Diagnostic Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Percina kusha is distinguished from all other described species of Percina by a combination of the following characteristics: absence of bright colors on body and fins of adults; no orange band in spinous dorsal fin; no broad vertical bands on body extending dorsally across the back joining those of the other side; 7â11 lateral blotches connected to form a continuous dark brown to black lateral stripe with undulating margins; lateral stripe continuous with large, quadrate basicaudal blotch that extends onto base of caudal fin rays; small, dark blotch on upper and lower portion of caudal fin base, dorsal blotch typically darker; body below lateral stripe white to cream colored, without dark blotches, dusky in breeding males; suborbital bar absent or very poorly developed; lateral line complete, typically no pored scales on base of caudal fin; males with row of modified scales on midline of belly and one or two modified scales between base of pelvic fins; modified breast scale absent; nuptial tubercles absent; anal fin of breeding males not excessively elongate; males without caudal keel as a ventral extension of the caudal peduncle; snout not projecting beyond anterior margin of upper jaw; well-developed premaxillary frenum; serrae on margin of preopercle absent; branchiostegal membranes overlapping or very narrowly joined (Ref. 58738).
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Trophic Strategy
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Percina kusha inhabits small rivers and lower reaches of tributary creeks with good water quality. These streams are characterized by moderate gradient where the substrate consists of sand, gravel, cobble and bedrock. Percina kusha is usually found in flowing pools and backwaters adjacent to runs, where it has been observed hovering over or resting on submerged structures such woody debris, stems of Justicia americana, and large cobble. During winter we have observed P. kusha among leaf packs in pools. Frequent associates of P. kusha are Campostoma oligolepis, Cyprinella trichroistia, C. venusta, Etheostoma stigmaeum, Hypentelium etowanum, Notropis xaenocephalus, P. kathae, P. nigrofasciata and P. palmaris. Etnier & Starnes(1993) provide information on feeding and reproduction of the Conasauga River population. Johnson et al. (2002) conducted a study of seasonal spawning habitat utilization in the Conasauga River in Murray County, Georgia, during 1999 and 2000. There is no information available on the ecology and biology of the Etowah River population of P. kusha.
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Biology
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Etnier & Starnes (1991) considered the conservation status of Percina kusha to be endangered, like two other Percina species endemic to the upper Coosa River system, P. antesella and P. jenkinsi. In a review of conservation status of fishes in Georgia, Freeman (1999) assigned a status of rare (a species in need of protection because of its scarcity) to populations in Georgia. Warren et al. (2000) and Freeman et al. (2005) both regarded P. kusha as vulnerable (any taxon that may become endangered or threatened by relatively minor disturbance to its habitat). Based on the authors' sampling and snorkeling observations, P. kusha appears to be a species that naturally occurs in low abundance, at least when compared to sympatric congeners such as P. nigrofasciata and P. palmaris. We do not know, however, what the actual range of the species was prior to European colonization. Its association with slow-flowing habitats suggests P. kusha could have occurred throughout the Conasauga and Etowah rivers, and possibly in the geographically intermediate Coosawattee River, below the gorge now impounded by Carters Dam and Reservoir. Considering its very limited distribution in portions of two small rivers and threats to its habitat from municipal and industrial development and forestry and agriculture activities the authors consider P. kusha to be endangered (Ref. 58738).
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Percina kusha
(
Catalão; Valenciano
)
fornecido por wikipedia CA
Percina kusha és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels pèrcids.
Descripció
- Pot arribar a fer 6,5 cm de llargària màxima.
- Absència de colors brillants al cos i les aletes dels adults.
- Presenta entre 7 i 11 taques laterals connectades per formar una banda contínua de color marró fosc a negre amb vores ondulades.
-
Línia lateral completa.
- Els mascles presenten una fila d'escates modificades al nivell mitjà de l'abdomen i una o dues escates modificades entre la base de les aletes pèlviques.
