dcsimg

Distribution ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por INBio
Distribucion en Costa Rica: De 600 a 2200 m en ambas faldas de las cordilleras de Guanacaste, Tilarán, Volcánica Central y Talamanca y en las montañas que circundan el Valle Central.

San José: Est. Zurquí (1650 m) 10 03 30 N 84 00 40 W, La Montura (1100 m) 10 07 00 N 83 58 30 W, Bajo de la Hondura (1260 m) 10 04 N 83 59 W, El Cedral de Dota (2139 m) 9 43 N 83 59 W, Tirrases (1209 m) 9 55 N 84 02 W, Patarrá (1170 m) 9 53 N 84 02 W, Hda. El Rodeo (800) 9 55 N 84 17 W, Alajuela: Grecia (1015 m ) 10 04 N 84 18 W, Cartago: Turrialba (600 m) 9 54 N 83 41 W, Heredia: Getsemaní (1264 m) 10 01 N 84 06 W, Belén (913 m) 9 59 N 84 12 W, Puntarenas: Monteverde (1500 m) 10 18 N 84 48 W, Guanacaste: Las Pailas (800 m) 10 47 10 N 85 21 15 W, Maritza (600 m) 10 57 35 N 85 29 35 W
Distribucion General: De México a Panamá.

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Habitat ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

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Bordes de bosque, claros, márgenes de quebradas y bosques secundarios.
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Diagnostic Description ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

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Localidad del tipo:
Depositario del tipo:
Recolector del tipo:
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Diagnostic Description ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

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Amplitud alar: de 28 a 30 mm. Sexos similares.

Ala anterior transparente, en el extremo de la celda discal una franja negra. Del área postmedia al torno una franja de color blanco. Apice y subápice de color negro, torno negro. Ala posterior transparente, venas de color negro. Margen distal e interno de color café

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Life Cycle ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por INBio
Huevos: de color blanco, puestos solitarios en el envés de las hojas.

Larva en quinto estadio: cápsula de la cabeza de color verde claro, con manchas redondas de color negro a los lados. Cuerpo verde-blanco, con una línea lateral amarilla a cada lado, encima de esta una línea verde oscuro.

Pupa: comprimida, cremaster de color negro, parches alares plateados, con líneas de color verde oscuro y salpicada de puntos negros, tórax y abdomen verde claro (Hall, 1996).

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Associations ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

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Planta hospedera: Cestrum lanatum M. Martens & Galeotti, Cestrum standleyi Francey (Solanaceae).
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Trophic Strategy ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

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Los adultos visitan las flores de Inga sp.
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Greta oto ( Asturiano )

fornecido por wikipedia AST

Greta oto ye una especie de lepidóptero ditrisiu de la familia Nymphalidae de ales transparentes.[1][2] Ye comúnmente llamada «caparina de cristal» o «espejitos». Esta especie presenta unos comportamientos especiales como llargues migraciones y lek. [3]

Descripción

 src=
Greta oto.

El so valumbu ye d'ente 5,5 y 6 cm. El texíu ente les venes de les sos nales paez de vidriu al escarecer d'escales de color.[4] El cantu de les sos nales ye de color marrón escuru, dacuando tiñíes de colloraos o naranxa y el so cuerpu de color escuru.

Distribución

Esta especie de caparina, descrita en 1854, ye endémica d'América Central, subcontinente nel cual habita principalmente en zones húmedes.[5]Puede atopase n'América Central, los adultos realicen migraciones de Méxicu a Panamá. Tamién pueden atopase n'Ecuador, Colombia , Perú y Venezuela.

Alimentación

Aliméntase del néctar d'una variedá de flores tropicales comunes como la lantana pero prefier poner los sos güevos nes plantes solanáceas del xéneru tropical Cestrum. Les canesbes verdes aliméntense de plantes tóxiques y almacenen toxines nos sos texíos, lo que les vuelve tóxiques pa los sos depredadores, cuantimás pa les formigues Paraponera clavata.[6][7] Los adultos tamién son tóxicos pero la so tosicidá débese principalmente a que los machos aliméntase de les flores que'l so néctar contién alcaloides, por casu, de la familia Asteraceae.[8] Estos mesmos alcaloides conviértense n'feromones coles que los machos atraen a les femes.

Galería

Referencies

  1. Lamas, G. (Ed.). (2004).
  2. Henderson, Carrol L. (2002).
  3. (en castellán) [1] Greta oto.
  4. Creation, Volume 30, No 4, page 56
  5. pueden llegar a recorrer hasta doce kilómetros en un día como hábito migratorio
  6. Hill, S. K.. (1996).
  7. Dyer, L. A. (1995).
  8. Brown, K. S. (1984).

Bibliografía

  • Hall, S.K. (1996). Behaur and na uraural hist of G'etretto 'n cn civtty. TroTropical Lepidoptera vol. non non 2.

Enllaces esternos

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Greta oto: Brief Summary ( Asturiano )

fornecido por wikipedia AST

Greta oto ye una especie de lepidóptero ditrisiu de la familia Nymphalidae de ales transparentes. Ye comúnmente llamada «caparina de cristal» o «espejitos». Esta especie presenta unos comportamientos especiales como llargues migraciones y lek.

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Greta oto ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA
Crystal128-pipe.svg
Aquest article o secció no cita les fonts o necessita més referències per a la seva verificabilitat.

Greta oto és una espècie de lepidòpter ditrisi de la família Nymphalidae d'ales transparents. És comunament cridada papallona de cristall. La seva envergadura és d'entre 5,5 i 6 cm. El teixit entre les venes de les seves ales sembla de vidre. Es pot trobar a Amèrica Central, de Mèxic a Panamà. La vora de les seves ales és de color cafè fosc, de vegades tenyides de vermells o taronja i el seu cos de color fosc.

S'alimenten del nèctar d'una varietat de flors tropicals.

