dcsimg

Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

fornecido por AnAge articles
Maximum longevity: 33.9 years (captivity)
licença
cc-by-3.0
direitos autorais
Joao Pedro de Magalhaes
editor
de Magalhaes, J. P.
site do parceiro
AnAge articles

Conservation Status ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

There is very little information about the status of dusky leaf monkeys. I found no published estimates of how many monkeys currently exist.

Dusky leaf monkeys are confined within a relatively small area of southeast Asia. It is probable that these forested areas are under threat of development or logging. Therefore, there is reason to believe that the species is threatened to some extent because of habitat loss, but there are no studies to support this.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: appendix ii

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: near threatened

licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Viswanathan, L. 2002. "Trachypithecus obscurus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_obscurus.html
autor
Lata Viswanathan, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Associations ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Information on predation of these monkeys is not available. Because they are arboreal, it is likely that they do not have many predators. Possible predators are large carnivores, snakes, and raptors.

licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Viswanathan, L. 2002. "Trachypithecus obscurus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_obscurus.html
autor
Lata Viswanathan, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Morphology ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Dusky leaf monkeys are widely variable in color. Their upper parts may be any shade of brown, grey, or black, whereas the under parts, hind legs, and tail are paler. The face is grey and is often marked with a patch of white fur located around the eyes and mouth.

The hands and feet are capable of grasping and closely resemble those of humans. The palms and soles are hairless and usually black. The fingers of dusky leaf monkeys are well developed, but are distinct because of their opposable thumb. The nonprehensile tail varies in length and fur coverage from short and hairless, to long and hairy.

Head and body length ranges from 42 to 61 cm, and tail length from 50 to 85 cm. There are no significant morphological differences between males and females except that males tend to be slightly larger and heavier than females. On average, a healthy adult male weighs 7.4 kg, whereas a healthy adult female weighs approximately 6.5 kg.

Newly born dusky leaf monkeys are bright yellow or orange in color, and have a pink face; the fur changes to a greyish color within six months.

Range mass: 5 to 9 kg.

Range length: 42 to 61 cm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Viswanathan, L. 2002. "Trachypithecus obscurus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_obscurus.html
autor
Lata Viswanathan, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Life Expectancy ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Another monkey in the same genus, Trachypithecus cristatus, is reported to have lived over 31 years in captivity. It is likely that T. obscurus is similar. Lifespan in the wild is probably lower than in captivity.

Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
25.0 years.

Average lifespan
Sex: female
Status: captivity:
15.3 years.

licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Viswanathan, L. 2002. "Trachypithecus obscurus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_obscurus.html
autor
Lata Viswanathan, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Habitat ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Dusky leaf monkeys can be found in a wide range of habitats. Being arboreal forest dwellers, they prefer dense forests with tall trees.

Terrestrial Biomes: taiga ; forest ; rainforest

licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Viswanathan, L. 2002. "Trachypithecus obscurus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_obscurus.html
autor
Lata Viswanathan, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Distribution ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Dusky leaf monkeys are found primarily on the Malay Peninsula, including southern Burma and parts of Thailand. They also inhabit the islands of Langkawi, Penang, and Perhentian Besar.

Biogeographic Regions: oriental (Native )

licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Viswanathan, L. 2002. "Trachypithecus obscurus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_obscurus.html
autor
Lata Viswanathan, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Trophic Strategy ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

The diet of these monkeys consists of young leaves, shoots, and seedlings. They feed from 87 different species of trees, ingesting both leaves and fruit. In general, a dusky leaf monkey eats up to 2 kg of food per day.

These monkeys can be maintained, in captivity, on sweet potato shoots, lettuce, cabbage, kangkong, grean beans, maize, carrots, and soft fruits. Meat was refused, but certain insects were occasionally accepted.

Plant Foods: leaves; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit; flowers

Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore )

licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Viswanathan, L. 2002. "Trachypithecus obscurus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_obscurus.html
autor
Lata Viswanathan, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Associations ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

These monkeys are likely to be important predators of folliage. They may help to disperse seeds. To the extent that they serve as prey for other species, these monkeys may affect local food webs.

Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds

licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Viswanathan, L. 2002. "Trachypithecus obscurus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_obscurus.html
autor
Lata Viswanathan, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Benefits ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

It is probable that dusky leaf monkeys are hunted for food by the human population, since a large number of primates are hunted as sources of food throughout Asia.

Positive Impacts: food

licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Viswanathan, L. 2002. "Trachypithecus obscurus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_obscurus.html
autor
Lata Viswanathan, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Benefits ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Dusky leaf monkeys are generally restricted to primary forests. Therefore, it is unlikely that they contribute to any serious agricultural (or other) problems that would adversely affect humans.

licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Viswanathan, L. 2002. "Trachypithecus obscurus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_obscurus.html
autor
Lata Viswanathan, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Behavior ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Details on communication in these monkeys are scant. However, we know that they use vocalizations to protect their territories from other members of the species. Like other primates, tactile communication (e.g. grooming, playing, mating, aggression) and visual communication (e.g. facial expressions and body postures) are probably both inmportant in these monkeys.

Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Viswanathan, L. 2002. "Trachypithecus obscurus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_obscurus.html
autor
Lata Viswanathan, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Reproduction ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

There is no information available regarding the mating system of dusky leaf monkeys. However, the social system typically involves groups with only one or two males. In other primate species, this social organization is typically associated with polygynous breeding. It is reasonable to assume that this species is like other similar primates in this respect.

Mating System: polygynous

Breeding in dusky leaf monkeys is intermittent and not always seasonal. Births usually take place during the months of January, February, and March, but have been documented to occur during the summer months as well. Typically one young is born. The gestation period is, on average, 145 days.

Females have a menstual cycle lasting approximately three weeks. Oestrus is often accompanied by a swelling of the genitalia.

The normal interbirth interval is about 2 years.

Sexual maturity is reached between 3 and 4 years of age.

Breeding interval: These monkeys reproduce every two years.

Breeding season: These monkeys breed intermittantly throughout the year.

Range number of offspring: 1 to 2.

Average number of offspring: 1.

Average gestation period: 145 days.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 3 to 4 years.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 3 to 4 years.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; viviparous

Average birth mass: 300 g.

Average gestation period: 145 days.

Average number of offspring: 1.

Research on the parental behavior of these monkeys is lacking. However, we may assume that they are like other primates in that the mother provides the bulk of the parental care. She grooms, protects, and feeds the newborn. The role of the father in parental care is not known.

There is no information available regarding the weaning age of dusky leaf monkeys. It is known, however, that the newborn monkey is fully furred and active.

Parental Investment: precocial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Protecting: Female); extended period of juvenile learning

licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Viswanathan, L. 2002. "Trachypithecus obscurus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_obscurus.html
autor
Lata Viswanathan, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Langur fosc ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

El langur fosc (Trachypithecus obscurus) és una espècie de primat de la família dels cercopitècids. Viu a Malàisia, el sud de Myanmar i el sud-oest de Tailàndia. El seu hàbitat natural són els boscos primaris, però també se'l troba a boscos secundaris i pertorbats, zones urbanes i parcs. Està amenaçat per la caça, la destrucció d'hàbitat i (a la Malàisia Peninsular) els atropellaments.[1]

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Langur fosc Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
  1. Boonratana, R.; Traeholt, C.; Brockelmann, W.; Htun, S.. Trachypithecus obscurus. UICN 2008. Llista Vermella d'espècies amenaçades de la UICN, edició 2008, consultada el 4 gener 2009.


licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autors i editors de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia CA

Langur fosc: Brief Summary ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

El langur fosc (Trachypithecus obscurus) és una espècie de primat de la família dels cercopitècids. Viu a Malàisia, el sud de Myanmar i el sud-oest de Tailàndia. El seu hàbitat natural són els boscos primaris, però també se'l troba a boscos secundaris i pertorbats, zones urbanes i parcs. Està amenaçat per la caça, la destrucció d'hàbitat i (a la Malàisia Peninsular) els atropellaments.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autors i editors de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia CA

Hulman tmavý ( Checo )

fornecido por wikipedia CZ
ikona
Tento článek není dostatečně ozdrojován a může tedy obsahovat informace, které je třeba ověřit.
Jste-li s popisovaným předmětem seznámeni, pomozte doložit uvedená tvrzení doplněním referencí na věrohodné zdroje.

