nomes no trilho de navegação
Himalayan marmots are found most often between timberline and snowline, at elevations of 3,500 to 5,200 m. Temperatures in these areas typically range from 8 C to 12 C. Himalayan marmots occur primarily in dry, open habitats, including alpine meadows, grasslands, and deserts. Much of their habitat falls within the Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows ecoregion. Vegetation in this ecoregion is dominated by stunted evergreen shrubs and birch-dominated forest patches. At higher elevations, this shrub-dominated community shifts to open alpine meadows. This ecoregion is largely protected due to the presence of critically endangered snow leopards. Like other marmots, Himalayan marmots dig large burrows, which generally restricts them to areas with light-textured and adequately deep soil. The burrows of Himalayan marmots are exceptionally deep, typically ranging from 2.0 to 3.5 m. In preparation for hibernation, Himalayan marmots dig burrows that are considerably deeper, sometimes reaching depths of 10 m. These burrows are shared by all members of the colony during hibernation.
Range elevation: 2500 to 5200 m.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: tundra ; desert or dune ; savanna or grassland ; mountains
Other Habitat Features: agricultural
Although current population trends are unknown, Himalayan marmots are classified as a species of least concern on the IUCN's Red List of THreatened Species. They are locally abundant throughout their geographic range and show no signs of decline. This species occurs in habitats protected for snow leopards, which is classified as endangered by the IUCN. As a result, they are relatively unaffected by human impacts throughout much of their range.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
State of Michigan List: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
There are no known adverse effects of Himalayan marmots on humans.
Historically, the flesh of Himalayan marmots reportedly was used in traditional Tibetan medicine, for treatment of renal disease.
Positive Impacts: source of medicine or drug
Himalayan marmots are important prey for snow leopards, which are classified as endangered on the IUCN's Red List of Threatened Species. They are also important prey for a number of other predatory mammals and birds. As burrowing animals, they likely help increased soil aeration and water penetration throughout their geographic range. In addition, abandoned borrows likely serve as habitat for numerous other species of small mammals. There is no information available regarding parasites specific to this species.
Himalayan marmots (M. himalayana) are herbivores. Old plant growth is commonly avoided due to the presence of alkaloids, which emit a bitter, metallic taste. Most marmots prefer flowering plants because they are more palatable, and select forage containing higher amounts of protein, fatty acids and minerals. Plant selection differs throughout the year since certain flora species are only available seasonally. Himalayan marmots are sometimes sympatric with livestock (e.g., domesticated yaks) and feed in the same pastures.
Plant Foods: leaves; roots and tubers; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit
Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore , Frugivore , Granivore )
Himalayan marmots (Marmota himalayan) are 1 of 14 Marmota species alive today. While members of the genus Marmota occur across portions of Asia, Europe, and North America, Himalayan marmots are restricted to high elevation regions of northwestern south Asia and China. In Asia, Himalayan marmots occur across the Himalayan Mountains of India, Nepal, and Pakistan. In China, they are found in several provinces, primarily across the Tibetan Plateau in western, central, and southern portions of the country.
Biogeographic Regions: palearctic (Native ); oriental (Native )
Himalayan marmots have an average lifespan of 15 years in the wild. They are rarely held in captivity and thus, there is no information available concerning the average lifespan of individuals under these conditions. Typical lifespans for Marmota species ranges from 12 to 17 years.
Average lifespan
Status: wild: 15 years.
Typical lifespan
Status: wild: 15 (high) years.
Members of the genus Marmota are generally referred to as large ground squirrels. Marmots are large terrestrial rodents with stout limbs and short tails. Himalayan marmots are similar in size to an average house cat. They are generally larger than other marmot species across their native range. Himalayan marmots are particularly stout-bodied and range in length from 475 to 670 mm. They have relatively large skulls, ranging from 96 to 114 mm in length, and exceptionally large hind feet, which range in length from 76 to 100 mm. Like other marmots, each forefoot has four-toes with long concave claws for burrowing, and each hind foot has five toes. Despite their large body size, Himalayan marmots have shorter tails than many other marmot species. Their tail length ranges from 125 to 150 mm, comparable to that of gray marmots. Their ears, ranging from 23 to 30 mm in length, are also relatively short compared to other marmot species. Dorsal pelage ranges from yellow to brown, and they often have irregular black or blackish brown spots, particularly on the face and snout. Ventral pelage is buff yellow to russet. Two subspecies of Himalayan marmots have been described: M. himalayana himalayana and M. himalayana robusta. Marmota himalayana robusta is especially large, with individuals reported to weigh over 6 kg. In general, Himalayan marmots range in mass from 4 to 9.2 kg. Sexual dimorphism has not been reported in this species.
