There are no known negative affects of Planigale ingrami on humans.
Long-tailed planigales use their small stature and flat skull to their advantage, they conceal themselves in cracks in soil, leaf litter, and other small crevices to hide and escape from predators. The brownish color of their fur helps them blend in with their surroundings, making it harder for predators to spot them. Common predators are larger animals such as cane toads (Rhinella marina), domestic cats (Felis silvestris), and various types of snakes.
Known Predators:
Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic
Long-tailed planigales are the smallest living marsupials. Long-tailed planigales weigh 4.2 to 4.3 grams and are 55 to 65 mm in length. Long-tailed planigales are mouse-like marsupials with flat heads and pointed muzzles. Their fur is grey-brown with yellow hues and their bellies are lighter in color. They have long bare tails which make up just under half of their total length. The central pads on their feet are smooth and not serrated. Their hind limbs are bigger than their front limbs, allowing them to lean back or stand in a semi-crouched position. There is no sexual dimorphism in long-tailed planigales.
Average mass: 4.3 g.
Range length: 55 to 65 mm.
Average length: 59 mm.
Average basal metabolic rate: 0.0650 cm3.O2/g/hr.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike
Long-tailed planigales live for up to 1.3 years in the wild.
Average lifespan
Status: wild: 1.3 years.
Long-tailed planigales live in a variety of habitats. They are commonly found in clay soil woodlands, black soil plains, and the grasslands of Australia’s "Top End", which are seasonally flooded during the monsoon from December to the end of March. The grasslands in that region develop dry, deep cracks in the soil during the eight-month dry season. Long-tailed planigales use these cracks to hide from predators and hunt for invertebrates and other small animals. They will also hide under tussocks of grass.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland ; forest
Planigale ingrami, long-tailed planigale, is found in northern Australia in the northeastern part of the Northern Territory, Mackay and Townsville in Queensland, and south to Brunette Downs.
Biogeographic Regions: australian (Native )
Long-tailed planigales feed on many invertebrates that are often close to their same size, including insect larvae, and small vertebrates such as Leggadina. They are aggressive predators, pouncing on and often biting their prey multiple times to kill it. They hunt at night and their main diet consists of grasshoppers and crickets. They have been observed eating only the meaty part of the insects, leaving the head and wings. Because of their flat head and small body shape, long-tailed planigales can easily reach into the hiding spots of their prey, which hide in the same cracked soil and leaf litter that the planigales do.
Animal Foods: mammals; reptiles; insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods
Primary Diet: carnivore (Eats terrestrial vertebrates, Insectivore , Eats non-insect arthropods)
Long-tailed planigales may help to control populations of the small animals that they prey on.
Long-tailed planigales are important members of their native ecosystems.
There are three recognized sub-species: Planigale ingrami ingrami, Planigale ingrami brunnea, and Planigale ingrami subtilissima, little planigales.
Neither P. i. ingrami nor P. i. brunnea are endangered, but P. i. subtilissima are on the U.S. Federal list as endangered.
US Federal List: endangered
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
Long-tailed planigales are likely to use chemical and auditory cues, like most mammals. However, there is little information on communication in planigales in the literature.
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Other common names for Planigale ingrami are northern planigales, Ingram's planigales, and flat-headed planigales.
Males and females have multiple mates.
Mating System: polygynandrous (promiscuous)
Little is known about reproduction in long-tailed planigales. They breed year round, but mostly during the wet season. Populations living in different parts of Australia typically give birth during different parts of the year. They give birth to 4 to 8 young per litter in the northern part of their range and up to 12 per litter in the southern part of their range. Young are nursed for up to 90 days, the first 6 weeks of which is spent in the mother's pouch. After weaning long-tailed planigales are independent.
Breeding interval: Breeding intervals in long-tailed planigales are unknown.
Breeding season: Long-tailed planigales living in the Northern Territories give birth December to March. Long-tailed planigales living in Queensland give birth in September.
Range number of offspring: 4 to 12.
Average weaning age: 90 days.
Average time to independence: 3 months.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous
Like all marsupials, Planigale ingrami give birth to underdeveloped young. The young spend six weeks in their mother's pouch, after which they spend six weeks hidden in in a grassy nest or under bark while their mother searches for food.