Hulman tmavý (Trachypithecus obscurus) je primát z čeledi kočkodanovití. Vyskytuje se v jihovýchodní Asii (Indie, Bangladéš, Myanmar, Thajsko, Laos, Malajsie).

Popis

Je velký 56 cm. Ocas má delší než trup. Váží nanejvýš 9 kg a je neobyčejně hbitý a rychlý. Běhá po čtyřech a do dálky skáče až 10 m. Jeho mláďata jsou v mládí oranžová a později tmavnou. Hulman se vyznačuje svými bílými ,,brýlemi" kolem očí, lysým objyčejem a dlouhou zježenou srstí kolem hlavy. Hulmani se živí plody a listím. Žijí ve skupinách, které vede starý a zkušený samec. Na jednoho samce obvykle připadají dvě samice. Když se narodí mládě pečují o něj a jeho matku všechny dospělé samice a nejednou dochází ke rvačkám, když příliš horlivá „tetička"“ matce mládě uloupí.

Reference

  1. Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-11]

Externí odkazy

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia autoři a editory
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia CZ

Hulman tmavý: Brief Summary ( Checo )

fornecido por wikipedia CZ
ikona Tento článek není dostatečně ozdrojován a může tedy obsahovat informace, které je třeba ověřit.
Jste-li s popisovaným předmětem seznámeni, pomozte doložit uvedená tvrzení doplněním referencí na věrohodné zdroje.

Hulman tmavý (Trachypithecus obscurus) je primát z čeledi kočkodanovití. Vyskytuje se v jihovýchodní Asii (Indie, Bangladéš, Myanmar, Thajsko, Laos, Malajsie).

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia autoři a editory
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia CZ

Südlicher Brillenlangur ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE
 src=
Südlicher Brillenlangur

Der Südliche Brillenlangur (Trachypithecus obscurus) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Schlankaffen (Presbytini).

Merkmale

Südliche Brillenlanguren sind wie alle Haubenlanguren schlanke Primaten mit langem Schwanz. Die Kopfrumpflänge beträgt 42 bis 61 Zentimeter und die Schwanzlänge 50 bis 85 Zentimeter. Männchen werden mit durchschnittlich 7,4 Kilogramm etwas schwerer als Weibchen mit 6,5 Kilogramm. Die Fellfärbung ist variabel, der Rücken kann bräunlich, grau oder schwarz gefärbt sein, der Bauch, die Hinterbeine und der Schwanz sind meist heller, die Hände und Füße sind dunkelgrau. Das Gesicht ist dunkelgrau, rund um die Augen befinden sich die namensgebenden runden, weißlichen Zeichnungen. Auch der Bereich um das Maul ist heller gefärbt, am Kopf weisen sie den für ihre Gattung typischen Haarschopf auf.

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet des Südlichen Brillenlanguren

Südliche Brillenlanguren sind auf der Malaiischen Halbinsel sowie einigen vorgelagerten Inseln beheimatet, ihr Verbreitungsgebiet erstreckt sich vom südlichen Myanmar und Thailand bis Malaysia. Ihr Lebensraum sind Wälder, wobei sie höher gelegene Primär- und Sekundärwälder bevorzugen.

Lebensweise

Diese Primaten sind tagaktive Baumbewohner, die sich meist in den oberen Schichten der Bäume aufhalten. Sie bewegen sich vorwiegend auf allen vieren fort und springen verglichen mit anderen Primatenarten wenig. Sie leben in Gruppen von 5 bis 20 Tieren, die im Gegensatz zu den meisten anderen Haubenlanguren keine Haremsgruppen sein müssen, sondern auch Mehrmännergruppen sein können. Zur Nahrungssuche teilen sich die Gruppen oft in kleinere Untergruppen auf. Es sind territoriale Tiere, die Reviergröße umfasst 5 bis 12 Hektar.

Sie ernähren sich vorwiegend von Blättern, daneben auch von Früchten und Blüten. Wie alle Schlankaffen haben sie einen mehrkammerigen Magen zur besseren Verwertung der schwer verdaulichen Pflanzennahrung.

Die Paarung kann vermutlich das ganze Jahr über erfolgen. Nach einer rund fünfmonatigen Tragzeit bringt das Weibchen meist ein einzelnes Jungtier zur Welt, das wie bei allen Haubenlanguren zunächst orangefarben gefärbt ist. Mit rund drei bis vier Jahren tritt die Geschlechtsreife ein.

Systematik

Der Südliche Brillenlangur bildet zusammen mit dem Phayre-Brillenlangur, dem Shan-Staaten-Brillenlangur, dem Popa-Langur, dem Indochina-Brillenlangur und dem Tenasserim-Langur die obscurus-Gruppe innerhalb der Gattung der Haubenlanguren. Es werden sieben Unterarten unterschieden. Die Nominatform T. o. obscurus kommt auf der Malaiischen Halbinsel vor, die übrigen haben kleinere Verbreitungsgebiete, meist auf den Inseln vor den Küsten der Malaiischen Halbinsel. T. o. carbo kommt auf Pulau Langkawi vor, das Verbreitungsgebiet von T. o. flavicauda reicht von den Inseln Kisseraing, James- und King im Mergui-Archipel, über die Umgebung des Khao Lak und erstreckt sich im Süden bis Perlis, T. o. halonifer lebt auf Penang, T. o. sanctorum kommt im Mergui-Archipel vor, T. o. seimundi lebt auf Ko Pha-ngan und T. o. styx auf den Perhentian-Inseln.[1]

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. D. Zinner, G. H. Fickenscher & C. Roos: Family Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys). Seite 747 in Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson: Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Primates: 3. ISBN 978-8496553897
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia DE

Südlicher Brillenlangur: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE
 src= Südlicher Brillenlangur

Der Südliche Brillenlangur (Trachypithecus obscurus) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Schlankaffen (Presbytini).

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia DE

மங்கிய இலைக் குரங்கு ( Tâmil )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

மங்கிய இலைக் குரங்கு (கண்ணாடி இலைக் குரங்கு; Dusky leaf monkey or spectacled leaf monkey) இந்த வகையான குரங்குகள் பாலூட்டிகள் இனத்தைச்சேர்ந்ததாகும். இவை ஒரு மூதாதயர் வகையைச்சேர்ந்தது.[2] இவை மலேசியா, பர்மா, தாய்லாந்து, மற்றும் இந்தியாவில் மேற்கு வங்கம், திரிபுரா காடுகளில் காணப்படுகின்றன. இவை அதிகமாக வேட்டையாடப்பட்டு அழியும் நிலையில் உள்ளது. இவற்றில் பல இனக்குழுக்கள் கொண்டுள்ளன. அவை :[1]

  • Trachypithecus obscurus obscurus
  • Trachypithecus obscurus flavicauda
  • Trachypithecus obscurus halonifer
  • Trachypithecus obscurus carbo
  • Trachypithecus obscurus styx
  • Trachypithecus obscurus seimundi
  • Trachypithecus obscurus sactorum

மங்கிய இலைக் குரங்கு

மேற்கோள்கள்

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
விக்கிபீடியா ஆசிரியர்கள் மற்றும் ஆசிரியர்கள்
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia emerging languages

மங்கிய இலைக் குரங்கு: Brief Summary ( Tâmil )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

மங்கிய இலைக் குரங்கு (கண்ணாடி இலைக் குரங்கு; Dusky leaf monkey or spectacled leaf monkey) இந்த வகையான குரங்குகள் பாலூட்டிகள் இனத்தைச்சேர்ந்ததாகும். இவை ஒரு மூதாதயர் வகையைச்சேர்ந்தது. இவை மலேசியா, பர்மா, தாய்லாந்து, மற்றும் இந்தியாவில் மேற்கு வங்கம், திரிபுரா காடுகளில் காணப்படுகின்றன. இவை அதிகமாக வேட்டையாடப்பட்டு அழியும் நிலையில் உள்ளது. இவற்றில் பல இனக்குழுக்கள் கொண்டுள்ளன. அவை :

Trachypithecus obscurus obscurus Trachypithecus obscurus flavicauda Trachypithecus obscurus halonifer Trachypithecus obscurus carbo Trachypithecus obscurus styx Trachypithecus obscurus seimundi Trachypithecus obscurus sactorum
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
விக்கிபீடியா ஆசிரியர்கள் மற்றும் ஆசிரியர்கள்
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia emerging languages

မျောက်မျက်ကွင်းဖြူ ( Birmanês )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

