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Panamint chipmunks are commonly associated with piñon pine forests where they seek out rock outcroppings. These animals occur at elevations between 1,370 and 2,745 m. They prefer areas where soil cover is thin and granite cliffs and ledges are numerous. They reside in areas of high heat and arid conditions that other species of chipmunk are unable to tolerate.
Range elevation: 1370 to 2745 m.
Average elevation: 2060 m.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: chaparral ; scrub forest ; mountains
Panamint chipmunks are a prey species. They probably contribute to some extent to the diets of their predators, although details on this interaction are not available in the literature. In addition, they probably play some role in seed dispersal and reforestation through their caching behavior.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds
These animals have no known direct economic impact on humans. However, because they help to disperse seeds, they may aid people by keeping forests healthy.
There is no known negative impact on human economies caused by these chipmunks.
Tamias panamintinus is not a large conservation concern. What concern there is stems from the small range of the species. This restricted range makes it important to conserve the habitat of these animals to ensure that they are present in the future. Panamint chipmunks are common in the areas they inhabit. Two of these areas are Death Valley National Park and the Mojave Preserve. These areas are federally protected land and because of this all of the animals inhabiting these areas are protected. A permit is required to trap, collect, or perform studies.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
Tamias panamintinus uses vocalizations during courtship and other contexts. Young are able to make vocalizations within 12 to 18 hours of birth, and will make noises if separated from the mother.
All chipmunks make a variety of sounds. The lengths and patterns of vocalizations may be species specific, and can include chucks, chatterings, whistles, chips, chipperings, burst and sweeps. These are typically described by frequency and rate. Panamint chipmunks have a unique terminal pulse which following a chip, as well as lengthened syllables.
Although not well studied in this species, other chipmunks are known to use visual communication, such as tail positioning and body posture. Tactile communication is also important during courtship and mating, as well as in the natal burrow. It is reasonable to assume that Panamint chipmunks are similar to other members of the genus in this regard.
Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Panamint chipmunks are primarily granivores, but will consume seeds, fruits, green vegetation, arthropods, lichens, and bark. Fruits consumed are primarily piñon and juniper fruits found in the course of foraging on the ground, in shrubs, and trees. These animals often cache food for future use. If water is available they drink it, but access to free water is not necessary for survival, as enough water is available from the diet.
Animal Foods: carrion ; terrestrial non-insect arthropods
Plant Foods: leaves; wood, bark, or stems; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit
Foraging Behavior: stores or caches food
Primary Diet: herbivore (Granivore )
Tamias panamintinus is found in isolated populations in southeastern California and southwestern Nevada. The species was described from specimens collected from the Panamint Mountains of Death Valley National Park, California. In other parts of California, it occurs on the eastern slope of the southern Sierra Nevada Mountains and in desert ranges such as the Argus, Clark, Granite, Inyo, Kingston, Mescal, Providence, and White mountains. In Nevada, there are records from the Excelsior, Grapevine, Silver Peak, Spring, Sweetwater, and Wassuk, Wabuska mountain ranges.
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )
The longevity of these animals has not been reported. However, it is likely to be similar to that seen in other members of the genus Tamias. As such, it is not likely to exceed 8 years, and is likely to be shorter.
Panamint chipmunks are medium sized chipmunks with the total body length of females averaging 118.6 mm and that of males averaging 117.9 mm. Females are slightly larger than males, as is the case with other species of chipmunk. Weights are between 74 and 105 g.
During summer, pelage coloration is bright tawny with the anterior gray; whereas in the winter the fur is long and silky, with yellowish coloration and faded markings. The top of the head is light gray, with reduced dark facial stripes. The dorsal stripes are dark except for the middle stripe, which is usually brown; the outer stripes are similar in coloration to the body.
There are two subspecies described, T. panamintinus panamintinus, and T. panamintinus acrus. The larger of the subspecies is T. p. panamintinus. The colors of T. p. panamintinus are paler, with tawny sides, and grayer at the crown of the head, whereas T. p. acrus has sides that are brown in color. The skull of T. p. acrus is smaller mainly in the width and depth of the brain case; a shorter, narrower, and more pointed rostrum. Tamias panamintinus panamintinus has larger orbitals and a brain case that is longer posteriorly.
Panamint chipmunks share their habitat with other species of chipmunks. Tamias minimus, Tamias umbinus, and Tamias palmeri are commonly found in the same areas as T. panamintinus. However, the species are fairly easily distinguished.
Tamias minimus is small to medium in size, with a rostrum that is short and stout. Its coloration is varied, depending on the subspecies; the baculum is thin in the shaft and at the base.