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Greta oto Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
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Glasflügelfalter ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Der Glasflügelfalter (Greta oto) ist eine lateinamerikanische Schmetterlingsart aus der Familie der Edelfalter (Nymphalidae).[1][2] Er gehört zu den sehr wenigen Schmetterlingsarten mit bis auf die Randbereiche völlig durchsichtigen Flügeln, dieser Eigenschaft verdankt er auch seinen Namen. Der Glasflügelfalter kommt hauptsächlich in den mittleren bis nördlichen Regionen Südamerikas vor und kann bis nach Texas und Chile gesichtet werden.[1]

Taxonomie

Greta oto ist eine Schmetterlingsart und gehört zu der Familie der Edelfalter (Nymphalidae) → Unterfamilie der DanainaeTribus der IthomiiniGattung Greta.[1][3]

Vereinzelt gibt es andere Einordnungen, so sehen einige Autoren die drei Triben der Danainae (Danaini, Tellervini und Ithomiini) als Unterfamilien innerhalb der Nymphalidae an.[4]

Die Art Greta oto wird vereinzelt auch als Unterart von Greta morgane eingeordnet.

Lebensraum

Der Glasflügelfalter ist am häufigsten in Mittel- und Südamerika anzutreffen, da er die tropischen Bedingungen des Regenwaldes benötigt.[1][5] Vereinzelt kann er aber im Norden bis nach Mexiko und Texas und im Süden bis nach Chile gesichtet werden.[5]

Lebensweise

Eier

Die Eier werden normalerweise auf Hammersträuchern abgelegt; Hammersträucher sind Nachtschattengewächse.[6] Die Pflanze dient als Nahrungsquelle für die Larven.[6]

Larven- bzw. Raupenform

Die Raupen des Glasflügelfalter weisen einen grünen Körper mit leuchtend violetten und roten Streifen auf. Die Larven haben eine zylindrische Form mit glatten Rückenvorsprüngen. Ihre Form und Farbe macht die Larven extrem reflektierend, wodurch sie für Raubtiere im Wesentlichen unsichtbar werden.[1] Die Raupen ernähren sich von Nachtschattengewächsen (Solanaceae) – hauptsächlich von Arten der Hammersträucher. Sie nehmen über die Hammersträucher Alkaloide zu sich, die nicht nur die Raupen, sondern auch die späteren Falter für Fressfeinde ungenießbar machen. Experimentelle Studien haben gezeigt, dass Larven, die auf anderen Wirtspflanzen abgesetzt wurden, starben oder sich langsamer entwickelten.[6]

 src=
Greta oto

Puppe

Die Puppen haben eine silberne bis dunkelgraue Farbe, eine markante Form und hängen kopfüber an der Blattunterseite.[1] Die Raupe spinnt einen Seidenbausch, der an einer Blattunterseite angeklebt wird und die Puppe fest mit dem Blatt verbinden.[1]

Adulte Form

Der erwachsene Glasflügelfalter ist an seinen transparenten Flügeln mit undurchsichtigen dunkelbraunen, rot oder orange getönten Rändern zu erkennen.[1][7] Der Körper weist eine dunkelbraune Farbe auf. Die Schmetterlinge sind 2,8 bis 3,0 Zentimeter lang und haben eine Flügelspannweite von 5,6 bis 6,1 Zentimetern.[1] Die Falter saugen gerne an Wandelröschen (Lantana camara). Der Gattung der Wandelröschen (Lantana) gehören bis zu 150 Arten mehrjähriger Blütenpflanzen an.[1]

Wanderbewegung

Glasflügelfalter sind wandernde Schmetterlinge, sie bewegen sich täglich bis zu 19 km weit und können eine Geschwindigkeit von bis zu 13 km/h erreichen.[1]

Fressfeinde

Vögel sind häufige Beutegreifer dieses Schmetterlings.[1]

Giftstoffe

Durch den Verzehr von Nachtschattengewächsen durch die Raupen- und Schmetterlingsform nimmt die Art Giftstoffe auf, die dem Schmetterling einen üblen Geschmack verleihen.[1]

Transparenz

Der Glasflügelfalter nutzt die Transparenz seiner Flügel, um sich vor Feinden zu verstecken.[1][8] Transparenz ist ein seltenes Merkmal bei Schmetterlingen; Mimikry ist weiter verbreitet.[1]

Physiologie

 src=
Nanopillen auf der Oberfläche der Flügel des Glasflügelfalters.

Transparente Flügel

Die Transparenz der Flügel von Greta oto ergibt sich aus der Kombination mehrerer Eigenschaften:[8] Das Flügelmaterial absorbiert nur wenig sichtbares Licht, streut nur wenig Licht durch die Flügel und reflektiert nur wenig Licht. Letzteres tritt für einen weiten Bereich von einfallenden Wellenlängen auf und deckt das gesamte sichtbare Spektrum und alle Einfallswinkel ab.[9]

Um transparent zu sein, darf das Gewebe weder Licht absorbieren noch streuen, wobei das primäre Hindernis für die Transparenz die Lichtstreuung ist. Um Lichtstreuung zu vermeiden, muss der Organismus aus einem nicht absorbierenden Material mit einem homogenen Brechungsindex bestehen. Da die, in den meisten Arten, vorkommenden biologischen und chemischen Verbindungen unterschiedliche Brechungsindizes aufweisen ((n=1.3–1.55) und Luft (n=1))[7], die eng mit der Dichte korrelieren, muss eine wichtige Grundlage für die Transparenz auf den strukturellen Merkmalen beruhen.[10]

Der transparente Bereich der Flügel des Glasflügelfalters ist mit Mikrohaaren mit hohem Aspektverhältnis bedeckt, die allgemein als piliforme Schuppen oder Borsten bekannt sind (auch Nanopillen genannt). Die Mikrohaare haben einen Abstand von 40 bis 50 μm zueinander, ihre typische Dicke und Höhe beträgt etwa 2 bzw. 40 μm. Die Mikrohärchen verbessern auch die Hydrophobizität der Flügel. Die REM-Bilder der braunen und weißen Schuppen zeigen die übliche ovale Form mit einer typischen Breite von 50 µm und einer Länge von 200 μm.[7]

Die breitbandige und omnidirektionale Antireflexionseigenschaft führt dazu, dass je nach Blickwinkel nur zwei bis fünf Prozent des Lichts zurückgeworfen werden, zum Vergleich: Glas reflektiert bei senkrechtem Einfall und an Luft etwa 8 % des Lichts, dieser Wert steigt mit dem Einfallswinkel bis nahe 100 % an. Die zufällige Höhenverteilung der Mikrohärchen verhindert fast vollständig, dass der Falter einfallende Sonnenstrahlung reflektiert.[2][7][9]

Die wichtigsten Raubtiere für den Glasflügelfalter sind verschiedene Vögel, von denen bekannt ist, dass sie ein scharfes Sehvermögen haben. Die Durchlässigkeit der Flügel für sichtbare, infrarote und ultraviolette Strahlung ermöglicht somit eine gute Tarnung.[10][2]