မျောက်မျက်ကွင်းဖြူသည် ဆာကိုပီသီစီဒေးမျိုးရင်းတွင် ပါဝင်သော မျောက်တစ်မျိုး ဖြစ်သည်။သိပ္ပံအမည်မှာ ထရာချီပီသီးကပ်စ် အော့စကူးရပ် ဖြစ်သည်။ ထိုင်းနိုင်ငံနှင့် မလေးရှားနိုင်ငံတို့တွင် တွေ့ရသည်။

မျောက်မျက်ကွင်းဖြူသည် မျက်လုံးနှစ်လုံးတွင် အကွင်းများ ပါရှိပြီး ပါးစပ်တွင်လည်း ဖြူနေပါသည်။

၂ နှစ်မှ ၃ နှစ်တွင် အရွယ်ရောက်ပြီး ၁၄၀ မှ ၁၅၀ ရက် အထိ ကိုယ်ဝန်ဆောင်သည်။ သက်တမ်းမှာ ၁၀ နှစ် ဖြစ်သည်။

ကိုးကား

  1. Groves, C.P. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 177. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494
  2. Boonratana, R., Traeholt, C., Brockelmann, W. & Htun, S. (2008). Trachypithecus obscurus. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 4 January 2009.
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
ဝီကီပီးဒီးယားစာရေးသူများနှင့်အယ်ဒီတာများ
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia emerging languages

မျောက်မျက်ကွင်းဖြူ: Brief Summary ( Birmanês )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

မျောက်မျက်ကွင်းဖြူသည် ဆာကိုပီသီစီဒေးမျိုးရင်းတွင် ပါဝင်သော မျောက်တစ်မျိုး ဖြစ်သည်။သိပ္ပံအမည်မှာ ထရာချီပီသီးကပ်စ် အော့စကူးရပ် ဖြစ်သည်။ ထိုင်းနိုင်ငံနှင့် မလေးရှားနိုင်ငံတို့တွင် တွေ့ရသည်။

မျောက်မျက်ကွင်းဖြူသည် မျက်လုံးနှစ်လုံးတွင် အကွင်းများ ပါရှိပြီး ပါးစပ်တွင်လည်း ဖြူနေပါသည်။

၂ နှစ်မှ ၃ နှစ်တွင် အရွယ်ရောက်ပြီး ၁၄၀ မှ ၁၅၀ ရက် အထိ ကိုယ်ဝန်ဆောင်သည်။ သက်တမ်းမှာ ၁၀ နှစ် ဖြစ်သည်။

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
ဝီကီပီးဒီးယားစာရေးသူများနှင့်အယ်ဒီတာများ
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia emerging languages

Dusky leaf monkey ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The dusky leaf monkey (Trachypithecus obscurus), also known as the spectacled langur, or the spectacled leaf monkey is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. It is found in Peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar and Thailand,[2] and can occasionally be found in Singapore.[3] During the day, these small, folivorous primates divide in sub-groups and forage for vegetation and fruit throughout the tropical forests.[4][5] According to the IUCN, the dusky leaf monkey's population is declining due to habitat loss, poaching, and anthropogenic land use, which prompted the IUCN to classify the species as endangered in 2015.[2]

Taxonomy

Within the Cercopithecidae family, the dusky leaf monkey is a member of the lutung taxonomic group. Although most researchers agree with this classification, others believe that this primate should be categorized under the genus Presbytis.[6][7] Researchers have also disputed the number of subspecies that exist, with some claiming that there are 11,[8] while others claim there are seven. Currently, the following seven subspecies are officially recognized:[4][9][10]

  • Trachypithecus obscurus obscurus
  • Trachypithecus obscurus flavicauda
  • Trachypithecus obscurus halonifer
  • Trachypithecus obscurus carbo
  • Trachypithecus obscurus styx
  • Trachypithecus obscurus seimundi
  • Trachypithecus obscurus sanctorum[4][9][10]

Description

The dusky leaf monkey can appear in different colour variations, depending on the sub-species. While dusky leaf monkeys are born with an orange coat, the colour of their fur changes as they mature into adulthood.[3] Along the abdominal area, their fur is often several shades lighter than that of their dorsal area, which can develop in shades of brown, black, or grey. Surrounding their eyes are circular patterns of bright white fur.[8][11][12]

The dusky leaf monkey is a rather small primate. In a study conducted by G. J Burton, the average weight of the 25 male dusky leaf monkeys that were sampled was 7.39 kilograms, while that of the 44 female dusky leaf monkeys that were sampled was 6.47 kilograms. These results suggest that dusky leaf monkeys are sexually dimorphic species, as the females were found to be, on average, 12% smaller than the males sampled. Burton's study also revealed that, among the 25 male primates, there was a direct correlation with the weight of one testicle with the weight of the other, suggesting that one testicle may be used to estimate the weight of the other. However, the female ovaries were found to not be statistically significant enough to predict the weight of one ovary with the other.[13]

Distribution

While the dusky leaf monkey's fur can develop into shades of grey, brown, or black, they are born with an orange coat.

The dusky leaf monkey can be found across Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand, where they inhabit tropical forests.[2] However, these primates have occasionally been spotted in Singapore. Research conducted within the country between 2019 and 2020 revealed that three dusky leaf monkey individuals were located in August 2019 within the northern region of the island, near the body of water that borders Singapore and Malaysia. While dusky leaf monkeys are not native to the region, researchers speculate that they are able to swim to the country. Researchers are concerned about these migratory patterns because these foreign primates can increase competition for resources, such as vegetation, and transfer diseases and pathogens to other native species that are not equipped to recover from them.[3]

Behaviour and Diet

Dusky leaf monkeys feed in the emergent and canopy layers.

Numerous activity budgets have been conducted across Malaysia to study the behavioural patterns of the dusky leaf monkey. For instance, one activity budget conducted in 2016 with 12,480 primates in Teluk Bahang, Malaysia, found that, within the eight-month period, dusky leaf monkeys spent 40% of their time positioning, 33% of their time feeding, and 20% of their day moving. The sampled primates also allocated their time allo-grooming (4%), playing (2%), and foraging (1%).[14] Ten years prior, another activity budget with 18 dusky leaf monkeys was conducted at the Penang Botanical Garden, which is also located in Malaysia. Researchers at the University of Kebangsaan concluded that, within 18 days, the dusky leaf monkeys that were sampled spent 40% of their day eating, almost 24% of their day resting, and approximately 22.5% of their time moving. The dusky leaf monkeys also allocated time for autogrooming (6.52%) and allo-grooming (1.33%), among other behaviours. However, a more recent study conducted in Malaysia from November 2017 to February 2018 in Bukit Soga Perdana, a forested area that is heavily influenced by industrial activity, concluded that the dusky leaf monkeys sampled spent the majority of their days moving, although these results were skewed due to unfavourable weather conditions that occurred during observations.[8]

Dusky leaf monkeys live in troops that separate into sub-groups while scavenging for food. They tend to consume leaves growing at higher elevations in the forest canopy. They often rest at these high elevations to feed on their foraged vegetation.[15][8] Fruit availability is season-dependent, and although research suggests that the dusky leaf monkey consumes more vegetation that fruit, it prefers to eat fruit when it is available.[5]

Research suggests that hostile behaviour within troops does not occur often. A study conducted in 1996 by researchers at the University of St. Andrews revealed that, after a group of dusky leaf monkeys engage in aggressive behaviour, conflict resolution occurs more frequently and much faster afterwards than within other primate species. In fact, reconciliation among dusky leaf monkeys can occur as quickly as 60 seconds after fighting, and can be instigated by either the aggressor or the receiver through gestures such as embracing.[16]

Mating

In another study conducted by Burton, 44 male dusky leaf-monkeys were sampled and the seminiferous tubules within each gonadal were observed. Burton concluded that the seminiferous tubules within each gonadal remained the same size throughout the year, and that there was no evidence of seasonal variation in testicular weight. This reveals that the male dusky leaf monkey does not have a seasonal mating period and are able to reproduce throughout the year. Burton suggests that this may be the case due to the continuous, warm climates experienced within Southeast Asia, as the mating period for many seasonal breeders occurs during warming climates.[17]

