dcsimg

Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

fornecido por AnAge articles
Maximum longevity: 14.1 years (captivity) Observations: One captive animal was at least 14.1 years when it died (Richard Weigl 2005).
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Conservation Status ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Because of logging of its habitat and naturally occurring wildfire destruction, G. leadbeateri faces a grim future. Timber harvesting of the ash-type forests has, in recent years, been the major form of habitat destruction in Victoria. This process entails the removal of the large trees and then the subsequent burning and reseeding of the harvested site (Lindenmayer, 2000). Although these sites are eventually reseeded, the delicate nesting site is lost for many years. Wildfires have not been uncommon in highland Victoria, and these natural events have seriously plagued G. leadbeateri over the last 500 years (Lindenmayer and Taylor, 1995). One fire in 1939, in particular, burned nearly 70% of the region, in effect, decimating the Eucalypt tree populations on which Leadbeater's depends on for survival (Lindenmayer and Taylor, 1995).

A hollow or dead tree takes time to form. Estimates indicate that the largest Eucalypt trees require 150 years before can develop suitable nesting sites. With this long regeneration time complemented by the rapid destruction of the few remaining nesting sites, extinction of the species is perhaps inevitable and could conceivably occur in our lifetime (Lindenmayer and Taylor, 1995).

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: endangered

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Eckhart, R. 2002. "Gymnobelideus leadbeateri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Gymnobelideus_leadbeateri.html
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Rodgers Eckhart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Sem título ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

The gliding membrane, not found in G. leadbeateri, was perhaps a positive structural adaptation made by other members of Petauridae during the Pleistocene. The effects of this adaptation can be seen in the sugar glider Petaurus breviceps, which has flourished in modern times contrary to G. leadbeateri, which has been decimated (Massicot, 2000).

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Eckhart, R. 2002. "Gymnobelideus leadbeateri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Gymnobelideus_leadbeateri.html
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Rodgers Eckhart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Behavior ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

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Eckhart, R. 2002. "Gymnobelideus leadbeateri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Gymnobelideus_leadbeateri.html
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Rodgers Eckhart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Associations ( Inglês )

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Leadbeater's Possum inhabits dead and decaying trees, many of which are filled with abundant insect populations. As a primary predator of tree-dwelling insects, the possum limits the insect influence in the ecosystem (Smith, 1995).

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Eckhart, R. 2002. "Gymnobelideus leadbeateri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Gymnobelideus_leadbeateri.html
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Rodgers Eckhart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Trophic Strategy ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

The diet of G. leadbeateri consists of two main staples, both of which come from the plants and trees in the environment. Near the nesting site, many species of insects (beetles and crickets) and spiders can be found behind the bark of the three species of Eucalypt trees. Arthropods also can be obtained and utilized in the decaying logs and leaves that characterize the forest floor. Other important resources used by Leadbeater's are the exudates and saps that are produced by plants and some insects in the region. In fact, some estimates show that 80% of the daily energy intake comes directly from these sources (Smith, 1995).

Living in a temperate environment, food abundance varies seasonally. Typically, food is abundant in spring and summer, especially insects and plants, and all of the possum's energy requirements are usually met. During winter months, Leadbeater's has been observed eating a species of cricket that shelters itself by living behind the bark of the Mountain-Ash tree. This ability to find protein in the absence of many other food requirements may be what allows G. leadbeateri to reproduce in nearly all months of the year (Smith, 1995).

Animal Foods: insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods

Plant Foods: sap or other plant fluids

Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore , Eats non-insect arthropods)

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Eckhart, R. 2002. "Gymnobelideus leadbeateri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Gymnobelideus_leadbeateri.html
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Rodgers Eckhart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Distribution ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Gymnobelideus leadbeateri, or Leadbeater's Possum, is strictly confined to a remote region in Victoria, Australia. It inhabits a range of only about 3500 square kilometers in the highlands of Victoria. Leadbeater's Possum is one of the most isolated marsupials in the wild (Massicot, 2001).

Biogeographic Regions: australian (Native )

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Eckhart, R. 2002. "Gymnobelideus leadbeateri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Gymnobelideus_leadbeateri.html
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Rodgers Eckhart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Animal Diversity Web

Habitat ( Inglês )

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Leadbeater's Possum lives in the highlands of Victoria between altitudes of 500 and 1500 meters (Massicot, 2001). The climate is cool and harsh and receives copious amounts of precipitation, some of which falls as snow during the winter. High annual precipitation amounts combine with cool temperatures to produce an open forest characterized by diverse species of tall, straight Eucalypt trees (Lindenmayer and Taylor, 1995). In particular, Leadbeater's Possum prefers to nest in the Mountain Ash. The steep terrain found in the highlands limits population size, as it has been estimated that only 6.7% of the forest is suitable nesting habitat (Massicot, 2001).

An important characteristic of the trees in which Leadbeater's nests in is that they must be dead or hollow. Typically, these "nesting trees" take over a hundred years to become suitable environments for the possum (Lindenmayer and Taylor, 1995).

Range elevation: 500 to 1500 m.

Habitat Regions: temperate

Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; mountains

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Eckhart, R. 2002. "Gymnobelideus leadbeateri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Gymnobelideus_leadbeateri.html
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Rodgers Eckhart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Life Expectancy ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Average lifespan
Sex: male
Status: wild:
7.5 years.

Average lifespan
Sex: female
Status: captivity:
9.0 years.

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Eckhart, R. 2002. "Gymnobelideus leadbeateri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Gymnobelideus_leadbeateri.html
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Rodgers Eckhart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Morphology ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Leadbeater's Possum is very similar in size and structure to the other sugar glider marsupials in the family Petauridae. It is typically gray-brown with a distinct dark stripe running the length of the back. The color on the underside is pale compared to the darker dorsal side. As typical of other Australian possums, a pouch used to harbor the live young is inconspicuous on the underside of the animal. Upon reaching maturity, Leadbeater's Possum has an average mass of about 135 grams. Although the average length is 300 mm upon reaching maturity, nearly half of this length is accounted for by a long tail (Lindenmayer and Taylor, 1995).

Leadbeater's Possum is the only member of its family without a gliding membrane, a fact that leads researchers to believe that G. leadbeateri is a primitive member of the group (Smith, 1984).

Range mass: 100 to 170 g.

Average length: 300 mm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

Average basal metabolic rate: 0.574 W.

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Eckhart, R. 2002. "Gymnobelideus leadbeateri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Gymnobelideus_leadbeateri.html
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Rodgers Eckhart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Animal Diversity Web

Associations ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Young Leadbeater's Possums are very susceptible to attacks by owls. Like most marsupials, the young are protected by being kept in the mother's pouch for three months after they are born (Smith, 1995).

Known Predators:

  • owls (Strigiformes)
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Eckhart, R. 2002. "Gymnobelideus leadbeateri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Gymnobelideus_leadbeateri.html
autor
Rodgers Eckhart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Animal Diversity Web

Reproduction ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Leadbeater's Possum is monogamous, and young of both sexes are almost always displaced from the nest prior to reaching full maturity (Massicot, 2001).

Mating System: monogamous

Similar to most marsupials in Australia, G. leadbeateri has a very short gestation period. In fact, never has a gestation period ever been observed to be longer than 20 days (Smith, 1984). The young are born extremely altricial, and they are quickly placed into the pouch for protection and milk.

An interesting characteristic of Leadbeater's Possum is that it is polyoestrus; the loss of a litter stimulates the immediate production of another litter (Smith, 1984).

Although classified as a seasonal breeder, Leadbeater's Possums have been observed giving birth in every month except for January and February (Smith, 1984). The ability to breed in every winter month seems to be a direct indicator that the energy requirement necessary for pregnancy can be met even under restricted conditions (Smith, 1995).

Breeding season: April-June ; October-December

Range number of offspring: 1 to 2.

Range gestation period: 15 to 20 days.

Range weaning age: 10 to 15 months.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 2 years.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 2 years.

Key Reproductive Features: seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual

Average number of offspring: 1.5.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
Sex: male:
464 days.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female:
475 days.

Immediately after being born, young Leadbeater's Possums are transferred to the mother's pouch. Here, the poorly developed young stay an average of 85 days. At about three months, the defenseless young venture out of the nest for the first time to forage (Smith, 1995). Weaning takes place between 10 to 15 months after being born, with females leaving earlier than males. Leadbeater's Possum is fully mature by age two (Massicot, 2001). Because young are extremely altricial, mothers cover most aspects of parental care in their pouches. Here, the mother can provide the rich milk needed for rapid development as well as protection from outside dangers.

Parental Investment: altricial

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Eckhart, R. 2002. "Gymnobelideus leadbeateri" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Gymnobelideus_leadbeateri.html
autor
Rodgers Eckhart, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Ondrej Podlaha, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Animal Diversity Web

Biology ( Inglês )

fornecido por Arkive
Unusually for mammals, Leadbeater's possum has a female-dominated society. Pairs are monogamous, but the female vigorously defends her 0.01 – 0.03 km² territory against other mature females, including her own daughters (5). Within each territory a single nest is made of loosely matted bark inside a hollow mountain ash tree (6). The nest can contain up to eight individuals, consisting of the reproducing pair, their offspring and unrelated sexually mature males. Nest mates share in mutual grooming and recognise one another through smell (6). The dominant female mates throughout the year giving birth in any month except January and February (5) to one or two offspring (6). Pregnancy lasts no longer than 20 days, and following birth, the underdeveloped offspring crawl to the pouch for protection and milk. They remain there for 85 days until developed enough to venture out of the nest to forage. Weaning takes place at 10 months for female offspring and 15 months for male offspring. Full maturity is reached at around age two, but many females will not survive to this age as they are not welcome in the home ranges of other mature females. Males out-number females three-to-one as a result (5). This nocturnal marsupial has a fairly sedentary lifestyle. It eats insects and spiders from behind the bark of three species of eucalyptus (5), as well as cutting notches into the bark of Acacia with its teeth causing the tree to release gum, which it eats (6). As Leadbeater's possum lives in a temperate area, food availability is seasonal and the diet is cricket-based during the winter (5). The young may be preyed upon by owls (5), but survivors can live to at least 7.5 years (2).
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Conservation ( Inglês )

fornecido por Arkive
Already endangered, this species cannot fully recover for 50 – 100 years as the old trees that are crucial to its lifestyle are currently too young. Populations in sub-optimum older-aged and mixed-aged forest are less dense than populations in optimal habitat, but older forests are thought to be less at risk from wildfires (3). Therefore, a management plan is in place that involves protecting both optimum and sub-optimum habitat with a nature reserve system as well as an alternative logging system that preserves high quality habitat (3). Experiments with the introduction of nest boxes have been partially successful, with 13 out of 96 nest boxes now occupied by Leadbeater's possum (7).
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Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por Arkive
Thought to be extinct after disastrous fires in 1939, Leadbeater's possum was only rediscovered in 1961 in Marysville near Melbourne, Australia (6). Similar to other marsupial gliders, the Leadbeater's possum has a long bushy tail, large ears and eyes, and thick soft fur (4). It is grey-brown with a dark stripe running the length of the back, and a paler underside (3). There are dark patches at the base of the ears, as well as above and below the eyes (4). It is thought to be a more primitive member of the glider group as it has no gliding membrane (3). This marsupial has an inconspicuous pouch (5).
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Habitat ( Inglês )

fornecido por Arkive
This species has very specific habitat requirements as it needs regenerating or uneven-aged ash forests that contain both eucalypt species and old hollow mountain ash trees. It does not thrive in old ash forests (1).
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Range ( Inglês )

fornecido por Arkive
Found only in Australia, Leadbeater's possum has a limited distribution of about 3,500 km² near the western end of Victoria's Central Highland at altitudes of between 500 and 1,500 m above sea level. A small isolated population has also been found near Yellingbo, east of Melbourne, Victoria (1).
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Status ( Inglês )

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Leadbeater's possum is classified as Endangered (EN A2c, E) on the IUCN Red List 2004 (1). It is also classified as threatened on Schedule 2 of the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 of Australia (3).
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Threats ( Inglês )

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Leadbeater's possum is heavily dependent on old mountain ash trees for nesting sites, and these trees are threatened by timber operations and wildfire (1). Deforestation is followed by burning and reseeding, but these young trees will not make suitable nest sites for another 150 years (5).
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Posom Leadbeater ( Bretã )

fornecido por wikipedia BR


Posom Leadbeater (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) zo ur bronneg godellek a vev e Victoria (gevred Aostralia). Ar spesad nemetañ eo er genad Gymnobelideus.

