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Imagem de Varanus bitatawa Welton, Siler, Bennett, Diesmos, Ruya, Dugay, Rico, Van Weerd & Brown 2010
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Varanus bitatawa Welton, Siler, Bennett, Diesmos, Ruya, Dugay, Rico, Van Weerd & Brown 2010

Behaviour ( Inglês )

fornecido por Amphibians and Reptiles of the Philippines

Although no behavioral studies have been on this species, it is assumed to be very similar to its closest relative, Varanus olivaceus. All frugivorous monitors are highly secretive, and rarely seen through chance encounters. Gray's monitor has been documented spending several days at a time in the tops of fruiting trees, decending to the ground only to move to the next tree.

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Siler, Cameron
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Siler, Cameron

Biology ( Inglês )

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Varanus bitatawa is one of three species of primarily frugivorous monitor lizards (Subgenus: Philippinosaurus), all of which are endemic to the Philippines. This species exhibits a dark gray dorsal ground color overlain with bright yellow-gold dorsal bands, comprised of transverse series of ocelli. Tail with unbroken dorsal bands.

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Siler, Cameron
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Siler, Cameron

Conservation ( Inglês )

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Varanus bitatawa has only recently been introduced to the scientific community, and consequently must be considered data-defficient when assessing its conservation. This species is targeted as a bush meat delicacy by local tribespeoples, and despite a relatively wide distribution, is likely highly impacted by harvest and habitat degradation.

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Conservation Status ( Inglês )

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Varanus bitatawa is designated as a CITES Appendix II species. This taxon is not currently threatened by extinction, but may become so unless trade or other factors are closely monitored.

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Siler, Cameron

Diagnostic Description ( Inglês )

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Varanus bitatawa generally exhibits a dark gray to black dorsal ground color, overlain by highly contrasting bright yellow or golden yellow blotches and spots. Head and neck with irregularly arranged bright gold blotches ususally consisting of 1-8 scales, density of brightly colored scales incresing anterolaterally on head. Trunk generally patterned with a series of transverse bands comprised of variably-sized yellow to gold oscelli; bands may be interspersed with smaller irregular blotches; limbs colored similar to body, but often with less discernable bands, and gold coloration becoming more prominent distally; hands and feet primarily golden yellow, with irregular aggregations of black scales; digits variably banded golden-yellow, often with single enlarged yellow terminal scale sheathing the claw; tail with regular golden-yellow bands from insertion to terminus, with alternating black bands containing small irregular yellow blotches. Ventral coloration less variable, bright yellow; gular and nuchal regions slightly darker; limbs similar to body; hands and feet black, except for a variable number of golden-yellow terminal scale rows; tail uniform yellow ventrally. Tongue is pinkish gray, and the iris is brick red.

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Distribution ( Inglês )

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Varanus bitatawa is known only from central and northern portions of the Sierra Madre mountains of northern Luzon Island, Philippines. Based on the localities of the type series and photographic accounts, this species is expected to inhabit suitable habitat from the San Ildefonso Peninsula (Aurora Province), north through Isabela and Cagayan provinces to Peñablanca and Baggao municipalities.

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Ecology ( Inglês )

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As with the other two species of frugivorous monitors, Varanus bitatawa is a predominately arboreal species, spending vast amounts of time in the canopies of fruiting trees. During dry periods, it can be expected to transition to a more terrestrial lifestyle in search of a preferred secondary food source, snails.

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Etymology ( Inglês )

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The specific epithet for this species is derived from bitatawa, the Agta tribespeoples' common name for this species throughout much of its distribution.

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Faunal Affinity ( Inglês )

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Luzon Pleistocene Aggregate Island Complex

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Habitat ( Inglês )

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Varanus bitatawa is assumed to be a forest obligate (as has been documented with its closest relatives V. mabitang and V. olivaceus), and is heavily dependent upon unfragmented lowland and mid-elevation forests with sufficient stands of fruiting Pandanus, Canrium, or Ficus trees.

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Siler, Cameron

Look Alikes ( Inglês )

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Superficially, Varanus bitatawa may be confused with species of Philippine water monitors (V. marmoratus, V. cumingi, or V. palawanensis) based on the presence of golden-yellow dorsal patterning, but can easily be distinguished from those species by characteristics of body size, behavior, and dietary preference.

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Management ( Inglês )

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Varanus bitatawa is likely a forest obligate, requiring relatively large tracts of intact habitat. Specifically, the protection of habitat which includes dense populations of this species' prefered fruiting trees (Pandanus, Canarium, and Ficus) will be essential for maintaining this species in the future.

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Siler, Cameron

Threats ( Inglês )

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The most severe threat to this species is likely habitat loss or degradation. Assessing the full impact of bush meat harvesting on V. bitatawa requires future investigations.

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Siler, Cameron

Brief Summary ( Inglês )

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Vavanus bitatawa is a 6 foot (2 meters), brightly colored monitor lizard that was hidden from science in the heavily deforested island of Luzon in the Philippines until 2009. Large terrestrial lizards rarely go unnoticed, and with its black and gold patterned scales, V. bitatawa is relatively conspicuous (Welton, et al. 2010).

It may be big, colorful, and inhabit a heavily populated area--Luzon is host to the three largest cities in the Philippines, including Manila, Quezon City, and Caloocan City--but V. bitatawa was unknown to scientists until 2009. The scientists who first recorded seeing the species suspect V. bitatawa, like its close relative V. olivaceous, is secretive and "hides" in trees (Welton, et al. 2010) (Read more: Behavior).