Status and Conservation

As of 2015, the dusky leaf monkey is listed as an endangered species in the IUCN Red List. Notably, anthropogenic land-use within Southeast Asian forests have resulted in the endangerment of the dusky leaf monkey's natural habitat, resulting in noticeable population declines.[18][8] However, the dusky leaf monkey also faces other threats brought on through anthropogenic activities and the introduction of predators within their habitat. Notably, domesticated dog packs have been reported to hunt and kill the dusky leaf monkey.[19] The construction of roads within tropical forests has led to a large increase in road mortality among dusky leaf monkeys, and is seen to be one of the more prominent threats to the dusky leafy monkey's survival, along with habitat loss, habitat degradation, and poaching.[20][18] While the dusky leaf monkey is often killed for their meat,[2] there are other incentives to poach them as well, as they are considered agricultural pests across Southeast Asia.[4] In the 1960s, this prompted Malaysian business owners to shoot them as they were feeding on leaves within rubber plantations.[13][17] Infant dusky leaf monkeys are also hunted and sold as pets internationally. However, when owners attempt to domesticate these primates, they are often not properly cared for and die as a result.[3]

Collective action is being taken to help conserve the dusky leaf monkey. In 1977, the dusky leaf-monkey had been introduced and listed under appendix II in the CITES legislation.[21] Species under appendix II are considered to be near threatened or endangered. The trade of appendix II species is heavily regulated, and often illegal.[22]

Gallery

References

  1. ^ Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 177. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ a b c d e Boonratana, R.; Ang, A.; Traeholt, C.; Thant, N.M.L. (2020). "Trachypithecus obscurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22039A17960562. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22039A17960562.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d Ang, A.; Jabbar, S.; Khoo, M. (2020). "Dusky Langurs Trachypithecus obscurus (Reid, 1837) (Primates: Cercopithecidae) in Singapore: potential origin and conflicts with native primate species". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 12 (9): 15967–15974. doi:10.11609/jott.5818.12.9.15967-15974. S2CID 225650126.
  4. ^ a b c d Nor Rahman Aifat; Muhammad Abu Bakar Abdul-Latiff; Christian Roos; Badrul Munir Md-Zain (2020). "Taxonomic Revision and Evolutionary Phylogeography of Dusky Langur (Trachypithecus obscurus) in Peninsular Malaysia". Zoological Studies. 59 (59): 2–11. doi:10.6620/ZS.2020.59-64. PMC 8181166. PMID 34140981.
  5. ^ a b Ruslin, Farhani; Matsuda, Ikki; Md-Zain, Badrul Munir (2019-01-01). "The feeding ecology and dietary overlap in two sympatric primate species, the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) and dusky langur (Trachypithecus obscurus obscurus), in Malaysia". Primates. 60 (1): 41–50. doi:10.1007/s10329-018-00705-w. ISSN 1610-7365. PMID 30564972. S2CID 56170185.
  6. ^ Napier, John Russell; Napier, P. H. (1967). A handbook of living primates: morphology, ecology and behaviour of nonhuman primates. London: Academic. ISBN 0-12-513850-4. OCLC 255860.
  7. ^ Thongnetr, Weera; Sangpakdee, Wiwat; Tanomtong, Alongklod; Nie, Wenhui; Raso, Sayam; Pinthong, Krit (2021-11-27). "The chromosomal homology between dusky langur (Trachypithecus obscurus Ried, 1837) and human (Homo sapiens) revealed by chromosome painting". The Nucleus. 65 (2): 233–237. doi:10.1007/s13237-021-00381-0. ISSN 0976-7975. S2CID 244740122.
  8. ^ a b c d e Siti-Kauthar, M.; Najmuddin, M. F.; Md-Zain, B. M.; Abdul-Latiff, M. A. B. (2019). "PrimaTourism: preliminary study on activity budget of dusky leaf monkey Trachypithecus obscurus obscurus in Bukit Soga Perdana, Batu Pahat, Johor". IOP Conference: Series Earth and Environmental Science. 269 (1): 012045. Bibcode:2019E&ES..269a2045S. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/269/1/012045. S2CID 201211018.
  9. ^ a b Don E. Wilson; DeeAnn M. Reeder (2005). Mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4. OCLC 57557352.
  10. ^ a b "Trachypithecus obscurus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  11. ^ Groves, Colin (2001). Primate Taxonomy. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. ISBN 978-1560988724.
  12. ^ Roos C, Boonratana R, Supriatna J, Fellowes JR, Groves CP, Nash SD, Rylands AB, Mittermeier RA (2014). "An updated taxonomy and conservation status review of Asian primates". Asian Primates Journal. 4.
  13. ^ a b Burton, G.J. (1981). "The Relationship Between Body and Gonadal Weights of the Dusky Leaf Monkey (Presbytis obscura)". International Journal of Primatology. 2 (4): 351–368. doi:10.1007/BF02693484. S2CID 42972066.
  14. ^ Yap, J.; Ruppert, N.; Fadzly, N. (2016). Activity patterns and diet of a group of wild dusky leaf monkeys (Trachypithecus obscurus) in Penang, Malaysia. Seminar Ekologi Malaysia.
  15. ^ G. Gene Montgomery (1978). The ecology of arboreal folivores : a symposium held at the Conservation and Research Center, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, May 29-31, 1975. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 0-87474-646-9. OCLC 4004986.
  16. ^ Arnold, K.; Barton, R. (2000). "Postconflict Behavior of Spectacled Leaf Monkeys (Trachypithecus obscurus). I. Reconciliation". International Journal of Primatology. 22 (2): 243–266. doi:10.1023/A:1005623631652. S2CID 7025717 – via ResearchGate.
  17. ^ a b Burton, G. J. (1984). "Testicular histology of the dusky leaf monkey (presbytis obscura) as it relates to birth pattern in Peninsular Malaysia". International Journal of Primatology. 5 (2): 183–195. doi:10.1007/BF02735740. ISSN 0164-0291. S2CID 41458567.
  18. ^ a b Boonratana, Ramesh. "Of road kills and dead langurs. Malaysian Naturalist". CAB Reviews Perspectives in Agriculture Veterinary Science Nutrition and Natural Resources.
  19. ^ MOHD FAUDZIR, N.; Haris, H.; Atiqah Norazlimi, N.; Munir Md Zain, B. "PREDATION OF DOMESTIC DOGS (Canis lupus familiaris) ON SCHLEGEL'S BANDED LANGUR (Presbytis neglectus) AND CRESTED HAWK-EAGLE(Nisaetus cirrhatus) ON DUSKY LEAF MONKEY (Trachypithecus obscurus)IN MALAYSIA". Journal of Sustainability Science and Management. 14 (6): 43.
  20. ^ Lappan, Susan. "Primate Research And Conservation In Malaysia" (PDF). CAB Reviews Perspectives in Agriculture Veterinary Science Nutrition and Natural Resources: 5.
  21. ^ "Species+". speciesplus.net. Retrieved 2022-04-11.
  22. ^ "Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-04-11.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia EN

Dusky leaf monkey: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The dusky leaf monkey (Trachypithecus obscurus), also known as the spectacled langur, or the spectacled leaf monkey is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. It is found in Peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar and Thailand, and can occasionally be found in Singapore. During the day, these small, folivorous primates divide in sub-groups and forage for vegetation and fruit throughout the tropical forests. According to the IUCN, the dusky leaf monkey's population is declining due to habitat loss, poaching, and anthropogenic land use, which prompted the IUCN to classify the species as endangered in 2015.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia EN

Trachypithecus obscurus ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES
 src=
Macho adulto de langur obscuro.

El langur oscuro o langur de anteojos (Trachypithecus obscurus) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae que habita en Malasia, Birmania y Tailandia.[1]

Habita en los bosques y bosques montañosos. Se le ve en la vegetación primaria y secundaria.

De longitud en la cabeza y el cuerpo logra de 42 a 67 cm. La cola mide de 63 a 81 cm. El peso es de 5 a 9 kg.

La alimentación consiste de frutas, hojas y flores

Se reconocen varias subespecies:[2]

  • Trachypithecus obscurus obscurus
  • Trachypithecus obscurus flavicauda
  • Trachypithecus obscurus halonifer
  • Trachypithecus obscurus carbo
  • Trachypithecus obscurus styx
  • Trachypithecus obscurus seimundi
  • Trachypithecus obscurus sactorum

Referencias

  1. a b Boonratana, R., Traeholt, C., Brockelmann, W. & Htun, S. (2008). «Trachypithecus obscurus». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2022 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 20 de agosto de 2011.
  2. Groves, Colin (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. Mammal Species of the World (3ª edición). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 177. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.

 title=
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia ES

Trachypithecus obscurus: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES
 src= Macho adulto de langur obscuro.