Tamias umbrinus is medium to large with dark tones on the upper part of the body with a medium sized skull and a narrow braincase. The baculum is thick and short in the shaft with a widened base.
Tamias palmeri has grayish to tawny tones on the upper part of the body, a pale ocular stripe, with a shorter skull, rostrum, nasal, and upper incisors than T. umbrinus. The baculum is undistinguishable from the baculum of T. umbrinus.
Based on molecular data from the mitochondrial DNA of T. panamintinus, it is likely that Panamint chipmunks are most closely related to Tamias quadrimaculatus and T. minimus.
Like many chipmunks, these animals are not active above ground on cold winter days. They are assumed to hibernate. Because of this, they should be considered heterothermic. However, because when they are active, as well as torpid, they maintain a constant body temperature. This makes them homoiothermic. Like all mammals, T. panamintinus is endothermic.
Range mass: 74 to 105 g.
Average mass: 90 g.
Range length: 85 to 240 mm.
Average length: 163 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; heterothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: female larger
Typical chipmunk predators are raptors, weasels, coyotes, bobcats, and foxes. As members of the Order Rodentia, they are considered a vital part of the food chain. Although details for T. panamintinus are not available, it is likely that their predators are similar to those of other species in the area.
Known Predators:
Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic
Details on the reproductive habits of Panamint chipmunks are scant. If they are like other members of their genus, they are probably polygynous.
Panamint chipmunks breed from March to May. Gestation is about 36 days in this species. Young are typically born in late May to June. Litters usually range in size from 3 to 9 young, although a litter size of 4 to 6 young is more typical. Weaning occurs around the age of 5 weeks.
As in other chipmunks, the young are able to reproduce in the breeding season following their birth. In other species of chipmunks, young usally enter hibernation alone, and so are independent by the end of their first summer. It is likely that this species is similar.
Breeding interval: These animals breed once annually.
Breeding season: Mating occurs from March to May.
Range number of offspring: 3 to 9.
Average gestation period: 36 days.
Average weaning age: 5 weeks.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 10 months.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 10 months.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; viviparous
Mothers care for their young in a nest located in a burrow. Maternal care extends from birth until shortly after weaning. During this period, the young go from being hairless, with eyes and ears shut, to fully-functional miniature adults. The mother provides her young with food and protection. Males are not known to engage in parental care.
Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female)
Neotamias panamintinus ye una especie de royedor de la familia Sciuridae.
Tamias panamintus, Merriam, 1893
Ye n'endemismu de los desiertos de monte, de les zones del sureste de California y el suroeste de Nevada nos Estaos Xuníos.
L'esquirol llistat de Panamint (Neotamias panamintinus) és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels esciúrids. És endèmic del sud-oest dels Estats Units,
a Califòrnia i Nevada, on viu a altituds d'entre 1.230 i 3.180 msnm. S'alimenta de llavors, fruita, fòrbies primaverals i artròpodes que busca a terra i als arbres petits. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.[1]
L'esquirol llistat de Panamint (Neotamias panamintinus) és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels esciúrids. És endèmic del sud-oest dels Estats Units,
a Califòrnia i Nevada, on viu a altituds d'entre 1.230 i 3.180 msnm. S'alimenta de llavors, fruita, fòrbies primaverals i artròpodes que busca a terra i als arbres petits. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.
Das Panamint-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias panamintinus, Syn.: Neotamias panamintinus) ist eine Hörnchenart aus der Gattung der Streifenhörnchen (Tamias). Es kommt im Südwesten von Nevada und im Südosten von Kalifornien vor.