Parental Investment: pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)
El ratolí marsupial d'Ingram (Planigale ingrami) és el marsupial més petit de tots i un dels mamífers més petits.[1] És difícil de veure'l, però és bastant comú a les planes, les zones boscoses de terres argiloses i els herbassars estacionalment inundats del Top End d'Austràlia.
El ratolí marsupial d'Ingram (Planigale ingrami) és el marsupial més petit de tots i un dels mamífers més petits. És difícil de veure'l, però és bastant comú a les planes, les zones boscoses de terres argiloses i els herbassars estacionalment inundats del Top End d'Austràlia.
Die Nördliche Flachkopfbeutelmaus (Planigale ingrami), auch Langschwanz-Flachkopf-Beutelmaus genannt, ist ein sehr kleiner Vertreter aus der Familie der Raubbeutler. Sie kommt im Landesinneren des nördlichen Australien vor.[1]
Die Nördliche Flachkopfbeutelmaus hat eine Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von 5 bis 7,1 cm, einen 5,1 bis 6,8 cm langen Schwanz und wiegt 2,6 bis 6,6 g. Sie ist damit das kleinste Beuteltier und eines der kleinsten Säugetiere. Der Kopf ist stark abgeflacht und keilförmig. Der Schwanz ist dünn und meist etwas länger als Kopf und Rumpf zusammen. Rumpf und Hinterbeine der Tiere sind äußerst flexibel und ermöglichen ihnen durch engste Spalten zu schlüpfen. Die Nördliche Flachkopf-Beutelmaus ist der Südlichen Flachkopfbeutelmaus (Planigale tenuirostris) zum Verwechseln ähnlich, ist aber deutlich leichter als diese (Durchschnittsgewicht 4,6 g vs. 5,5 g). Ihr Kopf ist mehr abgeflacht, die Schnauze ist breiter und Schneidezähne und Prämolaren sind kleiner als bei ihrer Verwandten. Die Tiere haben je drei Prämolaren auf jeder Seite von Ober- und Unterkiefer.[1]
Die Nördliche Flachkopfbeutelmaus lebt in schmalen Spalten in den trockenen Lehmböden der nordaustralischen Ebenen. Diese dienen hin und wieder als Überflutungsflächen für die nordaustralischen Flüsse und sind mit Tussockgras, Fuchsschwanzgewächsen, verschiedenen Kräutern, dem Knöterichgewächs Muehlenbeckia florulenta und dem Gänsefußgewächs Chenopodium auricomum (Queensland bluebush) spärlich bewachsen. In regelmäßig überfluteten Bereichen wächst auch Eucalyptus coolabah. In ihrem Lebensraum ist die Nördliche Flachkopfbeutelmaus der am häufigsten vorkommende Kleinsäuger.[1]
Die Nördliche Flachkopfbeutelmaus ist nachtaktiv, nach besonders kalten Nächten wird die Aktivitätszeit jedoch in die frühen Morgenstunden verlegt. An sehr kalten Tagen können sie in einen Torpor fallen und den Stoffwechsel- und Energieumsatz stark absenken. Die Tiere ernähren sich von Spinnen, Grashüpfern, anderen Insekten, deren Larven, kleinen Echsen und jungen Kleinsäugern. Bevorzugte Beute scheinen große Hundertfüßer zu sein, die auch überwältigt werden, wenn sie die mehrfache Länge der Nördlichen Flachkopfbeutelmaus haben.[1]
Weibchen der Nördlichen Flachkopfbeutelmaus haben einen nach hinten offenen Beutel mit 8 bis 12 Zitzen und gebären pro Wurf 4 bis 8 Jungtiere. Sie bekommen das ganze Jahr über Jungtiere, die meisten Weibchen mit Jungtieren im Beutel wurden von September bis Dezember beobachtet. Die Jungtiere verlassen den Beutel, wenn sie etwa 6 Wochen alt sind, und verbringen den Rest der Zeit bis zur Selbständigkeit in einem aus Gräsern gebauten Nest im Falllaub oder in Tussockgrasbüscheln.[1]
Die IUCN stuft die Nördliche Flachkopfbeutelmaus aufgrund ihres großen Verbreitungsgebietes und ihrer Häufigkeit als ungefährdet (Least Concern) ein. Der Bestand fluktuiert abhängig von der Häufigkeit der Regenfälle.[2]
Die Nördliche Flachkopfbeutelmaus (Planigale ingrami), auch Langschwanz-Flachkopf-Beutelmaus genannt, ist ein sehr kleiner Vertreter aus der Familie der Raubbeutler. Sie kommt im Landesinneren des nördlichen Australien vor.
