Creagrutus calai Vari & Harold 2001

Creagrutus calai

DIAGNOSIS.—The combination of the possession of premaxillary dentition arranged in the three components generalized for most of the species of Creagrutus and Piabina without a distinctly larger gap between the first and second teeth of the primary series, typically 6 teeth in the primary series of each premaxilla, 3 maxillary teeth, 5 teeth on each dentary, 9 to 11 median predorsal scales, 37 to 41 lateral line scales without a lamellar process over each pore, 4, rarely 5, scale rows between the dorsal-fin origin and the lateral line, 2 post-anal scales to the anal-fin origin, 10 to 12 branched anal-fin rays, 7 to 9 gill rakers on the upper limb and 11 to 13 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch, the head length (24.3%–27.5% of SL), the postorbital head length (41.2%–46.1% of HL), the interorbital width (28.8%–32.3% of HL), the contact between the ventral margin of the third infraorbital and the horizontal limb of the preopercle in larger specimens, the presence of a horizontally elongate, darkly pigmented, middorsal mark immediately posterior of the head, the lack of a distinct spot of dark pigmentation at the base of the middle caudal-fin rays, the overall vertically elongate, irregularly shaped, humeral mark most intensely pigmented in the area above the lateral line and without a secondary, dorsal patch of pigmentation, the absence of a distinct patch of pigmentation on the dorsal fin, and the lack of a series of dark spots along the midlateral surface of the body distinguishes Creagrutus calai within the clade formed by Creagrutus and Piabina.

Characters A B

Morphometrics

Standard length 54.2 33.0–66.0

1. Snout to anal-fin origin 62.4 61.2–66.0

2. Snout to pelvic-fin insertion 45.4 45.1–48.1

3. Snout to pectoral-fin insertion 24.0 23.1–26.8

4. Snout to dorsal-fin origin 45.6 44.4–49.2

5. Dorsal-fin origin to hypural joint 57.7 54.1–59.5

6. Dorsal-fin origin to anal-fin origin 31.2 28.8–34.2

7. Dorsal-fin origin to pelvic-fin insertion 26.0 25.6–29.0

8. Dorsal-fin origin to pectoral-fin insertion 30.8 30.5–34.1

9. Caudal peduncle depth 10.9 10.4–12.2

10. Pectoral-fin length 18.6 17.9–22.0

11. Pelvic-fin length 18.4 14.6–18.6

12. Dorsal-fin length 19.2 18.8–22.6

13. Anal-fin length 16.4 15.0–18.5

14. Head length 24.5 24.3–27.5

15. Postorbital head length 41.4 41.2–46.1

16. Snout length 29.3 26.4–31.7

17. Bony orbital diameter 35.4 31.1–35.6

18. Interorbital width 32.0 28.8–32.3

Meristics

Lateral line scales 39 37–411

Scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 4 4–52

Scale rows between anal-fin origin and lateral line 3 3–43

Predorsal median scales 10 9–11

Branched dorsal-fin rays 8 8

Branched anal-fin rays 11 10–12

Branched pelvic-fin rays 6 6–74

Pectoral-fin rays 14 13–15

Vertebrae 37 36–39

1Thirty-seven and 41 lateral line scales each present in only 1 paratype.

2Five scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line present in only 1 paratype.

3Four scale rows between anal-fin origin and lateral line present in only 1 paratype; larger paratypes with sheath of much smaller scales along base of anterior anal-fin rays.

4Seven branched anal-fin rays present only in some larger paratypes.

DESCRIPTION.—Morphometric and meristic data for Creagrutus calai in Table 12. Head and body relatively slender in smaller specimens, becoming increasingly robust in larger specimens. Greatest body depth approximately at dorsal-fin origin in specimens up to 40 mm SL, falling between dorsal-fin origin and vertical midway between pectoral- and pelvic-fin insertions in larger specimens. Dorsal profile of head distinctly convex from margin of upper lip to vertical through posterior nostril, straight from that point to tip of supraoccipital spine. Interorbital region somewhat flattened transversely. Predorsal profile of body straight to slightly convex. Predorsal surface of body with obtuse median ridge posteriorly. Ventral profile of head with variably obvious obtuse angle at anteroventral corner of dentary, straight to very gently convex from angle to isthmus. Prepelvic profile of body convex, increasingly so in larger individuals. Prepelvic region of body obtusely flattened transversely.

