Sobre
Educação
Discutir
Banco de Traços
Entrar
Criar conta
Idioma
Deutsch
English
Español
français
italiano
Nederlands
Piemontèis
Português do Brasil
suomi
Türkçe
čeština
Ελληνικά
македонски
Українська
العربية
简体中文
繁體中文
nomes no trilho de navegação
vernáculo
científico
Sobre
Educação
Discutir
Banco de Traços
Entrar
Criar conta
pt-BR
Deutsch
English
Español
français
italiano
Nederlands
Piemontèis
Português do Brasil
suomi
Türkçe
čeština
Ελληνικά
македонски
Українська
العربية
简体中文
繁體中文
nomes no trilho de navegação
vernáculo
científico
Life
»
…
»
Reino Animal
»
…
»
Vertebrados
»
…
»
Actinopterygii
»
…
»
Percidae
»
…
Life
»
Cellular
»
Eucariontes
»
Opisthokonta
»
Reino Animal
»
Bilateria
»
Deuterostômios
»
Cordados
»
Vertebrados
»
Gnatostomados
»
Osteichthyes
»
Actinopterygii
»
Neopterygii
»
Teleostei
»
Euteleostei
»
Neoteleostei
»
Acanthopterygii
»
Perciformes
»
Percoidei
»
Percidae
»
Etheostoma
«
Etheostoma hopkinsi (Fowler 1945)
coletar
início
dados
mídia
artigos
mapas
nomes
Nomes científicos
Nomes preferidos
Etheostoma hopkinsi (Fowler 1945)
Espécies foi reconhecido por
EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Taxon de referência de FishBase in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Etheostoma hopkinsi
Espécies foi reconhecido por
wikipedia 中文维基百科
,
wikipedia NL
,
wikipedia CA
,
wikipedia EU
,
NCBI
, and
United States Species List
Etheostoma hopkinsi
Reconhecido por
OBIS environmental data records
Etheostoma hopkinsi
(Fowler 1945)
Espécies foi reconhecido por
EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
,
EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
, and
GBIF classification
Etheostoma hopkinsi
Espécies foi reconhecido por
wikidata_hierarchy tar gz
,
wikipedia ES
,
wikipedia EN
,
Wikidata Common Names
,
Wikimedia Commons
,
iNaturalist data coverage
, and
Wikipedia (inferred records)
Etheostoma hopkinsi
Reconhecido por
iDigBio type specimen records
and
Global Biotic Interactions
Etheostoma hopkinsi (Fowler 1945)
Espécies foi reconhecido por
IUCN
,
Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
,
iNaturalist
,
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy
,
GBIF data coverage
, and
Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.3 - Test
Etheostoma hopkinsi (Fowler 1945)
Reconhecido por
Fishbase
Poecilichthys hopkinsi
Espécies foi reconhecido por
wikidata_hierarchy tar gz
Nomes alternativos
Poecilichthys hopkinsi Fowler 1945
Not accepted de acordo com
EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Taxon de referência de FishBase in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Etheostoma hopkinsi binotatum
Bailey & Richards 1963
Doubtful de acordo com
GBIF classification
Poecilichthys hopkinsi
Fowler 1945
Synonym de acordo com
EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
and
EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Etheostoma hopkinsi hopkinsi (Fowler 1945)
Invalid de acordo com
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy
Poecilichthys hopkinsi Fowler 1945
Invalid de acordo com
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy
Poecilichthys hopkinsi Fowler 1945
Not accepted de acordo com
Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.3 - Test
Poecilichthys hopkinsi Fowler 1945
Synonym de acordo com
Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
and
Fishbase
Nomes comuns
Chinês
聖誕鏢鱸
preferido
Reconhecido por
Wikidata Common Names
Dinamarquês
Julesmutte
preferido
Reconhecido por
Fishbase
Inglês
Christmas darter
preferido
Reconhecido por
Fishbase
and
Wikidata Common Names
Zh Hans
圣诞镖鲈
preferido
Reconhecido por
Wikidata Common Names
Zh Hant
聖誕鏢鱸
preferido
Reconhecido por
Wikidata Common Names
Zh Hk
聖誕鏢鱸
preferido
Reconhecido por
Wikidata Common Names
show 3 mais idiomas
ocultar 3 idiomas
Hierarquias selecionadas para Etheostoma hopkinsi (Fowler 1945)
EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Opisthokonta
Metazoa
Bilateria
Deuterostomia
Chordata
Vertebrata
Gnathostomata
Osteichthyes
Actinopterygii
Neopterygii
Teleostei
Euteleostei
Neoteleostei
Acanthopterygii
Perciformes
Percoidei
Percidae
Etheostoma
Etheostoma hopkinsi (Fowler 1945)
(essa página)
Etheostoma acuticeps Bailey 1959
Etheostoma akatulo Layman & Mayden 2009
Etheostoma asprigene (Forbes 1878)
Etheostoma atripinne (Jordan 1877)
Etheostoma australe Jordan 1889
Etheostoma autumnale Mayden 2010
Etheostoma barrenense Burr & Page 1982
Etheostoma basilare Page & Hardman
Etheostoma bison Ceas & Page 1997
Etheostoma boschungi Wall & Williams 1974
Etheostoma brevispinum (Coker 1926)
Etheostoma camurum (Cope 1870)
Etheostoma cervus Powers & Mayden 2003
Etheostoma chermocki Boschung, Mayden & Tomelleri 1992
Etheostoma chlorobranchium Zorach 1972
Etheostoma clinton Mayden & Layman 2012
Etheostoma collettei Birdsong & Knapp 1969
Etheostoma collis (Hubbs & Cannon 1935)
Etheostoma colorosum Suttkus & Bailey 1993
Etheostoma corona Page & Ceas 1992
Etheostoma cragini Gilbert 1885
Etheostoma crossopterum Braasch & Mayden 1985
Etheostoma cyanoprosopum
Etheostoma davisoni Hay 1885
Etheostoma denoncourti Stauffer & van Snik 1997