Verbreitungskarte der Nördlichen Flachkopf-Beutelmaus
The long-tailed planigale (Planigale ingrami), also known as Ingram's planigale or the northern planigale, is the smallest of all marsupials, and one of the smallest of all mammals.[3] It is rarely seen but is a quite common inhabitant of the blacksoil plains, clay-soiled woodlands, and seasonally flooded grasslands of Australia's Top End.
The long-tailed planigale was described in 1906 by Oldfield Thomas, who placed it in the genus Phascogale. The species was moved in 1928 by Ellis Le Geyt Troughton, who created the genus Planigale for it and the other then-known species, the common planigale (P. maculata), and described the narrow-nosed planigale (P. tenuirostris). The species has since suffered some taxonomic confusion, having been referred to as Planigale subtilissima; there has also been some confusion concerning subspecies. Currently, three subspecies are recognised:[1]
The long-tailed planigale has an extraordinary head shape. All planigales have a flattened head, much broader than it is deep. This smallest planigale takes that trend to an extreme: at just 3 to 4 mm (0.12 to 0.16 in) from top to bottom, the skull is one-fifth as deep as it is wide. The purpose, it seems, is to allow it to squeeze into the tiniest of soil cracks; to find its prey, perhaps to avoid predators, or more probably for both reasons. The clays and blacksoils of the Top End typically develop deep cracks as they dry after the monsoonal summer rains, which persist right through the eight-month dry season until the wet begins again, usually producing floods that force small creatures like the Long-tailed Planigale to seek refuge on high ground.[1]
The head shape aside (which in any case is not obvious from all angles), the long-tailed planigale looks rather like a very small mouse with a long, bare tail. The muzzle is pointed, the fur a nondescript and variable brown, the hindlegs a little bigger than the forelegs, allowing it to stand semi-crouched on hindlegs and tail, rather like a tiny squirrel.[1]
Combined head-body length varies from 55 to 65 mm (2.2 to 2.6 in), averaging 59 mm (2.3 in) in both sexes; the tail length is similar. Average male weight is 4.2 g (0.15 oz), 4.3 g (0.15 oz) for females; a really large specimen can reach almost 6 g (0.21 oz).[1]
Like all members of the Dasyuromorphia, it is carnivorous, living on invertebrates and small vertebrates which they catch by energetic nocturnal hunting through leaf litter and in soil cracks.
By night it is an active and fearless hunter, preying mostly on insects and their larvae, small lizards, and young mammals almost as large as itself. With the larger prey like grasshoppers, an initial pounce is often insufficient and the planigale bites repeatedly until its prey no longer struggles. Usually, it eats only the soft parts, discarding the head and wings.[1]
Breeding can take place at any time of year, but mostly during the wet season. Four to eight young are born, sometimes as many as 12 in southern populations; the young spend six weeks in the backward-facing pouch, and then about another six weeks hidden in a grassy nest under bark or other vegetation while the mother forages each night.[1]
The long-tailed planigale prefers floodplains and savannah woodlands with cracked clay soils, as well as riparian areas and blacksoil plains. It is found across northern Australia from the Pilbara through the Great Sandy Desert and the Kimberley region in Western Australia to the Barkly Tableland in the Northern Territory and Townsville in Queensland.[4]
The long-tailed planigale (Planigale ingrami), also known as Ingram's planigale or the northern planigale, is the smallest of all marsupials, and one of the smallest of all mammals. It is rarely seen but is a quite common inhabitant of the blacksoil plains, clay-soiled woodlands, and seasonally flooded grasslands of Australia's Top End.