Head obtusely flattened in lateral view and moderately compressed laterally in dorsal view. Upper jaw longer than, and overhanging, lower jaw. Anterior portion of snout fleshy with scattered papillae. Papillae more concentrated along ventral surface of upper lip and on fleshy folds and plicae extending between outer and medial premaxillary teeth. Anterior and particularly dorsal surfaces of lower lip with numerous papillae.

Infraorbital series moderately well developed in all specimens larger than 35 mm SL, proportionally somewhat more extensive posteriorly in larger individuals. Ventral margin of third infraorbital contacting, or nearly contacting, horizontal limb of preopercle. Posterior and ventral margins of third infraorbital approximately at right angles, with posteroventral corner of bone slightly rounded. Posterior margins of third through fifth infraorbitals separated from vertical limb of preopercle; gap between infraorbitals and preopercle progressively decreasing dorsally.

Premaxillary dentition in three series: primary row slightly curved to slightly sigmoid, typically with 6 teeth (5 teeth present on one side of head in two individuals), without pronounced gap between first and second tooth of series but with medial tooth separated from comparable tooth of contralateral series; triangular cluster of three somewhat to distinctly larger teeth; and single tooth of form similar to that of primary series occurring lateral to primary series; when 6 teeth present in primary series, single tooth of form similar to that of primary series located lateral to fourth tooth of primary series or lateral to area of contact of fourth and fifth teeth of primary series, when 5 teeth present in primary series, single tooth of form similar to that of primary series located lateral to third tooth of primary series. Maxillary teeth 3, tricuspidate. Dentary teeth 5, first two teeth largest, with first tooth about two-thirds height of second tooth and distinctly narrower. Third dentary tooth about one-third height of second tooth. Remaining dentary teeth half as high as third tooth and tricuspidate.

Dorsal-fin rays ii,8 in all specimens. Dorsal-fin origin approximately at vertical through pelvic-fin insertion. Profile of distal margin of dorsal fin straight to slightly concave. Anal-fin rays ii, 10–12 or iii, 10–12, with first unbranched ray very short when three unbranched rays present. Distal profile of anal-fin concave, more so in larger individuals. Anal-fin hooks present on first and second or first through third rays in mature males. Pectoral-fin rays i, 12–14. Tip of pectoral fin reaching posteriorly to within 2 or 3 scales of pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic-fin rays i,6,i or i,7; i,7 occurs only in larger specimens. Tip of pelvic fin reaching posteriorly to, or nearly to, anal-fin origin. Mature males with pelvic-fin hooks present on all branched rays (6 or 7 rays depending on number of branched rays in an individual).

Gill rakers 7–9 + 11–13.

COLORATION IN ALCOHOL.—Overall ground coloration of specimens tan. Dorsal surface of head with deep-lying larger stellate chromatophores and smaller surface chromatophores; chromatophore concentration greater in larger individuals. Chromatophore field extending onto snout, upper lip, and region anterior and anteroventral to orbit. Region anterior to nostrils with more intensely pigmented, crescent-shaped field of dark chromatophores. Smaller and medium-sized individuals with posteroventrally angled stripe of dark chromatophores extending from under nostril to anteroventral margin of eye; stripe subsumed into overall darker pigmentation in that region in larger individuals. Fourth and fifth infraorbitals, dorsal portion of third infraorbital, and dorsal portion of opercle with dispersed dark chromatophores in juveniles; chromatophore field more concentrated in larger individuals, with dark chromatophores on cheek posterior to third infraorbital, lower portion of opercle, and along subopercle. Lower jaw with field of small dark chromatophores anteriorly.

Scales of dorsolateral portion of body with dense field of small dark chromatophores and distal pattern of larger, more diffuse chromatophores; chromatophore fields separated by hyaline or less pigmented region. Less pigmented areas apparent as reticulate pattern on dorsolateral region of body. Scales ventral to that area with irregular pattern of scattered, dark chromatophores slightly more concentrated along scale margins dorsal to lateral line. Humeral mark vertically elongate; most intensely pigmented in area immediately dorsal of lateral line. Intensely pigmented region of humeral mark more developed horizontally than regions dorsal and ventral to it. Humeral mark continuing ventrally from intensely pigmented region as more diffuse ventrally attenuating region of dark pigmentation. Portion of mark dorsal to central section less intensely pigmented, typically somewhat anteriorly arching and extending one to one and one-half scales dorsally from central region. Midlateral stripe well developed but less intensely pigmented anteriorly, falling 3 or 4 scales short of posterior margin of humeral spot in specimens smaller than approximately 40 mm SL; stripe extending anteriorly to posterior margin of humeral mark; anterior portion somewhat masked by guanine in some specimens.