While the lizard was still absent from scientists' biodiversity register, it was well known to the indigenous Agta and Ilongot tribespeople, who regard it as a rich source of protein. In fact, the name Bitatawa is derived from the Agta tribe's common name for the species.(Welton, et al. 2010)

Despite its elusive nature, V. bitatawa cannot hide from the deforestation activity that is threatening its habitat in the northern Sierra Madre mountains. Locals are tearing down the forests for logging, both legal and illegal, and small-scale subsistence agriculture. The Philippines were thought to be nearly completely covered in primary forest, but in the late 1990s, studies showed less than 6 percent of the land cover retained intact lowland forest. Since then, reports show more forests are being cleared. Scientists say they hope charismatic species like V. bitatawa can become effective flagship species for conservation efforts for Luzon's forests (McGinely and WWF 2008) (Read more: Trends and Threats).

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Trends ( Inglês )

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The habitat of V. bitatawa is highly deforested. Scientists hope large vertebrate species like V. bitatawa will act as flagship species for conserving the forests in Luzon (Welton, et al. 2010).

The island's mountain ranges and river valleys create disparate habitats allowing for differential evolution of related taxa. This means the biodiversity in the region may be richer than previously thought, and the Philippines may be well on their way to being listed as a biodiversity hotspot. Threats to V. varanus's habitat include legal and illegal logging, unsustainable hunting and the construction of roads that transect the forests (Lamoreux, 2001).

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Conservation Status ( Inglês )

fornecido por EOL authors
V. bitatawa is not yet included in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Its closest relative, Varanus olivaceus is listed as Vulnerable (IUCN, 2010).
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Habitat ( Inglês )

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V. bitatawa inhabits the northern forests in the Sierra Madre Range on Luzon Island in the Philippines (Welton, et al. 2010).
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Distribution ( Inglês )

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V. bitatawa are found in central and northern Sierra Madres in Luzon in the Philippines (Welton, et al. 2010).

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Diagnostic Description ( Inglês )

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V. bitatawa has a large, robust body. Its dorsal side is black and golden, and the head is black speckled with yellow. The forelimbs are more yellow than black, while the hindlimbs are black with large yellow spots. The tail is striped with black and yellow. Its nares, or nostrils, are anteriorly directed. Like other members of its genus, V. bitatawa displays hemipenal morphology (Welton, et al. 2010).
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Behavior ( Inglês )

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V. bitatawa is suspected of being a secretive species like its closest relative, Varanus olivaceus, meaning it never leaves the forests to traverse open areas. (Welton, et al., 2010)
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Size ( Inglês )

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V. bitatawa has a large, robust body. Its dorsal side is black and golden, and the head is black speckled with yellow. The forelimbs are more yellow than black, while the hind limbs are black with large yellow spots. The tail is striped with black and yellow. Its nares, or nostrils, are anteriorly directed. Like other members of its genus, V. bitatawa displays hemipenal morphology (Welton, et al. 2010).
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Distribution ( Inglês )

fornecido por ReptileDB
Continent: Asia
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
Type locality: San Ildefonso Peninsula, Sitio Casapsipan, Barangay Casiguran, Municipality of Casiguran, Aurora Province, Luzon Island, Philippines (16.286667° N, 122.185833° E, WGS-84; 1 m elevation.
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Varanus bitatawa ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Varanus bitatawa ist eine große, auf Bäumen lebende Echse aus der Gattung der Warane (Varanus), welche sich von Früchten und Schnecken ernährt. Sie wurde erst 2010 wissenschaftlich beschrieben. Ihr momentan bekanntes Verbreitungsgebiet beschränkt sich auf die Wälder der nördlichen und zentralen Sierra Madre im östlichen Bereich der philippinischen Insel Luzon. Sie wird von zwei indigenen Völkern der Provinz Aurora, die die Echse Butikaw nennen, zur Nahrungsgewinnung gejagt. Die Art ist durch die Zerstörung ihres Lebensraums gefährdet. Ein Schutzgebiet ist der Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park.

Aussehen

Der Waran kann bis zu zwei Meter lang werden, wiegt aber maximal nur 10 Kilogramm. Seine Haut ist dunkelgrau getönt und mit goldgelben Flecken gesprenkelt. Er lebt sehr versteckt und hält sich fast nur auf Bäumen auf.

Systematik

Varanus bitatawa ist nah mit dem Panay-Waran (Varanus mabitang) und Grays Waran (Varanus olivaceus) verwandt, zwei weiteren vor allem vegetarisch lebenden Waranen der Philippinen. Letzterer kommt ebenfalls auf Luzon vor, allerdings im Süden. Um den Status von Varanus bitatawa als sich von Varanus olivaceus unterscheidender Art festzustellen, wurden sowohl morphologische Daten benutzt, als auch DNA des Zellkerns und der Mitochondrien (mtDNA) verglichen. Er unterscheidet sich außerdem in der Farbe, der Beschuppung, der Körpergröße und der Anatomie der Geschlechtsorgane.

Literatur

  • Luke J. Welton, Cameron D. Siler, Daniel Bennett, Arvin Diesmos, M. Roy Duya, Roldan Dugay, Edmund Leo B. Rico, Merlijn Van Weerd, Rafe M. Brown: A spectacular new Philippine monitor lizard reveals a hidden biogeographic boundary and a novel flagship species for conservation. Biology Letters, 2010; doi:10.1098/rsbl.2010.0119

Weblinks

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Varanus bitatawa: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Varanus bitatawa ist eine große, auf Bäumen lebende Echse aus der Gattung der Warane (Varanus), welche sich von Früchten und Schnecken ernährt. Sie wurde erst 2010 wissenschaftlich beschrieben. Ihr momentan bekanntes Verbreitungsgebiet beschränkt sich auf die Wälder der nördlichen und zentralen Sierra Madre im östlichen Bereich der philippinischen Insel Luzon. Sie wird von zwei indigenen Völkern der Provinz Aurora, die die Echse Butikaw nennen, zur Nahrungsgewinnung gejagt. Die Art ist durch die Zerstörung ihres Lebensraums gefährdet. Ein Schutzgebiet ist der Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park.