Anwendungsmöglichkeiten modifizierter transparenter Materialien

Durch die Erkenntnisse aus der Erforschung der Struktur der transparenten Flügel des Glasflügelfalters könnte es möglich sein, eine nahezu perfekte Antireflexionsoberfläche für einen breitbandigen Wellenlängenbereich und einen weiten Bereich von Betrachtungswinkeln zu konstruieren. Derartige Antireflexionsoberflächen könnten zur Verbesserung der Lichtsammlung in Solarzellen oder zur Leistungssteigerung optischer Elemente wie Spiegel, Linsen oder Fotodetektoren beitragen.[7]

Im Vergleich zu klassischen mehrschichtigen Antireflexbeschichtungen, die eine Dicke von mindestens 1 μm zur Oberfläche addieren, sind die Glasflügelstrukturen vergleichsweise dünn, da ihre mittlere Höhe nur 500 nm beträgt und sie außerdem hydrophob sind.[7]

Die Herstellung ähnlicher Strukturen mit zufälligen Höhenstrukturen in großem Maßstab scheint durch fortgeschrittene Ätztechniken machbar.[7]

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Henderson, Carrol L.: Field guide to the wildlife of Costa Rica. 1st ed Auflage. University of Texas Press, Austin 2002, ISBN 0-292-73128-0, S. 56.
  2. a b c Daniel Lingenhöhl: Ein geisterhafter Schmetterling. In: Spektrum.de. Spektrum.de, 22. April 2015, abgerufen am 17. Juli 2019.
  3. Abigail L. Ingram, Andrew R. Parker: Structure, mechanism and mechanical properties of pupal attachment in Greta oto (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae). In: Entomological Science. Band 9, Nr. 1, 2006, ISSN 1479-8298, S. 109–120, doi:10.1111/j.1479-8298.2006.00158.x.
  4. Kristensen, Niels P.: Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies, 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbuch der Zoologie 4. W. de Gruyter, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-11-015704-7, S. 292 f.
  5. a b Nathaniel Jenkins |: Featured Creature: Glasswinged Butterfly | Blog | Nature | PBS. Abgerufen am 16. Juli 2019 (amerikanisches Englisch).
  6. a b c Behaviour and natural history of Greta oto in captivity (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae). | Tropical Lepidoptera Research. (flvc.org [abgerufen am 16. Juli 2019]).
  7. a b c d e f g Hendrik Hölscher, Guillaume Gomard, Radwanul Hasan Siddique: The role of random nanostructures for the omnidirectional anti-reflection properties of the glasswing butterfly. In: Nature Communications. Band 6, 22. April 2015, ISSN 2041-1723, S. 6909, doi:10.1038/ncomms7909 (nature.com [abgerufen am 16. Juli 2019]).
  8. a b Sönke Johnsen: Hidden in Plain Sight: The Ecology and Physiology of Organismal Transparency. In: The Biological Bulletin. Band 201, Nr. 3, Dezember 2001, ISSN 0006-3185, S. 301–318, doi:10.2307/1543609.
  9. a b Valerie R. Binetti, Jessica D. Schiffman, Oren D. Leaffer, Jonathan E. Spanier, Caroline L. Schauer: The natural transparency and piezoelectric response of the Greta oto butterfly wing. In: Integrative Biology: Quantitative Biosciences from Nano to Macro. Band 1, Nr. 4, 2009, ISSN 1757-9708, S. 324–329, doi:10.1039/b820205b, PMID 20023733.
  10. a b Valerie R. Binetti, Jessica D. Schiffman, Oren D. Leaffer, Jonathan E. Spanier, Caroline L. Schauer: The natural transparency and piezoelectric response of the Greta oto butterfly wing. In: Integrative Biology. Band 1, Nr. 4, 2009, ISSN 1757-9694, S. 324, doi:10.1039/b820205b (oup.com [abgerufen am 16. Juli 2019]).
 title=
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wikipedia DE

Glasflügelfalter: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Der Glasflügelfalter (Greta oto) ist eine lateinamerikanische Schmetterlingsart aus der Familie der Edelfalter (Nymphalidae). Er gehört zu den sehr wenigen Schmetterlingsarten mit bis auf die Randbereiche völlig durchsichtigen Flügeln, dieser Eigenschaft verdankt er auch seinen Namen. Der Glasflügelfalter kommt hauptsächlich in den mittleren bis nördlichen Regionen Südamerikas vor und kann bis nach Texas und Chile gesichtet werden.

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original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia DE

Greta oto ( Albanês )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

Flutura me krah xhami (Greta oto) është një flutur me këmbët si furçë, dhe është anëtare e nënfamiljë Danainae, fisit Ithomiini, dhe subtribe Godyridina.[1][2]

Përshkrimi

Krahët janë transparente, me një hapësirë prej 5,6-6,1 cm (2,2-2,4). [2] Emri më i zakonshëm në Anglisht është glasswinged butterfly, dhe emri i saj në Spanjisht është "espejitos", që do të thotë "pasqyra të vogla".Indi mes venave të krahëve të saj duket si xhami, si mungesë e ngjyrës si në fluturat e tjera.[3] Kufijtë e krahëve të saj janë ngjyrë kafe të errët, ndonjëherë lyer me të kuqe ose portokalli, dhe trupi i saj është i errët në ngjyrë

Origjina e transparencës së krahëve

Transparenca e krahëve është si rezultat kombinimi i tre tipareve: së pari, nga thithjen e ulët të dritës së dukshme nga materiali që përbën krahët e saj, së dyti, nga shpërndaja e ulët e dritës që kalon nëpër krahë dhe në fund, nga reflektimi i ulët i dritës në sipërfaqen e krahëve.

Kjo e fundit ndodh për një gamë e gjerë incidentit në gjatesinë e valës, që mbulon të gjithë spektrin e dukshme, dhe e këndeve incidente. Ky tipar anti-reflektim broadband dhe omnidirectional vjen nga nano-shtyllat që qëndrojnë në sipërfaqe të krahëve të cilat siguronjnë një gradient të indeksit thyes në mes të membranave të krahut. Këto nano-shtylla, të rregulluar jo-periodikikisht në sipërfaqen e krahëve, posedojnë një aspekt të lartë (lartësi ndarë nga rrezja) më të madhe se 6, ku radii janë nën gjatësi valore të dritës së dukshme.[4]

Përveç kësaj, ata shfaqin një shpërndarje të rastit në lartësi dhe gjerësi, i cili është drejtpërdrejt përgjegjës për indeksin e pjerrësisë thyese dhe gjithashtu për tiparin anti-reflektues broadband dhe omnidirectional Këto tipare janë përmirësuar më tej nga prania e piedestalit në bazë të nano-shtylla.