Etheostoma derivativum Page & Hardman
Etheostoma duryi Henshall 1889
Etheostoma etowahae Wood & Mayden 1993
Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819
Etheostoma flavum Etnier & Bailey 1989
Etheostoma fonticola (Jordan & Gilbert 1886)
Etheostoma gore Layman & Mayden 2012
Etheostoma gracile (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma grahami (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma histrio Jordan & Gilbert 1887
Etheostoma inscriptum (Jordan & Brayton 1878)
Etheostoma jessiae (Jordan & Brayton 1878)
Etheostoma jordani Gilbert 1891
Etheostoma juliae Meek 1891
Etheostoma kanawhae (Raney 1941)
Etheostoma kantuckeense Ceas & Page 1997
Etheostoma lachneri Suttkus & Bailey 1994
Etheostoma lawrencei Ceas & Burr 2002
Etheostoma longimanum Jordan 1888
Etheostoma luteovinctum Gilbert & Swain 1887
Etheostoma maculatum Kirtland 1840
Etheostoma mariae (Fowler 1947)
Etheostoma marmorpinnum Blanton & Jenkins 2008
Etheostoma maydeni Powers & Kuhajda 2012
Etheostoma microperca Jordan & Gilbert 1888
Etheostoma moorei Raney & Suttkus 1964
Etheostoma nebra
Etheostoma neopterum Howell & Dingerkus 1978
Etheostoma nigripinne Braasch & Mayden 1985
Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque 1820
Etheostoma nuchale Howell & Caldwell 1965
Etheostoma okaloosae (Fowler 1941)
Etheostoma olivaceum Braasch & Page 1979
Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842
Etheostoma oophylax Ceas & Page 1992
Etheostoma orientale Powers & Mayden 2007
Etheostoma pallididorsum Distler & Metcalf 1962
Etheostoma parvipinne Gilbert & Swain 1887
Etheostoma perlongum (Hubbs & Raney 1946)
Etheostoma phytophilum Bart & Taylor 1999
Etheostoma planasaxatile Powers & Mayden 2007
Etheostoma podostemone Jordan & Jenkins 1889
Etheostoma pottsii (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma proeliare (Hay 1881)
Etheostoma punctulatum (Agassiz 1854)
Etheostoma pyrrhogaster Bailey & Etnier 1988
Etheostoma radiosum (Hubbs & Black 1941)
Etheostoma rafinesquei Burr & Page 1982
Etheostoma rubrum Raney & Suttkus 1966
Etheostoma rufilineatum (Cope 1870)
Etheostoma rupestre Gilbert & Swain 1887
Etheostoma sagitta (Jordan & Swain 1883)
Etheostoma scotti Bauer, Etnier & Burkhead 1995
Etheostoma segrex Norris & Minckley 1997
Etheostoma sellare (Radcliffe & Welsh 1913)
Etheostoma sitikuense Blanton 2008
Etheostoma smithi Page & Braasch 1976
Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz 1854)
Etheostoma spilotum Gilbert 1887
Etheostoma squamiceps Jordan 1877
Etheostoma stigmaeum (Jordan 1877)
Etheostoma striatulum Page & Braasch 1977
Etheostoma susanae (Jordan & Swain 1883)
Etheostoma swaini (Jordan 1884)
Etheostoma swannanoa Jordan & Evermann 1889
Etheostoma tallapoosae Suttkus & Etnier 1991
Etheostoma tecumsehi Ceas & Page 1997
Etheostoma teddyroosevelt Layman & Mayden 2012
Etheostoma tennesseense Powers & Mayden 2007
Etheostoma tetrazonum (Hubbs & Black 1940)
Etheostoma tippecanoe Jordan & Evermann 1890
Etheostoma uniporum Distler 1968
Etheostoma vitreum (Cope 1870)
Etheostoma wapiti Etnier & Williams 1989
Etheostoma zonistium Bailey & Etnier 1988
57 irmãos adicionais truncado por brevidade.
Veja o
arquivo de recurso
para uma lista completa.
Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Biota
Animalia
Chordata
Vertebrata
Gnathostomata
Osteichthyes
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Percidae
Etheostoma
Etheostoma hopkinsi (Fowler 1945)
(essa página)
Etheostoma acuticeps Bailey 1959
Etheostoma akatulo Layman & Mayden 2009
Etheostoma artesiae (Hay 1881)
Etheostoma asprigene (Forbes 1878)
Etheostoma atripinne (Jordan 1877)
Etheostoma australe Jordan 1889
Etheostoma autumnale Mayden 2010
Etheostoma baileyi Page & Burr 1982
Etheostoma barbouri Kuehne & Small 1971
Etheostoma basilare Page & Hardman
Etheostoma bellator Suttkus & Bailey 1993
Etheostoma bison Ceas & Page 1997
Etheostoma blennioides Rafinesque 1819
Etheostoma blennius Gilbert & Swain 1887
Etheostoma boschungi Wall & Williams 1974
Etheostoma brevirostrum Suttkus & Etnier 1991
Etheostoma brevispinum (Coker 1926)
Etheostoma burri Ceas & Page 1997
Etheostoma caeruleum Storer 1845
Etheostoma camurum (Cope 1870)
Etheostoma cervus Powers & Mayden 2003
Etheostoma chermocki Boschung, Mayden & Tomelleri 1992
Etheostoma chlorobranchium Zorach 1972
Etheostoma chlorosomum (Hay 1881)
Etheostoma chuckwachatte Mayden & Wood 1993
Etheostoma cinereum Storer 1845
Etheostoma clinton Mayden & Layman 2012
Etheostoma collettei Birdsong & Knapp 1969
Etheostoma collis (Hubbs & Cannon 1935)
Etheostoma colorosum Suttkus & Bailey 1993
Etheostoma coosae (Fowler 1945)
Etheostoma corona Page & Ceas 1992
Etheostoma crossopterum Braasch & Mayden 1985
Etheostoma cyanoprosopum
Etheostoma denoncourti Stauffer & van Snik 1997
Etheostoma derivativum Page & Hardman
Etheostoma ditrema Ramsey & Suttkus 1965
Etheostoma douglasi Wood & Mayden 1993
Etheostoma duryi Henshall 1889
Etheostoma edwini (Hubbs & Cannon 1935)
Etheostoma erythrozonum Switzer & Wood 2009
Etheostoma etnieri Bouchard 1977
Etheostoma etowahae Wood & Mayden 1993
Etheostoma euzonum (Hubbs & Black 1940)