Das Panamint-Streifenhörnchen erreicht eine durchschnittliche Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von etwa 10,7 bis 11,9 Zentimetern, die Schwanzlänge beträgt etwa 8,7 bis 9,1 Zentimeter und das Gewicht etwa 54 Gramm. Die Rückenfarbe ist Braun bis Dunkelbraun, die Schultern sind Grau und der Bauch ist blass gefärbt. Wie bei anderen Arten der Gattung ist das Fell braun und auf dem Rücken befinden sich mehrere dunkle Rückenstreifen, die durch hellere Streifen getrennt und gegenüber den Körperseiten abgegrenzt sind. Es entspricht in der Größe dem Gelben Fichtenstreifenhörnchen (Tamias amoenus), hat jedoch kleinere Füße und Ohren sowie ein blasseres Fell mit helleren Streifen und einen etwas breiteren Schädel. Verglichen mit dem Kleinen Streifenhörnchen (Tamias minimus) ist es etwas rötlicher gefärbt und im Vergleich zum teilweise sympatrisch vorkommenden Palmer-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias palmeri) ist es etwas kleiner.[1]
Das Panamint-Streifenhörnchen kommt in den Bergregionen im Südwesten von Nevada und im Südosten von Kalifornien vor.[1][2]
Panamint-Streifenhörnchen leben in den Höhenlagen von etwa 1230 bis 3180 Metern in Teilen des Großen Beckens.[1] Die Vegetation kann unterschiedlich sein, ist jedoch größtenteils durch Kiefern- und Wacholder-Bestände geprägt, in höheren Lagen kommen zunehmend Biegsame Kiefern (Pinus flexilis) und Grannen-Kiefern (Pinus aristata) hinzu.[1]
Die Art ist tagaktiv und primär bodenlebend und bevorzugt Felsböden und -spalten, kann jedoch auch in Bäume und Gebüsche klettern. Die Tiere ernähren sich vor allem herbivor von Samen und Früchten, den Hauptbestandteil der Nahrung stellen Wacholderfrüchte und Kiefernsamen dar. Hinzu kommen Blüten und andere Pflanzenteile sowie Insekten als ergänzende Nahrung.[1] Die Hörnchen überwintern, können jedoch an milden Wintertagen aktiv sein und erwachen bereits sehr früh im Jahr wieder.[1]
Im größten Teil des Verbreitungsgebietes kommt die Art sympatrisch mit anderen Streifenhörnchen wie dem Gelben Fichtenstreifenhörnchen (Tamias amoenus), dem Kleinen Streifenhörnchen (Tamias minimus), dem Merriam-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias merriami), dem Lodgepole-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias speciosus) und dem Uinta-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias umbrinus) vor, in den Spring Mountains Südwesten von Nevada lebt die Art sympatrisch mit dem Palmer-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias palmeri), das allerdings in der Regel höhere Höhenlagen bevorzugt.[1] In Gebieten, in denen diese beide Arten vorkommen, verdrängt das konkurrenzstärkere Palmer-Streifenhörnchen das Panamint-Streifenhörnchen aus für beide nutzbaren Mischwaldhabitaten in felsige Randgebiete, die nur von diesem genutzt werden können.[3]
Das Panamint-Streifenhörnchen wird als eigenständige Art innerhalb der Gattung der Streifenhörnchen (Tamias) eingeordnet, die aus 25 Arten besteht.[4] Die wissenschaftliche Erstbeschreibung stammt von dem amerikanischen Naturforscher Clinton Hart Merriam aus dem Jahr 1893, der es anhand von Individuen aus dem Panamint Range in Kalifornien beschrieb.[4][5] Innerhalb der Streifenhörnchen wird das Panamint-Streifenhörnchen gemeinsam mit den meisten anderen Arten der Untergattung Neotamias zugeordnet, die auch als eigenständige Gattung diskutiert wird.[6]
Innerhalb der Art werden mit der Nominatform zwei Unterarten unterschieden:[1]
Das Panamint-Streifenhörnchen wird von der International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) als „nicht gefährdet“ (Least Concern, LC) eingestuft. Begründet wird dies durch das relativ große Verbreitungsgebiet von mehr als 20.000 km2 und das regelmäßige Vorkommen, bestandsgefährdende Risiken sind nicht bekannt.[2]
Das Panamint-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias panamintinus, Syn.: Neotamias panamintinus) ist eine Hörnchenart aus der Gattung der Streifenhörnchen (Tamias). Es kommt im Südwesten von Nevada und im Südosten von Kalifornien vor.
The Panamint chipmunk (Neotamias panamintinus) is a species of rodent in the squirrel family, Sciuridae. It is endemic to desert mountain areas of southeast California and southwest Nevada in the United States.[1]
It is considered a species of least concern on the IUCN Red List due to its broad range, prevalence, and no known major threats.[1] The Panamint chipmunk occurs in pinyon pine-juniper woodlands in bushes, boulders, and on cliffs.[1]
Environmentally, the Panamint chipmunks are a prey species that contributes to the diets of their predators, including birds, raptors, coyotes, foxes, and bobcats.[2]
The Panamint chipmunk (Neotamias panamintinus) is a species of rodent in the squirrel family, Sciuridae. It is endemic to desert mountain areas of southeast California and southwest Nevada in the United States.
It is considered a species of least concern on the IUCN Red List due to its broad range, prevalence, and no known major threats. The Panamint chipmunk occurs in pinyon pine-juniper woodlands in bushes, boulders, and on cliffs.
Environmentally, the Panamint chipmunks are a prey species that contributes to the diets of their predators, including birds, raptors, coyotes, foxes, and bobcats.
Neotamias panamintinus es una especie de roedor de la familia Sciuridae.
