das asas são azuis e contrastam com as partes ósseas da asa, que têm uma cor branca distinta. Eles se estendem até a base dos dedos dos pés, e o uropatágio atinge o meio da perna. Não há cauda, uma característica que distingue tal espécie.[2]
São encontrados em grande parte do norte da América do Sul a leste dos Andes, do norte da Bolívia, através do leste do Peru e do Equador, através do nordeste e da Amazônia do Brasil, e no sul da Colômbia e Venezuela, além de todas as Guianas.[3] Quando encontrados, geralmente estão em grande número e optam por habitar floresta primitiva localizadas a abaixo de 1 400 m (4 600 pé), mas às vezes também são encontrados em habitats mais conturbados, incluindo plantações e pastagens, e em savana aberta.[2][4]
Trata-se de espécie exclusivamente herbívora, comendo uma grande variedade de frutas, incluindo imbé, mático, aráceas e figos. Ajudam a dispersar as sementes de algumas dessas frutas, que passam ilesas pelo trato digestivo,[2] bem como foi observado que comem pólen de algumas plantas.[5]
São noturnos, passando o dia em poleiros semelhantes a tendas construídos com folhas de filodendro e plantas semelhantes, normalmente entre 1,5 a 15 m acima do solo. Os poleiros são temporários pois morcegos movem-se a cada poucos dias, sendo encontrados em pequenos grupos, ocupados por um único macho e até três fêmeas. São mais ativos imediatamente após o anoitecer e antes do amanhecer. Ademais, uma fêmea dá à luz a um único filhote.[2]
Rhinophylla pumilio é uma espécie de morcego da família Phyllostomidae. Pode ser encontrada no Brasil, Bolívia, Peru, Equador, Colômbia, Venezuela, Guiana, Suriname e Guiana Francesa.
Rhinophylla pumilio[2][3] är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av Peters 1865. Rhinophylla pumilio ingår i släktet Rhinophylla och familjen bladnäsor.[4][5] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[4]
Hos denna fladdermus är honor allmänt större än hanar. Honor når i genomsnitt en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) av 50 mm, en underarmlängd av 35,0 mm och en vikt av 10,4 g. Hos hanar är de genomsnittliga värden 48,3 mm för kroppslängden, 34,7 mm för underarmlängden och 9,4 g för vikten. Svansens ansats är inte synlig. Rhinophylla pumilio har grå eller brun päls och en mörk till svartaktig flygmembran. Färgen av de runda öronen är rosa-brun. Liksom andra bladnäsor har arten en hudflik på näsan som påminner om ett smalt blad. Den del av flygmembranen som ligger mellan bakbenen (uropatagium) är smal och inte täckt med styva hår. Rhinophylla pumilio skiljer sig även i avvikande detaljer av framtändernas konstruktion från andra arter i samma släkte.[6]
Arten förekommer i norra Sydamerika från centrala Colombia och centrala Venezuela till centrala Brasilien och Bolivia. Den lever i tropiska regnskogar, i fuktiga lövfällande skogar och i trädodlingar.[1]
Individerna vilar i tältliknande bon som skapas av stora blad. Tältet ligger 1,5 till 15 meter över marken och där vilar en hane och upp till tre honor tillsammans. De är aktivas vid slutet av skymningen och i början av gryningen. För att hitta födan flyger de varje natt 1600 till 4750 meter.[1][6]
Födan utgörs främst av frukter samt av några insekter. I mindre mått ingår även pollen i födan. Till fladdermusens naturliga fiender räknas dödskalleapor (Saimiri). Honor kan troligen para sig hela året.[1][6]
Wikispecies har information om Rhinophylla pumilio.
Rhinophylla pumilio är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av Peters 1865. Rhinophylla pumilio ingår i släktet Rhinophylla och familjen bladnäsor. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.
Rhinophylla pumilio — вид родини Листконосові (Phyllostomidae), ссавець ряду Лиликоподібні (Vespertilioniformes, seu Chiroptera).
Країни проживання: Болівія, Бразилія, Колумбія, Еквадор, Французька Гвіана, Гаяна, Перу, Суринам, Венесуела. Висотний діапазон до 1400 м над рівнем моря. Значною мірою пов'язаний з вологими районами і тропічними вічнозеленими лісами, живе поблизу річок, гаїв і фруктових садів; рідко в листяних лісах.
У першу чергу плодоїдний; також їсть комах. Сідала знайдені в наметах з пальмового листя і ароїдних.
Rhinophylla pumilio — вид родини Листконосові (Phyllostomidae), ссавець ряду Лиликоподібні (Vespertilioniformes, seu Chiroptera).
Rhinophylla pumilio là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi mũi lá, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Peters mô tả năm 1865.[2]
Rhinophylla pumilio là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi mũi lá, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Peters mô tả năm 1865.
난쟁이작은과일박쥐(Rhinophylla pumilio)는 주걱박쥐과(신세계잎코박쥐류)에 속하는 박쥐의 일종이다.[2] 남아메리카에서 발견된다.[2]
작은 박쥐로 몸길이는 45~55mm이고 전완장은 33~38mm이다. 발 길이는 9~12mm, 귀 길이는 13~17mm, 몸무게는 13.5g이다.[3]
콜롬비아 남부와 베네수엘라 남부, 가이아나, 수리남, 프랑스령기아나, 에콰도르, 페루, 볼리비아 중북부, 브라질 북중부 지역에 분포한다. 열대 상록수림에서 살며 해발 1,400m 이하의 낙엽수림에도 드물게 서식한다.
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