Leadbeater's Possum 01 Pengo.jpg

Bevañ a ra e koadeier, etre 500 ha 1500 metr a-us live ar mor. An niver a bosomed Leadbeater n'hall ket kreskiñ kalz dre m'eo strizh tachenn-vevañ al loen (war-dro 3500 km²). Ouzhpenn-se en deus ezhomm da gaout gwez marv pe kleuz evit neizhiañ.

E-keñver ment ha framm eo heñvel a-walc'h posom Leadbeater ouzh spesadoù all er c'herentiad Petauridae. Gris-gell eo, gant ur roudenn deñval a-hed e gein. Sklaeroc'h eo liv e gof. Evel posomed all Aostralia ez eus ur c'hodell, diaes da verzout, ouzh e gof hag a servij da reiñ bod d'an hini bihan. 135 gramm eo pouez etre posom Leadbeater ha 30 cm e hirder (al lost oc'h ober an hanter anezhañ). Eus holl izili ar c'herentiad Petauridae eo an hini nemetañ hep kroc'henenn etre e bavioù a-raok hag e bavioù a-dreñv.

Berr eo prantad an dougen : 20 devezh d'ar muiañ. Ur c'holen pe zaou a vez ganet bewech ha lakaet kerkent e godell ar vamm ma kavont gwarez ha laezh e-pad tri miz well-wazh. A-hed ar bloaz (estreget miz Genver ha miz C'hwevrer) e c'heller gwelet ganedigezhioù.

Oberiant eo diouzh an noz ha bevañ a-stroll (4-8 hinienn : ur c'houblad hag o re vihan) en un neizh. Er c'hontrol diouzh an urzhaz sokial boutinañ e-touez ar bronneged eo ar barez a ren ar strollad. Tagañ a ra ar parezed all hag he merc'hed dezhi memes. Rak-se e vez kuitaet an neizh gant ur barez yaouank kalz abretoc'h eget gant ur par.

Amprevaned (c'hwiled ha mirc'hi-raden) ha kevnid a vez diskoachet gant posom Leadbeater a-dreñv rusk ar gwez eukaliptuz. En em vagañ a ra ivez diwar ar sap pe danvezennoù produet gant plant hag amprevaned an takad. En nevez-amzer hag en hañv eo pourvezet-mat tiriad ar posom gant boued liesseurt. Er goañv e kav ur spesad mirc'hi-raden a gav goudor a-dreñv rusk Eucalyptus regnans. Ar varregezh-se da gavout proteinoù a-hed an amzer zo kaoz eus ar ganedigezhioù e kazi holl vizioù ar bloaz.

Preizher pennañ posom Leadbeater eo ar c'haouenned.

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Pòssum de Leadbeater ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

El pòssum de Leadbeater (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) és un pòssum amenaçat[1] limitat a petites zones de boscos primaris de freixe de muntanya de Tasmània als altiplans centrals de Victòria (Austràlia), al nord-est de Melbourne.

Els pòssums de Leadbeater poden ser moderadament comuns dins les àrees minúscules en què viuen; la seva necessitat d'aliments disponibles tot l'any i forats als troncs per refugiar-s'hi durant el dia els restringeix a boscos humits esclerofil·les d'edat mixta, amb una canopea mitjana densa d'acàcies. És l'única espècie del gènere Gymnobelideus.

Fou anomenat en honor de John Leadbeater, aleshores taxidermista del Museu de Victòria.[2]

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Pòssum de Leadbeater Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
  1. Groves, Colin. Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (editors). Mammal Species of the World (en anglès). 3a ed.. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, pàg. 54. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. (anglès)
  2. Hackett, Des. Peter Preuss (ed.). Leadbeater's Possum: Bred To Be Wild. Trafford Publishing, 2006. ISBN 1-4120-8382-6.


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Pòssum de Leadbeater: Brief Summary ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

El pòssum de Leadbeater (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) és un pòssum amenaçat limitat a petites zones de boscos primaris de freixe de muntanya de Tasmània als altiplans centrals de Victòria (Austràlia), al nord-est de Melbourne.

Els pòssums de Leadbeater poden ser moderadament comuns dins les àrees minúscules en què viuen; la seva necessitat d'aliments disponibles tot l'any i forats als troncs per refugiar-s'hi durant el dia els restringeix a boscos humits esclerofil·les d'edat mixta, amb una canopea mitjana densa d'acàcies. És l'única espècie del gènere Gymnobelideus.

Fou anomenat en honor de John Leadbeater, aleshores taxidermista del Museu de Victòria.

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Vakoveverka bezblaná ( Checo )

fornecido por wikipedia CZ
ikona
Tento článek není dostatečně ozdrojován a může tedy obsahovat informace, které je třeba ověřit.
Jste-li s popisovaným předmětem seznámeni, pomozte doložit uvedená tvrzení doplněním referencí na věrohodné zdroje.

Vakoveverka bezblaná (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri), známá též jako vakoveverka Leadbeaterova, je ohrožený druh vakoveverky z monotypického rodu Gymnobelideus. Je vázána na staré horské porosty blahovičníku druhu Eucalyptus regnans v austrálském státě Victoria. Jedná se o primitivní a reliktní druh vakoveverky postrádající schopnost pasivního letu.

Charakteristika

Délka vakoveverky bezblané bez ocasu činí 15 až 17 cm, s ocasem pak přibližně dvojnásobek. Hmotnost se pohybuje od 120 do 163 g. Její barva je většinou šedá. Žije ve skupinách čítajících okolo osmi členů. Ve dne žije skrytě a v noci hledá potravu v korunách stromů. Živí se převážně hmyzem, pryskyřicí nebo nektarem. V lidské péči žere i ovoce, zeleninu, semena a holátka myší. Po březosti dlouhé 15 až 17 dní rodí jedno až dvě mláďata.

Historie a ohrožení

Vakoveverka bezblaná se poprvé objevila asi před 20 miliony lety. Objevena byla roku 1867 irským biologem sirem Frederickem McCoyem. Do roku 1909 byla známá jen podle pěti exemplářů. Od té doby panovaly obavy ohledně přežití tohoto druhu. Od velkého požáru buše v roce 1939 zvaného Velký pátek, byla považována za vyhynulou. 3. dubna roku 1961 byla znovuobjevena přírodovědcem Ericem Wilkinsonem nedaleko Cambarville. Ještě téhož roku byla objevena populace nedaleko Marysville. Až do 80. let 20. století populace rostla až na 7500 jedinců. Od té doby jejich počty prudce klesaly až k 1500 jedincům v roce 2009. Podle studie z roku 2014 je pravděpodobnost 92 %, že tyto vakoveverky vyhynou do 50 let. Největší problém při ochraně je těžba dřeva a malý areál rozšíření. K roku 2015 je v zajetí chováno pouhých 6 jedinců z geneticky odlišných populací.

Reference

  1. Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-10]

Externí odkazy

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Vakoveverka bezblaná: Brief Summary ( Checo )

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Vakoveverka bezblaná (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri), známá též jako vakoveverka Leadbeaterova, je ohrožený druh vakoveverky z monotypického rodu Gymnobelideus. Je vázána na staré horské porosty blahovičníku druhu Eucalyptus regnans v austrálském státě Victoria. Jedná se o primitivní a reliktní druh vakoveverky postrádající schopnost pasivního letu.

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Hörnchenbeutler ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Der Hörnchenbeutler (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) ist eine Beuteltierart aus der Familie der Gleitbeutler (Petauridae). Trotz seiner Verwandtschaft zu dieser Gruppe besitzt er keine Gleitmembranen, er ähnelt in seinem Äußeren den Hörnchen (Sciuridae).

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

Hörnchenbeutler bewohnen ein kleines, rund 3500 km² großes Gebiet zwischen Melbourne und dem Alpine-Nationalpark im australischen Bundesstaates Victoria. In einer Höhe von 1200 Metern kommen sie in einem von Myrtengewächsen dominierten Sekundärwald mit einem etwa 15 bis 50 Jahre alten Baumbestand und mehr als vier alten, großen Urwaldriesen pro Hektar vor. Häufige Baumarten in dieser Höhe sind Schnee-Eukalyptus (Eucalyptus pauciflora) und Riesen-Eukalyptus (E. regnans), E. camphora, E. delegatensis und E. nitens. Im dichten Unterholz wachsen Akazien. Im Yellingbo Nature Conservation Reserve leben die Tiere unter anderem in offenen Wäldern mit Eucalyptus fulgens, E. obliqua und Pfefferminz-Eukalyptus (E. radiata), sowie in zwei Typen von galeriewäldern, einem mit Rutenförmigem Eukalyptus (E. viminalis) und Acacia melanoxylon als Unterholz und einem anderen mit Südseemyrte (Leptospermum scoparium), Leptospermum continentale, L. lanigerum, Erikablättriger Myrtenheide (Melaleuca ericifolia) und Melaleuca squarrosa.[1]

 src=
Verbreitungskarte des Hörnchenbeutlers
 src=
Hörnchenbeutler

Beschreibung

Das Fell dieser Tiere ist an der Oberseite grau bis graubraun gefärbt und weist einen schwarzen Rückenstreifen auf, die Unterseite ist hell cremefarben. Zwei weitere schwarze Streifen ziehen sich im Gesicht von den Augen zu den Ohren. Diese Tiere erreichen eine Kopfrumpflänge von 15 bis 17 Zentimeter und ein Gewicht von 100 bis 170 Gramm. Der buschige Schwanz, der nicht zum Greifen verwendet werden kann, wird 15 bis 18 Zentimeter lang. Er ist keulenförmig und hinten breiter als an der Basis.[1]

Lebensweise

Hörnchenbeutler sind nachtaktive Baumbewohner, die ihr Nest etwa eine viertel Stunde nach Sonnenuntergang verlassen. Als Nestplatz verwenden sie Höhlen in sehr großen lebenden oder abgestorbenen Eukalyptusbäumen, was hohe Ansprüche an ihren Lebensraum stellt. Die Nester werden mit Baumrinde ausgepolstert. Sie verbringen fast drei Viertel ihrer Zeit im Nest.[1]

Hörnchenbeutler leben in kleinen Gruppen von zwei bis zwölf Tieren zusammen, die aus einem monogamen Paar und ihrem kleinen und erwachsenen, sich aber noch nicht fortpflanzendem Nachwuchs bestehen. Eine Gruppe bewohnt ein Territorium von rund ein bis zwei Hektar Größe.[1]

Nahrung

Die Nahrung der Hörnchenbeutler setzt sich aus Insekten und Baumsäften zusammen. Sie jagen Käfer, Heuschrecken, Zweiflügler, Hautflügler, Fransenflügler, Schnabelkerfe, Schmetterlinge und Raupen, Spinnen und Pseudoskorpione auf den Bäumen, nagen aber auch die Rinde an, um die Baumsäfte aufnehmen zu können. Insekten und andere Gliederfüßer machen etwa 20 % ihrer Nahrung aus, 80 % besteht aus Pflanzensäften, z. B. die von Silber-Akazien (Acacia dealbata) und Acacia obliqua, sowie aus Honigtau.[1]

Fortpflanzung

Außer im Hochsommer (Januar, Februar) können Hörnchenbeutler zu jeder Jahreszeit gebären. Die meisten Jungtiere werden von April bis Juni oder von Oktober bis Dezember geboren. Mit rund 15 bis 17 Tagen ist ihre Tragzeit selbst für Beuteltiere sehr kurz, die Wurfgröße beträgt eins bis zwei. Weibchen haben vier Zitzen. Unmittelbar nach der Geburt wandern die Neugeborenen in den Beutel der Mutter, wo sie die nächsten 80 bis 93 Tage verbringen. Anschließend halten sie sich bis zu einem Alter von etwa 110 Tagen im Nest der Gruppe auf, bevor sie die ersten Streifzüge unternehmen. Weibchen verlassen die Eltern mit einem Alter von 10 Monaten, Männchen bleiben noch 5 Monate länger. Die Geschlechtsreife tritt mit rund zwei Jahren ein.[1]

Bedrohung

Erstmals wurden diese Tiere im 19. Jahrhundert in der Nähe von Melbourne gesichtet. Nachdem es nach 1909 jahrzehntelang keine Funde gab, hielt man sie bereits für ausgestorben, ehe sie 1961 im östlichen Victoria wiederentdeckt wurden.