Range mass: 4 to 9.2 kg.
Range length: 475 to 670 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike
Predators of Himalayan marmots include snow leopards, Tibetan wolves, and large birds of prey like bearded vultures and golden eagles. Himalayan marmots are important prey for snow leopards, and evidence suggests that they make nearly 20% of the snow leopard diet. Brown bears may also prey on Himalayan marmots.
Marmots are typically on watch for predators while out of their burrows. Distance from burrow and colony size are correlated with per-capita time spent scanning, as greater distances and smaller colonies results in more time spent scanning. When Himalayan marmots sense a predator approaching, they use a distinct series of calls to alert other members of their group. These alarm calls consist of rapidly repeating sounds, beginning with a low frequency call. Each call typically lasts less than 80 milliseconds. A single series of calls continues for less than 1 second. Alarm calls are repeated usually every 5 to 20 seconds. Alarm calls in Himalayan marmots can be distinguished from those produced by other marmots, as the first and second sounds in each series occur in much more rapid succession.
Known Predators:
Marmots have strong tactile senses, well-developed for burrowing. Quick reflexes also allow marmots to respond rapidly to their wide range of environmental influences and social interactions. Marmots are highly alert and rely heavily on visual and auditory senses to alert them to potential predators. Per-capita time spent scanning decreases as colony size increases. For example, Olympic marmots tend to spend less time watching for predators, since they commonly forage in groups. In contrast, individuals that forage alone continually pause, scanning the surrounding environment for predators. In comparison to marmots feeding in groups, individuals spend nearly twice the amount of time watching for predators. Distance from their home burrow also affects alertness. For example, yellow-bellied marmots in close range of their burrows, tend to be less vigilant in scanning their surroundings than those foraging at greater distances.
Himalayan marmots often communicate by whistling or chirping, and using physical behaviors. When a predator is detected, they produce a series of alarm calls, which have been observed in many marmot species. It is unclear if there is a distinct vocalization associated with mating. In some species, such as woodchucks, males attract reproductive females using pheromones. Certain physical interactions, such as nestling and nibbling, indicate an individual is ready and willing mate. Because of their burrowing tendencies, Himalayan marmots are difficult to observe in their natural habitat. As a result, few detailed studies of their mating behavior have been conducted.
Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Other Communication Modes: pheromones
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Most marmot species are cooperative breeders, and many species live in family groups consisting of a reproductive territorial pair, subordinate adults, yearlings and young. Although most marmots are monogamous, in some species, females have multiple mates. Special care is provided during hibernation, when other adults aid in social thermoregulation of the young. This may be a form of alloparental care, whereby unrelated adults aid in care of the offspring.
All species of marmots (Marmota spp.) reach reproductive maturity by the age of two. However, reproduction typically is delayed another year or more. When marmots reproduce early in the year, it is more physically stressful. Because female marmots do not gain body mass during lactation (and may lose body mass), early reproduction represents a risk, as these individuals must rely on favorable future food availability and weather conditions to sustain their reproductive effort. Reproductive females gain mass at least three weeks later than barren females, but this time period typically is adequate to restore body mass similar to that of barren females. The inability of pregnant females to maximize fattening may lead to reproductive skipping (failure to wean their young). This occurs in most marmot species.
Mating System: monogamous ; polyandrous ; cooperative breeder
Annual mating in Himalayan marmots occurs during February and March, and gestation lasts up to one month. Like most marmots, Himalayan marmots give birth in late spring and early summer. This coincides with the end or near end of hibernation. Himalayan marmots typically produce 2 to 11 offspring per litter. Variation in litter size often reflects overall population density. When population density is high, females yield an average of 4.8 offspring per litter. In less dense populations, females average 7 pups per litter. After parturition, offspring are weaned over a 15 day period. Once offspring are independent, juveniles maintain permanent residences in their familial communities, which is typical of most marmot species.
Breeding interval: Himalayan marmots mate once yearly.
Breeding season: Breeding in Himalayan marmots typically occurs during February and March.
Range number of offspring: 2 to 11.
Average number of offspring: 6.
Average gestation period: 1 months.