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Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
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wikipedia DE

Pezmijoka daristanan ( Curdo )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

Pezmijoka daristanan, Varanus bitatawa an pezmijoka lupî, cureyek e pezmijokên girsin ku mêwexwerin û li ser daran dijîn.[1] Ev pezmijok xwecihê Filîpîn û Îndoniziya yê ye û wek xwarin têne hesibandin li ba gelê orîjenî yê Filîpînê ku navê Butikaw lê dikin.[2]

Şayîs

Ger pezmijoka daristanan ta dirêjiyê 2 m mezin dibe, lê giraniya wê der dorî 10 kg dimîne.

Çavkanî

  1. Choi, C. Q. (6 April 2010), Dragon-sized lizard eluded science, until now, MSNBC, retrieved 6 April 2010.
  2. Milius, S. (6 April 2010), Scientists Name Large But Elusive Lizard, Science News, retrieved 6 April 2010

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Pezmijoka daristanan: Brief Summary ( Curdo )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

Pezmijoka daristanan, Varanus bitatawa an pezmijoka lupî, cureyek e pezmijokên girsin ku mêwexwerin û li ser daran dijîn. Ev pezmijok xwecihê Filîpîn û Îndoniziya yê ye û wek xwarin têne hesibandin li ba gelê orîjenî yê Filîpînê ku navê Butikaw lê dikin.

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Nivîskar û edîtorên Wikipedia-ê
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Varanus bitatawa ( Japonês )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages
 src=
Varanus bitatawa
 src=
Salira Varanus bitatawa iku panganan lumrah kanggo suku-suku tradhisional ing sawetara bagéan Filipina.

Varanus bitatawa iku siji salira sing urip ing Filipina. Salira iki akèh dipangan wong lokal.

Uga delengen

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Varanus bitatawa: Brief Summary ( Japonês )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages
 src= Varanus bitatawa  src= Salira Varanus bitatawa iku panganan lumrah kanggo suku-suku tradhisional ing sawetara bagéan Filipina.

Varanus bitatawa iku siji salira sing urip ing Filipina. Salira iki akèh dipangan wong lokal.

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பிட்டாட்டவா உடும்பு ( Tâmil )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

பிட்டாட்டவா உடும்பு அல்லது சேரா மட்ரே வன உடும்பு (ஆங்கிலம்: Sierra Madre Forest monitor lizard; இலத்தின்: Varanus bitatawa) மரத்தில் வாழும் பழம் உண்ணும் உடும்பு வகையாகும், பிலிப்பைன்சு நாட்டில் லுசோன் தீவில் அமைந்துள்ள சேரா மட்ரே வனப் பகுதிகளில் மட்டுமே வசிப்பவை என அறியப்பட்டுள்ளது. இவை இரண்டு மீட்டர்களுக்கும் (6.6 அடி) கூடுதலாக வளரக்கூடியவை, ஆனால் இவற்றின் எடை ஏறத்தாழ பத்து கிலோகிராம்கள் மட்டுமே (22 இறாத்தல்) என்பது குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது.[1][2] இவற்றின் செதில் உடல் மற்றும் கால்களில் நீல-கருப்புப் பொட்டுக்களுடன் கூடிய வெளிர் மஞ்சள் மற்றும் பச்சைப் புள்ளிகளையும், வாலில் கருப்பு மற்றும் பச்சை நிறத் துண்டங்கள் ஒன்றன்பின் ஒன்றாக அமைந்திருப்பதையும் காணலாம். ஏனைய சில பல்லி இனங்களைப் போன்று இவற்றின் ஆண் இனத்துக்கும் இரட்டை ஆண்குறிகள் உண்டு.[3] வரானசு பிட்டாட்டவா இந்தோனேசியாவில் வாழும் கொமோடோ டிராகனைப் போன்று இருக்கின்றது. ஏப்ரல் 2010-இல் புதிய உயிரினமாக அறியப்பட்டது; 2011-ம் ஆண்டுக்கான பத்து சிறப்பு உயிரினங்களில் ஒன்றாகத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.[1]

மேற்கோள்கள்

  1. 1.0 1.1 Dragon-sized lizard eluded science, until now, Arizona State University.
  2. Welton, Luke J.; Siler, Cameron D.; Bennett, Daniel; Diesmos, Arvin; Duya, M. Roy; Dugay, Roldan; Rico, Edmund Leo B.; Van Weerd, Merlijn; Brown, Rafe M. (published online April 7, 2010), "A spectacular new Philippine monitor lizard reveals a hidden biogeographic boundary and a novel flagship species for conservation", Biol. Lett., 6 (5): 654–8, doi:10.1098/rsbl.2010.0119, PMC 2936141, PMID 20375042 Check date values in: |date= (help).
  3. Hemipenes
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பிட்டாட்டவா உடும்பு: Brief Summary ( Tâmil )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