Etheostoma exile (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819
Etheostoma fonticola (Jordan & Gilbert 1886)
Etheostoma forbesi Page & Ceas 1992
Etheostoma fragi Distler 1968
Etheostoma fricksium Hildebrand 1923
Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854)
Etheostoma gore Layman & Mayden 2012
Etheostoma gracile (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma grahami (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma gutselli (Hildebrand 1932)
Etheostoma histrio Jordan & Gilbert 1887
Etheostoma inscriptum (Jordan & Brayton 1878)
Etheostoma jimmycarter Layman & Mayden 2012
Etheostoma jordani Gilbert 1891
Etheostoma juliae Meek 1891
Etheostoma kantuckeense Ceas & Page 1997
Etheostoma kennicotti (Putnam 1863)
Etheostoma lachneri Suttkus & Bailey 1994
Etheostoma lawrencei Ceas & Burr 2002
Etheostoma lemniscatum Blanton 2008
Etheostoma lepidum (Baird & Girard 1853)
Etheostoma longimanum Jordan 1888
Etheostoma lugoi Norris & Minckley 1997
Etheostoma luteovinctum Gilbert & Swain 1887
Etheostoma lynceum Hay 1885
Etheostoma maculatum Kirtland 1840
Etheostoma mariae (Fowler 1947)
Etheostoma marmorpinnum Blanton & Jenkins 2008
Etheostoma maydeni Powers & Kuhajda 2012
Etheostoma microperca Jordan & Gilbert 1888
Etheostoma mihileze Mayden 2010
Etheostoma moorei Raney & Suttkus 1964
Etheostoma nebra
Etheostoma neopterum Howell & Dingerkus 1978
Etheostoma nianguae Gilbert & Meek 1887
Etheostoma nigripinne Braasch & Mayden 1985
Etheostoma nuchale Howell & Caldwell 1965
Etheostoma obeyense Kirsch 1892
Etheostoma occidentale Powers & Mayden 2007
Etheostoma okaloosae (Fowler 1941)
Etheostoma olivaceum Braasch & Page 1979
Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842
Etheostoma oophylax Ceas & Page 1992
Etheostoma orientale Powers & Mayden 2007
Etheostoma osburni (Hubbs & Trautman 1932)
Etheostoma pallididorsum Distler & Metcalf 1962
Etheostoma parvipinne Gilbert & Swain 1887
Etheostoma perlongum (Hubbs & Raney 1946)
Etheostoma phytophilum Bart & Taylor 1999
Etheostoma planasaxatile Powers & Mayden 2007
Etheostoma podostemone Jordan & Jenkins 1889
Etheostoma pottsii (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma proeliare (Hay 1881)
Etheostoma pseudovulatum Page & Ceas 1992
Etheostoma punctulatum (Agassiz 1854)
57 irmãos adicionais truncado por brevidade.
Veja o
arquivo de recurso
para uma lista completa.
Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.3 - Test
Etheostoma hopkinsi (Fowler 1945)
(essa página)
Etheostoma acuticeps Bailey 1959
Etheostoma akatulo Layman & Mayden 2009
Etheostoma asprigene (Forbes 1878)
Etheostoma atripinne (Jordan 1877)
Etheostoma australe Jordan 1889
Etheostoma autumnale Mayden 2010
Etheostoma barrenense Burr & Page 1982
Etheostoma basilare Page & Hardman
Etheostoma bison Ceas & Page 1997
Etheostoma boschungi Wall & Williams 1974
Etheostoma brevispinum (Coker 1926)
Etheostoma camurum (Cope 1870)
Etheostoma cervus Powers & Mayden 2003
Etheostoma chermocki Boschung, Mayden & Tomelleri 1992
Etheostoma chlorobranchium Zorach 1972
Etheostoma clinton Mayden & Layman 2012
Etheostoma collettei Birdsong & Knapp 1969
Etheostoma collis (Hubbs & Cannon 1935)
Etheostoma colorosum Suttkus & Bailey 1993
Etheostoma corona Page & Ceas 1992
Etheostoma cragini Gilbert 1885
Etheostoma crossopterum Braasch & Mayden 1985
Etheostoma cyanoprosopum
Etheostoma davisoni Hay 1885
Etheostoma denoncourti Stauffer & van Snik 1997
Etheostoma derivativum Page & Hardman
Etheostoma duryi Henshall 1889
Etheostoma etowahae Wood & Mayden 1993
Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819
Etheostoma flavum Etnier & Bailey 1989
Etheostoma fonticola (Jordan & Gilbert 1886)
Etheostoma gore Layman & Mayden 2012
Etheostoma gracile (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma grahami (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma histrio Jordan & Gilbert 1887
Etheostoma inscriptum (Jordan & Brayton 1878)
Etheostoma jessiae (Jordan & Brayton 1878)
Etheostoma jordani Gilbert 1891
Etheostoma juliae Meek 1891
Etheostoma kanawhae (Raney 1941)
Etheostoma kantuckeense Ceas & Page 1997
Etheostoma lachneri Suttkus & Bailey 1994
Etheostoma lawrencei Ceas & Burr 2002
Etheostoma longimanum Jordan 1888
Etheostoma luteovinctum Gilbert & Swain 1887
Etheostoma maculatum Kirtland 1840
Etheostoma mariae (Fowler 1947)
Etheostoma marmorpinnum Blanton & Jenkins 2008
Etheostoma maydeni Powers & Kuhajda 2012
Etheostoma microperca Jordan & Gilbert 1888
Etheostoma moorei Raney & Suttkus 1964
Etheostoma nebra
Etheostoma neopterum Howell & Dingerkus 1978
Etheostoma nigripinne Braasch & Mayden 1985
Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque 1820
Etheostoma nuchale Howell & Caldwell 1965
Etheostoma okaloosae (Fowler 1941)
Etheostoma olivaceum Braasch & Page 1979
Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842
Etheostoma oophylax Ceas & Page 1992
Etheostoma orientale Powers & Mayden 2007
Etheostoma pallididorsum Distler & Metcalf 1962
Etheostoma parvipinne Gilbert & Swain 1887
Etheostoma perlongum (Hubbs & Raney 1946)
Etheostoma phytophilum Bart & Taylor 1999
Etheostoma planasaxatile Powers & Mayden 2007