Average weaning age: 15 days.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 2 years.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 2 years.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous
Most marmots provide considerable care to their offspring. In many species, such as Olympic marmots, offspring remain in the burrow for at least one month after birth. In Himalayan marmots, milk is provided to the young during the first 15 days of life. Most marmots receive nearly constant care from the mother, both while in the burrow and for several weeks after emerging. After several weeks, offspring of most species are capable of foraging independently. Blumstein and Armitage (1999) discuss similarities and differences in cooperative breeding and alloparental care across marmot species but note that little is known about this aspect of Himalayan marmot reproduction.
Parental Investment: precocial ; female parental care ; pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); post-independence association with parents
La marmota del Himalaya (Marmota himalayana) ye una especie de royedor esciuromorfo de la familia Sciuridae.[2] Alcuéntrase n'India, Nepal y Paquistán na cordal del Himalaya dende los 3.500 hasta los 5.200 m d'altor, según nel oeste, sur y centru de China.[1]
reconocense les siguientes subespecies:[2]
.La marmota del Himalaya (Marmota himalayana) ye una especie de royedor esciuromorfo de la familia Sciuridae. Alcuéntrase n'India, Nepal y Paquistán na cordal del Himalaya dende los 3.500 hasta los 5.200 m d'altor, según nel oeste, sur y centru de China.
Himalay marmotu (lat. Marmota himalayana) — gəmiricilər dəstəsinin sincablar fəsiləsinə aid məməli heyvan növü.
Bu heyvanlar Pakistanın Deosay və Hindistan Kəşmirindəki Ladakx düzənliklərində yaşayırlar. Himalay marmotları iri pişik böyüklüyündə olub koloniyalarla yaşayırlar.
Ar moregan Himalaya[1] a zo ur bronneg krigner, Marmota himalayana an anv skiantel anezhañ, hag a vev e Tibet, India (Ladakh), Nepal ha Pakistan.
E gavout a c'haller en takadoù eus Himalaya, adalek 3 000 betek 5 200 metr a uhelder.
Ar moregan Himalaya a zo ur bronneg krigner, Marmota himalayana an anv skiantel anezhañ, hag a vev e Tibet, India (Ladakh), Nepal ha Pakistan.
La marmota de l'Himàlaia (Marmota himalayana) és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels esciúrids. Viu a la Xina, l'Índia, el Nepal i el Pakistan. Els seus hàbitats naturals són els prats, herbassars i deserts alpins amb molt poca pluja. Hiberna en colònies. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.[1]
La marmota de l'Himàlaia (Marmota himalayana) és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels esciúrids. Viu a la Xina, l'Índia, el Nepal i el Pakistan. Els seus hàbitats naturals són els prats, herbassars i deserts alpins amb molt poca pluja. Hiberna en colònies. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.
Das Himalaya-Murmeltier (Marmota himalayana) ist eine Art aus der Gattung der Murmeltiere. Sie gilt als bislang nur sehr wenig erforscht.
Das Verbreitungsgebiet des Himalaya-Murmeltiers umfasst trotz seines Namens nicht nur den Himalaya. Sein Verbreitungsgebiet reicht vielmehr vom nepalesischen Himalaya und dem Kuenlun bis zum östlichen Nanschan und den Gebirgen der Provinz Sikang.
Das Himalaya-Murmeltier zählt zu den größten und schwersten Arten innerhalb der Gattung der Murmeltiere. Einzelne Tiere können bis zu 70 Zentimeter lang werden und wiegen mitunter bis zu neun Kilogramm. Das Menzbier-Murmeltier, das kleinste der Murmeltiere, wird dagegen nur 40 bis 45 Zentimeter groß und wiegt durchschnittlich 2,5 Kilogramm.
Innerhalb der Murmeltiere ist vermutlich das Steppenmurmeltier eines der nächsten Verwandten. Es ist in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten gelegentlich sogar als eine Unterart davon eingeordnet worden[1].
Das Himalaya-Murmeltier (Marmota himalayana) ist eine Art aus der Gattung der Murmeltiere. Sie gilt als bislang nur sehr wenig erforscht.
De Himalayamarmot (Latynske namme: Mamota himalayana) is in sûchdier út it skift fan 'e kjifdieren (Rodentia), de famylje fan 'e iikhoarntsjes (Sciuridae) en it skaai fan 'e marmotten (Marmota), dat foarkomt yn Himalaya-regio fan Súd-Aazje. Dizze soarte is wierskynlik it naust besibbe oan 'e steppemarmot, dêr't er inkeld sels wol as ûndersoarte fan beskôge wurdt. De Himalayamarmot is lykwols ek relatyf nau besibbe oan Noardamerikaanske marmottesoarten, lykas de boskmarmot.