Shpërndarja

Të rriturat shkojnë nga MeksikaPanama dhe Kolumbi[2] Ata gjithashtu fluturojnë deri në Florida.

Ushqimi

G. Oto viziton lule të zakonshme si Lantana, por preferon për të hedhur vezët e saj në bimët e tropikale Solanaceae gjinia Cestrum.[2]

Kapilarët jeshilë (vemjet) [5] ushqehen me këto bimë toksike dhe ndoshta janë toksike për grabitqarët nëpërmjet kimikateve të mesme të depozituara në indet e tyre; ekstrakte kimike kapilarët jeshilë janë të pakëndshëm për Paraponera milingonat clavata.

Referime dhe shënime

  1. ^ Lamas, G. (Ed.). (2004). Checklist: Part 4A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Volume 5A. Gainesville, Association for Tropical Lepidoptera; Scientific Publishers.
  2. ^ a b c Henderson, Carrol L. (2002). "Greta oto". Field guide to the Wildlife of Costa Rica. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. f. 56. 0-292-73459-X. OCLC 46959925. Marrë më 9 mars 2009.
  3. ^ Creation, Volume 30, No 4, page 56
  4. ^ Siddique, R. H.; Gomard G.; Hölscher H. (2015). "The role of random nanostructures for the omnidirectional anti-reflection properties of the glasswing butterfly". Nature Communications. 6. doi:10.1038/ncomms7909.
  5. ^ Hill, S. K.. (1996). Behaviour and natural history of Greta oto in captivity (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae), Tropical Lepidoptera, 7: 161-165.

Lexime të mëtejshme

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Greta oto: Brief Summary ( Albanês )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

Flutura me krah xhami (Greta oto) është një flutur me këmbët si furçë, dhe është anëtare e nënfamiljë Danainae, fisit Ithomiini, dhe subtribe Godyridina.

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शिशापंखे पुतली ( Nepalês )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

शिशा पंखे पुतली (अंग्रेजीमा ग्लास विङ्गड बटरफ्लाई) 'ग्रेटा ओटो' नामले पनि चिनिन्छ । पुतलीको यो प्रजाति लामो बसाइँसराई र पोथीहरूलाई आफूतिर आकर्षण गर्न भालेहरूमा हुने प्रतिश्पर्धाका लागि प्रख्यात छ । शिशा पंखे पुतलीका वयस्क भालेहरू प्रजनन् समयमा एक स्थानमा जम्मा भएर प्रतिश्पर्धा गर्दै पोथीहरूलाई आफूतिर आकर्षित गर्ने गर्दछन् । करिब ५.६ देखि ६.१ सेन्टिमिटर लामो हुने यो पुतलीको पखेटा पारदर्शी हुन्छ । मेक्सिकोदेखि पानामा तथा कोलम्बियासम्मका भूभागमा पाइने यो पुतलीको पखेटा पारदर्शी भएकै कारणले यसलाई ग्लास विङ्गड बटरफ्लाई भनिएको हो । यसलाई स्पेनी भाषामा 'इस्पेजिटस' भनिन्छ जसको अर्थ सानो ऐना भन्ने हुन्छ । पखेटाको धर्काहरूकोबीचमा भएको तन्तु शिशा जस्तै देखिन्छ, अन्य पुतलीहरूको पखेटामा पाइने रंगयुक्त तन्तु यसको पखेटामा पाइँदैन ।[१]

सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू

  1. "शिशा पंखे पुतली र पोथीहरूको लागि भालेहरूमा हुने प्रतिश्पर्धा", www.sajhasamachar.com, साझासमाचार डट कम, अन्तिम पहुँच २३ अगस्ट २०१३
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wikipedia emerging languages

शिशापंखे पुतली: Brief Summary ( Nepalês )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

शिशा पंखे पुतली (अंग्रेजीमा ग्लास विङ्गड बटरफ्लाई) 'ग्रेटा ओटो' नामले पनि चिनिन्छ । पुतलीको यो प्रजाति लामो बसाइँसराई र पोथीहरूलाई आफूतिर आकर्षण गर्न भालेहरूमा हुने प्रतिश्पर्धाका लागि प्रख्यात छ । शिशा पंखे पुतलीका वयस्क भालेहरू प्रजनन् समयमा एक स्थानमा जम्मा भएर प्रतिश्पर्धा गर्दै पोथीहरूलाई आफूतिर आकर्षित गर्ने गर्दछन् । करिब ५.६ देखि ६.१ सेन्टिमिटर लामो हुने यो पुतलीको पखेटा पारदर्शी हुन्छ । मेक्सिकोदेखि पानामा तथा कोलम्बियासम्मका भूभागमा पाइने यो पुतलीको पखेटा पारदर्शी भएकै कारणले यसलाई ग्लास विङ्गड बटरफ्लाई भनिएको हो । यसलाई स्पेनी भाषामा 'इस्पेजिटस' भनिन्छ जसको अर्थ सानो ऐना भन्ने हुन्छ । पखेटाको धर्काहरूकोबीचमा भएको तन्तु शिशा जस्तै देखिन्छ, अन्य पुतलीहरूको पखेटामा पाइने रंगयुक्त तन्तु यसको पखेटामा पाइँदैन ।

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கண்ணாடிச் சிறகி ( Tâmil )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

கண்ணாடிச் சிறகி (Glasswinged butterfly, Greta oto) என்பது வரியன்கள் குடும்பத்தைச் சேர்ந்த பட்டாம்பூச்சியாகும்.[1][2] வளர்ந்த பூச்சிகள் சுவாரசியமான நடத்தைகளை வெளிப்படுத்துகின்றன. இவற்றில் நீண்ட தூர வலசை போதல், ஆண் பூச்சிகள் இனப்பெருக்க காலத்தில் தத்தமது திறனைக் காட்டப் போட்டியிடல் ஆகியன அடங்கும். இப்பட்டாம்பூச்சிகள் மெக்சிகோ, பனாமா, கொலம்பியா போன்ற நாடுகளில் பரவலாகக் காணப்படுகின்றன.