Etheostoma podostemone Jordan & Jenkins 1889
Etheostoma pottsii (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma proeliare (Hay 1881)
Etheostoma punctulatum (Agassiz 1854)
Etheostoma pyrrhogaster Bailey & Etnier 1988
Etheostoma radiosum (Hubbs & Black 1941)
Etheostoma rafinesquei Burr & Page 1982
Etheostoma rubrum Raney & Suttkus 1966
Etheostoma rufilineatum (Cope 1870)
Etheostoma rupestre Gilbert & Swain 1887
Etheostoma sagitta (Jordan & Swain 1883)
Etheostoma scotti Bauer, Etnier & Burkhead 1995
Etheostoma segrex Norris & Minckley 1997
Etheostoma sellare (Radcliffe & Welsh 1913)
Etheostoma sitikuense Blanton 2008
Etheostoma smithi Page & Braasch 1976
Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz 1854)
Etheostoma spilotum Gilbert 1887
Etheostoma squamiceps Jordan 1877
Etheostoma stigmaeum (Jordan 1877)
Etheostoma striatulum Page & Braasch 1977
Etheostoma susanae (Jordan & Swain 1883)
Etheostoma swaini (Jordan 1884)
Etheostoma swannanoa Jordan & Evermann 1889
Etheostoma tallapoosae Suttkus & Etnier 1991
Etheostoma tecumsehi Ceas & Page 1997
Etheostoma teddyroosevelt Layman & Mayden 2012
Etheostoma tennesseense Powers & Mayden 2007
Etheostoma tetrazonum (Hubbs & Black 1940)
Etheostoma tippecanoe Jordan & Evermann 1890
Etheostoma uniporum Distler 1968
Etheostoma vitreum (Cope 1870)
Etheostoma wapiti Etnier & Williams 1989
Etheostoma zonistium Bailey & Etnier 1988
57 irmãos adicionais truncado por brevidade.
Veja o
arquivo de recurso
para uma lista completa.
EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Opisthokonta
Metazoa
Bilateria
Deuterostomia
Chordata
Vertebrata
Gnathostomata
Osteichthyes
Actinopterygii
Neopterygii
Teleostei
Euteleostei
Neoteleostei
Acanthopterygii
Perciformes
Percoidei
Percidae
Etheostoma
Etheostoma hopkinsi (Fowler 1945)
(essa página)
Etheostoma acuticeps Bailey 1959
Etheostoma akatulo Layman & Mayden 2009
Etheostoma asprigene (Forbes 1878)
Etheostoma atripinne (Jordan 1877)
Etheostoma australe Jordan 1889
Etheostoma autumnale Mayden 2010
Etheostoma barrenense Burr & Page 1982
Etheostoma basilare Page & Hardman
Etheostoma bison Ceas & Page 1997
Etheostoma boschungi Wall & Williams 1974
Etheostoma brevispinum (Coker 1926)
Etheostoma camurum (Cope 1870)
Etheostoma cervus Powers & Mayden 2003
Etheostoma chermocki Boschung, Mayden & Tomelleri 1992
Etheostoma chlorobranchium Zorach 1972
Etheostoma clinton Mayden & Layman 2012
Etheostoma collettei Birdsong & Knapp 1969
Etheostoma collis (Hubbs & Cannon 1935)
Etheostoma colorosum Suttkus & Bailey 1993
Etheostoma corona Page & Ceas 1992
Etheostoma cragini Gilbert 1885
Etheostoma crossopterum Braasch & Mayden 1985
Etheostoma cyanoprosopum
Etheostoma davisoni Hay 1885
Etheostoma denoncourti Stauffer & van Snik 1997
Etheostoma derivativum Page & Hardman
Etheostoma duryi Henshall 1889
Etheostoma etowahae Wood & Mayden 1993
Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819
Etheostoma flavum Etnier & Bailey 1989
Etheostoma fonticola (Jordan & Gilbert 1886)
Etheostoma gore Layman & Mayden 2012
Etheostoma gracile (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma grahami (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma histrio Jordan & Gilbert 1887
Etheostoma inscriptum (Jordan & Brayton 1878)
Etheostoma jessiae (Jordan & Brayton 1878)
Etheostoma jordani Gilbert 1891
Etheostoma juliae Meek 1891
Etheostoma kanawhae (Raney 1941)
Etheostoma kantuckeense Ceas & Page 1997
Etheostoma lachneri Suttkus & Bailey 1994
Etheostoma lawrencei Ceas & Burr 2002
Etheostoma longimanum Jordan 1888
Etheostoma luteovinctum Gilbert & Swain 1887
Etheostoma maculatum Kirtland 1840
Etheostoma mariae (Fowler 1947)
Etheostoma marmorpinnum Blanton & Jenkins 2008
Etheostoma maydeni Powers & Kuhajda 2012
Etheostoma microperca Jordan & Gilbert 1888
Etheostoma moorei Raney & Suttkus 1964
Etheostoma nebra
Etheostoma neopterum Howell & Dingerkus 1978
Etheostoma nigripinne Braasch & Mayden 1985
Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque 1820
Etheostoma nuchale Howell & Caldwell 1965
Etheostoma okaloosae (Fowler 1941)
Etheostoma olivaceum Braasch & Page 1979
Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842
Etheostoma oophylax Ceas & Page 1992
Etheostoma orientale Powers & Mayden 2007
Etheostoma pallididorsum Distler & Metcalf 1962
Etheostoma parvipinne Gilbert & Swain 1887
Etheostoma perlongum (Hubbs & Raney 1946)
Etheostoma phytophilum Bart & Taylor 1999
Etheostoma planasaxatile Powers & Mayden 2007
Etheostoma podostemone Jordan & Jenkins 1889
Etheostoma pottsii (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma proeliare (Hay 1881)
Etheostoma punctulatum (Agassiz 1854)
Etheostoma pyrrhogaster Bailey & Etnier 1988
Etheostoma radiosum (Hubbs & Black 1941)
Etheostoma rafinesquei Burr & Page 1982
Etheostoma rubrum Raney & Suttkus 1966
Etheostoma rufilineatum (Cope 1870)
Etheostoma rupestre Gilbert & Swain 1887
Etheostoma sagitta (Jordan & Swain 1883)
Etheostoma scotti Bauer, Etnier & Burkhead 1995
Etheostoma segrex Norris & Minckley 1997
Etheostoma sellare (Radcliffe & Welsh 1913)
Etheostoma sitikuense Blanton 2008