பிட்டாட்டவா உடும்பு அல்லது சேரா மட்ரே வன உடும்பு (ஆங்கிலம்: Sierra Madre Forest monitor lizard; இலத்தின்: Varanus bitatawa) மரத்தில் வாழும் பழம் உண்ணும் உடும்பு வகையாகும், பிலிப்பைன்சு நாட்டில் லுசோன் தீவில் அமைந்துள்ள சேரா மட்ரே வனப் பகுதிகளில் மட்டுமே வசிப்பவை என அறியப்பட்டுள்ளது. இவை இரண்டு மீட்டர்களுக்கும் (6.6 அடி) கூடுதலாக வளரக்கூடியவை, ஆனால் இவற்றின் எடை ஏறத்தாழ பத்து கிலோகிராம்கள் மட்டுமே (22 இறாத்தல்) என்பது குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது. இவற்றின் செதில் உடல் மற்றும் கால்களில் நீல-கருப்புப் பொட்டுக்களுடன் கூடிய வெளிர் மஞ்சள் மற்றும் பச்சைப் புள்ளிகளையும், வாலில் கருப்பு மற்றும் பச்சை நிறத் துண்டங்கள் ஒன்றன்பின் ஒன்றாக அமைந்திருப்பதையும் காணலாம். ஏனைய சில பல்லி இனங்களைப் போன்று இவற்றின் ஆண் இனத்துக்கும் இரட்டை ஆண்குறிகள் உண்டு. வரானசு பிட்டாட்டவா இந்தோனேசியாவில் வாழும் கொமோடோ டிராகனைப் போன்று இருக்கின்றது. ஏப்ரல் 2010-இல் புதிய உயிரினமாக அறியப்பட்டது; 2011-ம் ஆண்டுக்கான பத்து சிறப்பு உயிரினங்களில் ஒன்றாகத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.

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Northern Sierra Madre forest monitor ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The Northern Sierra Madre forest monitor (Varanus bitatawa), also known by the local names bitatawa, baritatawa, and butikaw, is a large, arboreal, frugivorous lizard of the genus Varanus.[2][3] The lizard is a distinctive food of the Aeta and Ilongot indigenous people of the Philippines.[4]

Description

Dorsal view of Varanus bitatawa with inset showing a lateral view of the head

The forest monitor lizard can grow to more than 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in length, and weigh up to 15 kg (33 lb), or possibly more.[5] Its scaly body and legs are a blue-black mottled with pale yellow-green dots, while its tail is marked in alternating segments of black and green.[6] Dorsal ground coloration is black, accentuated with bright golden yellow in life, while the dorsum is golden yellow spots and flecks.[2]

News reports emphasized that males have hemipenes, paired penis-like organs.[6][7] However, all male lizards and snakes have hemipenes.[8]

Behavior

Varanus bitatawa is one of only three frugivorous lizards in the Varanidae family along with V. olivaceus and V. mabitang.[2]

The Northern Sierra Madre forest monitor specializes in eating the fruit of Pandan palm trees.[9] They spend most of their time in trees, more than 20 meters above the ground; similar species spend less than 20 minutes on the ground per week.[10]

Taxonomy and distribution

Varanus bitatawa was described as a new species in April 2010 by biologists from the University of Kansas. DNA analysis has revealed genetic divergence between this species and its closest relative, Gray's Monitor (Varanus olivaceus), which is also a fruit-eater, but lives on the southern end of Luzon, rather than the northern end where the forest monitor lizard lives.[2]

The known range of Varanus bitatawa is currently limited to the Sierra Madre Forest on the northeastern coast of the island of Luzon, Philippines.

Varanus bitatawa is most closely related to another species of fruit-eating monitor from the Philippines, V. olivaceus. The relationship of these two species to the third known species of fruit-eating monitor, V. mabitang, is unknown due to a lack of genetic data on V. mabitang, but similar genital morphology[11] suggests that these three species are each others' closest relatives (sometimes referred to as subgenus Philippinosaurus[12]).

Fruit-eating monitor lizards are most closely related to a larger Indo-Asian clade of small monitor lizards that includes the arboreal V. prasinus complex and the mangrove monitors (V. indicus complex).[12][13] They are more distantly related to other Indo-Asian monitor lizards, such as V. salvator, and still more distantly related to Indo-Australian monitors, including the well-known Komodo dragon of Indonesia.

References

  1. ^ Diesmos, A.C.; Diesmos, M.; Lorenzo, A.; Necesito, L.; Sy, E. (2022). "Varanus bitatawa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T199808A2612546. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d Welton, L. J.; Siler, C. D.; Bennett, D.; Diesmos, A.; Duya, M. R.; Dugay, R.; Rico, E. L. B.; Van Weerd, M.; Brown, R. M. (2010). "A spectacular new Philippine monitor lizard reveals a hidden biogeographic boundary and a novel flagship species for conservation". Biology Letters. 6 (5): 654–658. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2010.0119. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 2936141. PMID 20375042.
  3. ^ "Third Quarter Topical Issue – Philippine Endemic Lizards". PHLPOST. Philippine Postal Corporation. 20 July 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
  4. ^ Milius, S. (6 April 2010). "Scientists Name Large But Elusive Lizard". Science News. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
  5. ^ First record of Varanus bitatawa in the Philippine pet trade (PDF). Sy, EMERSON Y. p. 73.
  6. ^ a b AFP (7 April 2010). "New giant, double-penis lizard - Varanus bitatawa or monitor lizard - found on Luzon Island in the Philippines". Herald Sun. Retrieved 11 April 2013.
  7. ^ Liyu, Lin (7 April 2010). "Lizard with 2 penises found in Philippines". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 10 April 2010. Retrieved 7 April 2010..
  8. ^ "Hemipenes". Melissa Kaplan's Herp Care Collection. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
  9. ^ "New Lizard Species Discovered in Philippines". Leiden University Research Portal News. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
  10. ^ Owen, James (7 April 2010). "New Giant Lizard Discovery "an Unprecedented Surprise"". National Geographic News. National Geographic. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
  11. ^ Böhme, Wolfgang; Ziegler, Thomas (2009). "A review of iguanian and anguimorph lizard genitalia (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae; Varanoidea, Shinisauridae, Xenosauridae, Anguidae) and their phylogenetic significance: comparisons with molecular data sets". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 47 (2): 189–202. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2008.00495.x.
  12. ^ a b Ast, JC (2001). "Mitochondrial DNA evidence and evolution in Varanoidea (Squamata)" (PDF). Cladistics. 17 (3): 211–226. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2001.tb00118.x. hdl:2027.42/72302. S2CID 53623809.
  13. ^ Pyron, RA; Burbrink, F; Wiens, JJ (2013). "A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 13: 93. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-93. PMC 3682911. PMID 23627680.