Himalayamarmotten komme foar yn 'e hiele krite fan 'e Himalaya, yn wide bôge dy't fan Ladach, yn noardwestlik Yndia, fia Nepal, de Yndiaaske dielsteat Sikkim en it ûnôfhinklike steatsje Bûtan nei Arunachal Pradesh, yn noardeastlik Yndia, rint. Se libje dêr op hichten dy't útinoar rinne fan 300 oant 4.800 m boppe seenivo. Dêrnjonken komme se ek foar op dielen fan it Tibetaansk Plato. Wat har wengebiet oanbelanget, jouwe Himalayamarmotten de foarkar oan berchgreiden en steppe-eftige biotopen yn it heechberchtme.
De Himalayamarmot kin in totale lichemslingte fan 70 sm en in gewicht fan 9 kg berikke. Dêrmei is er like grut as in grutte hûskat. Syn pels is brún oant dûnkerbrún oer it grutste part fan syn liif en swartich boppe op 'e kop, mei opfallende gielige plakken op 'e wangen en it boarst. Himalayamarmotten libje yn koloanjes.
Undersyk troch de Frânske etnolooch Michel Peissel hat oannimlik makke dat it ferhaal oer nei goud gravende eamels, dat yn 'e fyfde iuw f.Kr. opdist waard troch de Grykske histoarikus Herodoatus, basearre wie op 'e praktyk fan pleatslike stammen op it Deosai-plato om goudstof te sykjen yn 'e bulten ierde dy't Himalayamarmotten út har ûndergrûnske hoalen útgroeven hiene.
De Himalayamarmot waard yn 1841 foar it earst wittenskiplik beskreaun troch de Britske biolooch Brian Houghton Hodgson. De soarte hat de IUCN-status fan "net bedrige", mei't er yn syn ferspriedingsgebiet noch rûnom foarkomt en om't de populaasje stabyl liket te wêzen.
De Himalayamarmot (Latynske namme: Mamota himalayana) is in sûchdier út it skift fan 'e kjifdieren (Rodentia), de famylje fan 'e iikhoarntsjes (Sciuridae) en it skaai fan 'e marmotten (Marmota), dat foarkomt yn Himalaya-regio fan Súd-Aazje. Dizze soarte is wierskynlik it naust besibbe oan 'e steppemarmot, dêr't er inkeld sels wol as ûndersoarte fan beskôge wurdt. De Himalayamarmot is lykwols ek relatyf nau besibbe oan Noardamerikaanske marmottesoarten, lykas de boskmarmot.
हिमाली फ्याउमुसो नेपालमा पाइने एक प्रकारको जनावर हो ।
The Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana) is a marmot species that inhabits alpine grasslands throughout the Himalayas and on the Tibetan Plateau. It is IUCN Red Listed as Least Concern because of its wide range and possibly large population.[1]
Arctomys Himalayanus was the scientific name proposed by Brian Houghton Hodgson in 1841 who described marmot skins from the Himalayas.[2] In the 19th century, several Himalayan marmot specimens were described and proposed as subspecies.[3]
The Himalayan marmot is very closely related to the Tarbagan marmot (M. sibirica) and somewhat more distantly to the—in morphology rather different—black-capped marmot (M. camtschatica). These three form a species group and its nearest relative is the bobak species group, which includes the bobak marmot (M. bobak) itself, as well as the gray (M. baibacina) and forest-steppe marmots (M. kastschenkoi). In the past, the relatively short-furred and short-tailed marmots of the Palearctic region, i.e. Himalayan, Tarbagan, gray and forest-steppe, all were regarded as subspecies of the bobak marmot.[4]
The Himalayan marmot has a dense woolly fur that is rufous grey on the back and rufous yellowish on ears, belly and limbs. The bridge of its nose and end of tail is dark brown.[2] It is one of the largest marmots in the world, being about the size of a large housecat. Average body mass ranges from 4 to 9.2 kg (8.8 to 20.3 lb), with weights lowest post-hibernation in spring and highest prior to it in autumn. In the autumn, average weight is reportedly more than 7 kg (15 lb) in both sexes. Total length is about 45 to 67 cm (18 to 26 in), with a tail length of 12 to 15 cm (4.7 to 5.9 in).[5][6]
The Himalayan marmot occurs in the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau at altitudes of 3,000 to 5,500 m (9,800–18,000 ft) in northeastern Pakistan, northern India, Nepal, Bhutan and China.[4][7] In China, it has been recorded in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Xizang, western Sichuan and Yunnan provinces.[8] In the west its distribution reaches that of the long-tailed marmot (M. caudata), but the two are not known to hybridize. The Himalayan marmot lives in short grass steppes or alpine habitats, typically above the tree line but below the permanent snow limit.[4]