தோற்றம்

இவ்வகைப்பட்டாம்பூச்சிகள் ஒளி ஊடுருவக்கூடிய சிறகுகளைக் கொண்டவை. இப்பூச்சிகளின் சிறகுகள் 5.6 செ.மீ தொடக்கம் 6.1 செ.மீ வரை வளரும் தன்மையுடையவை.

உசாத்துணைகள

  1. Lamas, G. (Ed.). (2004). Checklist: Part 4A. Hesperioidea – Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Volume 5A. Gainesville, Association for Tropical Lepidoptera; Scientific Publishers.
  2. Henderson, Carrol L. (2002). "Greta oto". Field guide to the Wildlife of Costa Rica. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. பக். 56. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண்:0-292-73459-X. இணையக் கணினி நூலக மையம்:46959925. http://books.google.com/books?id=MjHmVj7R2s0C&pg=PA56. பார்த்த நாள்: 9 March 2009.

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original
visite a fonte
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wikipedia emerging languages

கண்ணாடிச் சிறகி: Brief Summary ( Tâmil )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

கண்ணாடிச் சிறகி (Glasswinged butterfly, Greta oto) என்பது வரியன்கள் குடும்பத்தைச் சேர்ந்த பட்டாம்பூச்சியாகும். வளர்ந்த பூச்சிகள் சுவாரசியமான நடத்தைகளை வெளிப்படுத்துகின்றன. இவற்றில் நீண்ட தூர வலசை போதல், ஆண் பூச்சிகள் இனப்பெருக்க காலத்தில் தத்தமது திறனைக் காட்டப் போட்டியிடல் ஆகியன அடங்கும். இப்பட்டாம்பூச்சிகள் மெக்சிகோ, பனாமா, கொலம்பியா போன்ற நாடுகளில் பரவலாகக் காணப்படுகின்றன.

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விக்கிபீடியா ஆசிரியர்கள் மற்றும் ஆசிரியர்கள்
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia emerging languages

Greta oto ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Greta oto is a species of brush-footed butterfly and member of the subfamily Danainae, tribe Ithomiini, and subtribe Godyridina. It is known by the common name glasswing butterfly for its transparent wings, which allow it to camouflage without extensive coloration. In Spanish-speaking regions, it may also be referred to as espejitos, meaning "little mirrors" because of its transparent wings.[1] The butterfly is mainly found in Central and northern regions of South America, with sightings as far north as Texas and as far south as Chile. While its wings appear delicate, the butterfly is able to carry up to 40 times its own weight.[2] In addition to its wing physiology, the butterfly is known for behaviors such as long migrations and lekking.[1] Greta oto closely resembles Greta andromica.

Greta oto in the Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station (state of São Paulo, Brazil)

Geographic range and habitat

The glasswing butterfly is most commonly found from Central to South America as far south as Chile, with appearances as north as Mexico and Texas.[3] This butterfly thrives in the tropical conditions of the rainforests in the Central and South American countries.[1]

Life cycle

Egg

A nightshade plant

Eggs are typically laid on plants of the genus Cestrum, a member of the nightshade family of plants, which serves as a food source for later life stages.[1]

Larva

The caterpillars of the glasswing butterfly have green bodies with bright purple and red stripes. They are found on the host plants of genus Cestrum.[4] The larvae are cylindrical in shape with dorsal projections that are smooth with filaments. These properties make the larvae extremely reflective, which essentially causes them to be invisible to predators.[5]

Pupa

The pupae are silver in colour.[1] During the fifth instar stage, the pupa produces a silk pad on the lower surface of leaves through four spinning movements, onto which it attaches. The silk fibers are important in providing greater flexibility to the pupa attachment. The cremaster, a hooked bristle-like structure on the pupa, attaches to this silk pad by a series of lateral movements of the pupa’s posterior abdomen. Pupa attachment failure occurs when the silk pad breaks. Additionally, researchers have found the pupa attachment to have high tensile strength and toughness, which prevent the pupa from being pulled by predators or breaking off in the wind, allowing them to swing safely.[6]

Greta oto adult
Lantana flower nectar is a food source for adult glasswing butterflies

Adult

The adult glasswing butterfly can be identified by its transparent wings with opaque, dark brown borders tinted with red or orange. Their bodies are a dark brown color. The butterflies are 2.8 to 3.0 centimetres (1.1 to 1.2 in) long and have a wingspan of 5.6 to 6.1 centimetres (2.2 to 2.4 in).[1][3]

Food resources

Caterpillar

Poisonous plants of the genus Cestrum provide the best source of nutrition for the caterpillar; experimental studies have shown that when larvae use other host plants, they often die in the first instar stage or develop more slowly.[4] The caterpillars feed on these toxic plants and are perhaps toxic to predators through secondary chemicals stored in their tissues. For example, the caterpillar chemical extracts are unpalatable to Paraponera clavata ants.[7]

Adult

The adult butterfly feeds mainly on the nectar of the flowers of the genus Lantana, which includes 150 species of perennial flowering plants.[1] They also eat flowers in the Asteraceae and Boraginaceae families and the droppings of insectivorous birds, absorbing amino acids that are later converted to proteins. Adult butterflies are also toxic due to the males consuming Asteraceae flowers whose nectar contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids.[7]

Migration

The glasswing butterfly is migratory and travels up to 12 miles (19 km) per day at speeds of up to 8 miles per hour (13 km/h). It migrates in order to change elevations, and this migration causes there to be population density differences in varying geographical areas.[1]

Predation

Birds are common predators of this butterfly. The glasswing combats predators by consuming toxins through plants of genus Cestrum and family Asteraceae in both the caterpillar and butterfly stages. Toxin consumption gives the butterfly a foul taste that discourages predation.[1]

Protective coloration

This butterfly uses its transparency to hide from predators by camouflaging into the background during flight. Transparency is a rare trait among Lepidoptera, since they more commonly use mimicry to ward off predators.[1][8]

Mating

This butterfly species mates polygynously, with males attempting to obtain one or more female mates per breeding season.