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Northern Sierra Madre forest monitor: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The Northern Sierra Madre forest monitor (Varanus bitatawa), also known by the local names bitatawa, baritatawa, and butikaw, is a large, arboreal, frugivorous lizard of the genus Varanus. The lizard is a distinctive food of the Aeta and Ilongot indigenous people of the Philippines.

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Varanus bitatawa ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

El varano gigante filipino (Varanus bitatawa)[1]​ es una especie de saurópsido escamoso de la familia Varanidae. Es el último lagarto gigante en ser localizado y clasificado hasta el momento. Su descubrimiento y clasificación ha sido fruto del esfuerzo que un grupo de científicos ha realizado en la isla de Luzón (Filipinas), concretamente en la cordillera de Sierra Madre, durante la última década.[2]​ Su estudio comienza a raíz de unas fotografías en las que se apreciaba a un grupo de cazadores portar un lagarto gigante de color negro y amarillo que no estaba clasificado hasta la fecha. Por ello un grupo científico se trasladó al lugar y tras localizar algunas pruebas de su posible existencia consiguieron dar con un ejemplar al que capturaron. Estudios de ADN confirmaron que se trataba de una nueva especie.[3]

Se alimenta principalmente de frutas y caracoles,[4]​ siendo uno de los pocos de su género que sigue esta dieta. Habita zonas boscosas que rara vez abandona y su tamaño oscila entre los 30 centímetros y los 2 metros. Por el momento es difícil determinar su estado de conservación o calcular su población.

Referencias

  1. Luke J. Welton, Cameron D. Siler, Daniel Bennett, Arvin Diesmos, M. Roy Duya, Roldan Dugay, Edmund Leo B. Rico, Merlijn Van Weerd, & Rafe M. Brown. 2010. A spectacular new Philippine monitor lizard reveals a hidden biogeographic boundary and a novel flagship species for conservation. Biology Letters (published online before print April 7, 2010) Resumen (en inglés)
  2. Identifican un lagarto gigante y «escurridizo» en Filipinas. ABC.es, sección biosfera, 7 de abril de 2010
  3. Milius, S., Scientist Name Large But Elusive Lizard (en inglés), Science News, consultado el 6 de abril de 2010..
  4. Datos e imagen de Varanus bitatawa

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Varanus bitatawa: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

El varano gigante filipino (Varanus bitatawa)​ es una especie de saurópsido escamoso de la familia Varanidae. Es el último lagarto gigante en ser localizado y clasificado hasta el momento. Su descubrimiento y clasificación ha sido fruto del esfuerzo que un grupo de científicos ha realizado en la isla de Luzón (Filipinas), concretamente en la cordillera de Sierra Madre, durante la última década.​ Su estudio comienza a raíz de unas fotografías en las que se apreciaba a un grupo de cazadores portar un lagarto gigante de color negro y amarillo que no estaba clasificado hasta la fecha. Por ello un grupo científico se trasladó al lugar y tras localizar algunas pruebas de su posible existencia consiguieron dar con un ejemplar al que capturaron. Estudios de ADN confirmaron que se trataba de una nueva especie.​

Se alimenta principalmente de frutas y caracoles,​ siendo uno de los pocos de su género que sigue esta dieta. Habita zonas boscosas que rara vez abandona y su tamaño oscila entre los 30 centímetros y los 2 metros. Por el momento es difícil determinar su estado de conservación o calcular su población.

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Varanus bitatawa ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Varanus bitatawa Varanus generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Varanidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Varanus bitatawa: Brief Summary ( Basco )

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Varanus bitatawa Varanus generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Varanidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Varanus bitatawa ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Varanus bitatawa est une espèce de sauriens de la famille des Varanidae[1].

Répartition

Cette espèce est endémique des Philippines, elle vit dans les vallées de la Sierra Madre au Nord-Est de l'île de Luçon, dans les provinces d'Aurora et d'Isabela.

Habitat

Il vit dans des forêts de Pandanus, de Ficus et de Canarium dont il mange les fruits.

Description

Varanus bitatawa est d'un noir profond tacheté de jaune. Adulte, il peut atteindre 2 m de long, queue comprise.

Les mâles ont un double pénis, appelé hémipénis, également présent chez d'autres reptiles. Les deux pénis sont souvent utilisés en alternance, et possèdent parfois des épines ou des crochets qui servent à attacher le mâle à la femelle pendant l'accouplement.

Taxinomie

Après la découverte d'un mâle en juin 2009, il a été identifié comme une nouvelle espèce en avril 2010 par des biologistes de l'Université du Kansas. Des analyses de son ADN ont révélé une grande divergence génétique entre cette espèce et son plus proche parent Varanus olivaceus, qui se nourrit aussi de fruits, mais qui vit à l'extrémité Sud de l'île de Luçon, tandis que Varanus bitatawa vit à l'extrémité Nord.

Étymologie

Les autochtones de l'île de Luçon le connaissaient sous le nom de bitatawa.

Conservation

Il semble menacé car il vit dans une zone peuplée et intensément déforestée.