The Himalayan marmot lives in colonies and excavates deep burrows that colony members share during hibernation.[7] The species hibernates from the late autumn to the early spring, on average for 71⁄2 months.[4] Burrows are between 2 and 10 m (6.6–32.8 ft) deep, given that the upper soil layer is sufficiently light and deep such as fluvioglacial, deluvial and alluvial deposits. Where soil conditions are ideal on alluvial terraces, marmot colonies comprise up to 30 families, with up to 10 families living in an area of 1 km (0.6 mi). The marmot eats plants growing on pastures, in particular the soft and juicy parts of grassy plant species like Carex, Agrostis, Deschampsia, Koeleria and flowering species like Euphrasia, Gentiana, Halenia, Polygonum, Primula, Ranunculus, Saussurea, Taraxacum Iris potaninii.[5]
Females become sexually mature at the age of two years. After one month of gestation they give birth to litters of two to 11 young.[7]
On the Tibetan plateau, marmot species form part of snow leopard prey.[9] Other predators of Himalayan marmots include Tibetan wolves, red fox, and large birds of prey like hawks, kestrels, bearded vultures, and golden eagles.[10][11]
It was known to the ancient Greek writers as the gold-digging ant apparently as reference to the fact that gold nuggets were found in the silts of the burrows these marmots dug.[12][13] The French ethnologist Michel Peissel claimed that the story of 'gold-digging ants' reported by the Greek historian Herodotus was founded on the golden Himalayan marmot of the Deosai plateau and the habit of local tribes such as the Minaro to collect the gold dust excavated from their burrows.[14]
A photograph of a Himalayan marmot under attack by a Tibetan fox taken by Bao Yongqing won the overall prize in the 2019 Wildlife Photographer of the Year award.[15]
The Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana) is a marmot species that inhabits alpine grasslands throughout the Himalayas and on the Tibetan Plateau. It is IUCN Red Listed as Least Concern because of its wide range and possibly large population.
Himalaja marmoto (Marmota himalayana) aŭ Tibeta neĝoporko estas specio apartenanta al genro marmotoj, familio Sciuredoj, ordo Ronĝuloj. Ĝi vivas en altaj montoj de Azio, precipe en Himalajo, nome en Tibeta Altebenaĵo. Ĝi ankaŭ vivas ĝis orienta Nanŝan kaj montoj de provinco Sikang.
Ĝi estas unu de la plej grandaj kaj pezaj specioj de la genro de marmotoj. Unuopuloj povas longi 70 cm kaj pezi ĝis 9 kg. Ĝia felo estas malhele-hele bruna, kun flavaj makuloj sur la vango kaj brusto.
Ĝi vivas en kolonioj, dormas vintran dormon dum 6 monatoj. Ĝi manĝas herbojn, ĝi estas predo de la neĝleopardo.
Ĝia seksa maturiĝo okazas en aĝo de du jaroj. La femalo naskas 2-11 idojn post unumonata gravedeco.
Ĝia plej proksima parenco estas verŝajne la stepa marmoto.
La marmota del Himalaya (Marmota himalayana) es una especie de roedor esciuromorfo de la familia Sciuridae.[2] Se encuentra en India, Nepal y Pakistán en la cordillera del Himalaya desde los 3500 hasta los 5200 m de altura, así como en el oeste, sur y centro de China.[1]
Se reconocen las siguientes subespecies:[2]
La marmota del Himalaya (Marmota himalayana) es una especie de roedor esciuromorfo de la familia Sciuridae. Se encuentra en India, Nepal y Pakistán en la cordillera del Himalaya desde los 3500 hasta los 5200 m de altura, así como en el oeste, sur y centro de China.
Marmota himalayana Marmota generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Xerinae azpifamilia eta Sciuridae familian sailkatuta dago.
Marmota himalayana Marmota generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Xerinae azpifamilia eta Sciuridae familian sailkatuta dago.
La Marmotte de l'Himalaya[1] (Marmota himalayana) est une marmotte de la région himalayenne entre 300 et 4500 m. On la trouve notamment au Tibet[2].
La Marmotte de l'Himalaya (Marmota himalayana) est une marmotte de la région himalayenne entre 300 et 4500 m. On la trouve notamment au Tibet.
La marmotta dell'Himalaya (Marmota himalayana Hodgson, 1841) è una specie della famiglia degli Sciuridi[2]. È una specie ancora poco studiata.