Es endémica de los desierto de montaña, de las zonas del sureste de California y el suroeste de Nevada en los Estados Unidos.
Datos: Q1764487
Multimedia:
Especies: Tamias panamintinus
Tamias panamintinus Tamias generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Xerinae azpifamilia eta Sciuridae familian sailkatuta dago.
Tamias panamintinus on maaoravien sukuun kuuluva jyrsijä, joka esiintyy kotoperäisenä kaakkoisen Kalifornian ja lounaisen Nevadan vuoristoalueilla, Yhdysvalloissa.[1]
Tamias panamintinus on maaoravien sukuun kuuluva jyrsijä, joka esiintyy kotoperäisenä kaakkoisen Kalifornian ja lounaisen Nevadan vuoristoalueilla, Yhdysvalloissa.
De panamintchipmunk (Tamias panamintinus) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de eekhoorns (Sciuridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Clinton Hart Merriam in 1893. De soort is vernoemd naar de vindplaats, Johnson Cañon in de Panamint Range in Californië.[2]
De soort komt voor in de Verenigde Staten.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesDe panamintchipmunk (Tamias panamintinus) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de eekhoorns (Sciuridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Clinton Hart Merriam in 1893. De soort is vernoemd naar de vindplaats, Johnson Cañon in de Panamint Range in Californië.
Tamias panamintinus[2][3][4][5][6][7] är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Clinton Hart Merriam 1893. Den ingår i släktet jordekorrar och familjen ekorrar.[8][9] Arten förekommer i bergen i västra USA.
Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life,[8] medan bland andra Wilson och Reeder listar två underarter:[10][5]
Sommarpälsen är brungul med grå bakdel. Längs rygg och sidor går mörka strimmor; mittstrimman är ljusare, brunaktig. Hjässan är ljusgrå, och huvudet har korta, mörka strimmor. Vinterpälsen är längre, mjukare, gulare och med otydligare strimmor. Underarten T. panamintinus acrus är mindre, och med mera brunaktiga sidor. Huvudet är också något kortare än hos T. panamintinus panamintinus. Hanens medellängd är 11,8 cm, honans 11,9 cm. Vikten ligger mellan 74 och 105 g.[10]
Arten lever i bergsskogar med tall och en på höjder mellan 1 230 och 3 180 m. Den föredrar habitat med tunt jordtäcke på en grund av granitklippor och med buskage, stenar, klippor och omkullfallna trädstammar den kan söka skydd under. Den tål varmare och torrare lokalklimat än andra jordekorrar, även om den under sommaren söker skydd under klipputsprång under den varmaste tiden på dagen.[1][10] Den föredrar att äta sin föda från utsiktspunkter i terrängen med klar sikt. Arten förefaller inte sova vintersöämn, åtminstone inte under längre perioder: Den kan ofta ses i det fria under milda vinterdagar. Däremot lägger den upp matförråd under vintern som de flesta jordekorrar. Likt alla jordekorrar hävdar arten revir, som skyddas speciellt aggressivt under parningstiden.[10]
Stapelfödan utgörs av frön, men arten äter även frukter (inte minst enbär), gröna växtdelar, lavar, bark och leddjur. Även as kan förtäras. Den dricker vatten om den har tillgång till det, men detta är inte nödvändigt, eftersom vattenbehovet täcks av födan.[10]
Själv utgör arten föda åt prärievarg, rödlo, vesslor, rävar och falkfåglar.[10]
Inte mycket är känt om artens parningsförhållanden. Den leker mellan mars och maj; efter omkring 36 dygns dräktighet föder honan under sena maj till juni mellan 3 och 9 ungar (vanligen 4 till 6), som dias i omkring 5 veckor. De blir sannolikt könsmogna i tid för nästa års parningssäsong.[10]
Utbredningsområdet utgörs av bergen i sydöstra Kalifornien och sydvästra Nevada i USA.[1]
IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig, och populationen är stabil. Inga hot är listade.[1]
Wikispecies har information om Tamias panamintinus.
Tamias panamintinus är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Clinton Hart Merriam 1893. Den ingår i släktet jordekorrar och familjen ekorrar. Arten förekommer i bergen i västra USA.
Tamias panamintinus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Sóc, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Merriam mô tả năm 1893.[2]
Tamias panamintinus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Sóc, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Merriam mô tả năm 1893.
파나민트다람쥐(Neotamias panamintinus)는 다람쥐과에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다.[2] 미국 캘리포니아주 남동부와 네바다주 남서부의 사막 산악 지대에서 발견된다.[1][3]
2종의 아종이 알려져 있다.[2]