Sie benötigen als Schlafplatz hohle oder abgestorbene Eukalyptusbäume. Diese fallen jedoch oft der menschlichen Rodungstätigkeit oder Buschfeuern zum Opfer, und da ein Baum rund 150 Jahre benötigt, um für Hörnchenbeutler geeignet zu sein, wirkt sich das drastisch auf die Population aus.

Schätzungen zufolge leben nur mehr 1100 bis 11.000 Tiere in einem kleinen Gebiet, weitere Rodungen lassen einen weiteren Populationsrückgang und eine Zerstückelung des Verbreitungsgebietes befürchten. Die IUCN listet die Art als vom Aussterben bedroht.[2]

Da es als wahrscheinlich gilt, dass die inzwischen zum Erhalt der Art erfolgten Änderungen in der Waldbewirtschaftung früher erfolgt wären, wenn die Art nicht verfrüht als ausgestorben eingestuft worden wäre, wird der Hörnchenbeutler als Beispiel für den Romeo-Irrtum genannt.[3]

Belege

  1. a b c d e f Stephen Jackson: Family Petauridae (Striped Possums, Leadbeater's Possum and Lesser Gliders). S. 562 in Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 5. Monotremes and Marsupials. Lynx Editions, 2015, ISBN 978-84-96553-99-6. Seite 560.
  2. Gymnobelideus leadbeateri in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2006. Eingestellt von: Australasian Marsupial & Monotreme Specialist Group, 1996. Abgerufen am 25. Dezember 2018.
  3. H.R. Akçakaya, David A. Keith, Mark Burgman, Stuart H.M. Butchart, Michael Hoffmann, Helen M.Regan, Ian Harrison, Elizabeth Boakes: Inferring extinctions III: A cost-benefit framework for listing extinct species. In: Biological Conservation. Band 214, Oktober 2017, S. 336–342, doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2017.07.027.

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Hörnchenbeutler: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

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Der Hörnchenbeutler (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) ist eine Beuteltierart aus der Familie der Gleitbeutler (Petauridae). Trotz seiner Verwandtschaft zu dieser Gruppe besitzt er keine Gleitmembranen, er ähnelt in seinem Äußeren den Hörnchen (Sciuridae).

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Leadbeater's possum ( Escoceses )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

Leadbeater's possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) is a possum lairgely restrictit tae smaw pockets o alpine ash, muntain ash an snaw gum forests in the Central Highlands o Victoria, Australie, north-east o Melbourne.[3] It is primitive, relict, an nan-glidin, an, as the anerly species in the petaurid genus Gymnobelideus, represents a ancestral fuirm. Umwhile, Leadbeater's possums wur moderately common athin the vera smaw auries they inhabitit; their requirement for year-roond fuid supplies an tree-holes tae tak refuge in durin the day restricts thaim tae mixed-age wet sclerophyll forest wi a dense mid-story o Acacia. The species wis namit efter John Leadbeater, the then taxidermist at the Museum Victoria.[4] They also go by the common name of fairy possum.[5] On 2 Mairch 1971,[6] the State of Victoria made the Leadbeater's possum its faunal emblem.[7]

References

  1. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Order Diprotodontia". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. "Gymnobelideus leadbeateri". IUCN Reid Leet o Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. Internaitional Union for Conservation o Naitur. 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2014. Database entry includes justification for why this species is listed as endangered
  3. Leadbeater's Possum Recovey Plan, 1997
  4. Hackett, Des (2006). Peter Preuss (ed.). Leadbeater's Possum: Bred To Be Wild. Trafford Publishing. p. 203. ISBN 1-4120-8382-6.
  5. Tyndale-Biscoe, Hugh (2004). Life of marsupials. CSIRO publishing. p. 203. ISBN 0-643-06257-2.
  6. gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/images/1971/V/general/20.pdf
  7. Milman, Oliver: "Government-backed logging 'pushing rare possum towards extinction" in The Guardian 27 May 2013

Freemit airtins

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Leadbeater's possum: Brief Summary ( Escoceses )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

Leadbeater's possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) is a possum lairgely restrictit tae smaw pockets o alpine ash, muntain ash an snaw gum forests in the Central Highlands o Victoria, Australie, north-east o Melbourne. It is primitive, relict, an nan-glidin, an, as the anerly species in the petaurid genus Gymnobelideus, represents a ancestral fuirm. Umwhile, Leadbeater's possums wur moderately common athin the vera smaw auries they inhabitit; their requirement for year-roond fuid supplies an tree-holes tae tak refuge in durin the day restricts thaim tae mixed-age wet sclerophyll forest wi a dense mid-story o Acacia. The species wis namit efter John Leadbeater, the then taxidermist at the Museum Victoria. They also go by the common name of fairy possum. On 2 Mairch 1971, the State of Victoria made the Leadbeater's possum its faunal emblem.

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Leadbeater's possum ( Inglês )

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Leadbeater's possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) is a critically endangered possum largely restricted to small pockets of alpine ash, mountain ash, and snow gum forests in the Central Highlands of Victoria,[3] Australia, north-east of Melbourne.[4] It is primitive, relict, and non-gliding, and, as the only species in the petaurid genus Gymnobelideus, represents an ancestral form. Formerly, Leadbeater's possums were moderately common within the very small areas they inhabited; their requirement for year-round food supplies and tree-holes to take refuge in during the day restricts them to mixed-age wet sclerophyll forest with a dense mid-story of Acacia. The species was named in 1867 after John Leadbeater, the then taxidermist at the Museum Victoria.[5] They also go by the common name of fairy possum.[6] On 2 March 1971, the State of Victoria made the Leadbeater's possum its faunal emblem.[7][8]

History

Leadbeater's possum is thought to have evolved about 20 million years ago.[9] It was not discovered until 1867 and was originally known only through five specimens, the last one collected in 1909.[10][11] From that time on, the fear that it might be extinct gradually grew into near-certainty after the swamps and wetlands in Australia around Bass River in south-west Gippsland were drained for farming in the early 1900s.[12]

By the time of the 1939 Black Friday fires, the species was thought to have been extinct.[8][13] Then, on 3 April 1961, a member of the species was rediscovered by naturalist Eric Wilkinson in the forests near Cambarville, and the first specimen in more than 50 years was captured later in the month.[13][14][10]

In 1961, a colony was discovered near Marysville.[15] Extensive searches since then have found the existing population in the highlands. However, the availability of suitable habitat is critical: forest must be neither too old nor too young, with conservation efforts for Leadbeater's possum involving protection of remaining old-growth stands, and maintenance of younger stands that are allowed to attain hollow-bearing age.[4]

The combination of 40-year-old regrowth (for food) and large dead trees left still standing after the fires (for shelter and nesting) allowed the Leadbeater's possum population to expand to an estimated peak of about 7500 in the early 1980s.[16] From its peak in the 1980s, the Leadbeater's possum population was expected to further decline rapidly, by as much as 90%,[2] due to a habitat bottleneck. The population has dropped sharply since 1996.[12] Particularly, the February 2009 Black Saturday bushfires destroyed 43% of Leadbeater's possums' habitat in the Central Highlands, halving the wild population to 1,500.[8] A study in 2014 concluded there is a 92% chance the Leadbeater's ecosystem in the Victoria central highlands will collapse within 50 years.[17]

Habits

Leadbeater's possums are rarely seen as they are nocturnal, fast-moving, and occupy the upper storey of some of the tallest forest trees in the world.[2] They have an average body length of 33 cm (13 inches) with the tail included.[18] They live in small family colonies of up to 12 individuals,[11] including one monogamous breeding pair. Mating occurs only once a year, with a maximum of two joeys being born to each pair.[18] All members sleep together in a nest made out of shredded bark in a tree hollow, anywhere from 6 to 30 metres above ground level and roughly in the centre of a territory of 3 hectares, which they defend actively. The society of Leadbeater's possums is matriarchal: each group is dominated by only one female Leadbeater's possum that is active in expelling outsiders.[11] Other juvenile females are weaned off before they reach sexual maturity.[19] In addition, female Leadbeater's possums are more aggressive in nature, often engaging in frequent fights with other females, including their own daughters. Due to the constant attacks, young females are forced to leave much earlier than their male brothers, which results in the extremely high male to female ratio of 3:1.[19]

Solitary Leadbeater's possums have difficulty surviving: when young males disperse at about 15 months of age, they tend either to join another colony as a supernumerary member, or to gather together into bachelor groups while they wait to find a mate.

At dusk, Leadbeater's possums emerge from the nest and spread out to forage in the sub-canopy, often making substantial leaps from tree to tree (they require continuous understory to travel). Their diet is omnivorous: feeding on a range of wattle saps and exudates, lerps, and a high proportion of arthropods which they find under the loose bark of eucalypts, including spiders, crickets, termites and beetles. Plant exudates make up 80% of their energy intake, but the protein provided by the arthropods is essential for successful breeding.[16]

Births are usually timed for the beginning of winter (May and June) or late spring (October and November). Most litters are of one or two young, which stay in the pouch for 80 to 90 days, and first emerge from the nest following this. Young, newly independent Leadbeater's possums are very vulnerable to owls.

As of 2013, Leadbeater's possums are found in three habitat types: lowland swamp gum, of Yellingbo Nature Conservation Reserve; montane ash forest, wet sclerophyll forest dominated by mountain ash, shining gum and alpine ash with a dense mid-story of acacia species; sub-alpine woodlands of Mount Baw Baw, Lake Mountain and Mount Bullfight.

Threats

George, a taxidermied male Leadbeater's possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri), that Friends of Leadbeater's Possum uses for its educational work concerning this threatened species.

Leadbeater's possums and their forest habitat have been the subject of the largest longitudinal study of any species in the world—conducted by David Lindenmayer, a professor at the Australian National University, and his research assistants since 1983. Hundreds of peer reviewed scientific papers, journal articles and books have resulted from the years of data collection by the ANU team. Their findings show that the availability of suitable habitat is critical: forest must be neither too old nor too young, with conservation efforts for Leadbeater's possums involving protection of remaining old-growth stands, and maintenance of younger stands that are allowed to attain hollow-bearing age.[4] Clearfell logging and salvage logging (after bushfires) have been proven by the researchers to have been the greatest threat to the possums' conservation in the wild over the last three decades of the 20th century.

Habitat loss

George was found dead but intact on the side of a logging road about 2011 in the Victorian Central Highlands. It is assumed that George's home in the mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forests was a victim of logging, and as his home was being carted away he fell off the logging truck.