La marmotta himalayana è una delle specie più grandi e pesanti del genere Marmota. La sua lunghezza può variare da 40 a 80 cm. e pesare anche fino a 9 kg. Al confronto, la marmotta di Menzbier, la più piccola delle marmotte, misura solo 40–45 cm e pesa in media 2,5 kg. Il colore del suo pelo è bruno chiaro con concentrazioni di nero lungo la spina dorsale.
Nonostante il nome, il suo areale non è ristretto alla sola Himalaya. Infatti, esso si estende dall'Himalaya nepalese fino alle catene del Kunlun e dei Nanshan e alle catene montuose della regione dello Xikang. Vive nei prati alpini, tra 4000 e 5500 m di quota.
Suo parente più stretto, probabilmente, è la marmotta bobak. Di tanto in tanto, anche in questi ultimi decenni, è stata classificata come una sua sottospecie. Ne vengono riconosciute due sottospecie[2]:
La marmotta dell'Himalaya (Marmota himalayana Hodgson, 1841) è una specie della famiglia degli Sciuridi. È una specie ancora poco studiata.
De Himalayamarmot (wetenschappelijke naam: Marmota himalayana) is een soort marmot. Net als andere marmotten behoort de Himalayamarmot tot de familie van de eekhoorns (Sciuridae).
De Himalayamarmot is een van de grootste marmotten. Het dier kan tot 70 cm lang worden en 9 kg wegen. De vacht is op de rug bruin met een donkere plek op de kop. De borst en wangen van het dier zijn opvallend gelig van kleur.
Binnen de marmotten is de steppenmarmot (Marmota bobak) vermoedelijk het nauwst verwant. Soms wordt de Himalayamarmot zelfs als ondersoort van de steppenmarmot beschouwd.
Deze soort komt voor in de Himalaya, de Kunlun en over het Tibetaans Plateau. Net als andere marmotten leeft de Himalayamarmot in kolonies. Ze kunnen tot 4800 m hoogte voorkomen, meestal op de steppes of alpenweides van het hooggebergte.
De Himalayamarmot (wetenschappelijke naam: Marmota himalayana) is een soort marmot. Net als andere marmotten behoort de Himalayamarmot tot de familie van de eekhoorns (Sciuridae).
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Świstak himalajski[3] (Marmota himalayana) – gryzoń z rodziny wiewiórkowatych, jeden z przedstawicieli rodzaju Marmota[4][5].
Opis: Długość ciała 40–80cm; futro jasnobrązowe zmieszane z czarnym na grzbiecie.
Siedlisko: Łąki wysokogórskie od 4000 do 5500m n.p.m. Występuje w Nepalu, zachodnich Chinach i Indiach.
Liczebność: Nieznana.
Świstak himalajski (Marmota himalayana) – gryzoń z rodziny wiewiórkowatych, jeden z przedstawicieli rodzaju Marmota.
Opis: Długość ciała 40–80cm; futro jasnobrązowe zmieszane z czarnym na grzbiecie.
Siedlisko: Łąki wysokogórskie od 4000 do 5500m n.p.m. Występuje w Nepalu, zachodnich Chinach i Indiach.
Liczebność: Nieznana.
Himalayamurmeldjur (Marmota himalayana)[2][3][4] är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Brian Houghton Hodgson 1841. Arten ingår i släktet murmeldjur, och familjen ekorrar.[5][6] IUCN kategoriserar himalayamurmeldjuret globalt som livskraftigt.[1]
Arten delas in i följande underarter:[3][2]
Himalayamurmeldjur är större än andra murmeldjursarter, de varierar i längd mellan 47,5 och 67 centimeter. De har relativt stora skallar och mycket stora bakfötter, vilka kan bli upp till 10 centimeter långa. Trots den stora kroppsstorleken har himalayamurmeldjuret kortare svans än andra murmeldjursarter, längden på svansen varierar mellan 12,5 och 15 centimeter. Öronen är också relativt små. Pälsen varierar i färg från gul till brun och har ofta svarta eller bruna fläckar i ansiktet och på nosen. Underarten M. himalayana robusta blir särskilt stora med individer som väger över 6 kilo. I allmänhet varierar vikten på himalayamurmeldjur mellan 4 och 9 kilo. Inga storleksskillnader vad gäller kön har upptäckts hos arten. [7]
Himalayamurmeldjuret lever i bergsregionerna i västra Kina, Nepal, och norra Indien.[3] Arten har också återfunnits i Pakistan. Murmeldjuren lever på höjder mellan 3 500 och 5 200 meter över havet.[1][7] De bosätter sig oftast i sluttningar i torra öppna områden, till exempel alpina ängar, grässlätter och öknar.[1][7]
Himalayamurmeldjur blir i snitt 15 år gamla i vilt tillstånd.[7] De är dagaktiva och är som mest aktiva under tidig morgon och sen eftermiddag. Arten är mycket social och lever i kolonier på upp till 30 individer.[7] Till skillnad från andra murmeldjursarter gräver himalayamurmeldjuret sina bon mycket djupare under jord än vanligt. Normala bon är mellan 2 och 3,5 meter djupa och de bon som grävs för vinterdvalan kan vara upp till 10 meter djupa. Alla djur i kolonin delar detta bo under vintern.[1][7] Vinterdvalan varar mellan sex och åtta månader under årets kallaste delar.