Etheostoma smithi Page & Braasch 1976
Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz 1854)
Etheostoma spilotum Gilbert 1887
Etheostoma squamiceps Jordan 1877
Etheostoma stigmaeum (Jordan 1877)
Etheostoma striatulum Page & Braasch 1977
Etheostoma susanae (Jordan & Swain 1883)
Etheostoma swaini (Jordan 1884)
Etheostoma swannanoa Jordan & Evermann 1889
Etheostoma tallapoosae Suttkus & Etnier 1991
Etheostoma tecumsehi Ceas & Page 1997
Etheostoma teddyroosevelt Layman & Mayden 2012
Etheostoma tennesseense Powers & Mayden 2007
Etheostoma tetrazonum (Hubbs & Black 1940)
Etheostoma tippecanoe Jordan & Evermann 1890
Etheostoma uniporum Distler 1968
Etheostoma vitreum (Cope 1870)
Etheostoma wapiti Etnier & Williams 1989
Etheostoma zonistium Bailey & Etnier 1988
57 irmãos adicionais truncado por brevidade.
Veja o
arquivo de recurso
para uma lista completa.
GBIF classification
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Percidae
Etheostoma Rafinesque 1819
Etheostoma hopkinsi (Fowler 1945)
(essa página)
Etheostoma hopkinsi hopkinsi
Etheostoma acuticeps Bailey 1959
Etheostoma akatulo Layman & Mayden 2009
Etheostoma artesiae (Hay 1881)
Etheostoma asprigene (Forbes 1878)
Etheostoma atripinne (Jordan 1877)
Etheostoma australe Jordan 1889
Etheostoma baileyi Page & Burr 1982
Etheostoma barbouri Kuehne & Small 1971
Etheostoma basilare Page & Hardman
Etheostoma bellator Suttkus & Bailey 1993
Etheostoma bellum Zorach 1968
Etheostoma brevirostrum Suttkus & Etnier 1991
Etheostoma burri Ceas & Page 1997
Etheostoma caeruleum Storer 1845
Etheostoma camurum (Cope 1870)
Etheostoma cervus Powers & Mayden 2003
Etheostoma chermocki Boschung, Mayden & Tomelleri 1992
Etheostoma chlorobranchium Zorach 1972
Etheostoma chuckwachatte Mayden & Wood 1993
Etheostoma cinereum Storer 1845
Etheostoma collettei Birdsong & Knapp 1969
Etheostoma collis (Hubbs & Cannon 1935)
Etheostoma coosae (Fowler 1945)
Etheostoma cragini Gilbert 1885
Etheostoma davisoni Hay 1885
Etheostoma denoncourti Stauffer & van Snik 1997
Etheostoma derivativum Page & Hardman
Etheostoma ditrema Ramsey & Suttkus 1965
Etheostoma douglasi Wood & Mayden 1993
Etheostoma edwini (Hubbs & Cannon 1935)
Etheostoma erythrozonum Switzer & Wood 2009
Etheostoma etowahae Wood & Mayden 1993
Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819
Etheostoma flavum Etnier & Bailey 1989
Etheostoma forbesi Page & Ceas 1992
Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854)
Etheostoma gracile (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma grahami (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma gutselli (Hildebrand 1932)
Etheostoma histrio Jordan & Gilbert 1887
Etheostoma inscriptum (Jordan & Brayton 1878)
Etheostoma jessiae (Jordan & Brayton 1878)
Etheostoma jordani Gilbert 1891
Etheostoma juliae Meek 1891
Etheostoma kanawhae (Raney 1941)
Etheostoma lawrencei Ceas & Burr 2002
Etheostoma longimanum Jordan 1888
Etheostoma lugoi Norris & Minckley 1997
Etheostoma luteovinctum Gilbert & Swain 1887
Etheostoma lynceum Hay 1885
Etheostoma maculatum Kirtland 1840
Etheostoma marmorpinnum Blanton & Jenkins 2008
Etheostoma meadiae
Etheostoma nianguae Gilbert & Meek 1887
Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque 1820
Etheostoma nuchale Howell & Caldwell 1965
Etheostoma obeyense Kirsch 1892
Etheostoma olivaceum Braasch & Page 1979
Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842
Etheostoma osburni (Hubbs & Trautman 1932)
Etheostoma parvipinne Gilbert & Swain 1887
Etheostoma percnurum Jenkins 1994
Etheostoma perlongum (Hubbs & Raney 1946)
Etheostoma phytophilum Bart & Taylor 1999
Etheostoma podostemone Jordan & Jenkins 1889
Etheostoma proeliare (Hay 1881)
Etheostoma pseudovulatum Page & Ceas 1992
Etheostoma punctulatum (Agassiz 1854)
Etheostoma pyrrhogaster Bailey & Etnier 1988
Etheostoma radiosum (Hubbs & Black 1941)
Etheostoma rafinesquei Burr & Page 1982
Etheostoma rubrum Raney & Suttkus 1966
Etheostoma rufilineatum (Cope 1870)
Etheostoma rupestre Gilbert & Swain 1887
Etheostoma sagitta (Jordan & Swain 1883)
Etheostoma saludae (Hubbs & Cannon 1935)
Etheostoma scotti Bauer, Etnier & Burkhead 1995
Etheostoma sequatchiense Burr 1979
Etheostoma simoterum (Cope 1868)
Etheostoma sitikuense Blanton 2008
Etheostoma smithi Page & Braasch 1976
Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz 1854)
Etheostoma squamiceps Jordan 1877
Etheostoma stigmaeum (Jordan 1877)
Etheostoma striatulum Page & Braasch 1977
Etheostoma susanae (Jordan & Swain 1883)
Etheostoma swaini (Jordan 1884)
Etheostoma swannanoa Jordan & Evermann 1889
Etheostoma tallapoosae Suttkus & Etnier 1991
Etheostoma tennesseense Powers & Mayden 2007
Etheostoma tetrazonum (Hubbs & Black 1940)
Etheostoma thalassinum (Jordan & Brayton 1878)
Etheostoma tippecanoe Jordan & Evermann 1890
Etheostoma uniporum Distler 1968
Etheostoma variatum Kirtland 1840
Etheostoma virgatum (Jordan 1880)
Etheostoma vulneratum (Cope 1870)
Etheostoma wapiti Etnier & Williams 1989
Etheostoma whipplei (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma zonifer (Hubbs & Cannon 1935)
67 irmãos adicionais truncado por brevidade.