The entire Central Highlands population distribution is confined to a 70 by 80 kilometre area. With 43% of its known Central Highlands habitat[20] destroyed in the bushfires of February 2009 – large areas of forest around Toolangi, Marysville, Narbethong, Cambarville and Healesville – the species' status is currently in doubt.[21] Consequently, in December 2012, David Lindenmayer and Zoos Victoria's threatened species biologist, Dan Harley, submitted an application to the federal government for a revision of the species status, providing evidence that it should be relisted as critically endangered. The then minister for the environment, Tony Burke, agreed with the nomination and forwarded the application to the scientific committee of the EPBC Act requesting urgent consideration. On 22 April 2015, it was decided to relist the species as critically endangered.[22]

The only remaining population outside the Central Highlands is located at Yellingbo Nature Conservation Reserve. Harley has estimated this population to be fewer than 50.[23]

Logging

As the species is endangered and occupies a restricted range,[24] logging continues to pose a critical threat to the Leadbeater's possum. The logging in 1993 of "much of the possum's habitat, known as zone one" a five hectare reserve east of Powelltown, followed a "mapping error".[25] Author Peter Preuss stated that the possum's population faltered in 1997 with current habitat (limited to a 50-square-kilometre area) under threat from logging. He emphasised the need to relaunch a breeding program.[26]

Despite a joint federal and state government plan to save it, since the 1980s, the Leadbeater's possum population halved to around 2000 even before the Black Saturday fires. Many more were killed early in 2007 when the government-backed enterprise company, VicForests, bulldozed large firebreaks through Leadbeater's monitoring stations following the Christmas fires – firebreaks and clear-felling also prevent breeding with nearby colonies.[12]

David Lindenmayer talking about the preservation of the Leadbeater's possum in Melbourne

David Lindenmayer (Australian National University) has argued that the need for nest boxes indicates that logging practices are not ecologically sustainable for conserving hollow-dependent species like the Leadbeater's possum.[27] Studies have shown that clear-felling operations, such as the logging run in state forest between the Yarra Ranges National Park and Mount Bullfight Conservation Reserve in February 2006, led to the deaths of most possums in the area—"Adult animals have a strong affinity with their home range and are reluctant to move".[28]

Salvage logging since the fires has posed a further risk to this extremely diminished population[29] with clear-felling also approved by VicForests in the few remaining unburnt areas, such as the Kalatha Creek area of Toolangi State Forest in 2010, a move opposed by the Yarra Ranges Shire Council.[30][31]

In 2012 MyEnvironment challenged VicForests' operations in three planned coupes in the Toolangi forest in the supreme court. The basis of their claim being that "VicForests did not undertake adequate pre-logging surveys prior to logging in an area that we claim meets Leadbeater's habitat and therefore should not have been logged."[32] The proposed logging is to supply (taxpayer subsidised) pulp to manufacture 'Reflex' copy paper—a product of Australian Paper owned by the Japanese company, Nippon Paper Group.[33] During the case, film was recorded of a Leadbeater's possum in the contested coupe area. The case was lost by MyEnvironment due to inconsistencies in the wording of the Leadbeater's Possum Action Statement (10 years out of date) and the forestry prescriptions adhered to by VicForests. The group immediately appealed the decision by the presiding judge Justice Osborne, and the supreme court accepted there was a sound basis for an appeal to the original determination. A supreme court appeal was heard on 24 June 2013 before three judges and MyEnvironment was represented in court by Julian Burnside QC. The appeal was lost.

Feral cats

Previously feral cats had only been considered a peripheral threat to Leadbeater's possums, but recent research has found video evidence of cats preying on possums leaving nesting boxes, and of possum remains in stomach contents of trapped feral cats. It is now considered that cats may be a more significant threat to possum populations, particularly in areas already disturbed by logging or bushfires.[34]

Legislation

On 27 June 2013 the Napthine led State government passed legislative changes to allow VicForests access to Victoria's forests for the next 25 years and to be self monitoring (this follows the success of other recent cases preventing logging of remaining possum habitat). According to The Wilderness Society, "the Victorian government ... [is] virtually signing the death warrant of the remaining 500 or so Leadbeater's possums."[35] These changes to the Sustainable Forests (Timber) Act 2004 will have implications not only for the Leadbeater's possum but to the biodiversity, carbon storage and water catchments of the forests.[36][37]

Conservation

On 22 April 2015, Greg Hunt, the Minister for the Environment, announced that the Leadbeater's possum would be listed as a "critically endangered" species under the EPBC Act.[22]

The forestry industry and Barnaby Joyce advocate for the Leadbeater's possum to be taken off the critically endangered list.[38] Following uproar from the logging industry & the National Party it was soon placed under re-assessment. On the eve of an ABC 4 Corner episode on "Extinction" (24 June 2019) the then Environment Minister, Sussan Ley announced that it would be re-listed as "critically endangered".

Of its ash forest habitat, about 30% is protected, while the rest is allocated to logging.

In addition there is a small isolated, genetically distinct, population protected within the Yellingbo Nature Conservation Reserve.[2] This lowland habitat consist primarily of Sedge-rich Eucalyptus camphora Swamp.

In 2013 it was proposed to create the "Great Forest National Park" to protect the mountain ash forest habitat.[39] The park would protect the area between Kinglake, Baw Baw and Eildon national parks, which is also important for Melbourne's drinking water and as a carbon sink.[40]

Since 2004, the Friends of Leadbeater's Possum community group has been active in raising the animal's profile and lobbying for its conservation.

Through a joint community/government program, "Project Possum" has installed approximately 200 plastic nest boxes in the wild. Many of these nest boxes were paid for by a community fundraising campaign. The nest boxes are primarily used to assist with ongoing population monitoring and supplement the declining forest habitat. Project Possum has targeted two forest types: montane ash forest (i.e. Mt Ritchie, Dowey Spur, Ben Cairn) and sub-alpine woodland (i.e. Mount Baw Baw, Lake Mountain, and Mount Bullfight). The nest boxes are routinely checked for habitation every one or two years. Nest boxes located in the sub-alpine woodland tend to have a high uptake, while those located in montane ash forest have very limited uptake. An additional 50 nest boxes are due for installation in 2015–16.

Captive breeding

Des Hackett is credited as the first person to successfully breed the Leadbeater's possum in captivity. In May 2006, the last Australian specimen at the time, held at Healesville Sanctuary, died. In January 2010, Kasia, at the time the last captive Leadbeater's possum worldwide, died at Toronto Zoo.[41] The predation in early 2012 by a feral cat of the few Lake Mountain Leadbeater's possums remaining after the 2009 bushfire led to three remaining individuals being taken into captivity for their own protection.[42] One animal has since died.[43] There are no plans to release the remaining two animals despite a further two colonies of Leadbeater's possums having recently been located at Lake Mountain in remnant gully vegetation. These two Lake Mountain animals are now on public display in the Nocturnal House as ambassadors for the species. Healesville Sanctuary's captive breeding program for Leadbeater's possums recommenced in May 2012 and now comprises 6 individuals from the genetically distinct Yellingbo population. As of May 2015, they are housed as pairs in large enclosures off display, but are yet to breed.

The Photo Ark

On 14 September 2017, National Geographic reported that the Leadbeater's possum was the 7,000th animal photographed for The Photo Ark by Joel Sartore.[44] The project's goal is to photographing all species living in zoos and wildlife sanctuaries around the globe in order to inspire action to save wildlife.[45]

See also

References

  1. ^ Groves, C. P. (2005). "Order Diprotodontia". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ a b c d Woinarski, J.; Burbidge, A.A. (2016). "Gymnobelideus leadbeateri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T9564A21959976. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T9564A21959976.en. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  3. ^ "Regional Forest Agreement CENTRAL HIGHLANDS - Updated Map" (PDF). Regional Forest Agreement. 31 March 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  4. ^ a b c Macfarlane, M.A.; Smith, J.; Lowe, K. (1998). Leadbeater's Possum Recovery Plan, 1998–2002. Melbourne: Department of Natural Resources and Environment.
  5. ^ Hackett, Des (2006). Peter Preuss (ed.). Leadbeater's Possum: Bred To Be Wild. Trafford Publishing. p. 203. ISBN 1-4120-8382-6.
  6. ^ Tyndale-Biscoe, Hugh (2004). "Pygmy possums and sugar gliders: pollen eaters and sap suckers". Life of marsupials. CSIRO publishing. p. 203. ISBN 0-643-06257-2.
  7. ^ Delacombe, Rohan; Bolte, Henry (10 March 1971). "Faunal Emblems for the State of Victoria" (PDF). Victoria Government Gazette – Online Archive 1836–1997. State Library of Victoria. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
  8. ^ a b c Milman, Oliver (27 May 2013). "Government-backed logging 'pushing rare possum towards extinction". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 April 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  9. ^ "How to save a forest fairy from extinction". The Wilderness Society. 27 May 2014. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  10. ^ a b Ley, Willy (December 1964). "The Rarest Animals". For Your Information. Galaxy Science Fiction. pp. 94–103.
  11. ^ a b c "Facts about Leadbeater's Possum". Help save Leadbearer's Possum. Friends of Leadbeater's Possum Inc. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  12. ^ a b c Weekes, Peter (5 August 2007). "State's emblem nearly extinct". The Sunday Age. Melbourne. p. 1. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
  13. ^ a b Lost & Found. "Lost & Found - Once upon a time, there was an adventurer". lostandfoundnature.com/story_leadbeaters.html. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  14. ^ Lindenmayer, David (1996). Wildlife + Woodchips: Leadbeater's Possum— A Test Case for Sustainable Forestry. University of New South Wales Press. p. 28.
  15. ^ "Leadbeater's Possum". Herald Sun. 20 September 2011.
  16. ^ a b "Leadbeater's Possum". Australian Government, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  17. ^ "Leadbeater's possum habitat 'almost certain to collapse' due to logging, fires". The Guardian. 7 November 2014. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  18. ^ a b "Leadbeater's Possum". Friends of the Helmeted Honeyeater inc. Archived from the original on 29 March 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
  19. ^ a b "Leadbeater's Possum". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
  20. ^ "Last captive Leadbeater's possum dies". 9 News. ninemsn Pty Ltd. Australian Associated Press. 15 April 2006. Archived from the original on 5 April 2012.
  21. ^ "A million native animals may have died in Victorian bushfires". The Australian. Australian Associated Press. 11 February 2009. Archived from the original on 14 February 2009. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
  22. ^ a b Hunt, Greg (22 April 2015). "Government moves to save Victoria's iconic Leadbeater's possum". Minister for the Environment (Press release). Department of the Environment and Energy. Archived from the original on 24 May 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2015.
  23. ^ Morton, Adam (2 October 2010). "Hello possum, you're an emblem of extinction". The Age. Archived from the original on 25 February 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
  24. ^ Lindenmayer, D.B.; Smith, A.P.; Craig, S.A.; Lumsden, L.F. (1989). "A survey of the distribution of Leadbeater's possum, Gymnobelideus leadbeateri McCoy in the Central Highlands of Victoria". Victorian Naturalist. 106: 174–178.
  25. ^ O'Neill, Graeme (12 May 1993). "Rare possum's habitat destroyed by mistake". The Age. Melbourne. p. 5.
  26. ^ Elder, John (16 April 2006). "Death puts spotlight on Leadbeater plight". The Sunday Age. Melbourne. p. 5. Archived from the original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
  27. ^ Lindenmayer, D.B.; MacGregor, C.; Gibbons, P. (December 2002). "Comment – Economics of a nest-box program for the conservation of an endangered species: a re-appraisal". Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 32 (12): 2244–2247. doi:10.1139/x02-142.
  28. ^ Hutchison, Tracee (18 February 2006). "A possum stares extinction in the face". The Age. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
  29. ^ Lindenmayer, David; Banks, Sam; McBurney, Lachlan; Blair, David (25 October 2010). "After the fire: Leadbeater's long journey". Ecos (157): 1–5. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
  30. ^ "Call to stop logging Toolangi". Welcome to Yarra Ranges. Yarra Ranges Shire Council. 18 June 2010. Archived from the original on 26 November 2010.
  31. ^ "Faunal Emblem Threatened: The animal victims of Black Saturday". Friends of Leadbeater's Possum. 18 June 2010. Archived from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2010. Transcript of ABC TV Broadcast: 22/05/2009 Reporter: Kate Arnott
  32. ^ "Leadbeater's Possum". MyEnvironment. MyEnvironment Network. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  33. ^ Farnsworth, Sarah (6 February 2012). "Toolangi logging threatens rare possum, court told". ABC News. Archived from the original on 10 February 2012. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
  34. ^ Feral cats filmed preying on nesting Leadbeater's possums Archived 27 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine ABC News, 26 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  35. ^ Jordan, Warrick (29 December 2011). "Native woodchipping sector in rapid decline". The Age. Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
  36. ^ "Sustainable Forests (Timber) Amendment Bill 2013". Victorian Legislation and Parliamentary Documents. Victoria State Government. 28 June 2013. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
  37. ^ Milman, Oliver (27 June 2013). "Conservationists fear Victoria's cuts to logging green tape". Guardian UK. Archived from the original on 10 October 2013. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
  38. ^ Cox, Lisa (8 July 2018). "Leadbeater's possum: conservationists say draft report proves endangered status". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  39. ^ Arup, Tom (29 August 2013). "Push for national park to save possum". The Age. Archived from the original on 29 August 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  40. ^ "Great Forest National Park". My/Forests Inc. Archived from the original on 6 September 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  41. ^ "Leadbeater's Possum". Zoos Victoria. 19 September 2011. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
  42. ^ "Three Leadbeater's Possums from Lake Mountain brought into care". Zoos Victoria. Victoria State Government. 13 February 2012. Archived from the original on 14 March 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
  43. ^ "Endangered possums taken to wildlife sanctuary". ABC News. 13 February 2012. Archived from the original on 15 February 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
  44. ^ Brady, Heather (14 September 2017). "'Forest Fairy' Joins as 7,000th Animal in Nat Geo's Photo Ark". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 27 May 2018. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  45. ^ Biga, Leo Adam (10 April 2018). "Nature photographer Joel Sartore taking cue from Noah with his National Geographic Photo Ark". Thereader.com. The Reader. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2018.