Dorsal-fin rays outlined by dark chromatophores and with scattered, dark chromatophores on distal portions of anterior rays. Anal fin with small chromatophores outlining basal portions of anterior rays and scattered chromatophores on distal portions of anterior branched rays. Middle caudal-fin rays more intensely pigmented than remainder of fin; pigmentation forming faint stripe in specimens of approximately 40 mm SL, and distinct stripe in larger individuals. Remaining caudal-fin rays outlined by chromatophores, with greater intensity of pigmentation on dorsalmost and ventralmost portions of fin. Pectoral and pelvic fins with rays lightly outlined by series of dark chromatophores.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name, calai, is in honor of Plutarco Cala, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, in recognition of his many contributions to our understanding of Colombian freshwater fishes, and for his assistance to the authors.

ECOLOGY.—Stomach contents of two specimens of Creagrutus calai prepared for clearing and staining in this study consisted of chopped-up seeds and insect parts.

DISTRIBUTION.—Creagrutus calai occurs in the western portions of the RÍo Meta basin in eastern Colombia (Figure 33, squares).

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—66 specimens (59, 33.0–66.0).

HOLOTYPE.—COLOMBIA. Meta: Unnamed stream on Rancho El Viento, across Río Meta from Puerto Lopez (4°08′N, 72°39′W), collected by J.E. BÖhlke and N.R. Foster, 20 May 1969, ANSP 130527, 1 (54.2).

PARATYPES.—58 specimens (58, 33.0–66.0).

COLOMBIA. Meta: Unnamed stream on Rancho El Viento, across RÍo Meta from Puerto Lopez (4°08′N, 72°39′W), collected with holotype, ANSP 177718, 12 (40.7–58.0); USNM 353307, 4 (42.0–56.1). Rancho El Viento, Cañ Emma (4°08′N, 72°39′W), collected by J.E. Böhlke and N.R. Foster, 18 Mar 1973, ANSP 139149, 18 (33.0–65.3); USNM 353304, 4 (42.9–59.5; 2 specimens cleared and counterstained). Rio Meta basin, Caño Candelaria, tributary to RÍo Negro, approximately 20 km SW of Villavicencio, collected by A.M.C. Silfvergrip, 10 Jan 1988, NRM 43015, 2 (64.1–66.0). Rio Meta basin, Caño Quenane, tributary to Río Negro, where crossed by road between Villavicencio and Puerto López (4°02′N, 73°10′W), collected by A.M.C. Silfvergrip, 7 Jan 1988, NRM 16849, 10 (46.3–60.0); USNM 353868, 2 (46.6–56.2). Río Meta basin, Caño Quenane, tributary to Río Negro, where crossed by road between Villavicencio and Puerto López (4°02′N, 73°10′W), collected by A.M.C. Silfvergrip, 7 Jan 1988, NRM 16848, 1 (53.9). Río Meta basin, Caño Union, tributary to Río Ocoa, where crossed by road between Villavicencio and Acacías, collected by A.M.C. Silfvergrip, 7 Jan 1988, NRM 43016, 5 (40.6–58.4).

NONTYPE SPECIMENS.—7 specimens.

COLOMBIA. Meta: Cordillera Macarena, small brook into Río Guayabero, 5 mi (8.0 km) below El Refugio, elev. 900 ft (approximately 274 m), CAS 153758, 6. Villavicencio, Río Meta basin (4°09′N, 73°39′W), USNM 100790, 1.

Creagrutus calai, USNM 353304, 2, 44.8–49.0 mm, paratypes; Colombia, Meta, Caño Emma, Finca El Viento

Creagrutus caucanus, USNM 79187, 1, 69.2 mm; Colombia, Valle, Paila. USNM 120147, 1, 45.8 mm; Colombia, upper Río Cauca.

Creagrutus calai és una espècie de peix de la família dels caràcids i de l'ordre dels caraciformes.

Creagrutus calai es una especie de peces de la familia Characidae en el orden de los Characiformes.

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Creagrutus calai Creagrutus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Actinopterygii klasean sailkatzen da, Characidae familian.

卡氏鈎齒脂鯉，為輻鰭魚綱脂鯉目脂鯉亞目脂鯉科的其中一個種，分布於南美洲Cauca河上游流域，體長可達8.3公分，棲息在底中層水域，生活習性不明。