El planigalo de cola larga (Planigale ingrami) también llamado Planigalo del norte es el más pequeño de los marsupiales y uno de los mamíferos más pequeños. Rara vez es visto, pero es común en las planicies y llanuras; a veces, en los pastizales inundados del oeste de Australia.
Se consideran tres subespecies, llamadas:
El planigalo de cola larga (Planigale ingrami) también llamado Planigalo del norte es el más pequeño de los marsupiales y uno de los mamíferos más pequeños. Rara vez es visto, pero es común en las planicies y llanuras; a veces, en los pastizales inundados del oeste de Australia.
Se consideran tres subespecies, llamadas:
P. i. ingrami Thomas, 1906 P. i. brunnea Troughton, 1928 P. i. subtilissima Lönnberg, 1913Planigale ingrami Planigale generoko animalia da. Dasyuromorphia ordenaren barruko ugaztuna da. Sminthopsinae azpifamilia eta Dasyuridae familian sailkatuta dago.
Planigale ingrami Planigale generoko animalia da. Dasyuromorphia ordenaren barruko ugaztuna da. Sminthopsinae azpifamilia eta Dasyuridae familian sailkatuta dago.
De platkopbuidelmuis (Planigale ingrami) is een roofbuideldier uit het geslacht der platkopbuidelmuizen (Planigale) die voorkomt in gras- en struiklandschappen in Noord-Australië van de Kimberley (West-Australië) tot Townsville (Queensland). Van deze soort bestaan drie ondersoorten: subtilissima Lönnberg, 1913 in West-Australië, ingrami (Thomas, 1906) in het Noordelijk Territorium en brunnea Troughton, 1928 in Queensland. P. i. subtilissima is mogelijk een aparte soort.
P. ingrami is het kleinste levende buideldier. Hij heeft een platte, driehoekige kop, grote, naakte, doorschijnende oren en een dunne staart. De bovenkant van het lichaam is grijsbruin, de onderkant geelbruin, de wangen en de keel wit. De kop-romplengte bedraagt 55 tot 65 mm, de staartlengte 45 tot 60 mm en het gewicht 4 tot 6 g.
De platkopbuidelmuis is een beweeglijke, 's nachts actieve vleeseter. Dit diertje maakt jacht op ongewervelden en kleine gewervelden op de bodem. In het Noordelijk Territorium worden van februari tot april nesten van vier tot zes jongen geboren, in Queensland worden het hele jaar door (maar vooral van december tot maart) nesten van vier tot twaalf jongen geboren. De jongen worden tot ze zes weken oud zijn in de goed ontwikkelde buidel gedragen en daarna in een verborgen nest achter gelaten. Na twaalf weken zijn ze onafhankelijk.
De benaming ingrami is een eerbetoon aan William Ingram, die een van de sponsoren was van de expeditie naar Australië.
De platkopbuidelmuis (Planigale ingrami) is een roofbuideldier uit het geslacht der platkopbuidelmuizen (Planigale) die voorkomt in gras- en struiklandschappen in Noord-Australië van de Kimberley (West-Australië) tot Townsville (Queensland). Van deze soort bestaan drie ondersoorten: subtilissima Lönnberg, 1913 in West-Australië, ingrami (Thomas, 1906) in het Noordelijk Territorium en brunnea Troughton, 1928 in Queensland. P. i. subtilissima is mogelijk een aparte soort.
P. ingrami is het kleinste levende buideldier. Hij heeft een platte, driehoekige kop, grote, naakte, doorschijnende oren en een dunne staart. De bovenkant van het lichaam is grijsbruin, de onderkant geelbruin, de wangen en de keel wit. De kop-romplengte bedraagt 55 tot 65 mm, de staartlengte 45 tot 60 mm en het gewicht 4 tot 6 g.