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Leadbeater's possum: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Leadbeater's possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) is a critically endangered possum largely restricted to small pockets of alpine ash, mountain ash, and snow gum forests in the Central Highlands of Victoria, Australia, north-east of Melbourne. It is primitive, relict, and non-gliding, and, as the only species in the petaurid genus Gymnobelideus, represents an ancestral form. Formerly, Leadbeater's possums were moderately common within the very small areas they inhabited; their requirement for year-round food supplies and tree-holes to take refuge in during the day restricts them to mixed-age wet sclerophyll forest with a dense mid-story of Acacia. The species was named in 1867 after John Leadbeater, the then taxidermist at the Museum Victoria. They also go by the common name of fairy possum. On 2 March 1971, the State of Victoria made the Leadbeater's possum its faunal emblem.

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Gymnobelideus leadbeateri ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

El falangero de Leadbeater o del río Bass (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) es una especie de marsupial diprotodonto de la familia Petauridae. Es la única especie de su género, de la que no se reconocen subespecies[2]​ y es endémico de Australia.[1]​ Es el animal estatal de Victoria.[3]

Taxonomía y etimología

 src=
Cabeza de falangero de Leadbeater.

Es considerado como el petáurido más primitivo, similar a la forma ancestral de la que evolucionaron tanto las especies planeadoras (Petaurus) en Australia y como las no planeadoras en Nueva Guinea (Dactylopsila),[4]​ y aunque comparte muchos caracteres morfológicos y genéticos con las otras especies de su familia, su relación con ellos no está del todo aclarada.[5]​ Es semejante al petauro del azúcar (Petaurus breviceps) en morfología, comportamiento y fisiología, por lo que fue clasificado anteriormente junto a él y los otros petauros en la subfamilia Petaurinae, sin embargo, estudios genéticos recientes sugieren un parentesco más estrecho con los falangeros listados (Dactylopsila).[5]

El nombre genérico, Gymnobelideus, deriva del griego gymno (desnudo, refiriéndose a su carencia de patagio) y belideus (dardo o flecha), y el nombre de la especie, leadbeateri, viene del apellido del taxidermista del Museo de Victoria John Leadbeter (1831-1888), en cuyo honor McCoy describió por primera vez la especie en 1867.[5]

La especie solo era conocida por una media docena de ejemplares en museos, y se consideraba extinta hasta que fue redescubierta en 1961, encontrándose una colonia de ellos en Australia, viviendo entre densa y achaparrada maleza.[6]

Descripción

Su aspecto es similar al petauro del azúcar, pero carece de patagio,[7]​ el cual es meramente vestigial. Tiene el pelaje suave y de color gris o gris parduzco en el dorso y amarillo crema en el vientre y patas, con una distintiva banda oscura que recorre el dorso desde la frente a la base de la cola.[8]​ Otras bandas recorren la cabeza desde la base de las orejas, a través de los ojos, hasta el hocico, de forma similar pero menos definidas a las del petauro del azúcar.[9]​ Los dedos son muy anchos en la punta, con fuertes garras, y a diferencia de los petauros tiene la cola lateralmente aplanada y no es prensil,[8]​ siendo esta además larga y peluda.[10]​ Las hembras presentan un marsupio bien desarrollado que contiene en su interior cuatro mamas.[8]

Tiene una longitud cabeza-cola que oscila entre 152 y 168 mm, más de 190 a 199 mm de la cola, y pesa entre 120 y 163 gramos, pesando lo mismo ambos sexos.[8]

Distribución y hábitat

Se encuentra únicamente en Australia, donde está confinado a una remota zona de las montañas del estado de Victoria, con una distribución muy limitada (inferior a 3.500 km²).[1]

Su hábitat óptimo son los bosques de eucaliptos con un denso sotobosque y con abundantes árboles huecos.[1]​ Habita en altitudes que van de los 500 a los 1500 m., donde el clima suele ser frío y con precipitaciones frecuentes, incluso con nieve en invierno.[11]​ Para anidar prefiere los fresnos de montaña australianos (Eucalyptus regnans).[11]

Comportamiento

Son arborícolas y de hábitos estrictamente nocturnos,[9]​ abandonando el nido al crepúsculo y retornando al amanecer, aunque a lo largo de la noche realiza una media de cincuenta visitas al nido de breve duración.[4]​ En el exterior se muestra muy activo.[4]

Los falangeros de Leadbeater son monógamos,[11]​ y anidan en árboles muertos o huecos,[11]​ agrupándose en colonias que oscilan entre 1 y 8 individuos, consistentes en una pareja reproductora, sus crías y 1 o 2 machos no relacionados.[8]​ La hembra adulta es el miembro dominante y defiende el nido con la ayuda del macho reproductor.[4]​ Construyen un nido a una altura de entre 10 y 30 metros en árboles huecos de gran tamaño, y controlan un territorio de 1 o 2 hectáreas[8]​ Las hembras son poliéstricas, y la pérdida de la camada estimula inmediatamente la producción de otra.[11]​ El periodo de gestación es inferior a 20 días, y los nacimientos tienen lugar de marzo a diciembre, con picos de abril a junio y octubre a diciembre.[12]​ La hembra pare habitualmente 1 o 2 crías por camada,[8]​ las cuales permanecen en el marsupio de la madre una media de 87,4 días y son totalmente independientes a los 120.[12]

Su dieta se compone de secreciones de los árboles y en menor medida de artrópodos.[1]

Referencias

  1. a b c d e Menkhorst, P. (2008). «Gymnobelideus leadbeateri». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2010.4 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235.
  2. Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World (en inglés) (3ª edición). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols. (2142 pp.). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.
  3. «Leadbeater's Possum». Department of Premier and Cabinet - Victoria. Archivado desde el original el 17 de marzo de 2012. Consultado el 23 de enero de 2012.
  4. a b c d Tyndale-Biscoe, C. H. (2005). Life of Marsupials (en inglés). Collingwood, Australia: Csiro Publishing. p. 202-205. ISBN 0-643-06257-2.
  5. a b c Lindmayer, David (1996). Wildlife & Woodchips (en inglés). Sidney, Australia: University of New South Wales. pp. 19-28. ISBN 0 86840 221 1 |isbn= incorrecto (ayuda).
  6. Matthews, L. Harrison (1977). La Vida de los Mamíferos. Tomo I. Barcelona, España: Ediciones Destino. p. 43. ISBN 84-233-0699-2.
  7. Strahan, R. (1990). «Marsupials». En Gould, E. y McKay, G., ed. Encyclopedia of Animals: Mammals (2ª edición). Gallery Books. p. 56. ISBN 97808317227888 |isbn= incorrecto (ayuda).
  8. a b c d e f g Nowak, R. M. (2005). Walker's Marsupials or the World. Baltimore, EE. UU.: The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 191-193. ISBN 0-8018-8222-2.
  9. a b Endangered Wildlife and Plants of the World. Vol. 8. Nueva York, EE. UU.: Marshall Cavendish Corporation. 2001. p. 1109-1110. ISBN 9180761472025 |isbn= incorrecto (ayuda).
  10. Brazenor, C. W. (1962). «Rediscovery of a rare Australian possum». Proc. Zool. Soc. London (en inglés) (Londres, Reino Unido) 139: 529.
  11. a b c d e Eckhart, R. (2002). «Gymnobelideus leadbeateri (On-line)» (en inglés). Animal Diversity Web. Consultado el 29 de enero de 2011.
  12. a b Haysen, Virginia, van Tienhoven, Ari y van Tienhoven, Ans (1993). Asdell's Patterns of Mammalian Reproduction, a Compendium of Species-Specific Data (en inglés). Nueva York, EE. UU.: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-1753-8.

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Gymnobelideus leadbeateri: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

El falangero de Leadbeater o del río Bass (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) es una especie de marsupial diprotodonto de la familia Petauridae. Es la única especie de su género, de la que no se reconocen subespecies​ y es endémico de Australia.​ Es el animal estatal de Victoria.​

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Gymnobelideus leadbeateri ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Gymnobelideus leadbeateri Gymnobelideus generoko animalia da. Martsupialen barruko Diprotodontia ordeneko animalia da. Petauridae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. McCoy (1867) 20 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 287. or..

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Gymnobelideus leadbeateri: Brief Summary ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Gymnobelideus leadbeateri Gymnobelideus generoko animalia da. Martsupialen barruko Diprotodontia ordeneko animalia da. Petauridae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Leadbeaterinpussiliito-orava ( Finlandês )

fornecido por wikipedia FI

Leadbeaterinpussiliito-orava (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) on harvinainen pussiliito-oravien heimoon kuuluva australialainen eläin, ja sukunsa Gymnobelideus ainoa laji. Sen uudeksi suomenkieliseksi nimeksi on ehdotettu liitopussiorava.[2]

Leadbeaterinpussiliito-oravalla on isot silmät ja korvat, pitkä pörröinen häntä ja pehmeä turkki. Se on harmaanruskea, selkää pitkin kulekee tummempi raita. Pään ja vartalon yhteispituus on noin 15 cm, häntä on 16-18 cm pitkä.[3]

Lajin luultiin kuolleen sukupuuttoon vuoden 1939 metsäpaloissa, mutta se löydettiin uudelleen 1961.[3]

Lähteet

  1. Woinarski, J. & Burbidge, A.A.: Gymnobelideus leadbeateri IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016.2. 2016. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 5.9.2016. (englanniksi)
  2. Nisäkäsnimistötoimikunnan ehdotus Luomus. Viitattu 5.12.2014.
  3. a b Leadbeater’s possum description ARKive. Viitattu 5.12.2014.
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Leadbeaterinpussiliito-orava: Brief Summary ( Finlandês )

fornecido por wikipedia FI

Leadbeaterinpussiliito-orava (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) on harvinainen pussiliito-oravien heimoon kuuluva australialainen eläin, ja sukunsa Gymnobelideus ainoa laji. Sen uudeksi suomenkieliseksi nimeksi on ehdotettu liitopussiorava.