Lekking

In order to attract females, male butterflies form leks, or large gatherings where males compete for mates. They gather in shaded areas of the rainforest and competitively display themselves in order to attract mates.[9]

Pheromones

Male glasswing butterflies release pheromones during lekking in order to attract females. The pheromones produced are derived from pyrrolizidine alkaloids that the butterflies obtain through their diet of plants of the family Asteraceae. The alkaloids are then converted to pheromones through the formation of a pyrrole ring, followed by ester cleavage and oxidation.[9] Additionally, since the process by which the pheromone is produced is not only formed by butterflies and moths themselves, but also derived from plants, as with the glasswing butterfly, it is unlikely that the pheromone is used to distinguish between species.

Physiology

Wings

Glasswing butterfly wing nanopillars

The transparency of Greta oto’s wings results from the combination of several properties: wing material has a low absorption of visible light, there is low scattering of the light that passes through the wings, and there is low reflection of the light impinging on the wing's surface.[10] The latter occurs for a broad range of incident wavelengths, covering the entire visible spectrum, and all incidence angles. This broadband and omnidirectional anti-reflection property originates from nanopillars standing on the wing's surface which ensures a gradient of refractive index between the incident medium, air, and the wing's membrane.[8] These nanopillars, non-periodically arranged on the wing's surface, possess a high aspect ratio (defined as height divided by radius), where the radii are below the wavelengths of the visible light. Additionally, they feature a random height and width distribution, which is directly responsible for the smooth refractive index gradient and thereby for the broadband and omnidirectional anti-reflection properties. These properties are further improved by the presence of pedestals at the base of the nanopillars.[11] Additionally, the structure of the nanopillars allows for the wings to have a low roughness factor because of its tiny hair-like microtrichia features. This was experimentally tested through water droplet adhesion to the wings. Basically, it reflects light and is transparent because of nanopillars that make up the wing.[12]

Conservation

The following national parks of Costa Rica currently feature the glasswing butterfly and are working on their conservation: Guanacaste National Park, Rincón de la Vieja National Park, Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Palo Verde National Park, Carara National Park, Poás Volcano National Park, La Selva Reserve and Biological Station, Juan Castro Blanco National Park, Irazú Volcano National Park, Chirripó National Park, and La Amistad International Park.[13]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Henderson, Carrol L. (2002). "Greta oto". Field guide to the Wildlife of Costa Rica. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. p. 56. ISBN 0-292-73459-X. OCLC 46959925.
  2. ^ Lamas, G. (Ed.). (2004). Checklist: Part 4A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Volume 5A. Gainesville, Association for Tropical Lepidoptera; Scientific Publishers.
  3. ^ a b Jenkins, Nathaniel (August 12, 2014). "Featured Creature: Glasswinged Butterfly". PBS. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
  4. ^ a b Hall, Stephen (November 1996). "Behavior and natural history of Greta oto in captivity". Tropical Lepidoptera. 7 (2): 161–165. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  5. ^ Powell, Jerry. "Lepidoptera". Encyclopedia of Insects. 2: 559–587.
  6. ^ Ingram, Abigail; Parker, Andrew (2006). "Structure, mechanism and mechanical properties of pupal attachment in Greta oto". Entomological Science. 9 (1): 109–120. doi:10.1111/j.1479-8298.2006.00158.x. S2CID 85904441.
  7. ^ a b Dyer, L. A. (1995). "Tasty generalists and nasty specialists? Antipredator mechanisms in tropical lepidopteran larvae". Ecology. 76 (5): 1483–1496. doi:10.2307/1938150. JSTOR 1938150.
  8. ^ a b Binetti, Valerie; Schiffman, Jessica; Leaffer, Oren; Spanier, Jonathon; Schauer, Caroline (February 12, 2009). "The natural transparency and piezoelectric response of the Greta oto butterfly wing". Integrative Biology. 1 (4): 324–329. doi:10.1039/b820205b. PMID 20023733.
  9. ^ a b Schulz, Stefan; Beccaloni, George; Brown, Keith; Boppre, Michael; Freitas, Andre; Ockenfels, Peter; Trigo, Jose (2004). "Semiochemicals derived from pyrrolizidine alkaloids in male ithomiine butterflies". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 32 (8): 699–713. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2003.12.004.
  10. ^ Johnsen, Sonke (2001). "Hidden in Plain Sight: The Ecology and Physiology of Organismal Transparency". The Biological Bulletin. 201 (3): 301–318. doi:10.2307/1543609. JSTOR 1543609. PMID 11751243. S2CID 6385064.
  11. ^ Siddique, R. H.; Gomard G.; Hölscher H. (2015). "The role of random nanostructures for the omnidirectional anti-reflection properties of the glasswing butterfly". Nature Communications. 6: 6909. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.6909S. doi:10.1038/ncomms7909. PMID 25901418.
  12. ^ Wanasekara, Nandula; Chalivendra, Vijaya (2011). "Role of surface roughness on wettability and coefficient of restitution in butterfly wings". Soft Matter. 7 (2): 373–379. Bibcode:2011SMat....7..373W. doi:10.1039/C0SM00548G.
  13. ^ Montero, Jose; Isidro; Chacón. "Butterflies and moths of Costa Rica". Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad.
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Wikipedia authors and editors
original
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wikipedia EN

Greta oto: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Greta oto is a species of brush-footed butterfly and member of the subfamily Danainae, tribe Ithomiini, and subtribe Godyridina. It is known by the common name glasswing butterfly for its transparent wings, which allow it to camouflage without extensive coloration. In Spanish-speaking regions, it may also be referred to as espejitos, meaning "little mirrors" because of its transparent wings. The butterfly is mainly found in Central and northern regions of South America, with sightings as far north as Texas and as far south as Chile. While its wings appear delicate, the butterfly is able to carry up to 40 times its own weight. In addition to its wing physiology, the butterfly is known for behaviors such as long migrations and lekking. Greta oto closely resembles Greta andromica.

Greta oto in the Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station (state of São Paulo, Brazil)
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Greta oto ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

La mariposa cristal (Greta oto) es una especie de lepidóptero ditrisio de la familia Nymphalidae de alas transparentes.[1][2]​ Es popularmente llamada «mariposa espejitos». Esta especie presenta unos comportamientos especiales como largas migraciones y lek.

Descripción

 src=
Greta oto.

Su envergadura oscila entre 5,5 y 6 cm.[2]​ El tejido entre las venas de sus alas parece de vidrio al carecer de escalas de color.[3]​ El borde de sus alas es de color marrón oscuro, a veces teñidas de rojos o naranja y su cuerpo de color oscuro.