De platkopbuidelmuis is een beweeglijke, 's nachts actieve vleeseter. Dit diertje maakt jacht op ongewervelden en kleine gewervelden op de bodem. In het Noordelijk Territorium worden van februari tot april nesten van vier tot zes jongen geboren, in Queensland worden het hele jaar door (maar vooral van december tot maart) nesten van vier tot twaalf jongen geboren. De jongen worden tot ze zes weken oud zijn in de goed ontwikkelde buidel gedragen en daarna in een verborgen nest achter gelaten. Na twaalf weken zijn ze onafhankelijk.
De benaming ingrami is een eerbetoon aan William Ingram, die een van de sponsoren was van de expeditie naar Australië.
Planigale ingrami é uma espécie de marsupial da família Dasyuridae. Endêmica da Austrália.
É o menor de todos os marsupiais, e um dos menores mamíferos do mundo. Raramente é visto, mas bastante comum nas planícies de solo rachado, na Austrália;
A cabeça do Planigale-no-norte tem uma forma extraordinária. Todos os planigales têm uma cabeça achatada, muito mais ampla do que profunda. Este Planigale menor leva essa tendência a um extremo: em apenas três mm a quatro de cima para baixo, o crânio é de um quinto tão profundo como é largo. O objetivo, ao que parece, é para permitir espremer nas menores fissuras no solo; para encontrar suas presas, talvez para evitar predadores, ou mais provavelmente por ambos os motivos.
A forma da cabeça de lado (em qualquer caso, não é evidente em todos os ângulos), parece com um pequeno rato com cauda longa e nua. O focinho é pontudo, o pelo indefinível e variado de marrom, os membros posteriores são um pouco maiores que os anteriores, permitindo-lhe ficar semi-agachados sobre as patas e na cauda, um pouco como um pequeno esquilo.
O comprimento do corpo varia entre cinco e seis cm, uma média de 59 milímetros em ambos os sexos, o comprimento da cauda é semelhante. O peso médio do macho é de 4,2 gramas e as fêmeas 4,3 gramas, podendo chegar a seis gramas;
À noite é um caçador ativo e destemido, predando principalmente insetos e suas larvas, pequenos lagartos e filhotes de pequenos mamíferos quase tão grandes quanto ele próprio. Com as presas maiores, como gafanhotos, um bote inicial é muitas vezes insuficiente e os Planigales atacam repetidas vezes até que a presa não se esforce mais. Normalmente ele come apenas as partes moles, descartando a cabeça e as asas;
A reprodução pode ocorrer em qualquer época do ano, mas principalmente durante a estação chuvosa. Quatro a oito filhotes nascem, por vezes, com muitos com 12 filhotes em populações do sul, os filhotes passam seis semanas na bolsa virada para trás, e em seguida escondido em um ninho de gramíneas sob a casca ou outra vegetação.
O Planigale-do-Norte vive em várzeas e matas xéricas com solo de barro rachado.
Norte e Leste de Queensland, Nordeste do Território do Norte, Nordeste da Austrália Ocidental;
Nota: Na descrição original do gênero, Troughton refere a esta subespécie brunnea como o genotipo Planigale brunnea. Para Troughton é o tipo original de designação da espécie, não Planigale ingrami de (Thomas);
Local: Queensland, Austrália;
Local: Território do Norte e Queensland, Austrália;
Sinônimo do nome científico da subespécie: Planigale subtilissima, Phascogale subtilissima;
Nome Popular da subespécie: Planigale-pequeno-do-Norte
Nota: Talvez seja distinta para alguns autores;
Local: Austrália Ocidental e Território do Norte;
Planigale ingrami é uma espécie de marsupial da família Dasyuridae. Endêmica da Austrália.
Nome Popular: Planigale-de-cauda-longa ou Planigale-do-norte Nome Científico: Planigale ingrami (Thomas, 1906) Sinônimo do nome científico da espécie: Phascogale ingrami;
Planigale ingrami[2][3][4][5] är en pungdjursart som först beskrevs av Oldfield Thomas 1906. Planigale ingrami ingår i släktet dvärgpungmöss och familjen rovpungdjur.[6][7] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Artepitet i det vetenskapliga namnet hedrar Sir William Ingram, en engelsk bokförläggare som gav pengar åt expeditionen som hittade djuret.[8]
Pungdjuret förekommer i norra Australien och i några avskilda regioner i centrala Australien. Arten vistas i gräsmarker. Per kull föds 4 till 8 ungar.[1]
Arten delas in i följande underarter:[6]
Planigale ingrami är en pungdjursart som först beskrevs av Oldfield Thomas 1906. Planigale ingrami ingår i släktet dvärgpungmöss och familjen rovpungdjur. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Artepitet i det vetenskapliga namnet hedrar Sir William Ingram, en engelsk bokförläggare som gav pengar åt expeditionen som hittade djuret.