Veja o
arquivo de recurso
para uma lista completa.
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy
Animalia
Bilateria
Deuterostomia
Chordata
Vertebrata
Gnathostomata
Actinopterygii
Teleostei
Acanthopterygii
Perciformes
Percoidei
Percidae
Etheostoma Rafinesque 1819
Etheostoma hopkinsi (Fowler 1945)
(essa página)
Etheostoma asprigene (Forbes ex Jordan 1878)
Etheostoma atripinne (Jordan 1877)
Etheostoma autumnale Mayden 2010
Etheostoma baileyi Page & Burr 1982
Etheostoma barbouri Kuehne & Small 1971
Etheostoma barratti (Holbrook 1855)
Etheostoma barrenense Burr & Page ex Page & Burr 1982
Etheostoma basilare Page & Hardman
Etheostoma binotatum Bailey & Richards 1963
Etheostoma blennioides Rafinesque 1819
Etheostoma blennius Gilbert & Swain ex Gilbert 1887
Etheostoma boschungi Wall & Williams 1974
Etheostoma caeruleum Storer 1845
Etheostoma clinton Mayden & Layman ex Layman & Mayden 2012
Etheostoma collettei Birdsong & Knapp 1969
Etheostoma collis (Hubbs & Cannon 1935)
Etheostoma coosae (Fowler 1945)
Etheostoma cragini Gilbert 1885
Etheostoma cyanoprosopum
Etheostoma cyanorum (Moore & Rigney 1952)
Etheostoma davisoni Hay 1885
Etheostoma ditrema Ramsey & Suttkus 1965
Etheostoma duryi Henshall 1889
Etheostoma edwini (Hubbs & Cannon 1935)
Etheostoma erizonum (Hubbs & Black 1940)
Etheostoma erythrozonum Switzer & Wood 2009
Etheostoma etnieri Bouchard 1977
Etheostoma euzonum (Hubbs & Black 1940)
Etheostoma exile (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma faulkneri Sterling & Warren 2020
Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819
Etheostoma fonticola (Jordan & Gilbert 1886)
Etheostoma fricksium Hildebrand 1923
Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854)
Etheostoma gore Layman & Mayden 2012
Etheostoma gracile (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma grahami (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma histrio Jordan & Gilbert ex Gilbert 1887
Etheostoma humerale (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma inscriptum (Jordan & Brayton 1878)
Etheostoma jessiae (Jordan & Brayton ex Jordan 1878)
Etheostoma jimmycarter Layman & Mayden 2012
Etheostoma kanawhae (Raney 1941)
Etheostoma kennicotti (Putnam 1863)
Etheostoma lepidum (Baird & Girard 1853)
Etheostoma longimanum Jordan 1888
Etheostoma luteovinctum Gilbert & Swain ex Gilbert 1887
Etheostoma mariae (Fowler 1947)
Etheostoma meadiae (Jordan & Evermann 1898)
Etheostoma microperca Jordan & Gilbert ex Jordan 1888
Etheostoma mihileze Mayden 2010
Etheostoma nebra
Etheostoma neopterum Howell & Dingerkus 1978
Etheostoma newmani (Agassiz 1854)
Etheostoma nianguae Gilbert & Meek ex Gilbert 1887
Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque 1820
Etheostoma nuchale Howell & Caldwell 1965
Etheostoma obama Mayden & Layman ex Layman & Mayden 2012
Etheostoma obeyense Kirsch 1892
Etheostoma okaloosae (Fowler 1941)
Etheostoma olivaceum Braasch & Page 1979
Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842
Etheostoma osburni (Hubbs & Trautman 1932)
Etheostoma pallididorsum Distler & Metcalf 1962
Etheostoma paludosum (Moore & Rigney 1952)
Etheostoma parvipinne Gilbert & Swain ex Gilbert 1887
Etheostoma perlongum (Hubbs & Raney 1946)
Etheostoma pholidotum Miller 1968
Etheostoma planasaxatile Powers & Mayden 2007
Etheostoma podostemone Jordan & Jenkins ex Jordan 1889
Etheostoma proeliare (Hay 1881)
Etheostoma pulchellum (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma punctulatum (Agassiz 1854)
Etheostoma radiosum (Hubbs & Black 1941)
Etheostoma rupestre Gilbert & Swain ex Gilbert 1887
Etheostoma sagitta (Jordan & Swain 1883)
Etheostoma saludae (Hubbs & Cannon 1935)
Etheostoma sellare (Radcliffe & Welsh 1913)
Etheostoma serrifer (Hubbs & Cannon 1935)
Etheostoma simoterum (Cope 1868)
Etheostoma smithi Page & Braasch 1976
Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz 1854)
Etheostoma squamiceps Jordan 1877
Etheostoma squamosum Distler 1968
Etheostoma stigmaeum (Jordan 1877)
Etheostoma striatulum Page & Braasch 1977
Etheostoma swaini (Jordan 1884)
Etheostoma swannanoa Jordan & Evermann ex Jordan 1889
Etheostoma teddyroosevelt Layman & Mayden 2012
Etheostoma tetrazonum (Hubbs & Black 1940)
Etheostoma thalassinum (Jordan & Brayton 1878)
Etheostoma thompsoni Suttkus, Bart & Etnier 2012
Etheostoma trisella Bailey & Richards 1963
Etheostoma tuscumbia Gilbert & Swain ex Gilbert 1887
Etheostoma variatum Kirtland 1840
Etheostoma virgatum (Jordan 1880)
Etheostoma vitreum (Cope 1870)
Etheostoma whipplei (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma zonale (Cope 1868)
Etheostoma zonifer (Hubbs & Cannon 1935)
47 irmãos adicionais truncado por brevidade.