Publication originale

  • Welton, Siler, Bennett, Diesmos, Ruya, Dugay, Rico, Van Weerd & Brown, 2010 : A spectacular new Philippine monitor lizard reveals a hidden biogeographic boundary and a novel flagship species for conservation. Biology letters, (texte intégral).

Notes et références

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Varanus bitatawa: Brief Summary ( Francês )

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Varanus bitatawa est une espèce de sauriens de la famille des Varanidae.

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Varanus bitatawa ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Varanus bitatawa è una specie di varano che vive nelle foreste della Sierra Madre centrale e settentrionale, nelle Filippine settentrionali.

Si tratta di una specie di dimensioni rilevanti (2 metri), ma è stata descritta scientificamente solo nel 2010. Il nome della specie (bitatawa) è il termine con cui l'animale è chiamato dai nativi che lo conoscevano e se ne cibavano.

Questa specie di colore giallo e nero ha l'insolita particolarità di nutrirsi di frutti, tra i sauri conosciuti solo altri due hanno una dieta simile.

Gli esami del DNA hanno mostrato una affinità al V. olivaceus, ma hanno confermato che si tratta di una specie distinta, come suggeriscono caratteristiche quali la forma delle scaglie e l'anatomia degli organi riproduttivi.

Bibliografia

  • Luke J. Welton, Cameron D. Siler, Daniel Bennett, Arvin Diesmos, M. Roy Duya, Roldan Dugay, Edmund Leo B. Rico, Merlijn Van Weerd, Rafe M. Brown, A spectacular new Philippine monitor lizard reveals a hidden biogeographic boundary and a novel flagship species for conservation, "Biology Letters", published online before print April 7, 2010, doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0119 [1]

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Varanus bitatawa: Brief Summary ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Varanus bitatawa è una specie di varano che vive nelle foreste della Sierra Madre centrale e settentrionale, nelle Filippine settentrionali.

Si tratta di una specie di dimensioni rilevanti (2 metri), ma è stata descritta scientificamente solo nel 2010. Il nome della specie (bitatawa) è il termine con cui l'animale è chiamato dai nativi che lo conoscevano e se ne cibavano.

Questa specie di colore giallo e nero ha l'insolita particolarità di nutrirsi di frutti, tra i sauri conosciuti solo altri due hanno una dieta simile.

Gli esami del DNA hanno mostrato una affinità al V. olivaceus, ma hanno confermato che si tratta di una specie distinta, come suggeriscono caratteristiche quali la forma delle scaglie e l'anatomia degli organi riproduttivi.

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wikipedia IT

Varanus bitatawa ( Malaio )

fornecido por wikipedia MS

Varanus bitatawa, juga dikenali dengan nama biasanya biawak benggala Hutan Sierra Madre Utara, ialah sejenis biawak frugivora arboreal besar dalam genus Varanus.[1] Biawak ini dimakan oleh orang asli Aeta dan Ilongot Filipina[2] yang memanggilnya Butikaw.

Sifat fizikal

Biawak benggala hutan ini boleh membesar sehingga lebih 2 meter (6.6 ka) panjang tetapi beratnya cuma sekitar 10 kilogram (22 lb). Warnanya cerah dengan belang tompok emas.[1] Badan bersisik dan kakinya biru-hitam dengan arau titik kuning-hijau pucat, manakala ekornya ditandakan dalam segmen berselang-seli hitam dan hijau.[3]

Biawak jantan dilaporkan memiliki hemizakar, organ seperti zakar berpasangan.[3][4] Ini perkara biasa di kalangan biawak dan ular.[5]

Rujukan

  1. ^ a b C. Q. Choi (6 April 2010), Dragon-sized lizard eluded science, until now, MSNBC, dicapai 9 April 2010.
  2. ^ S. Milius (6 April 2010), Scientists Name Large But Elusive Lizard, Science News, dicapai 9 April 2010
  3. ^ a b New species of giant lizard found in Philippines, AFP, 6 April 2010, dicapai 9 April 2010
  4. ^ Lin Liyu (7 April 2010), Lizard with 2 penises found in Philippines, Xinhuanet.com, dicapai 9 April 2010.
  5. ^ "Hemipenes".
Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Varanus bitatawa
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Varanus bitatawa: Brief Summary ( Malaio )

fornecido por wikipedia MS

Varanus bitatawa, juga dikenali dengan nama biasanya biawak benggala Hutan Sierra Madre Utara, ialah sejenis biawak frugivora arboreal besar dalam genus Varanus. Biawak ini dimakan oleh orang asli Aeta dan Ilongot Filipina yang memanggilnya Butikaw.

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Varanus bitatawa ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL
Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Varanus bitatawagatunek jaszczurki z rodziny waranowatych występującej na terenie Filipin.

Varanus bitatawa osiąga duże rozmiary – może dorastać do ponad 2 m długości, co czyni z niego jednego z największych waranów. Jest jaskrawo ubarwiony – grzbietowa strona ciała jest przeważnie czarna z jasnozłotymi lub żółtymi plamami i pasami. Przednie kończyny bardziej żółte niż czarne, podczas gdy tylne są czarne z żółtymi plamami. Ogon ubarwiony w poprzeczne czarne i żółte pasy[1].

Przeprowadzona przez Weltona i współpracowników analiza filogenetyczna uwzględniająca cechy morfologiczne oraz DNA jądrowego i mitochondrialnego sugeruje, że najbliższym krewnym V. bitatawa jest waran Graya, przy czym genetycznie są one bardzo odrębne. Podobnie jak on, V. bitatawa prowadzi nadrzewny tryb życia i żywi się – jako jeden z zaledwie trzech gatunków współczesnych waranów – owocami i prawdopodobnie również jest skryty i nigdy nie opuszcza lasów. Zasięgi występowania tych dwóch gatunków dzieli około 150 km, obszar ten jest przecięty trzema dolinami rzecznymi[1].