Leadbeaterinpussiliito-oravalla on isot silmät ja korvat, pitkä pörröinen häntä ja pehmeä turkki. Se on harmaanruskea, selkää pitkin kulekee tummempi raita. Pään ja vartalon yhteispituus on noin 15 cm, häntä on 16-18 cm pitkä.

Lajin luultiin kuolleen sukupuuttoon vuoden 1939 metsäpaloissa, mutta se löydettiin uudelleen 1961.

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Gymnobelideus leadbeateri ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR
 src=
Coupes de bois dans les Central highlands de l’État de Victoria, à 50 km au Nord-est de Melbourne, où quelques spécimens de Gymnobelideus leadbeateri qu'on croyait disparu depuis 1900 ont été redécouverts en 1960[1]

Le phalanger de Leadbeater (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) est une espèce d'opossum de la famille des Petauridae endémique de l'Australie. C'est l'unique espèce du genre Gymnobelideus. Il doit son nom à l'ancien taxidermiste du musée d'histoire naturelle de l'État de Victoria, John Leadbeater.

Répartition et habitat

Cette espèce est endémique à une petite zone où l'on trouve encore de vieux Eucalyptus regnans dans les montagnes du centre de l'État de Victoria, en Australie, au nord-est de Melbourne.

Il est assez commun dans ses zones d'habitat mais comme il demande des réserves de nourriture pour toute l'année et des trous pour se réfugier dans la journée ceci limite fortement son expansion. La zone où l'on rencontre cet animal étant réduite à moins de 5 000 km2, morcelée et dégradée, l'espèce est déclarée en danger[2].

Notes et références

  1. Lindenmayer, D.B., Cunningham, R.B., Tanton, M.T. and A.P. Smith. (1990). The conservation of arboreal marsupials in the montane ash forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria, south-east Australia. II. The loss of trees with hollows and its implications for the conservation of Leadbeater's Possum Gymnobelideus leadbeateris McCoy (Marsupialia: Petauridae). Biological Conservation, 54, 133-145 (résumé) ; voir aussi base documentaire : Victorian Central Highlands Study Publications
  2. (en) Référence UICN : espèce Gymnobelideus leadbeateri McCoy, 1867

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Gymnobelideus leadbeateri: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR
 src= Coupes de bois dans les Central highlands de l’État de Victoria, à 50 km au Nord-est de Melbourne, où quelques spécimens de Gymnobelideus leadbeateri qu'on croyait disparu depuis 1900 ont été redécouverts en 1960

Le phalanger de Leadbeater (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) est une espèce d'opossum de la famille des Petauridae endémique de l'Australie. C'est l'unique espèce du genre Gymnobelideus. Il doit son nom à l'ancien taxidermiste du musée d'histoire naturelle de l'État de Victoria, John Leadbeater.

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Gymnobelideus leadbeateri ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Il possum di Leadbeater (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri McCoy, 1867), unica specie del genere Gymnobelideus McCoy, 1867, è un mammifero della famiglia dei Petauridi.

Descrizione

Il possum di Leadbeater appartiene alla famiglia dei Petauridi (marsupiali volanti), che hanno sviluppato uno stile di vita simile agli scoiattoli volanti. Invece di salire e scendere dagli alberi plana da uno all'altro usando dei lembi di carne tra le zampe anteriori e posteriori. Questa specie si differenzia dalle altre perché non ha una membrana di pelle che gli permetta di volare. Ha invece una lunga e folta coda, grossi occhi e orecchie, e una spessa e morbida pelliccia. Il suo mantello marrone-grigiastro ha una striscia scura lungo tutto il dorso fino alla testa. Presenta anche delle chiazze scure attorno alle orecchie e agli occhi e la sua coda a forma di mazza è più ampia in punta rispetto alla base. Misura 150–170 mm di lunghezza ed ha una coda di 150–180 mm; pesa 110-165 g.

Distribuzione e habitat

Il possum di Leadbeater ha precise esigenze in merito al suo habitat. Può sopravvivere solo nelle foreste di frassini rigenerate o di età mista in cui vi sono specie di eucalipto e vecchi frassini di montagna cavi.

Si credeva fosse estinto in seguito ai disastrosi incendi del 1939, ma ne sono stati trovati esemplari nel 1961 a Marysville vicino a Melbourne[3]. Oggi sappiamo che vive in un territorio di 3500 km² nella zona ovest delle Central Highlands a Victoria, a una altezza di 500–1500 m, mentre un altro piccolo gruppo si trova a est di Melbourne.

Biologia

Questa specie è notturna e monogama. La femmina è dominante e difende energicamente il suo territorio (1-3 ha) da altre femmine mature, persino dalle sue stesse figlie. Creano un unico nido, all'interno di una cavità di un albero, che può ospitare una colonia di due, al massimo dieci animali, tra cui la coppia, i loro piccoli e maschi adulti non imparentati.

I coinquilini condividono i lavori di pulizia e si riconoscono dall'odore. La riproduzione avviene tutto l'anno e la gestazione non dura più di 20 giorni. Dopo la nascita, il piccolo, non ancora del tutto formato, scivola all'interno del marsupio della madre dove viene protetto e nutrito col latte.

Vi rimane fino a quando è abbastanza grande da affrontare il mondo esterno. Le femmine sono svezzate a 10 mesi, mentre i maschi a 15 mesi. La dieta consiste essenzialmente in insetti e ragni che trova nei tronchi degli eucalipti.

Il possum effettua delle incisioni nel tronco dell'acacia con i suoi denti e si nutre del lattice di gomma che ne fuoriesce.

Status e conservazione

La Zoological Society of London, in base a criteri di unicità evolutiva e di esiguità della popolazione, considera Gymnobelideus leadbeateri una delle 100 specie di mammiferi a maggiore rischio di estinzione. La popolazione attuale è stimata attorno ai 50 individui. La minaccia peggiore per questi animali è la perdita dei frassini di montagna nei quali costruisce la propria tana, dovuta agli incendi e alla deforestazione.[4]

Simbologia

Dal 2 marzo 1971, il possum di Leadbeater è il mammifero emblema dello Stato australiano del Victoria[3][5].

Note

  1. ^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Gymnobelideus leadbeateri, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  2. ^ iucnredlist.org, http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/9564/0 Titolo mancante per url url (aiuto).
  3. ^ a b Gallery: Australia's animal emblems 2/8, in Australia Geographic. URL consultato il 17 gennaio 2017.
  4. ^ Con il possum di Leadbeater Photo Ark a quota 7000, in National Geographic. URL consultato il 18 settembre 2017 (archiviato dall'url originale il 18 settembre 2017).
  5. ^ (EN) Animal Emblem: Leadbeater's Possum, in Victoria State Government. URL consultato il 17 gennaio 2017.

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Gymnobelideus leadbeateri: Brief Summary ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Il possum di Leadbeater (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri McCoy, 1867), unica specie del genere Gymnobelideus McCoy, 1867, è un mammifero della famiglia dei Petauridi.

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Buideleekhoorn ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

De buideleekhoorn (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) is een klimbuideldier uit de familie der buideleekhoorns (Petauridae). Het is de enige soort van het geslacht Gymnobelideus, dat het nauwst verwant is aan de suikereekhoorns (Petaurus).

Kenmerken

Deze soort is van boven olijfgrijs, van onder vuilwit. Over de rug, van de neus tot de staart, loopt een donkere streep. De wangen en de keel, die beide de kleur van de onderkant hebben, worden gescheiden door een andere donkere streep. De staart is dik en behaard. De kop-romplengte bedraagt 150 tot 170 mm, de staartlengte 150 tot 180 mm en het gewicht 100 tot 160 g.

Leefwijze

Deze soort is 's nachts actief en leeft in bomen. De buideleekhoorn bouwt een nest in een boomholte. Geschikte nestholtes bevinden zich over het algemeen in bomen van meer dan 120 jaar oud. Het dier eet geleedpotigen en acaciasap. In de winter en de lente worden de jongen geboren (meestal twee per worp).

Verspreiding

Deze soort komt voor ten noordoosten van Melbourne (Victoria) in eucalyptusbossen.

Status

De buideleekhoorn is een ernstig bedreigde diersoort (kritiek). De soort werd niet gezien tussen 1909 en 1961 en momenteel bevindt driekwart van zijn leefgebied in bossen die bedoeld zijn voor houtproductie. Slechts drie procent van het leefgebied van de buideleekhoorn ligt in natuurreservaten.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  • Groves, C.P. 2005. Order Diprotodontia. Pp. 43-70 in Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, Vol. 1: pp. i-xxxv+1-743; Vol. 2: pp. i-xvii+745-2142. ISBN 0 8018 8221 4
  • Menkhorst, P. & Knight, F. 2001. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press, x+269 pp. ISBN 0 19 550870 X
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Buideleekhoorn: Brief Summary ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

De buideleekhoorn (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) is een klimbuideldier uit de familie der buideleekhoorns (Petauridae). Het is de enige soort van het geslacht Gymnobelideus, dat het nauwst verwant is aan de suikereekhoorns (Petaurus).

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Gymnobelideus leadbeateri ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

Gymnobelideus leadbeateri é uma espécie de marsupial da família Petauridae. É a única espécie do gênero Gymnobelideus. Endêmica da Austrália.

Referências

  • GROVES, C. P. Order Diprotodontia. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 1, p. 43-70.
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Gymnobelideus leadbeateri: Brief Summary ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

Gymnobelideus leadbeateri é uma espécie de marsupial da família Petauridae. É a única espécie do gênero Gymnobelideus. Endêmica da Austrália.

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Vakoveverica bezblaná ( Eslovaco )

fornecido por wikipedia SK
 src=
Vakoveverica bezblaná

Vakoveverica bezblaná (lat. Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) je ohrozený vačkovec.

Základné dáta

  • dĺžka: 15 - 17 cm
  • hmotnosť: 100 - 175 g

Zaujímavosti

Bola znovuobjavená roku 1961 po 52 rokoch predpokladaného vyhynutia.

Iné projekty

Ei1.jpg Tento článok týkajúci sa živočíchov je zatiaľ „výhonok“. Pomôž Wikipédii tým, že ho doplníš a rozšíriš.
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Vakoveverica bezblaná: Brief Summary ( Eslovaco )

fornecido por wikipedia SK
 src= Vakoveverica bezblaná

Vakoveverica bezblaná (lat. Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) je ohrozený vačkovec.

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Leadbeaters falanger ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV

Leadbeaters falanger (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) är ett pungdjur som tillhör familjen flygpungekorrar. Trots släktskapet saknar den flygförmåga. Djuret påminner mer om vanliga ekorrar.[2]

Djurets namn syftar på John Leadbeater, en biolog som sysslade med taxonomi vid Museum of Victoria.[3]

Utbredning

Arten förekommer i ett mindre 3 500 km² stort området i östra delen av den australiska delstaten Victoria.[1]

Utseende

 src=
Teckning av John Wild.