El langur oscuro o langur de anteojos (Trachypithecus obscurus) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae que habita en Malasia, Birmania y Tailandia.​

Habita en los bosques y bosques montañosos. Se le ve en la vegetación primaria y secundaria.

De longitud en la cabeza y el cuerpo logra de 42 a 67 cm. La cola mide de 63 a 81 cm. El peso es de 5 a 9 kg.

La alimentación consiste de frutas, hojas y flores

Se reconocen varias subespecies:​

Trachypithecus obscurus obscurus Trachypithecus obscurus flavicauda Trachypithecus obscurus halonifer Trachypithecus obscurus carbo Trachypithecus obscurus styx Trachypithecus obscurus seimundi Trachypithecus obscurus sactorum
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia ES

Trachypithecus obscurus ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Trachypithecus obscurus Trachypithecus Asiako Colobinae primateetako espezie bat da. Malasia, Myanmar eta Tailandian aurki daiteke[1].

Azpiespezieak

Honako azpiespezieak deskribatu dira[2]:

  • Trachypithecus obscurus obscurus
  • Trachypithecus obscurus flavicauda
  • Trachypithecus obscurus halonifer
  • Trachypithecus obscurus carbo
  • Trachypithecus obscurus styx
  • Trachypithecus obscurus seimundi
  • Trachypithecus obscurus sactorum

Erreferentziak

Biologia Artikulu hau biologiari buruzko zirriborroa da. Wikipedia lagun dezakezu edukia osatuz.
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia EU

Trachypithecus obscurus: Brief Summary ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Trachypithecus obscurus Trachypithecus Asiako Colobinae primateetako espezie bat da. Malasia, Myanmar eta Tailandian aurki daiteke.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia EU

Trachypithecus obscurus ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Semnopithèque obscur

Le Semnopithèque obscur (Trachypithecus obscurus) est une espèce de primate de la famille des Cercopithecidae.

Morphologie

Les adultes ont un pelage gris foncé avec une zone plus claire au niveau du ventre et des lunettes blanches autour des yeux. Ils pèsent en moyenne 7 kg, mesurent entre 42 et 61cm et possèdent une queue mesurant de 50 à 85 cm. Ils peuvent vivre jusqu'à 15 ans en captivité.

Une adaptation unique, cependant, implique le placement de ses yeux. Le fait qu'ils soient centrés leur confère une sensibilité supérieure sur la profondeur, ce qui les aide à se déplacer facilement. Une autre adaptation concerne la position de ses doigts et ses pouces opposables. Cela permet au singe de tenir, de saisir et de se déplacer en douceur. Sa queue n'est pas faite pour s'accrocher et sert surtout de balancier[1].

Les jeunes eux sont orange vif, ce qui aide les membres du groupe à bien les repérer parmi les adultes foncés. Ils perdent cette couleur vers 5 mois.[2]

Comportement

Alimentation

Le Semnopithèque obscur est essentiellement herbivore, se nourrissant de jeunes feuilles, de fruits (figues, jering...) et de fleurs. Il est doté de glandes salivaires améliorées l'aidant à casser la cellulose, et d'un estomac à plusieurs poches lui permettant de digérer une grande quantité de feuilles.[2] Il peut ingérer jusqu'à 2kg de feuilles par jour.

La mère prémâche les feuilles pour son petit, ce qui va l'aider à obtenir les enzymes digestives nécessaires par la salive de sa mère.

Mode de vie

C'est un animal diurne arboricole, qui passe la majorité de son temps dans les branches, où il fait sa toilette et dort. Très sociable, il vit en groupe jusqu'à 20 individus, comprenant un mâle alpha dont le rôle est de diriger le groupe, les protéger et trouver la nourriture, et deux femelles adultes minimum. Un grand groupe de singes se divise normalement en sous-groupes qui se composent généralement d'un juvénile et d'une femelle adulte, mais ils ont tendance à rester à proximité les uns des autres. La mère à un lien très fort avec son petit. La couleur orange vif des juvéniles permet au reste de la communauté de s'assurer de leur sécurité et de leur bien-être.

Ces primates se livrent à un jeu social qui consiste à se poursuivre, à se sauter par-dessus, à se battre et à se tirer la queue. Le toilettage est le comportement de premier contact le plus important observé au sein du groupe.

Le Semnopithèque obscur montre une agressivité minimale et se concentre plutôt sur la réconciliation en cas d'agression au sein du groupe. Ces singes dociles et non agressifs présentent des étreintes ventro-ventro (ventre-ventre) lors de la réconciliation.

Cette espèce entretien une bonne relation avec le macaque crabier. Vivant dans le même habitat, leurs jeunes individus jouent ensemble et les adultes se font parfois même leur toilette mutuellement[1].

Communication

Ces singes communiquent par signaux visuels, tactiles et vocaux. La communication visuelle implique la monte, les coups de langue et les sauts. La majorité de ces communications visuelles impliquent des signaux lorsque des menaces sont observées mais aussi pour montrer une domination dans ces circonstances. La monte est le principal moyen de montrer la domination. Lorsqu'un individu veut en monter un autre qui a ses quatre membres au sol, il élèvera sa croupe en l'air. Le monteur se tiendra derrière l'autre avec ou sans saisir les pieds des chevilles du destinataire.

Un autre mode est la communication tactile qui implique le toilettage social, l'étreinte, la saisie, la lutte et les coups de pied sautés. Le toilettage social est lorsqu'un un individu toilette un autre individu pour renforcer les liens entre ces deux individus. L'étreinte comprend le positionnement ventro-ventro et le placement des bras l'un autour de l'autre ainsi que le pétrissage de la fourrure des individus du groupe. Ces comportements sont généralement impliqués pendant la consolation et la réconciliation. Une autre communication tactile pour l'expression de l'agressivité consiste à sauter des coups de pied, à s'agripper, à lutter, à se tirer et à s'agripper les uns les autres.[1]

Reproduction

Les Semnopithèques obscurs vivent sur de grands arbres en groupes de 5 à 20. Ce groupe se compose d'un ou deux mâles, dont un dominant, et de diverses femelles. Ces singes sont des reproducteurs polygynes, ce qui signifie que seul le mâle grand, agressif et puissant féconde les femelles. La maturité des Semnopithèques obscurs mâles et femelles se situe entre 3 et 4 ans. Ils ont une ou deux progénitures, dont généralement une seule survit. On a constaté que la menstruation des femelles durait trois semaines, mais cela était limité à 2-3 jours en captivité. La copulation en captivité commence le premier jour après la menstruation et se poursuit pendant encore 2 jours. La période de gestation est de 145 jours en moyenne. La naissance est généralement observée pendant les mois de janvier, février et mars.

La mère fournit la majorité des soins parentaux à la progéniture. Divers types de comportement maternel sont affichés par la mère dans les 20 premiers jours après la naissance de la progéniture. Ceux-ci incluent le grattage, les baisers, la préhension, la traction des jambes et le toilettage maternel. Ces 20 premiers jours, le nourrisson passe le plus clair de son temps aux côtés de sa mère.

Les nourrissons commencent à grimper et à s'éloigner de la mère une fois l'âge d'un an atteint. Dans le même temps, ils commencent également à consommer des aliments solides. En vingt jours, le jeune commence la communication comportementale et jeu autonome. Le jeu autonome consiste généralement à sauter au même endroit en séries de 3 à 4 sauts. Pendant cette période, la mère présente également un comportement répugnant qui comprend des morsures, des coups de langue et des retraits du mamelon. Environ 70 jours après la naissance, le nourrisson devient plus sociable et se mêle aux autres membres du groupe. Le jeu social se développe avec les autres membres du groupe et au bout de 240 jours environ, l'enfant se détache complètement de sa mère. Il devient un mâle adulte[1].

Prédateurs

Comme les singes habitent sur des cimes d'arbres plus élevées dans la forêt, ils n'ont pas beaucoup de prédateurs. Mais ils peuvent toujours être chassés par des serpents, des rapaces et de gros animaux carnivores qui sont capables de les atteindre.

L'un des plus grands prédateurs connus de ces primates est l'homme, car ils sont chassés pour leur viande[1].