Pomimo dużych rozmiarów V. bitatawa został formalnie opisany dopiero w 2010 roku na podstawie osobników odnalezionych w trudno dostępnej dolinie rzecznej w północnej części filipińskiej wyspy Luzon. Gatunek ten już wcześniej był jednak dobrze znany członkom plemion Agta i Ilongot, którym służy on jako główne źródło białka[1].

Przypisy

  1. a b c Luke J. Welton, Cameron D. Siler, Daniel Bennett, Arvin Diesmos, M. Roy Duya, Roldan Dugay, Edmund Leo B. Rico, Merlijn Van Weerd, Rafe M. Brown. A spectacular new Philippine monitor lizard reveals a hidden biogeographic boundary and a novel flagship species for conservation. „Biology Letters”. 6 (5), s. 654–658, 2010. DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0119 (ang.).

Linki zewnętrzne

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Varanus bitatawa: Brief Summary ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL

Varanus bitatawa – gatunek jaszczurki z rodziny waranowatych występującej na terenie Filipin.

Varanus bitatawa osiąga duże rozmiary – może dorastać do ponad 2 m długości, co czyni z niego jednego z największych waranów. Jest jaskrawo ubarwiony – grzbietowa strona ciała jest przeważnie czarna z jasnozłotymi lub żółtymi plamami i pasami. Przednie kończyny bardziej żółte niż czarne, podczas gdy tylne są czarne z żółtymi plamami. Ogon ubarwiony w poprzeczne czarne i żółte pasy.

Przeprowadzona przez Weltona i współpracowników analiza filogenetyczna uwzględniająca cechy morfologiczne oraz DNA jądrowego i mitochondrialnego sugeruje, że najbliższym krewnym V. bitatawa jest waran Graya, przy czym genetycznie są one bardzo odrębne. Podobnie jak on, V. bitatawa prowadzi nadrzewny tryb życia i żywi się – jako jeden z zaledwie trzech gatunków współczesnych waranów – owocami i prawdopodobnie również jest skryty i nigdy nie opuszcza lasów. Zasięgi występowania tych dwóch gatunków dzieli około 150 km, obszar ten jest przecięty trzema dolinami rzecznymi.

Pomimo dużych rozmiarów V. bitatawa został formalnie opisany dopiero w 2010 roku na podstawie osobników odnalezionych w trudno dostępnej dolinie rzecznej w północnej części filipińskiej wyspy Luzon. Gatunek ten już wcześniej był jednak dobrze znany członkom plemion Agta i Ilongot, którym służy on jako główne źródło białka.

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Varanus bitatawa ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

O Varanus bitatawa, ou Varano da floresta Sierra Madre é uma espécie frugívora de lagarto-monitor que chega a medir 2 m de comprimento.[1]

Em Fevereiro de 2010 biólogos relataram a descoberta desta espécie encontrada nas Filipinas. O réptil encontrado é do tamanho de um homem adulto (1,80 m) e possui um pênis duplo. O hemipénis, como é chamado, é presente em algumas espécies de lagartos e cobras, mas apenas uma parte dele é usada pelo macho para a cópula.

Ao contrário de seu parente mais próximo, o dragão-de-komodo, o lagarto não é carnívoro nem agressivo. O animal se alimenta de frutas. Nomeado de Varanus bitatawa, foi descoberto na ilha filipina de Luzon.

O lagarto passa a maior parte do seu tempo no alto de árvores, provavelmente para se camuflar e fugir de predadores terrestres. De acordo com depoimento de um dos pesquisadores, a espécie não venenosa é uma das mais importantes descobertas de répteis dos últimos anos.

Referências

Referências

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Varanus bitatawa: Brief Summary ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

O Varanus bitatawa, ou Varano da floresta Sierra Madre é uma espécie frugívora de lagarto-monitor que chega a medir 2 m de comprimento.

Em Fevereiro de 2010 biólogos relataram a descoberta desta espécie encontrada nas Filipinas. O réptil encontrado é do tamanho de um homem adulto (1,80 m) e possui um pênis duplo. O hemipénis, como é chamado, é presente em algumas espécies de lagartos e cobras, mas apenas uma parte dele é usada pelo macho para a cópula.

Ao contrário de seu parente mais próximo, o dragão-de-komodo, o lagarto não é carnívoro nem agressivo. O animal se alimenta de frutas. Nomeado de Varanus bitatawa, foi descoberto na ilha filipina de Luzon.

O lagarto passa a maior parte do seu tempo no alto de árvores, provavelmente para se camuflar e fugir de predadores terrestres. De acordo com depoimento de um dos pesquisadores, a espécie não venenosa é uma das mais importantes descobertas de répteis dos últimos anos.

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wikipedia PT

Varanus bitatawa ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Varanus bitatawa là một loài thằn lằn trong họ Varanidae. Loài này được Welton, Siler, Bennett, Diesmos, Ruya, Dugay, Rico, Van Weerd & Brown mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 2010.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Varanus bitatawa. The Reptile Database. Truy cập ngày 31 tháng 5 năm 2013.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến bộ bò sát có vảy này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Varanus bitatawa: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Varanus bitatawa là một loài thằn lằn trong họ Varanidae. Loài này được Welton, Siler, Bennett, Diesmos, Ruya, Dugay, Rico, Van Weerd & Brown mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 2010.

