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Fossils of Ozark minnows have been found in Meade County in southwestern Kansas that date back to the late Illinoian glacial stage. Also, fossil bone fragments have been found in the Ouachita Highlands. Studies and collections show that Ozark minnows have been in this region for 100 years and the species was most likely brought here by glacier movements.
There is no information available regarding communication and perception in Ozark minnows. Like all fish, Ozark minnows have a lateral line system that helps them detect changes in pressure and temperature in the local environment.
Other Communication Modes: vibrations
Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical
Ozark minnows are not evaluated by the IUCN Red List and have no special status on other lists. Their conservation is a concern because they are unable to tolerate excessive turbidity and siltation. Heavy agricultural use within their range poses threats to their viability. Many populations are isolated from each other, meaning that this species is vulnerable to catastrophic events which may cause local population declines, such as natural disasters or disease. Recommended conservation measures for this species include protecting and restoring its habitat, conducting further research on its status and biology, and controlling pollution, erosion and agricultural runoff.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
State of Michigan List: no special status
Spawning in Ozark minnows has mostly been observed in water at 17 to 18 degrees Celsius at depths of 1 to 20 cm. This occurs over 0.5 to 1.0 cm gravel in a 13 m section of shoreline. Spawning can be delayed due to colder water and often will not take place until the water has reached 17 degrees Celsius. Spawning occurs in existing shallow depressions of approximately 8 to 20 cm in diameter. The most intense spawning occurred in shallow water of 1 to 2 cm deep, and occurred throughout the day. Ozark minnow eggs average at 2.1 mm in diameter.
There are no known negative economic impacts on Ozark minnows.
Ozark minnows have no known positive impacts on humans.
Ozark minnows are both predators and prey in their ecosystems. They are not known to become infected with parasites.
Ozark minnows eat mainly green algae, blue-green algae and diatoms. They are omnivorous, feeding mostly on plant material with some animal matter. Diet may also include small insect larvae and crustaceans (Crustacea).
Animal Foods: mammals; insects
Plant Foods: algae
Primary Diet: omnivore
Ozark minnows inhabit the Ozark and Paleozoic Plateaus in the central highlands of the United States. They are most abundant in the Ozark Plateaus of Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma and Kansas. As a result of agricultural activities, they are much less abundant in the upper Mississippi River basin including Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois and Wisconsin. Other populations are found in the Red Cedar River system in northern Wisconsin and the Mississippi River tributaries in southern Wisconsin, as well as the Zumbro, Root, and Cedar Rivers in southeastern Minnesota. Ozark minnows are also found in northern and central Arkansas, Missouri, and northeastern Oklahoma.
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )
Ozark minnows prefer clear, small- to medium-sized streams, with minimal vegetation and slow currents. They are found in protected backwaters near riffles or in pools where the current is slow with a gravel bottom. Ozark minnows school near the bottom in shallow water less than 8 in deep (30 cm), where the bottom is gravel.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; freshwater
Aquatic Biomes: benthic ; rivers and streams
The lifespan of Ozark minnows is 2 to 4 years.
Ozark minnows are small slender minnows with dark yellow-olive backs and upper sides and dark-edged scales. Their lower sides are silvery with a prominent dusky stripe at the midline that extends forward past the eye. The midline of the back has a dusky stripe overlaid with a series of golden spots that are visible when the fish is in the water. The mouth is positioned at the tip of the blunt snout, and Ozark minnows have prominent eyes that appear large in proportion to the head. Their total length is 2.2 inches to a maximum of about 4 inches.
Range length: 56 to 92 mm.
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike
Other Physical Features: bilateral symmetry
Predators of Ozark minnows are not specifically known. However, other congeners are preyed upon by largemouth bass.
Ozark minnows approach the spawning site and stay there for a few seconds until 10 to 20 additional fish approach. At that time, all the fish begin vibrating against the bottom of the stream and each other. This lasts approximately one minute and then all of the fish vacate the area.