Répartition géographique et habitat

On le trouve en Malaisie, en Birmanie et en Thaïlande.[3]

 src=
Aire de répartition du semnopithèque obscur

Menaces pour l'espèce

Habitat

Leur habitat est grandement menacé par l'urbanisation, l'agriculture, les plantations d'huile de palme et le développement du tourisme. C'est la cause principale de leur disparition, ayant causé la perte de 50 % de leur population depuis 36 ans à la suite de la destruction de 70 % de leur habitat.[4] Cette urbanisation massive à pour conséquence, en plus de la destruction de la forêt, la division de celle-ci. Les singes se retrouvent obligés de traverser les routes pour rejoindre leur groupe ou trouver de la nourriture par les câbles électriques au dessus des routes (causant la mort par chute ou électrocution) ou même directement au sol (causant la mort par accident sur la route)[2].

Alimentation

Leur habitat se retrouvant restreint, et donc par extension, leur quantité de nourriture à disposition, un certain nombre d'individus se dirigent vers les villes pour fouiller les poubelles ou se faire nourrir par les touristes. Malheureusement cette nourriture est très mauvaise pour eux, contenant beaucoup de conservateur et de sucres, ce qui rend les singes obèses et diabétiques, réduisant considérablement leur durée de vie. Lorsque les touristes donnent à manger aux singes, de gros regroupement se forment augmentant leur agressivité les uns envers les autres, ce qui créé des combats, blessant beaucoup d'individus. Le contact direct avec les touristes est également très mauvais car il augmente considérablement le risque de transmission de maladie, de l'Homme au Semnopithèque obscur.

Chasse et trafic

Le Semnopithèque obscur est chassé pour sa viande. Il est aussi chassé pour être vendu à des particuliers comme animal de compagnie exotique, principalement les petits qui attirent par leur couleur orange et leur petite taille[4].

Sous-espèces

Il en existe sept sous-espèces:

  • Trachypithecus obscurus obscurus
  • Trachypithecus obscurus flavicauda
  • Trachypithecus obscurus halonifer
  • Trachypithecus obscurus carbo
  • Trachypithecus obscurus styx
  • Trachypithecus obscurus seimundi
  • Trachypithecus obscurus sactorum

Cri

Semnopithèque obscur perdu qui appelle sa famille le soir (1 min 58 s)
Semnophitèque obscur, Parc national de Kaeng Krachan, Thaïlande (51 s)

Synonyme

  • Presbytis obscura

Galerie de photographies

Notes et références

  1. a b c d et e (en) « Dusky Leaf Monkey | Adorable Monkeys from Sumatran », sur www.aboutanimals.com (consulté le 8 juin 2021)
  2. a b et c « The Story of Dusky Langur (Dusky Leaf Monkey) in Malaysia » (consulté le 8 juin 2021)
  3. (en) « Dusky leaf monkey », sur thainationalparks.com (consulté le 4 novembre 2020)
  4. a et b « Dusky Langur (Trachypithecus obscurus) » (consulté le 8 juin 2021)

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia FR

Trachypithecus obscurus: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Semnopithèque obscur

Le Semnopithèque obscur (Trachypithecus obscurus) est une espèce de primate de la famille des Cercopithecidae.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia FR

Trachypithecus obscurus ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Il langur dagli occhiali o presbite dagli occhiali (Trachypithecus obscurus (Reid, 1837)) è un primate catarrino appartenente alla famiglia Cercopithecidae.[1]

Descrizione

Dimensioni

Misura fino a 130 cm, di cui più della metà spettano alla coda, per un peso di 7-8 kg.

Aspetto

 src=
Un esemplare: il colore del mantello cambia considerevolmente a seconda della sottospecie, ma si riscontrano differenze anche a livello individuale.

La colorazione del mantello è assai variabile: il dorso ha solitamente colore scuro, variabile fra il bruno, il nero ed il grigio, mentre la zona ventrale, le zampe posteriori e la coda hanno generalmente colorazione più chiara. La faccia, nuda, è di colore grigio, sul quale spiccano due cerchi di colore chiaro attorno agli occhi ed alla bocca.

Biologia

Si tratta di animali diurni, che di notte tendono a tornare sempre allo stesso giaciglio sugli alberi. Vivono in gruppi di una decina di individui, comprendenti solitamente un unico (ma anche due o tre) maschio adulto e numerose femmine coi propri cuccioli. Il maschio ha il compito di fare la guardia nei momenti in cui il gruppo riposa o si nutre, oltre a controllare che nessuno rimanga indietro durante gli spostamenti e pattugliare i confini del territorio, per prendere nota di eventuali sconfinamenti ed agire di conseguenza. Sulla terraferma, l'estensione dei territori varia fra i cinque ed i dodici ettari, mentre in ambienti insulari la loro dimensione diminuisce significativamente.

Alimentazione

Questi animali sono prevalentemente folivori, il che vuol dire che mangiano principalmente foglie: preferiscono in particolare le foglioline giovani ed i germogli, ma non disdegnano di mangiare ogni tanto anche altro materiale vegetale, come frutti e fiori. Ogni animale mangia in media due chilogrammi di cibo al giorno.

Riproduzione

I vari maschi presenti nel gruppo si accoppiano con un numero di femmine direttamente proporzionale al proprio rango nell'ambito del gruppo stesso: nonostante non sembri esserci una stagione riproduttiva ben precisa (le femmine vanno in estro ogni tre settimane, e tale stato viene reso manifesto da un ingrossamento delle grandi labbra), si registra un picco delle nascite durante i primi tre mesi dell'anno. La gestazione dura circa quattro mesi e mezzo, al termine dei quali la femmina partorisce un unico cucciolo di colore arancio, con le zone di pelle nuda rosee: tale colorazione viene sostituita dal manto grigiastro tipico della specie attorno al sesto mese d'età. Il cucciolo viene accudito essenzialmente dalla madre, che lo tiene con sé fino al raggiungimento della maturità sessuale, che avviene attorno ai 3-4 anni: in ogni caso, la madre si riproduce nuovamente a due anni di distanza dalla nascita del cucciolo.

La aspettativa di vita di questi animali in cattività si aggira attorno ai 30 anni.

Distribuzione e habitat

Con numerose sottospecie[1] (T. o. obscurus, T. o. carbo, T. o. flavicauda, T. o. halonifer, T. o. sactorum, T. o. seimundi e T. o. styx), questo animale è diffuso in Malaysia, Myanmar e Thailandia, spingendosi fin sulle isole di Langkawi e Penang[2]. Pur essendo abbastanza adattabile, predilige le aree di foresta pluviale.

Conservazione

La IUCN red list classifica Trachypithecus obscurus come specie prossima alla minaccia di estinzione (Near Threatened)[2].

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Colin Groves, Trachypithecus obscurus, in D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder (a cura di), Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  2. ^ a b (EN) Boonratana, R., Traeholt, C., Brockelmann, W. & Htun, S. 2008, Trachypithecus obscurus, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.

 title=
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia IT

Trachypithecus obscurus: Brief Summary ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT
 src= Areale

Il langur dagli occhiali o presbite dagli occhiali (Trachypithecus obscurus (Reid, 1837)) è un primate catarrino appartenente alla famiglia Cercopithecidae.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia IT

Brillangoer ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

De brillangoer (Trachypithecus obscurus) van Thailand en Birma is een blauwgrijze aap met witte ringen rond de ogen en witte of vleeskleurige lippen uit de groep van de bladetende apen, de langoeren uit Zuidoost-Azië.

Beschrijving

De brillangoer is een slank soort aap met een lange staart. De lengte van de kop en romp is 42 tot 61 centimeter, de staart is 50 tot 75 cm lang. het mannetje weegt gemiddeld 7,5 kg, het vrouwtje 6,5 kg. De kleur van de vacht varieert sterk tussen bruin , grijs en bijna zwart. Jonge brillangoeren hebben een oranje vacht. De buik, achterpoten en de staart van volwassen dieren zijn meestal lichter van kleur, de handen en de voeten zijn donkergrijs. De vacht op de kop is donkergrijs met rondom de ogen een brede bleekwitte kring die lijkt op een bril, waaraan deze langoer zijn naam ontleend. Ook rond de mond is de vacht erg licht en op de kop zit een voor dit geslacht typerende haarlok.

Verspreiding en leefgebied

De brillangoer komt voor in het noorden van het schiereiland Malakka, het zuiden van Myanmar en het zuidwesten van Thailand.

Het leefgebied van de brillangoer is dicht regenwoud, maar de aap kan zich aanpassen in ouder, secondair bos en wordt zelfs waargenomen in parken en stedelijk gebied. Het is een aap die overdag actief is in de boomkronen en daar voornamelijk bladeren eet, maar ook vruchten en bloemen. Het spijsverteringsstelsel van de brillangoer is aangepast aan het eten van onrijpe vruchten en het afbreken van gifstoffen die in de bladeren en onrijp fruit zitten. Dit gebeurt door een bepaalde samenstelling van de bacteriën in de maag en darmen (zoals ook bij herkauwers).