Veja o
arquivo de recurso
para uma lista completa.
IUCN
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Percidae
Etheostoma hopkinsi (Fowler 1945)
(essa página)
Ammocrypta beanii Jordan 1877
Ammocrypta bifascia Williams 1975
Ammocrypta clara Jordan & Meek 1885
Ammocrypta meridiana Williams 1975
Ammocrypta vivax Hay 1882
Crystallaria cincotta Welsh & Wood 2008
Etheostoma akatulo Layman & Mayden 2009
Etheostoma artesiae (Hay 1881)
Etheostoma asprigene (Forbes 1878)
Etheostoma atripinne (Jordan 1877)
Etheostoma autumnale Mayden 2010
Etheostoma baileyi Page & Burr 1982
Etheostoma barbouri Kuehne & Small 1971
Etheostoma barrenense Burr & Page 1982
Etheostoma basilare Page & Hardman
Etheostoma bellator Suttkus & Bailey 1993
Etheostoma bellum Zorach 1968
Etheostoma bison Ceas & Page 1997
Etheostoma blennioides Rafinesque 1819
Etheostoma blennius Gilbert & Swain 1887
Etheostoma brevirostrum Suttkus & Etnier 1991
Etheostoma brevispinum (Coker 1926)
Etheostoma burri Ceas & Page 1997
Etheostoma caeruleum Storer 1845
Etheostoma camurum (Cope 1870)
Etheostoma cervus Powers & Mayden 2003
Etheostoma chermocki Boschung, Mayden & Tomelleri 1992
Etheostoma chienense Page & Ceas 1992
Etheostoma chlorobranchium Zorach 1972
Etheostoma chlorosomum (Hay 1881)
Etheostoma chuckwachatte Mayden & Wood 1993
Etheostoma collettei Birdsong & Knapp 1969
Etheostoma collis (Hubbs & Cannon 1935)
Etheostoma colorosum Suttkus & Bailey 1993
Etheostoma coosae (Fowler 1945)
Etheostoma corona Page & Ceas 1992
Etheostoma crossopterum Braasch & Mayden 1985
Etheostoma davisoni Hay 1885
Etheostoma denoncourti Stauffer & van Snik 1997
Etheostoma derivativum Page & Hardman
Etheostoma douglasi Wood & Mayden 1993
Etheostoma duryi Henshall 1889
Etheostoma edwini (Hubbs & Cannon 1935)
Etheostoma erythrozonum Switzer & Wood 2009
Etheostoma etnieri Bouchard 1977
Etheostoma etowahae Wood & Mayden 1993
Etheostoma euzonum (Hubbs & Black 1940)
Etheostoma exile (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819
Etheostoma flavum Etnier & Bailey 1989
Etheostoma forbesi Page & Ceas 1992
Etheostoma fragi Distler 1968
Etheostoma fricksium Hildebrand 1923
Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854)
Etheostoma gracile (Girard 1859)
Etheostoma gutselli (Hildebrand 1932)
Etheostoma histrio Jordan & Gilbert 1887
Etheostoma inscriptum (Jordan & Brayton 1878)
Etheostoma jessiae (Jordan & Brayton 1878)
Etheostoma jordani Gilbert 1891
Etheostoma juliae Meek 1891
Etheostoma kantuckeense Ceas & Page 1997
Etheostoma kennicotti (Putnam 1863)
Etheostoma lachneri Suttkus & Bailey 1994
Etheostoma lawrencei Ceas & Burr 2002
Etheostoma lemniscatum Blanton 2008
Etheostoma lepidum (Baird & Girard 1853)
Etheostoma longimanum Jordan 1888
Etheostoma lugoi Norris & Minckley 1997
Etheostoma lynceum Hay 1885
Etheostoma marmorpinnum Blanton & Jenkins 2008
Etheostoma microlepidum Raney & Zorach 1967
Etheostoma microperca Jordan & Gilbert 1888
Etheostoma mihileze Mayden 2010
Etheostoma occidentale Powers & Mayden 2007
Etheostoma orientale Powers & Mayden 2007
Etheostoma planasaxatile Powers & Mayden 2007
Etheostoma segrex Norris & Minckley 1997
Etheostoma spilotum Gilbert 1887
Etheostoma tennesseense Powers & Mayden 2007
Gymnocephalus ambriaelacus Geiger & Schliewen 2010
Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758
Percarina maeotica Kuznetsov 1888
Percina antesella Williams & Etnier 1977
Percina apristis (Hubbs & Hubbs 1954)
Percina aurolineata Suttkus & Ramsey 1967
Percina aurora Suttkus & Thompson 1994
Percina austroperca Thompson 1995
Percina burtoni Fowler 1945
Percina cymatotaenia (Gilbert & Meek 1887)
Percina jenkinsi Thompson 1985
Percina lenticula Richards & Knapp 1964
Percina macrocephala (Cope 1867)
Percina macrolepida Stevenson 1971
Percina nasuta (Bailey 1941)
Percina pantherina (Moore & Reeves 1955)
Percina rex (Jordan & Evermann 1889)
Percina tanasi Etnier 1976
Percina uranidea (Jordan & Gilbert 1887)
Romanichthys valsanicola Dumitrescu, Bănărescu & Stoica 1957
124 irmãos adicionais truncado por brevidade.