- L'aleta anal dels mascles reproductors no és excessivament allargada.
- El musell no es projecta més enllà del marge anterior de la mandíbula superior.[4][5]
Hàbitat
És un peix d'aigua dolça, bentopelàgic i de clima temperat (34°N-35°N, 84°W-84°W).[4]
Distribució geogràfica
Es troba a Nord-amèrica: les capçaleres del riu Coosa a Geòrgia i Tennessee.[4]
Observacions
És inofensiu per als humans.[4]
Referències
-
↑ Haldeman S. S., 1842. Description of two new species of the genus Perca, from the Susquehanna River. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. v. 8 (pt 2). 330.
-
↑ uBio (anglès)
-
↑ Williams, J.D., Neely, D.A., Walsh, S.J. & Burkhead, N.M., 2007. Three new percid fishes (Percidae: Percina) from the Mobile Basin drainage of Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee. Zootaxa, 1549: 1–28.
-
↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 FishBase (anglès)
-
↑ Williams, J.D., Neely, D.A., Walsh, S.J. & Burkhead, N.M., 2007.
Bibliografia
- Jelks, H.L., S.J. Walsh, N.M. Burkhead, S. Contreras-Balderas, E. Díaz-Pardo, D.A. Hendrickson, J. Lyons, N.E. Mandrak, F. McCormick, J.S. Nelson, S.P> Platania, B.A. Porter, C.B. Renaud, J.J. Schmitter-Soto, E.B. Taylor i M.L. Warren, Jr., 2008. Conservation status of imperiled North American freshwater and diadromous fishes. Fisheries 33(8): 372-407.
Enllaços externs
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Percina kusha: Brief Summary
(
Catalão; Valenciano
)
fornecido por wikipedia CA
Percina kusha és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels pèrcids.
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Percina kusha
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Percina kusha, the bridled darter, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee.[2]
Geographic distribution
Found in the Coosa River in Georgia and Tennessee, the upper reaches of the Conasauga River, and in the Etowah River.[3]
Ecology
The Bridled darter is a small freshwater fish only found in southern states. They prefer a habitat in flowing pools and riffles in smaller rivers with structures such as submerged logs and aquatic vegetation. They are typically found places with good water quality, and gravel or sandy substrates. Only being identified in Georgia and Tennessee, they naturally occur in low abundance.
Reproduction and history
Spawning season ranges from mid April to June with water temperatures of 14-21 degrees Celsius. Competitive behavior has been exhibited by males during this season, where larger ones chase off smaller, weaker males. The eggs typically experience an incubation period of about a week. The bridled darter has a short life span of around 3 years. They have been considered endangered before, but are now believed to be vulnerable.
Characteristics
A distinct stripe that is continuous from the front to behind the snout looks like a horse's bridle, hence where this species got their name. Percina kusha lack bright colors, and males and females are similar in looks. Males are a more dusky color than females. This species has a series of overlapping circular, dark blotches along both sides. They reach a maximum of 3 inches. They are found closer to the surface because they retain a swim bladder. Their diet consists of small invertebrates such as mayfly nymphs and blackfly larvae. They have been observed feeding off submerged surfaces and strategically waiting for food to get washed downstream.
References
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Percina kusha: Brief Summary
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Percina kusha, the bridled darter, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee.
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- Wikipedia authors and editors
Percina kusha
(
Basco
)
fornecido por wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Percina kusha: Brief Summary
(
Basco
)
fornecido por wikipedia EU
Percina kusha Percina generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Percidae familian sailkatzen da.
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Percina kusha
(
Neerlandês; Flamengo
)
fornecido por wikipedia NL
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籠頭小鱸
(
Chinês
)
fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
籠頭小鱸: Brief Summary
(
Chinês
)
fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
籠頭小鱸為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目河鱸科的其中一種，分布於美國田納西州及喬治亞州的庫薩河流域，體長可達6.5公分，棲息在沙底質的溪流。
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