De brillangoer heeft een betrekkelijk groot verspreidingsgebied en daardoor is de kans op uitsterven niet zo groot. De dichtheid van de populaties in bepaalde gebieden is geschat op 25 tot 100 individuen per vierkante kilometer. Grootste bedreigingen vormen de jacht op het dier en de ontbossingen waarbij oerwoud plaats maakt voor oliepalmplantages en verstedelijking. Het tempo van deze achteruitgang ligt boven de 30% in tien jaar (meer dan 3,5% per jaar). Om deze redenen staat deze langoer als gevoelig (voor uitsterven) op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN.[1]

In gevangenschap

In Burgers' Zoo (Arnhem) is de brillangoer vertegenwoordigd en de dierentuin is stamboekhouder van deze soort. In Europa zijn maar drie andere dierentuinen met brillangoeren. Deze apen zijn lastig te houden omdat ze hoge eisen stellen aan het dieet en zij planten zich met moeite voort. Op 23 november 2012 en 11 juni 2014 kwam in Arnhem een jong ter wereld.[2][3]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia NL

Brillangoer: Brief Summary ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

De brillangoer (Trachypithecus obscurus) van Thailand en Birma is een blauwgrijze aap met witte ringen rond de ogen en witte of vleeskleurige lippen uit de groep van de bladetende apen, de langoeren uit Zuidoost-Azië.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia NL

Trachypithecus obscurus ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

O langur-obscuro (Trachypithecus obscurus) é uma das 17 espécies de Trachypithecus.[1][9] É encontrada na Malásia, Tailândia e Mianmar.

Referências

  1. a b «Trachypithecus obscurus na lista vermelha da IUCN» (em inglês). Lista vermelha da IUCN. Consultado em 17 de setembro de 2012
  2. «Trachypithecus obscurus obscurus na lista vermelha da IUCN» (em inglês). Lista vermelha da IUCN. Consultado em 17 de setembro de 2012
  3. «Trachypithecus obscurus flavicauda na lista vermelha da IUCN» (em inglês). Lista vermelha da IUCN. Consultado em 17 de setembro de 2012
  4. «Trachypithecus obscurus halonifer na lista vermelha da IUCN» (em inglês). Lista vermelha da IUCN. Consultado em 17 de setembro de 2012
  5. «Trachypithecus obscurus carbo na lista vermelha da IUCN» (em inglês). Lista vermelha da IUCN. Consultado em 17 de setembro de 2012
  6. «Trachypithecus obscurus styx na lista vermelha da IUCN» (em inglês). Lista vermelha da IUCN. Consultado em 17 de setembro de 2012
  7. «Trachypithecus obscurus seimundi na lista vermelha da IUCN» (em inglês). Lista vermelha da IUCN. Consultado em 17 de setembro de 2012
  8. «Trachypithecus obscurus sanctorum na lista vermelha da IUCN» (em inglês). Lista vermelha da IUCN. Consultado em 17 de setembro de 2012
  9. «Trachypithecus obscurus no mammal species of the world» (em inglês). Mammal Species of the World. Consultado em 17 de setembro de 2012
 title=
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autores e editores de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia PT

Trachypithecus obscurus: Brief Summary ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

O langur-obscuro (Trachypithecus obscurus) é uma das 17 espécies de Trachypithecus. É encontrada na Malásia, Tailândia e Mianmar.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autores e editores de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia PT

Trachypithecus obscurus ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV


Trachypithecus obscurus[2][3] är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Reid 1837. Trachypithecus obscurus ingår i släktet Trachypithecus och familjen markattartade apor.[4][5] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som nära hotad.[1] Det svenska trivialnamnet rökgrå bladapa förekommer för arten.[6]

Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[4] Wilson & Reeder (2005) samt IUCN skiljer mellan sju underarter.[7][1]

Individerna når en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) av 42 till 68 cm och en svanslängd av 57 till 86 cm. Vikten är 4,2 till 10,9 kg. Pälsen har på ryggen vanligen en mörkgrå till svartbrun färg. Buken, bakbenen och svansen är oftast ljusare. Ibland förekommer gula eller blek orange skuggor.[6] Kring ögonen finns vita ringar (se bild).

Denna primat förekommer huvudsakligen på Malackahalvön men utbredningsområdet sträcker sig lite längre norrut. Arten vistas i olika slags skogar och den uppsöker även trädgårdar och stadsparker.[1]

Trachypithecus obscurus klättrar vanligen i växtligheten och är aktiv på dagen. Den äter främst blad som kompletteras med frukter, blommor och andra växtdelar. Bakterier i djurets magsäck hjälper vid ämnesomsättningen av blad och omogna frukter.[1]

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c d e] 2008 Trachypithecus obscurus Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
  3. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
  4. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (8 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/trachypithecus+obscurus/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  5. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  6. ^ [a b] David W. McDonald (en), S. Ulfstrand (sv), red (1996). ”Bladapor”. Bonniers Stora Verk Om Jordens Djur. "Apor". Bonnier Lexikon AB. sid. 102-111. ISBN 91-632-0077-5
  7. ^ (2005) , website Trachypithecus obscurus, Mammal Species of the World

Externa länkar

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia författare och redaktörer
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia SV

Trachypithecus obscurus: Brief Summary ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV


Trachypithecus obscurus är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Reid 1837. Trachypithecus obscurus ingår i släktet Trachypithecus och familjen markattartade apor. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som nära hotad. Det svenska trivialnamnet rökgrå bladapa förekommer för arten.

Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life. Wilson & Reeder (2005) samt IUCN skiljer mellan sju underarter.

Individerna når en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) av 42 till 68 cm och en svanslängd av 57 till 86 cm. Vikten är 4,2 till 10,9 kg. Pälsen har på ryggen vanligen en mörkgrå till svartbrun färg. Buken, bakbenen och svansen är oftast ljusare. Ibland förekommer gula eller blek orange skuggor. Kring ögonen finns vita ringar (se bild).

Denna primat förekommer huvudsakligen på Malackahalvön men utbredningsområdet sträcker sig lite längre norrut. Arten vistas i olika slags skogar och den uppsöker även trädgårdar och stadsparker.

Trachypithecus obscurus klättrar vanligen i växtligheten och är aktiv på dagen. Den äter främst blad som kompletteras med frukter, blommor och andra växtdelar. Bakterier i djurets magsäck hjälper vid ämnesomsättningen av blad och omogna frukter.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia författare och redaktörer
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia SV

Trachypithecus obscurus ( Ucraniano )

fornecido por wikipedia UK

Опис

Довжина голови і тіла становить від 42 до 61 см, а довжина хвоста від 50 до 85 см. Немає істотних морфологічних відмінностей між самцями й самицями за винятком того, самці трохи більші й важчі, ніж самиці. У середньому дорослий самець важить 7,4 кг, у той час як доросла самиця важить близько 6,5 кг. Забарвлення різне. Верх може бути будь-якого відтінку коричневого, сірого або чорного, в той час як низ, задні ноги і хвіст блідіші. Лице сіре і часто відзначається клаптями білого хутра, розташованого навколо очей і рота. Долоні і підошви голі й зазвичай чорного кольору. Руки й ноги спритні. Пальці добре розвинені, великі пальці рук протиставлені. Хвости різні по довжині й густині хутра від короткого і голого, до довгого і волохатого. Новонароджені яскраво-жовтого або помаранчевого кольору, з рожевим обличчям; хутро набуває кольору дорослих протягом шести місяців.

Поширення

Країни проживання: Малайзія; М'янма; Таїланд. Надає перевагу закритим незайманим лісам, але також знаходиться в старовікових середніх і порушених лісах, міських районах і парках.

Стиль життя

Денний, в першу чергу деревний, листоїдний вид, хоча дієта включає також різноманітні фрукти, квіти та інші продукти. Загалом, T. obscurus їсть до 2 кг їжі в день. Вони дуже активні протягом дня, але повертаються на свої сідала в деревах вночі. Надають перевагу висотам 35 метрів або вище на деревах. Рух хвоста відіграє значну роль в підтримці балансу. При годуванні T. obscurus зривають листя і пагони руками. Ці мавпи подорожують в групах, які з 5 до 20 осіб. Соціальні групи, як правило, складаються з одного або кількох дорослих самців, і двох чи більше дорослих самиць. Дорослий самець має три основні обов'язки, які включають виявлення хижаків, тримати групу разом, і патрулювати кордони території. Імлисті лутунги мають широкий спектр вигуків, які вважаються досить складними.