Pälsen är på ovansidan gråbrun och har en svart längsgående strimma, undersidan är ljusare till gulaktig. Ytterligare två strimmor finns i ansiktet från ögonen till öronen. Djuret når en kroppslängd mellan 15 och 17 centimeter samt en vikt mellan 120 och 165 gram. Därtill kommer en yvig svans på omkring 20 centimeters längd som inte är en gripsvans.[2] Arten har korta klor vid varje tå och honans pung (marsupium) är väl utvecklad.[2]

Ekologi

Leadbeaters falanger är aktiv på natten och lever i träd. Habitatet utgörs av kyliga fuktiga skogar upp till 1 500 meter över havet.[4] Bon där de föder ungar byggs ofta i eukalyptusträd med håligheter och ligger vanligen 10 till 30 meter över marken.[2]

Individerna lever i små grupper som vanligen består av en vuxen hona, en till tre hannar och deras ungar. Varje grupp har ett revir som är en till två hektar stort. Hos Leadbeaters falanger är honor det dominanta könet, alfahonan försvarar territoriet mot andra honor och parar sig bara med en av de könsmogna hannarna. Hannar är mindre aggressiva mot artfränder av samma kön.[2]

Föda

Födan utgörs främst av insekter och trädens vätskor. De äter bland annat skalbaggar, spindlar och andra leddjur men gnager även på akacieträdens bark för att komma åt bastskiktet och kåda.[4]

Fortplantning

Med undantag av de hetaste sommarmånaderna (januari, februari) kan honor para sig hela året. Dräktigheten är med 15 till 17 dagar ganska kortvarig (även för pungdjur). Per kull föds vanligen ett eller två ungdjur.[2] Efter födelsen lever ungarna tre månader i pungen. Sedan stannar de 5 till 40 dagar i gruppens bo och deltar i utflykter. Efter 10 till 15 månader sluter honan att ge di och efter cirka två år är ungarna könsmogna.[2] Livslängden i naturen kan vara 7,5 år och med människans vård upp till 9 år.[2]

Leadbeaters falanger och människor

Arten upptäcktes för första gången under 1800-talet nära Melbourne. Efter 1909 registrerades en längre tid inga iakttagelser och därför antogs att djuret är utdött men 1961 upptäcktes arten igen.[4]

På grund av arten krav på eukalyptusträd med håligheter är de känsliga för människans inverkning. Flera träd röjs eller förstörs under skogsbränder. Dessutom tar det 150 år innan ett nytt eukalyptusträd är tillräckligt stort.

Enligt uppskattningar finns bara 5000 individer kvar och det befaras att beståndet minskar ytterligare. IUCN listar arten som starkt hotad (endangered).[1]

Referenser

Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från tyskspråkiga Wikipedia, 6 juli 2009.

Noter

  1. ^ [a b c] Gymnobelideus leadbeateriIUCN:s rödlista, auktor: Menkhorst, P. 2008, besökt 6 juli 2009.
  2. ^ [a b c d e f g h] Nowak. R. M. (1999) sid.140/42 Google books
  3. ^ Hackett, Des (2006). Peter Preuss (utgivare) Leadbeater's Possum: Bred To Be Wild. Trafford Publishing. ISBN 1-4120-8382-6.
  4. ^ [a b c] Jordens djur (1984) s. 128-133

Tryckta källor

  • Macdonald, David W. (red.), (1984) Jordens Djur 5: Pungdjuren, fladdermössen, insektätarna m.fl.. Stockholm: Bonnier Fakta. s. 130, ISBN 91-34-50357-9
  • Ronald M. Nowak: Walker’s Mammals of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore/London 1999.

Externa länkar

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Leadbeaters falanger: Brief Summary ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV

Leadbeaters falanger (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) är ett pungdjur som tillhör familjen flygpungekorrar. Trots släktskapet saknar den flygförmåga. Djuret påminner mer om vanliga ekorrar.

Djurets namn syftar på John Leadbeater, en biolog som sysslade med taxonomi vid Museum of Victoria.

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wikipedia SV

Білячий кускус ( Ucraniano )

fornecido por wikipedia UK

Розповсюдження

Вперше відкрито було цей вид у 1867 році Д.Ледбітера, токсидермістом Музею штату Вікторія. Після цього білячі кускуси людям не зустрічалися. Їх вважали вимерлими. 3 квітня 1961 року натураліст Е.Вілкинсон знову зустрів поссума Ледбітера, а 1965 році невеличку популяцію цих тварин виявили на півдні Австралії — в районі Рарісвіля. Сьогодні відомо, що білячий кускус мешкає на південному сході штату Вікторія в округах Мерісвіль, нарбетонг, Хелесвіль.

Опис

Довжина тулуба — 10-14 см, хвоста — 16 см, вага — 90-135 грамів. Хутро на спині сіре або сіре буро з чорною смугою по середині, черево — має жовтий відтінок. Позаду вух та очей чорні плями.

Спосіб життя

Активні вночі. Харчуються комахами та нектаром квітів. Вдень відпочивають у дуплах. Живуть на деревах у гірських районах. Утворюють колонії до 24 осіб. дупло роблять до 6-30 метрів над землею. Одна колонія має власну територію у розмірі 10-20 тисяч квадратних кілометрів. Головною у колонії є найстарша самиця.

Статевої зрілості досягає у 14 місяців. Вагітність триває до 20 днів. Народжуються у травні-червні або жовтні-листопаді. За 1 раз народжується до 2 дитинчат. У сумці вони знаходяться від 80 до 90 днів.

Максимальний вік — 27 місяців в природному середовищі, а у неволі — 10 років.

Джерела

  • Groves, C. (2005). Wilson, D. E., & Reeder, D. M, eds. ed. Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 54. OCLC 62265494. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
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Gymnobelideus leadbeateri ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Gymnobelideus leadbeateri là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Petauridae, bộ Hai răng cửa. Loài này được McCoy mô tả năm 1867.[2] Chúng là một Phalangeriformes có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng chủ yếu bị giới hạn trong các túi nhỏ của tro núi cao, tro núi rừng và rừng cao su tuyết ở Tây Nguyên Victoria, phía đông bắc Melbourne. Nó là nguyên thủy, còn sót lại, và không lượn, và, là loài duy nhất trong chi petaurid Gymnobelideus, đại diện cho một tổ tiên. Trước đây, Gymnobelideus leadbeateri khá phổ biến ở những khu vực rất nhỏ mà chúng sinh sống; Yêu cầu cung cấp thực phẩm quanh năm và các lỗ cây để trú ẩn trong ngày hạn chế chúng vào rừng già sclerophyll ướt với một tầng giữa dày đặc giữa cây keo. Loài này được đặt tên theo John Leadbeater, người nhồi thú bông tại Bảo tàng Victoria[3]. Vào ngày 2 tháng 3 năm 1971, bang Victoria đã chọn loài này làm biểu tượng động vật của mình[4].

Lịch sử

Loài này được cho là đã tiến hóa khoảng 20 triệu năm trước[5]. Chúng không được phát hiện cho đến năm 1867 và ban đầu chỉ được biết đến qua năm mẫu vật, mẫu cuối cùng được thu thập năm 1909[6]. Từ đó, nỗi lo sợ rằng nó có thể đã tuyệt chủng dần dần tăng lên gần như chắc chắn sau khi các đầm lầy và vùng đất ngập nước ở Úc xung quanh sông Bassở phía tây nam Gippsland đã được tưới tiêu canh tác vào đầu những năm 1900[7].

Vào thời điểm hỏa hoạn thứ sáu đen tối 1939, loài này được coi là tuyệt chủng[4]. Sau đó, vào ngày 3 tháng 4 năm 1961, một thành viên của Loài đã được tái khám phá bởi nhà tự nhiên học Eric Wilkinson trong các khu rừng gần Cambarville, và mẫu vật đầu tiên trong hơn 50 năm đã bị bắt sau đó trong tháng[8]. Năm 1961, một quần thể đã được phát hiện gần Marysville.[9] Các cuộc tìm kiếm mở rộng kể từ đó đã tìm thấy dân số hiện có ở vùng cao nguyên. Tuy nhiên, sự sẵn có của môi trường sống thích hợp là rất quan trọng: rừng không phải là quá già và cũng không quá trẻ, với các nỗ lực bảo tồn cho loài thú này liên quan đến bảo vệ cây già, và duy trì cây trẻ có lỗ rỗng[10].

Sự kết hợp của cây trồng lại 40 năm tuổi (làm thực phẩm) và cây chết to vẫn còn đứng sau vụ cháy (để trú ẩn và làm tổ) cho phép dân số của loài thú này mở rộng lên khoảng 7500 vào đầu những năm 1980[11]. Từ đỉnh cao của nó vào những năm 1980, dân số của loài thú này dự kiến sẽ tiếp tục suy giảm nhanh chóng, đến 90%[1], do tắc nghẽn môi trường sống. Số lượng giảm nhanh chosnh từ năm 1996.[7] Đặc biệt, vụ cháy rùng ngày thứ bảy đen tối 2009 đã giết chết 43% loài thú này ở Cao nguyên Trung bộ Úc (Central Highlands), đã làm giảm số lượng của chúng xuống còn 1500 cá thể[4]. Một nghiên cứu vào năm 2014 kết luận rằng có 92% cơ hội hệ sinh thái của loài thú này ở vùng cao nguyên Victoria sẽ sụp đổ trong vòng 50 năm[12].

Môi trường sống

Loài này hiếm khi được nhìn thấy khi chúng hoạt động về đêm, di chuyển nhanh và chiếm phần trên của một số cây rừng cao nhất trên thế giới[1]. Họ có chiều dài cơ thể trung bình là 33 & nbsp; cm (13 inch) tính cả đuôi[13]. Chúng sinh sống trong các quần thể gia đình lên đến 12 cá thể[6], gồm cả một cặp sinh sản. Mùa sinh sản diễn ra chỉ một lần một năm, mỗi cặp chỉ sinh tối đa hai con một năm[13]. Tất cả các thành viên ngủ cùng nhau trong một tổ làm bằng vỏ cây vụn trong một cái rỗng cây, bất cứ nơi nào từ 6 đến 30 mét trên mặt đất và khoảng ở trung tâm của một lãnh thổ 3 ha, mà họ bảo vệ tích cực. Xã hội của loài thú này mẫu hệ: Mỗi nhóm được thống trị bởi một con cái đầu đàn tích cực để trục xuất những người bên ngoài[6]. Các con cái vị thành niên khác đã được nuôi dưỡng trước khi chúng đến tuổi thành thục giới tính[14]. Ngoài ra, con cái có tính hung hăng hơn trong tự nhiên, thường tham gia vào các cuộc chiến thường xuyên với những con cái khác, kể cả con cái của chúng. Do các cuộc tấn công liên tục, các con cái trẻ bị buộc phải bỏ đi sớm hơn nhiều so với anh em trai, dẫn đến tỉ lệ nam và nữ rất cao là [14].

Những cá thể sống đơn độc gặp khó khăn khi sống sót: khi những con mới lớn tách đàn vào khoảng 15 tháng tuổi, chúng có xu hướng tham gia vào một thuộc địa khác như là một thành viên siêu trường, hoặc tập hợp lại thành các nhóm cử nhân trong khi chờ đợi để tìm một người bạn đời.