Veja o
arquivo de recurso
para uma lista completa.
NCBI
root
cellular organisms
Eukaryota
Opisthokonta
Metazoa
Eumetazoa
Bilateria
Deuterostomia
Chordata
Craniata
Vertebrata
Gnathostomata
Teleostomi
Euteleostomi
Actinopterygii
Actinopteri
Neopterygii
Teleostei
Osteoglossocephalai
Clupeocephala
Euteleosteomorpha
Neoteleostei
Eurypterygia
Ctenosquamata
Acanthomorphata
Euacanthomorphacea
Percomorphaceae
Eupercaria
Perciformes
Percoidei
Percidae
Etheostomatinae
Etheostoma
Oligocephalus
Etheostoma hopkinsi
(essa página)
Etheostoma hopkinsi hopkinsi
Etheostoma artesiae
Etheostoma asprigene
Etheostoma australe
Etheostoma binotatum
Etheostoma bison
Etheostoma burri
Etheostoma caeruleum
Etheostoma collettei
Etheostoma cyanorum
Etheostoma ditrema
Etheostoma exile
Etheostoma fragi
Etheostoma grahami
Etheostoma kantuckeense
Etheostoma lawrencei
Etheostoma lepidum
Etheostoma lugoi
Etheostoma luteovinctum
Etheostoma nuchale
Etheostoma paludosum
Etheostoma pottsii
Etheostoma radiosum
Etheostoma segrex
Etheostoma spectabile
Etheostoma spectabile × Etheostoma caeruleum
Etheostoma swaini
Etheostoma tecumsehi
Etheostoma uniporum
Etheostoma whipplei
wikidata_hierarchy tar gz
Biota
Eukaryota
Unikonta
Opisthokonta
Holozoa
Filozoa
Apoikozoa
Animalia
Eumetazoa
Bilateria
Deuterostomia
Chordata
Olfactores
Craniata
Vertebrata
Gnathostomata
Actinopterygii
Neopterygii
Teleostei
Acanthomorpha
Acanthopterygii
Perciformes
Percoidei
Percoidea
Percidae
Etheostoma
Poecilichthys
Poecilichthys hopkinsi
(essa página)
Poecilichthys coosae
Poecilichthys euzonus
Poecilichthys gutselli
Poecilichthys jessiae
Poecilichthys osburni
Poecilichthys tetrazonus
wikidata_hierarchy tar gz
Biota
Eukaryota
Unikonta
Opisthokonta
Holozoa
Filozoa
Apoikozoa
Animalia
Eumetazoa
Bilateria
Deuterostomia
Chordata
Olfactores
Craniata
Vertebrata
Gnathostomata
Actinopterygii
Neopterygii
Teleostei
Acanthomorpha
Acanthopterygii
Perciformes
Percoidei
Percoidea
Percidae
Etheostoma
Etheostoma hopkinsi
(essa página)
Catonotus
Doration
Etheostoma acuticeps
Etheostoma aquali
Etheostoma asprigene
Etheostoma atripinne
Etheostoma australe
Etheostoma baileyi
Etheostoma barbouri
Etheostoma barrenense
Etheostoma basilare
Etheostoma bellum
Etheostoma bison
Etheostoma brevirostrum
Etheostoma caeruleum
Etheostoma camurum
Etheostoma cervus
Etheostoma chermocki
Etheostoma chienense
Etheostoma chlorobranchium
Etheostoma chlorosomum
Etheostoma cinereum
Etheostoma clinton
Etheostoma cragini
Etheostoma crossopterum
Etheostoma cymatotaenia
Etheostoma denoncourti
Etheostoma derivativum
Etheostoma ditrema
Etheostoma exile
Etheostoma faulkneri
Etheostoma flabellaris
Etheostoma flavum
Etheostoma forbesi
Etheostoma fragi
Etheostoma fricksia
Etheostoma fusiforme
Etheostoma gore
Etheostoma grahami
Etheostoma jessiae
Etheostoma jimmycarter
Etheostoma jordani
Etheostoma kanawhae
Etheostoma kantuckeense
Etheostoma kennicotti
Etheostoma lawrencei
Etheostoma longimana
Etheostoma luteovinctum
Etheostoma lynceum
Etheostoma macrocephalum
Etheostoma maculatum
Etheostoma mariae
Etheostoma meadiae
Etheostoma microlepidum
Etheostoma microperca
Etheostoma moorei
Etheostoma nebra
Etheostoma neopterum
Etheostoma nevisense
Etheostoma nianguae
Etheostoma nigripinne
Etheostoma nigrum
Etheostoma obeyense
Etheostoma olivaceum
Etheostoma oophylax
Etheostoma osburni
Etheostoma ouachitae
Etheostoma parvipinne
Etheostoma peltatum
Etheostoma percnurum
Etheostoma phoxocephalum
Etheostoma phytophilum
Etheostoma pottsii
Etheostoma proeliare
Etheostoma pseudovulatum
Etheostoma pyrrhogaster
Etheostoma rex
Etheostoma roanoka
Etheostoma rubrum
Etheostoma rufilineatum
Etheostoma rupestre
Etheostoma sanguifluum
Etheostoma scotti
Etheostoma squamatus
Etheostoma squamiceps
Etheostoma stigmaeum
Etheostoma striatulum
Etheostoma susanae
Etheostoma swaini
Etheostoma swannanoa
Etheostoma thompsoni
Etheostoma tippecanoe
Etheostoma trisella
Etheostoma tuscumbia
Etheostoma uranidea
Etheostoma vulneratum
Etheostoma zonale
Etheostoma zonistium
Oligocephalus
Poecilichthys
76 irmãos adicionais truncado por brevidade.
Veja o
arquivo de recurso
para uma lista completa.