Життєвий цикл

Розмноження не завжди відбувається по сезонах. Пологи частіше відбуваються в січні, лютому і березні. Зазвичай один малюк народжується. Період вагітності складає, в середньому, 145 днів. Новонароджені повністю вкриті хутром і активні. Статева зрілість досягається у 3—4 роки.

Загрози та охорона

Полювання на продукти харчування є основною загрозою, також загрозами є втрата середовища існування і деградація через розширення плантацій олійних пальм, сільське господарство і урбанізацію. На півострівний Малайзії тварини часто стають жертвами вбивств на дорогах. Вид занесений в Додаток II СІТЕС. Зустрічається в ряді ПОТ.

Посилання


licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Автори та редактори Вікіпедії
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia UK

Trachypithecus obscurus ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Trachypithecus obscurus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cercopithecidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Reid mô tả năm 1837.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Boonratana, R., Traeholt, C., Brockelmann, W. & Htun, S. (2008). Trachypithecus obscurus. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 4 tháng 1 năm 2009.
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Trachypithecus obscurus”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Linh trưởng này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia VI

Trachypithecus obscurus: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Trachypithecus obscurus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cercopithecidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Reid mô tả năm 1837.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia VI

Очковый тонкотел ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию
Латинское название Trachypithecus obscurus
(Reid, 1837)
Ареал
изображение

wikispecies:
Систематика
на Викивидах

commons:
Изображения
на Викискладе

ITIS 573065 NCBI 54181 Охранный статус
Status iucn3.1 NT ru.svg
Близки к уязвимому положению
IUCN 3.1 Near Threatened: 22039

Очковый тонкотел[1] (лат. Trachypithecus obscurus) — вид приматов из семейства мартышковых.

Описание

Очковый тонкотел, как и другие представители рода Trachypithecus, имеет стройное телосложение и длинный хвост. Длина тела составляет от 42 до 61 сантиметров, а длина хвоста от 50 до 85 сантиметров. Самцы в среднем тяжелее и имеют массу 7,4 кг, в то время как самки имеют массу 6,5 кг. Окраска шерсти варьирует от коричневого и серого до чёрного цвета, брюхо, задние конечности и хвост, как правило, светлее, руки и ноги тёмно-серые. Мордочка тёмно-серая, вокруг глаз белый рисунок, напоминающий по форме очки. Кроме того, область вокруг рта светлее, на голове имеется типичный для рода хохол из волос.

Распространение

Вид распространён на Малаккском полуострове и на прилегающих островах, ареал простирается от южной Мьянмы и Таиланда до Малайзии. Средой обитания вида являются леса, при этом предпочтение отдаётся горным первичным и вторичным лесам.

Образ жизни

Приматы ведут дневной, древесный образ жизни, обитая в основном в верхних ярусах леса. Перемещаются в основном на четвереньках, редко по сравнению с другими приматами совершая прыжки. Живут в группах от 5 до 20 животных, не образуя в отличие от большинства других тонкотелов гаремы. Также могут встречаться большие группы самцов. В поисках пищи группы часто делятся на более мелкие подгруппы. Это территориальные животные, чьи участки охватывают площадь от 5 до 12 га.

Питаются в основном листьями, а также фруктами и цветками. Как и другие тонкотелы, у них многокамерные желудки для более эффективного использования трудно перевариваемой растительной пищи.

Спаривание происходит, предположительно, в течение всего года. Примерно через пять месяцев беременности, самка рожает обычно одного детёныша, который изначально окрашен в оранжевый цвет, как у всех тонкотелов. В возрасте примерно трёх-четырех лет наступает половая зрелость.

Примечания

  1. Полная иллюстрированная энциклопедия. «Млекопитающие» Кн. 2 = The New Encyclopedia of Mammals / под ред. Д. Макдональда. — М.: Омега, 2007. — С. 458. — 3000 экз.ISBN 978-5-465-01346-8.
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Авторы и редакторы Википедии

Очковый тонкотел: Brief Summary ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию

Очковый тонкотел (лат. Trachypithecus obscurus) — вид приматов из семейства мартышковых.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Авторы и редакторы Википедии

鬱烏葉猴 ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科

鬱烏葉猴學名Trachypithecus obscurus[2]猴科烏葉猴屬的一種,分布於马来西亚缅甸以及泰国[1]

鬱烏葉猴分成數個亞種[2]

  • Trachypithecus obscurus obscurus
  • Trachypithecus obscurus flavicauda
  • Trachypithecus obscurus halonifer
  • Trachypithecus obscurus carbo
  • Trachypithecus obscurus styx
  • Trachypithecus obscurus seimundi
  • Trachypithecus obscurus sactorum
  • 鬱烏葉猴叫聲(岗卡章国家公园

  •  src=

    鬱烏葉猴(岗卡章国家公园

  •  src=

    成年雄性的鬱烏葉猴

  • Trachypithecus obscurus - Kaeng Krachan.jpg
  • 參考資料

    1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Trachypithecus obscurus. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2008.
    2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Groves, Colin. Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds), 编. Mammal species of the world 3rd edition. Johns Hopkins University Press. 16 November 2005: 177. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. 引文格式1维护:冗余文本 (link)
    licença
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    direitos autorais
    维基百科作者和编辑
    original
    visite a fonte
    site do parceiro
    wikipedia 中文维基百科

    鬱烏葉猴: Brief Summary ( Chinês )

    fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科

    鬱烏葉猴(學名:Trachypithecus obscurus)為猴科烏葉猴屬的一種,分布於马来西亚缅甸以及泰国

    鬱烏葉猴分成數個亞種:

    Trachypithecus obscurus obscurus Trachypithecus obscurus flavicauda Trachypithecus obscurus halonifer Trachypithecus obscurus carbo Trachypithecus obscurus styx Trachypithecus obscurus seimundi Trachypithecus obscurus sactorum File:Dusky leaf monkey, Trachypithecus obscurus - Kaeng Krachan National Park.webm播放媒体

    鬱烏葉猴(岗卡章国家公园

    鬱烏葉猴叫聲(岗卡章国家公园

     src=

    鬱烏葉猴(岗卡章国家公园

     src=

    成年雄性的鬱烏葉猴

    Trachypithecus obscurus - Kaeng Krachan.jpg
    licença
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    direitos autorais
    维基百科作者和编辑
    original
    visite a fonte
    site do parceiro
    wikipedia 中文维基百科

    검은잎원숭이 ( Coreano )

    fornecido por wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

    검은잎원숭이(Trachypithecus obscurus)은 긴꼬리원숭이과에 속하는 영장류의 일종이다. 방글라데시인도, 라오스, 말레이시아, 미얀마 그리고 태국 등에서 서식한다.[2] 안경랑구르 또는 안경잎원숭이, 더스키루톤 이라고도 부른다.

    루뚱원숭이에는 여러 종의 아종이 있다.[1]

    • Trachypithecus obscurus obscurus
    • Trachypithecus obscurus flavicauda
    • Trachypithecus obscurus halonifer
    • Trachypithecus obscurus carbo
    • Trachypithecus obscurus styx
    • Trachypithecus obscurus seimundi
    • Trachypithecus obscurus sactorum

    각주

    1. Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., 편집. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 177쪽. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
    2. “Trachypithecus obscurus”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2009년 1월 4일에 확인함.
    licença
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    direitos autorais
    Wikipedia 작가 및 편집자

    검은잎원숭이: Brief Summary ( Coreano )

    fornecido por wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

    검은잎원숭이(Trachypithecus obscurus)은 긴꼬리원숭이과에 속하는 영장류의 일종이다. 방글라데시인도, 라오스, 말레이시아, 미얀마 그리고 태국 등에서 서식한다. 안경랑구르 또는 안경잎원숭이, 더스키루톤 이라고도 부른다.

    루뚱원숭이에는 여러 종의 아종이 있다.

    Trachypithecus obscurus obscurus Trachypithecus obscurus flavicauda Trachypithecus obscurus halonifer Trachypithecus obscurus carbo Trachypithecus obscurus styx Trachypithecus obscurus seimundi Trachypithecus obscurus sactorum
    licença
    cc-by-sa-3.0
    direitos autorais
    Wikipedia 작가 및 편집자