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ a ă â Menkhorst, P. (2008). Gymnobelideus leadbeateri. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2013.2. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế. Truy cập ngày 3 tháng 4 năm 2014. Database entry includes justification for why this species is listed as endangered
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Gymnobelideus leadbeateri”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. ^ Hackett, Des (2006). Peter Preuss, biên tập. Leadbeater's Possum: Bred To Be Wild. Trafford Publishing. tr. 203. ISBN 1-4120-8382-6.
  4. ^ a ă â Milman, Oliver: "Government-backed logging 'pushing rare possum towards extinction" in The Guardian 27 May 2013
  5. ^ “How to save a forest fairy from extinction”. The Wilderness Society. 27 tháng 5 năm 2014. Truy cập ngày 22 tháng 11 năm 2014.
  6. ^ a ă â “Facts about Leadbeater's Possum”. Help save Leadbearer's Possum. Friends of Leadbeater’s Possum Inc. Truy cập ngày 26 tháng 9 năm 2013.
  7. ^ a ă Weekes, Peter (5 tháng 8 năm 2007). “State's emblem nearly extinct”. The Sunday Age (Melbourne). tr. 1.
  8. ^ Lindenmayer, David: Wildlife + Woodchips: Leadbeater's Possum— A Test Case for Sustainable Forestry, University of New South Wales Press, 1996, p28
  9. ^ Anonymous, Anonymous (20 tháng 9 năm 2011). “Leadbeater's Possum”. Herald Sun.
  10. ^ Macfarlane MA, Smith J, Lowe K (1998). Leadbeater’s Possum Recovery Plan, 1998–2002. Melbourne: Department of Natural Resources and Environment.
  11. ^ Australian Government, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities: "Leadbeater's Possum", retrieved 30 August 2013
  12. ^ “Leadbeater’s possum habitat ‘almost certain to collapse’ due to logging, fires”. Guardian. 7 tháng 11 năm 2014. Truy cập ngày 7 tháng 11 năm 2014.
  13. ^ a ă “Leadbeater's Possum”. Leadbeater's Possum. Friends of the Helmeted Honeyeater inc. Truy cập ngày 25 tháng 9 năm 2013.
  14. ^ a ă “Leadbeater's Possum”. Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Truy cập ngày 25 tháng 9 năm 2013.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến động vật có vú này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Gymnobelideus leadbeateri: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Gymnobelideus leadbeateri là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Petauridae, bộ Hai răng cửa. Loài này được McCoy mô tả năm 1867. Chúng là một Phalangeriformes có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng chủ yếu bị giới hạn trong các túi nhỏ của tro núi cao, tro núi rừng và rừng cao su tuyết ở Tây Nguyên Victoria, phía đông bắc Melbourne. Nó là nguyên thủy, còn sót lại, và không lượn, và, là loài duy nhất trong chi petaurid Gymnobelideus, đại diện cho một tổ tiên. Trước đây, Gymnobelideus leadbeateri khá phổ biến ở những khu vực rất nhỏ mà chúng sinh sống; Yêu cầu cung cấp thực phẩm quanh năm và các lỗ cây để trú ẩn trong ngày hạn chế chúng vào rừng già sclerophyll ướt với một tầng giữa dày đặc giữa cây keo. Loài này được đặt tên theo John Leadbeater, người nhồi thú bông tại Bảo tàng Victoria. Vào ngày 2 tháng 3 năm 1971, bang Victoria đã chọn loài này làm biểu tượng động vật của mình.

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Беличий кускус ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Звери
Инфракласс: Сумчатые
Подотряд: Phalangeriformes
Надсемейство: Petauroidea
Семейство: Сумчатые летяги
Род: Беличьи кускусы (Gymnobelideus McCoy, 1867)
Вид: Беличий кускус
Международное научное название

Gymnobelideus leadbeateri McCoy, 1867

Ареал

изображение

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Систематика
на Викивидах
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Изображения
на Викискладе
ITIS 609838NCBI 38618EOL 323822

Беличий кускус[1], или беличий поссум[1][2], или поссум Ледбитера[1] (лат. Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) — единственный вид из рода беличих кускусов семейства Сумчатые летяги. Эндемик Австралии. Видовой эпитет дан в честь британского натуралиста Бенджамина Ледбитера (англ.)русск. (1760—1837).

Распространение

Обитает в юго-восточной части австралийского штата Виктория на территории площадью 3500 км², являясь одним из самых изолированных видов сумчатых животных[3]. Длительное время считался вымершим видом. Однако в 1961 году учёным удалось найти небольшую популяцию этого животного[4].

Беличьи кускусы — обитатели густых лесов[4]. Встречаются на высоте от 500 до 1500 м[3].

Внешний вид

Размеры мелкие. Длина тела составляет около 140 мм, хвоста — 160 мм. Размеры особей разного пола не отличаются[4]. Средний вес взрослой особи составляет около 135 г[3].

Уши средние, треугольные, широкие, голые. Пальцы с расширенными подушечками и небольшими когтями. Кончик хвоста, который служит для баланса тела, покрыт удлинёнными волосами. Волосяной покров на спине серый или серо-бурый с чёрной срединной полосой и тёмными пятнами перед и позади глаза и позади уха. Брюхо покрыто мехом жёлтого оттенка[4].

Образ жизни

Ведут древесный образ жизни. Обитают в дуплах умерших деревьев[3]. Активность приходится на ночь. Питаются преимущественно насекомыми, иногда нектаром[4].

Размножение

Моногамны. Сумка развита хорошо. Количество сосков 4[4]. Период беременности очень короткий (не более 20 дней). Детёныши рождаются крайне беспомощными, поэтому после рождения в течение около 85 дней остаются в сумке матери. На третий месяц жизни выходят из сумки. Половая зрелость наступает на втором году жизни[3].

Примечания

  1. 1 2 3 Соколов В. Е. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Млекопитающие. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1984. — С. 20. — 10 000 экз.
  2. Фишер Д., Саймон Н., Винсент Д. Красная книга. Дикая природа в опасности / пер. с англ., под ред. А. Г. Банникова. — М.: Прогресс, 1976. — С. 32—36. — 478 с.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Gymnobelideus leadbeateri (англ.). Animal Diversity Web. Проверено 23 декабря 2010. Архивировано 8 июля 2012 года.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Соколов В.Е. Систематика млекопитающих. Учеб. пособие для университетов. — Высшая школа. — М., 1973. — С. 85-86. — 432 с.
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Беличий кускус: Brief Summary ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию

Беличий кускус, или беличий поссум, или поссум Ледбитера (лат. Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) — единственный вид из рода беличих кускусов семейства Сумчатые летяги. Эндемик Австралии. Видовой эпитет дан в честь британского натуралиста Бенджамина Ледбитера (англ.)русск. (1760—1837).

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利氏袋鼯 ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Gymnobelideus leadbeateri
McCoy, 1867

利氏袋鼯学名Gymnobelideus leadbeateri)是利氏袋鼯屬Gymnobelideus)的唯一物种,屬於哺乳綱有袋类双门齿目袋鼯科

與利氏袋鼯同科的姐妹类群動物尚有袋鼯屬紋袋貂屬等數種物种。

参考文献

 src= 维基物种中的分类信息:利氏袋鼯属  src= 维基物种中的分类信息:利氏袋鼯  src= 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:利氏袋鼯属  src= 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:利氏袋鼯 小作品圖示这是一篇與有袋類相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。
 title=
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利氏袋鼯: Brief Summary ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科

利氏袋鼯(学名:Gymnobelideus leadbeateri)是利氏袋鼯屬(Gymnobelideus)的唯一物种,屬於哺乳綱有袋类双门齿目袋鼯科

與利氏袋鼯同科的姐妹类群動物尚有袋鼯屬紋袋貂屬等數種物种。

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フクロモモンガダマシ ( Japonês )

fornecido por wikipedia 日本語
フクロモモンガダマシ フクロモモンガダマシ
フクロモモンガダマシ Gymnobelideus leadbeateri
保全状況評価[a 1] CRITICALLY ENDANGERED
(IUCN Red List Ver.3.1 (2001))
Status iucn3.1 CR.svg 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 哺乳綱 Mammalia : 二門歯目 Diprotodontia : フクロモモンガ科 Petauridae : フクロモモンガダマシ属
Gymnobelideus McCoy, 1867 : フクロモモンガダマシ
G. leadbeateri 学名 Gymnobelideus leadbeateri
McCoy, 1867 和名 フクロモモンガダマシ 英名 Fairy possum
Leadbeater's possum

フクロモモンガダマシGymnobelideus leadbeateri)は、哺乳綱二門歯目フクロモモンガ科フクロモモンガダマシ属に分類される哺乳類。本種のみでフクロモモンガダマシ属を構成する。

分布[編集]

オーストラリアビクトリア州[1]固有種

形態[編集]

体長15-17センチメートル[1]。尾長14.5-18センチメートル[1]体重100-170グラム[1]。尾は基部よりも先端のほうが太い[1]。全身は毛衣は灰色で、正中線に沿って黒い縦縞が入る[1]

四肢の間には飛膜がない[1]。乳頭の数は4個[1]

生態[編集]

主に高地にある湿度の高いマウンテン・アッシュEucalypus regnansからなるユーカリ林に生息する。夜行性で、昼間は樹洞の中で休む[1]。単独もしくはペアで1-1.5ヘクタールの縄張りを形成し、縄張りと巣穴を共有する。一方で最大3頭のオスと1頭のメスからなる婚姻関係のない小規模な群れを形成する事もある。外敵としてはフクロウ類が挙げられる[1]

食性は雑食で、昆虫およびその分泌物、樹液花粉果実などを食べる[1]

繁殖形態は胎生。婚姻形態は一夫一妻で、ペア同士は尾の基部に唾液をつけてにおいづけを行う。妊娠期間は約16日と推定されている[1]。春季や秋季に1-2頭の幼獣を産む[1]。幼獣は生後80-93日は育児嚢の中で過ごす[1]。オスは生後15か月、メスは生後10か月で性成熟する[1]

人間との関係[編集]

1867年に2頭、1907年に3頭の発見例しかなく、1930年代には絶滅したと考えられていた[1]1961年に再発見され、その後の調査により300か所で発見された[1]

開発や1939年に発生した大規模な山火事による生息地の破壊により生息数の減少が懸念されている。

参考文献[編集]

[ヘルプ]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q 小原秀雄、浦本昌紀、太田英利、松井正文編著 『動物世界遺産 レッド・データ・アニマルズ7 オーストラリア、ニューギニア』、講談社2000年、25、149-150頁。
  • 今泉吉典監修 D.W.マクドナルド編 『動物大百科6 有袋類ほか』、平凡社1986年、132-134、136-137、175頁。

関連項目[編集]

 src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、フクロモモンガダマシに関連するメディアがあります。  src= ウィキスピーシーズにフクロモモンガダマシに関する情報があります。

外部リンク[編集]

  1. ^ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
執筆の途中です この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますPortal:生き物と自然プロジェクト:生物)。
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フクロモモンガダマシ: Brief Summary ( Japonês )

fornecido por wikipedia 日本語

フクロモモンガダマシ(Gymnobelideus leadbeateri)は、哺乳綱二門歯目フクロモモンガ科フクロモモンガダマシ属に分類される哺乳類。本種のみでフクロモモンガダマシ属を構成する。

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리드비터주머니쥐 ( Coreano )

fornecido por wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

리드버터주머니쥐(Leadbeater's possum, 학명: Gymnobelideus leadbeateri)은 주머니하늘다람쥐과에 속하는 유대류의 일종으로 멸종위급종이다. 주로 오스트레일리아 빅토리아주 중부 고지, 멜버른 북동부의 유칼립투스(E. delegatensis, E. regnans, E. pauciflora) 숲의 작은 골짜기에서 제한적으로 서식한다.[3] 환경 변화로 한정된 지역에만 살아 남은 원시 잔존 동물로 활강을 못하는 주머니하늘다람쥐류이다. 리드비터주머니쥐속(Gymnobelideus)의 유일종으로 조상의 원시적인 형태를 보여주고 있다.

각주

  1. Groves, C.P. (2005). 〈Order Diprotodontia〉 [캥거루목]. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 54쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. Menkhorst, P. (2008). Gymnobelideus leadbeateri. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2013.2판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2014년 4월 3일에 확인함. Database entry includes justification for why this species is listed as endangered
  3. Leadbeater's Possum Recovey Plan, 1997
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리드비터주머니쥐: Brief Summary ( Coreano )

fornecido por wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

리드버터주머니쥐(Leadbeater's possum, 학명: Gymnobelideus leadbeateri)은 주머니하늘다람쥐과에 속하는 유대류의 일종으로 멸종위급종이다. 주로 오스트레일리아 빅토리아주 중부 고지, 멜버른 북동부의 유칼립투스(E. delegatensis, E. regnans, E. pauciflora) 숲의 작은 골짜기에서 제한적으로 서식한다. 환경 변화로 한정된 지역에만 살아 남은 원시 잔존 동물로 활강을 못하는 주머니하늘다람쥐류이다. 리드비터주머니쥐속(Gymnobelideus)의 유일종으로 조상의 원시적인 형태를 보여주고 있다.

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