Himalayamurmeldjur är växtätare. De undviker gammal växtlighet då den innehåller alkaloider som ger växterna en bitter, metallisk smak. De flesta murmeldjur föredrar blommande växter som smakar bättre och väljer sådana som innehåller mer protein, fettsyror och mineraler. [7]
Himalayamurmeldjur i närheten av Ganda La, Ladakh
Uppstoppat himalayamurmeldjur
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Himalayamurmeldjur.
Wikispecies har information om Marmota himalayana.
Himalayamurmeldjur (Marmota himalayana) är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Brian Houghton Hodgson 1841. Arten ingår i släktet murmeldjur, och familjen ekorrar. IUCN kategoriserar himalayamurmeldjuret globalt som livskraftigt.
Бабак гімалайський (Marmota himalayana) — вид роду Бабак (Marmota Blumenbach, 1779).
Поширений в Гімалаях на висотах від 300 до 4500 м над рівнем моря. Це тварини середнього розміру, дещо більші за свійського кота. Мешкають колоніями. Ця тварина має буре хутро з жовтими плямами на морді та грудях.
Цей вид бабака близький до трьох інших — бабака лісового, сірого та жовтобрюхого.
Бабак гімалайський (Marmota himalayana) — вид роду Бабак (Marmota Blumenbach, 1779).
Поширений в Гімалаях на висотах від 300 до 4500 м над рівнем моря. Це тварини середнього розміру, дещо більші за свійського кота. Мешкають колоніями. Ця тварина має буре хутро з жовтими плямами на морді та грудях.
Цей вид бабака близький до трьох інших — бабака лісового, сірого та жовтобрюхого.
Marmota himalayana là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Sóc, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Hodgson mô tả năm 1841.[2] Loài macmot Himalaya này được tìm thấy ở vùng đồng cỏ núi cao khắp dãy Himalaya và cao nguyên Tây Tạng ở độ cao từ 3.500 đến 5.200 m (11.500 đến 17.100 ft). Chúng sinh sống ở các quần thể và hang sâu mà các thành viên của đàn dùng chung trong quá trình ngủ đông.
Chúng có kích thước bằng mèo nhà lớn. Loài này có liên quan chặt chẽ với các ngân thử, các sóc hoa râm và các loại sóc vàng bụng. Loài này có bộ lông sôcôla nâu tối tương phản với các bản vá lỗi màu vàng trên mặt và ngực của nó.
Loài macmot này Nó được tìm thấy ở trên tầng cao của dãy Himalaya. Chủ yếu là có thể nhìn thấy ở vùng núi Ladakh ở bang phía Bắc Ấn Độ Jammu và Kashmir và Bhutan.
Marmota himalayana là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Sóc, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Hodgson mô tả năm 1841. Loài macmot Himalaya này được tìm thấy ở vùng đồng cỏ núi cao khắp dãy Himalaya và cao nguyên Tây Tạng ở độ cao từ 3.500 đến 5.200 m (11.500 đến 17.100 ft). Chúng sinh sống ở các quần thể và hang sâu mà các thành viên của đàn dùng chung trong quá trình ngủ đông.
Chúng có kích thước bằng mèo nhà lớn. Loài này có liên quan chặt chẽ với các ngân thử, các sóc hoa râm và các loại sóc vàng bụng. Loài này có bộ lông sôcôla nâu tối tương phản với các bản vá lỗi màu vàng trên mặt và ngực của nó.