Mating System: polygynandrous (promiscuous)
Ozark minnows breed from May to early August, when the water temperature is 17 to 18 degrees Celsius. Breeding Ozark minnows often have a yellowish-orange coloration on the underside of the body and the fins. Males are more brightly colored than females during the breeding season, and may develop pronounced tubercles on the head and fins. Spawning lasts approximately one minute, but occurs throughout the day. Ozark minnows vibrate vigorously against the substrate and other fish in the group. Spawning occurs at depths of 1 to 20 cm in shallow depressions approximately 8 to cm in diameter over 0.5 to 1.0 cm gravel in a 13 m section of shoreline. The spawning occurred in existing shallow depressions approximately 8 to 20 cm in diameter. Ozark minnows lay their eggs in nests of the hornyhead chubs, and often hybridize with other shiners. The eggs average at 2.1 mm in diameter. Both males and females reach reproductive maturity at 2 years of age.
Breeding interval: Ozark minnows breed in spring after water temperatures reach 17 degrees Celsius.
Breeding season: Spawning occurs from May through early August.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 2 years.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 2 years.
Key Reproductive Features: seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (External ); broadcast (group) spawning; oviparous
Ozark minnows do not exhibit parental care besides spawning. Females lay eggs and males fertilize them, after which the eggs are left behind.
Parental Investment: female parental care ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female)
The Ozark minnow (Notropis nubilus) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Notropis.
The Ozark minnow is a small fish that averages about 2 ¼ to 2 ¾ inches in length with its maximum length being about 3 inches. They have dark yellow or olive coloration along their back and upper sides. Their lower sides are silvery with a stripe running down their midline up past their eye. When in the water, golden spots can be seen over the stripe along the midline.[2] The edges of their scales are dark in color as well.[3] They also have flat snouts and big eyes, and are bilaterally symmetrical.[4] Similar to the Shiner species, the Ozark minnow has a terminal, oblique mouth. It also lacks pigment on the top and base of its mouth. A forked tail and single fin on its dorsal side allow the Ozark minnow to maneuver quickly through the water.[5] The Ozark minnow can easily be distinguished from other fish because of the striking black line which stretches from its head to tail. Although an adult Ozark minnow does not extend more than 3.0 inches, it possesses a gut that is approximately double the fish's average length. The gut is coiled neatly within the Ozark minnow.[6] These physical descriptions of the Ozark minnow are true for both the males and females in a population meaning that they do not seem to display any sexual dimorphism. In other words, they do not have very different physical traits that are special to the male or female.[3]
Ozark minnows are mostly found in creeks or small rivers that have "gravelly or rocky bottoms and strong, permanent flow", and are often found in schools with other minnow species.[7] In addition, they can be found in pools or near riffles, which are "light rapids where water flows across a shallow section of river".[8] They are also most frequently found in waters that are not highly populated, to ensure their safety and protection. Ozark minnows prefer weaker currents to strong currents, but are found slightly below the surface in calmer water.[6] They prefer freshwater and a more benthic biome, staying close to the bottom for the majority of the time. As for their geographic distribution, Ozark minnows can be found in the "central highlands" of the United States. They are mainly found in the Mississippi River of more southern states, in addition to Oklahoma and Kansas, due to excessive farming in the more northern states of Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, and Wisconsin.[4] Specifically in these states, they have been found in southeast Minnesota in the Root, Cedar, and Zumbro rivers, the northern and southern portions of Wisconsin, and in northeast Oklahoma. They have also been found in the Ozark highlands of Arkansas, Missouri, and Iowa.[8]
The Ozark minnow (Notropis nubilus) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Notropis.
Notropis nubilus es una especie de peces de la familia de los Cyprinidae en el orden de los Cypriniformes.
Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 9,3 cm de longitud total.[1][2]
Es un pez de agua dulce.
Se encuentran en Norteamérica.
Notropis nubilus es una especie de peces de la familia de los Cyprinidae en el orden de los Cypriniformes.
Notropis nubilus Notropis generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Actinopterygii klasean sailkatzen da, Cyprinidae familian.
Notropis nubilus Notropis generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Actinopterygii klasean sailkatzen da, Cyprinidae familian.