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碧塔塔瓦巨蜥 ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Varanus bitatawa
Welton,Siler,Bennett,Diesmos,Duya,Dugay,Rico,Van Weerd & Brown,2010

碧塔塔瓦巨蜥(学名:Varanus bitatawa)也称马德雷山脉森林巨蜥金斑巨蜥,是一种主要以水果为食的大型树生巨蜥,仅见于菲律宾吕宋岛马德雷山区的森林中(也是唯一會食素的巨蜥)。

身长约2米,但体重10仅千克。身体上有淡黄绿色斑点,尾部有黑色和绿色环状条纹。因肉质鲜美,常成为猎杀目标[1][2]

参考资料

 src= 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:碧塔塔瓦巨蜥
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碧塔塔瓦巨蜥: Brief Summary ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科

碧塔塔瓦巨蜥(学名:Varanus bitatawa)也称马德雷山脉森林巨蜥或金斑巨蜥,是一种主要以水果为食的大型树生巨蜥,仅见于菲律宾吕宋岛马德雷山区的森林中(也是唯一會食素的巨蜥)。

身长约2米,但体重10仅千克。身体上有淡黄绿色斑点,尾部有黑色和绿色环状条纹。因肉质鲜美,常成为猎杀目标。

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维基百科作者和编辑
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia 中文维基百科

ヴァラヌス・ビタタワ ( Japonês )

fornecido por wikipedia 日本語
ヴァラヌス・ビタタワ Varanus bitatawa (KU 322188) from Barangay Dibuluan, San Mariano - ZooKeys-266-001-g069.jpg
ヴァラヌス・ビタタワ
分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 爬虫綱 Reptilia : 有鱗目 Squamata 亜目 : トカゲ亜目 Sauria 下目 : オオトカゲ下目 Platynota : オオトカゲ科 Varanidae : オオトカゲ属 Varanus 亜属 : フィリピンオオトカゲ亜属 Philippinosaurus : ヴァラヌス・ビタタワ
V. bitatawa 学名 Varanus bitatawa
Welton, Siler, Bennett, Diesmos, Duya, Dugay, Rico, Van Weerd, Brown
2010[1]

ヴァラヌス・ビタタワ学名Varanus bitatawa )とは、オオトカゲ科に属する爬虫類である。

分類[編集]

コモドオオトカゲなどと同じオオトカゲ科だが、肉食のコモドオオトカゲと違い進化の過程で草食化した[2]同じくルソン島南部に生息する草食のグレイオオトカゲに近縁であることが分かっている。[要出典]

分布・生活環[編集]

フィリピン北部ルソン島シエラマドレ山脈の山林に生息する[3][4]。生息地であるシエラマドレ山脈を離れることは少ない[4]果物を主食としており、高さ20メートル以上の木の上でほぼ1日中を過ごす[2]。現地の部族民の間では"Butikaw"と呼ばれ[5]、食用に捕獲されてきた[3]。数世紀にわたって人間の捕獲対象となってきたために、人間に対しては臆病で用心深い[3]

形態[編集]

成長したものでは体長約2メートルに達するが、体重は約10キロ程度にしかならない[2][3]状の胴体と足は青黒くて薄い黄緑色の斑点があり、尾には黒と緑の部分が交互に見られる[3]。新種発見を報じたニュースのいくつかでは、オスには2つのペニスがあることをその大きな特徴としているが[3][4]、これは半陰茎と言われる器官で、この種に限らず全ての有鱗目のオスに見られる特徴である[6][7][8]。2つのペニスは交尾の際に交互に使われることが多く、メスの体内に自分の体をつなぎとめておくのに役立つ[3]

保全状態[編集]

ヴァラヌス・ビタタワは現地では広範な捕獲対象となってきた[3]。また、ルソン島では人口増加と森林伐採が急速に進んでいることから、将来絶滅する危険性が指摘されている[4]

出典[編集]

  1. ^ Luke J. Welton, Cameron D. Siler, Daniel Bennett, Arvin Diesmos, M. Roy Duya, Roldan Dugay, Edmund Leo B. Rico, Merlijn Van Weerd and Rafe M. Brown (October 2010). “A spectacular new Philippine monitor lizard reveals a hidden biogeographic boundary and a novel flagship species for conservation”. biology letters (The Royal Society) 6 (5): 654-658. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2010.0119. ISSN 1744-957X.
  2. ^ a b c James Owen (2010年4月8日). “新種のオオトカゲ、都市近郊の森で発見”. 公式日本語サイト. National Geographic. ^ a b c d e f g h Rhett A. Butler, Translator: Maki Ikeda (果物を食べるオオトカゲ、フィリピンで発見される”. mongabay.com. オリジナルよりアーカイブ。^ a b c d フィリピンで新種のオオトカゲを発見、体長2メートルで2つの男性”. AFPBB News. Agence France-Presse (2011年9月13日閲覧。
  3. ^ Spectacular New Giant Fruit-Eating Lizard Species Discovered in Sierra Madres of Northern Philippines” (英語). ScienceDaily (2010年4月7日). ^ 内田亨 山田真弓 『動物系統分類学//9 下B1』 中山書店、ISBN 4521072011。
  4. ^ T.R.ハリディ, K.アドラー編 『動物大百科12 両生爬虫類』 平凡社、ISBN 4-582-54512-2。
  5. ^ Hemipenes” (英語). Melissa Kaplan's Herp Care Collection. ウィキスピーシーズにヴァラヌス・ビタタワに関する情報があります。  src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、ヴァラヌス・ビタタワに関連するカテゴリがあります。 執筆の途中です この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますPortal:生き物と自然プロジェクト:生物)。
 title=
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ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
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wikipedia 日本語

ヴァラヌス・ビタタワ: Brief Summary ( Japonês )

fornecido por wikipedia 日本語

ヴァラヌス・ビタタワ(学名:Varanus bitatawa )とは、オオトカゲ科に属する爬虫類である。

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia 日本語