Pungdjuret förekommer i norra Australien och i några avskilda regioner i centrala Australien. Arten vistas i gräsmarker. Per kull föds 4 till 8 ungar.
Planigale ingrami là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dasyuridae, bộ Dasyuromorphia. Loài này được Thomas mô tả năm 1906.[2]
Planigale ingrami là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dasyuridae, bộ Dasyuromorphia. Loài này được Thomas mô tả năm 1906.
Planigale ingrami (Thomas, 1906)
ПодвидыСеверная сумчатая мышь[1][2] (лат. Planigale ingrami) — вид из рода плоскоголовых сумчатых мышей семейства хищные сумчатые. Эндемик Австралии.
Обитает в северной части австралийского континента[3]. Встречается в северо-восточной части Северной территории, в районе городов Маккай и Таунсвилл в Квинсленде и к югу от города Брунетт-Даунс[4].
Естественная среда обитания отличается большим разнообразием. Широко распространены на территории редколесья с глиняными почвами, чернозёмных равнин и австралийских лугов, подверженных сезонному затоплению в период с декабря по конец марта и имеющих глиняные почвы, в которых в период засухи образуются глубокие трещины (эти трещины используются северными сумчатыми мышами для укрытия от хищников и охоты на беспозвоночных)[4][3].
Является самым маленьким сумчатым[5]. Половой диморфизм между самцами и самками отсутствует. Длина тела с головой колеблется от 50 до 60 мм, хвоста — от 50 до 60 мм. Вес варьирует от 3,9 до 4,5 г[5]. Спина покрыта буро-серым волосяным покровом с желтоватым оттенком. Брюхо более светлого цвета[4]. Череп уплощён. Морда заострённая. Уши небольшие. Хвост средней длины, лысый. Обычно чуть короче длины тела с головой. Задние лапы шире, чем у представителей рода нинго. Как и другие плоскоголовые сумчатые мыши (кроме мелкозубой сумчатой мыши) имеет по три нижних и верхних премоляра[5].
Ведёт наземный образ жизни. Активность приходится на ночь. День проводит в норах, организуемых в расщелинах. В период засух прячется в трещинах в высохшей земле. Иногда греется на солнце[5]. В период недостатка еды может впадать в ежедневную спячку по 2-4 часа[4].
Хищники. Основу рациона составляют насекомые, размеры которых могут превышать собственные размеры (преимущественно кузнечики и сверчки)[5]. Поедают только мягкую часть, оставляя нетронутой голову и крылья[4].
Сумка развита хорошо, открывается назад[6]. Размножаются круглый год, преимущественно в период с декабря по апрель. В год самка может приносить более одного приплода. В потомстве от 4 до 8 детёнышей в северной части своего ареала и до 12 детёнышей в южной части ареала[4]. Количество сосков на груди — 6-12[6]. От груди детеныши отлучаются через 90 дней[7]. Максимальная продолжительность жизни в неволе неизвестна, однако на природе, предположительно, могут жить до 1,3 года[7].
Северная сумчатая мышь (лат. Planigale ingrami) — вид из рода плоскоголовых сумчатых мышей семейства хищные сумчатые. Эндемик Австралии.
긴꼬리플라니갈레 또는 북부플라니갈레(Planigale ingrami)는 주머니고양이과에 속하는 유대류의 일종이다. 유대류 중에서 가장 작을뿐만아니라 모든 포유류 중에서도 가장 작은 종이다.[3] 희귀종이지만, 흑색토 평원과 점토 삼림 그리고 오스트레일리아 톱 랜드 지역의 계절성 홍수림 초원의 서식지에서는 상당히 흔하게 발견된다.