Distribución

Esta especie de mariposa, descrita en 1854, es endémica de América Central, subcontinente en el cual habita principalmente en zonas húmedas.[4]​Se puede encontrar en América Central, los adultos realizan migraciones de México a Panamá.[2]​ También se pueden encontrar en Ecuador, Paraguay, Colombia , Bolivia, Perú y Venezuela.

Alimentación

Se alimenta del néctar de una variedad de flores tropicales comunes como la lantana pero prefiere poner sus huevos en las plantas solanáceas del género tropical Cestrum. Las orugas[2]​ verdes[5]​ se alimentan de estas plantas tóxicas y almacenan toxinas en sus tejidos, lo que las vuelve tóxicas para sus depredadores, en especial para las hormigas Paraponera clavata.[6]​ Los adultos también son tóxicos[7]​ pero su toxicidad se debe principalmente a que los machos se alimentan de las flores cuyo néctar contiene alcaloides, por ejemplo, de la familia Asteraceae. Estos mismos alcaloides se convierten en feromonas con las que los machos atraen a las hembras.

 src=
Manizales - Caldas (Colombia). Fotografía: Hector Javier Rivera Torres

Galería

Referencias

  1. Lamas, G. (Ed.). (2004). Checklist: Part 4A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Volume 5A. Gainesville, Association for Tropical Lepidoptera; Scientific Publishers.
  2. a b c d Henderson, Carrol L. (2002). «Greta oto». Field guide to the Wildlife of Costa Rica. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. p. 56. ISBN 0-292-73459-X. OCLC 46959925. Consultado el 9 de marzo de 2009.
  3. Creation, Volume 30, No 4, page 56
  4. pueden llegar a recorrer hasta doce kilómetros en un día como hábito migratorio
  5. Hall, S. K.. (1996). Behaviour and natural history of Greta oto in captivity (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae), Tropical Lepidoptera, 7: 161-165.
  6. Dyer, L. A. (1995). Tasty generalists and nasty specialists? Antipredator mechanisms in tropical lepidopteran larvae, Ecology, 76: 1483-1496.
  7. Brown, K. S. (1984). Adult obtained pyrrolizidine alkaloids defend ithomiine butterflies against a spider predator, Nature, 309: 707-709.

Bibliografía

  • Hall, S.K. (1996). Behaviour and natural history of Greta oto in captivity (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae). Tropical Lepidoptera vol. 7 no 2.

 title=
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Greta oto: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

La mariposa cristal (Greta oto) es una especie de lepidóptero ditrisio de la familia Nymphalidae de alas transparentes.​​ Es popularmente llamada «mariposa espejitos». Esta especie presenta unos comportamientos especiales como largas migraciones y lek.

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Greta oto ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Greta oto est une espèce de lépidoptères de la famille des Nymphalidae. Elle est originaire d'Amérique centrale. Sous sa forme adulte de papillon, elle a la particularité d'avoir des ailes transparentes[1].

Morphologie

L'envergure de l'imago varie entre 5,6 et 6,1 cm[réf. souhaitée].

Distribution

L'aire de répartition de Greta oto s'étend du Mexique au Panama[1].

Biologie

Greta oto butine des fleurs communes comme le lantana, mais pond ses œufs sur des plantes tropicales toxiques telles que Cestrum nocturnum[1]. Les chenilles, qui sont rouges et violettes à rayures, se nourrissent de ces toxines et stockent les alcaloïdes végétaux dans leurs tissus. Elles deviennent ainsi à leur tour toxiques (ou au moins désagréables) pour leurs prédateurs naturels tels que les oiseaux. Cette toxicité acquise à l'état larvaire perdure chez le papillon adulte. Les mêmes alcaloïdes végétaux (et toxiques) sont convertis en phéromones par les mâles pour attirer les femelles.

Les imagos de Greta oto affichent également un certain nombre de comportements intéressants, parmi lesquels la constitution d'une aire de parade chez les mâles et la capacité à réaliser des migrations importantes.

Étude scientifique et biomimétisme

La transparence des ailes de Greta oto a été étudiée par une équipe de scientifiques allemands de l'Institut de technologie de Karlsruhe. Alors que le verre classique reflète de 8 à 100% de la lumière en fonction de l'angle d'incidence, les ailes de ce papillon ont la particularité de n'en refléter qu'entre 2 et 5%, quel que soit l'angle d'incidence, y compris dans l'infrarouge et l'ultraviolet. Le phénomène s'avère dû au fait que les ailes sont tapissées de nanostructures en forme de colonnes dont la taille et la disposition sont très irrégulières. Cette particularité pourrait être utilisée pour développer de nouveaux revêtements anti-reflets pour les écrans de téléphones ou d'ordinateurs[2],[3].

Références

  1. a b et c (en) Carrol L. Henderson, Field guide to the Wildlife of Costa Rica, Austin, Texas, University of Texas Press, 2002, 1re éd., poche (ISBN 978-0-292-73459-3, OCLC , LCCN , lire en ligne), « Greta oto », p. 56
  2. « Biomimétisme : des écrans antireflets inspirés d'ailes de papillons », sur futura-sciences.com, 29 avril 2015 (consulté le 6 avril 2020).
  3. « L'écran de votre smartphone bientôt inspiré des ailes de ce papillon ? », sur sciencesetavenir.fr, 3 mai 2015 (consulté le 6 avril 2020).

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Greta oto: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Greta oto est une espèce de lépidoptères de la famille des Nymphalidae. Elle est originaire d'Amérique centrale. Sous sa forme adulte de papillon, elle a la particularité d'avoir des ailes transparentes.

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Greta oto ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

La farfalla di vetro o farfalla ali di vetro (Greta oto Geyer, 1837) è un lepidottero appartenente alla famiglia Nymphalidae, diffuso in America Centrale.

Descrizione

Adulto

La farfalla, detta glasswinged (ali di vetro) in inglese, ha ali trasparenti che la rendono difficile da seguire per gli uccelli predatori. I bordi opachi delle sue ali sono marrone scuro a volte con striature rosse o arancioni.
L'apertura alare è compresa tra 5,6 e 6,1 cm.

Larva

Pupa

Biologia

Distribuzione e habitat

Greta oto vive nelle zone tropicali dell'America Centrale e tra il Messico e Panama.