Гимала́йский, или тибе́тский суро́к[1] (лат. Marmota himalayana) — сурки, найденные в гималайском регионе и обитающие от верхней границы леса до снеговой линии[2]. Они водятся на равнинах Деосай в Пакистане и Ладакх в индийском Кашмире. Гималайские сурки размером с крупную кошку и живут колониями. Marmota himalayana тесно связан с лесным сурком, седым сурком и желтобрюхим сурком[источник не указан 2935 дней]. Он имеет темную шоколадно-коричневую окраску с контрастными жёлтыми пятнами на мордочке и груди. Главное отличие гималайского сурка от остальных видов сурков в очень высокой нижней границе его распространения (до 3000 метров)[2].
Исследование французского этнолога Мишеля Песселя позволяют предполагать, что история о добывающих золото муравьях, описанная греческим историком Геродотом[3], который жил в пятом веке до нашей эры, была основана на золотых гималайских сурках плато Деосай и привычке местных племён, таких как Минаро, собирать золотую пыль, добытую из их нор.
Гимала́йский, или тибе́тский суро́к (лат. Marmota himalayana) — сурки, найденные в гималайском регионе и обитающие от верхней границы леса до снеговой линии. Они водятся на равнинах Деосай в Пакистане и Ладакх в индийском Кашмире. Гималайские сурки размером с крупную кошку и живут колониями. Marmota himalayana тесно связан с лесным сурком, седым сурком и желтобрюхим сурком[источник не указан 2935 дней]. Он имеет темную шоколадно-коричневую окраску с контрастными жёлтыми пятнами на мордочке и груди. Главное отличие гималайского сурка от остальных видов сурков в очень высокой нижней границе его распространения (до 3000 метров).
喜馬拉雅旱獺（Marmota himalayana）是一種分佈在喜瑪拉雅山海拔300-4500米的旱獺。牠們約有家貓的大小，且是群居的。牠們與美洲旱獺、花白旱獺及黃腹土撥鼠是近親。牠們呈深褐色，面部及胸部有黃色斑點。
體形肥大，體長50厘米，頸部粗短，耳殼短小。四肢短粗，尾短而扁平。體背棕黃色，廣泛棲息於青藏高原，山麓平原和山地陽坡下緣為其高密度集聚區，過家族生活，個體接觸密切。洞穴有主洞(越冬)、副洞(夏用)、避敵洞。主洞構造複雜，深而多口。有冬眠性，出蟄後晝間活動。
以禾本科、莎草科及豆科根、莖、葉為食，亦食小動物。出蟄後交配，年產1胎，每胎產2-9隻，3歲性成熟。喜馬拉雅旱獺為青藏高原特有種，省內除海西州均有分布。
喜馬拉雅旱獺是鼠疫杆菌的自然宿主，其体外寄生虫是鼠疫的传播者。喜馬拉雅旱獺是亚洲区域鼠疫预防的重点监控对象。
这是一篇與哺乳动物相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 喜馬拉雅旱獺（Marmota himalayana）是一種分佈在喜瑪拉雅山海拔300-4500米的旱獺。牠們約有家貓的大小，且是群居的。牠們與美洲旱獺、花白旱獺及黃腹土撥鼠是近親。牠們呈深褐色，面部及胸部有黃色斑點。
體形肥大，體長50厘米，頸部粗短，耳殼短小。四肢短粗，尾短而扁平。體背棕黃色，廣泛棲息於青藏高原，山麓平原和山地陽坡下緣為其高密度集聚區，過家族生活，個體接觸密切。洞穴有主洞(越冬)、副洞(夏用)、避敵洞。主洞構造複雜，深而多口。有冬眠性，出蟄後晝間活動。
以禾本科、莎草科及豆科根、莖、葉為食，亦食小動物。出蟄後交配，年產1胎，每胎產2-9隻，3歲性成熟。喜馬拉雅旱獺為青藏高原特有種，省內除海西州均有分布。
喜馬拉雅旱獺是鼠疫杆菌的自然宿主，其体外寄生虫是鼠疫的传播者。喜馬拉雅旱獺是亚洲区域鼠疫预防的重点监控对象。
히말라야마멋(Marmota himalayana)은 다람쥐과에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다.[2] 해발 고도 3,500m와 5,200m 사이의 티베트고원과 히말라야 산맥 전역의 고산 초원 지대에서 발견된다. 집단 생활을 하고 굴을 깊이 파며, 함께 겨울잠을 잔다.[1] 크기는 대형 집고양이 정도이다. 우드척과 흰등마멋, 노란배마멋의 근연종이다. 진한 초콜렛, 갈색 털을 갖고 있으며, 얼굴과 가슴에 노란 반점이 있다.[3]
다음은 2009년 헬겐(Helgen) 등의 연구에 기초한 계통 분류이다.[4]
마멋족 마멋속