Tassonomia

Note

Bibliografia

  • (EN) Carrol L. Henderson, Greta oto, in Field guide to the Wildlife of Costa Rica, Austin, University of Texas Press, 2002, p. 56, ISBN 0-292-73459-X.
  • (EN) Kükenthal, W. (Ed.), Handbuch der Zoologie / Handbook of Zoology, Band 4: Arthropoda - 2. Hälfte: Insecta - Lepidoptera, moths and butterflies, in Kristensen, N. P. (a cura di), Handbuch der Zoologie, Fischer, M. (Scientific Editor), Teilband/Part 35: Volume 1: Evolution, systematics, and biogeography, Berlino, New York, Walter de Gruyter, 1999 [1998], pp. x + 491, ISBN 978-3-11-015704-8, OCLC 174380917.
  • (EN) Scoble, M. J., The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity, seconda edizione, London, Oxford University Press & Natural History Museum, 2011 [1992], pp. xi, 404, ISBN 978-0-19-854952-9, LCCN 92004297, OCLC 25282932.
  • (EN) Stehr, F. W. (Ed.), Immature Insects, 2 volumi, seconda edizione, Dubuque, Iowa, Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., 1991 [1987], pp. ix, 754, ISBN 9780840337023, LCCN 85081922, OCLC 13784377.

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Greta oto: Brief Summary ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

La farfalla di vetro o farfalla ali di vetro (Greta oto Geyer, 1837) è un lepidottero appartenente alla famiglia Nymphalidae, diffuso in America Centrale.

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Greta oto ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Insecten

Greta oto is een vlinder uit de familie Nymphalidae.[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1854 door William Chapman Hewitson.

Kenmerken

De vlinder heeft transparante vleugels en is tijdens de vlucht vrijwel onzichtbaar.

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze vlindersoort komt voor van Mexico tot Panama.

De rups en zijn waardplanten

De waardplanten zijn Cestrum lanatum en Cestrum standleyi uit de familie Nymphalidae. De bleke rups bevat geen stekels.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Greta oto: Brief Summary ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Greta oto is een vlinder uit de familie Nymphalidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1854 door William Chapman Hewitson.

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Greta oto ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

Greta oto[1] ou simplesmente borboleta transparente, é uma rara espécie de borboleta encontrada principalmente na América Central, que tem asas transparentes pois os tecidos entre as veias não possuem as escamas coloridas presentes em outras borboletas.

Alimentação

Uma característica interessante dessa borboleta é que elas procuram por plantas toxicas para se alimentar já que são imunes a toxina das plantas, mesmo assim podem alimentar-se de plantas comuns. Os machos dessa espécie transformam a toxina absorvido através do néctar em feromônios, com o intuito de atrair fêmeas para acasalar[2].

Distribuição

A Greta oto pode ser encontrada:

  1. Na América Central principalmente o México e no Panamá.
  2. Na América do Sul especialmente na Venezuela e Colômbia
  3. E também pode ser encontrada no Brasil.

Galeria de imagens

Referências

  1. LepIndex, Greta oto, Catalogue of life, 11 de maio de 2013
  2. Anônimo, Greta OtoSampex Dedetizadora, 10 de Dezembro de 2012
 title=
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Greta oto: Brief Summary ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

Greta oto ou simplesmente borboleta transparente, é uma rara espécie de borboleta encontrada principalmente na América Central, que tem asas transparentes pois os tecidos entre as veias não possuem as escamas coloridas presentes em outras borboletas.

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Greta oto ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Bướm Glasswing hay bướm cánh gương (Danh pháp khoa học: Greta Oto) là một loài bướm trong họ Nymphalidae, loài bướm từ lâu đã được biết tới trong tự nhiên là một trong những loài bướm kì dị nhất với đôi cánh trong suốt như pha lê.

Đặc điểm

Nguyên nhân của hiện tượng cánh trong suốt này chính là nhờ cấu trúc bề mặt cánh của bướm Glasswing. Cánh loài bướm này có cấu trúc nano ngẫu nhiên, sắp xếp không theo một trật tự nhất định. Vì vậy khi ánh sáng Mặt trời chiếu tới, phần lớn các tia sáng sẽ lọt qua cấu trúc nói trên, dẫn tới hiện tượng cánh bướm vô hình. Bướm Glasswing sở hữu một cấu trúc cánh hoàn toàn hỗn loạn, tới mức đạt được hiệu ứng vô hình tạo một bước tiến hóa lớn giúp bướm Glasswing sống sót trong tự nhiên vì bướm càng có màu sắc, chúng càng dễ bị kẻ thù nhìn thấy và săn đuổi.

Chú thích

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài

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Greta oto: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Bướm Glasswing hay bướm cánh gương (Danh pháp khoa học: Greta Oto) là một loài bướm trong họ Nymphalidae, loài bướm từ lâu đã được biết tới trong tự nhiên là một trong những loài bướm kì dị nhất với đôi cánh trong suốt như pha lê.

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wikipedia VI

Greta oto ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию
Без ранга: Линяющие
Без ранга: Panarthropoda
Надкласс: Шестиногие
Класс: Насекомые
Надотряд: Amphiesmenoptera
Подотряд: Хоботковые
Клада: Двупорые
Клада: Obtectomera
Надсемейство: Булавоусые
Семейство: Нимфалиды
Подсемейство: Данаиды
Триба: Итомины
Подтриба: Godyridina
Род: Грета
Вид: Greta oto
Международное научное название

Greta oto Hewitson, 1854

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Систематика
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Изображения
на Викискладе
NCBI 191407EOL 152108

Greta oto (лат.) — вид бабочек из семейства нимфалид (Nymphalidae) и подсемейства данаид (Danainae). Среди русских названий встречаются варианты: Грета Ото и стеклянная бабочка.

Распространение

Этот вид встречается от Мексики до Аргентины, во влажных лесах. На территории своего обитания (Южной Америке — влажные леса Амазонки), это самый многочисленный вид.

Гусеница красно- и пурпурно-полосатая.

Описание

Размах крыльев у Greta oto от 5,5 до 6 см. Ткань между жилками на крыльях у бабочки прозрачна, потому что лишена цветных чешуек. Непрозрачные границы крыльев имеют тёмно-коричневый цвет, иногда оловянного с красным или рыжим отблеском, а само тело — также тёмного цвета.

Яйца самка Greta oto откладывает на растения рода цеструм, которыми потом будет питаться гусеница и в то же время набирать в ткани ядовитые алкалоиды. В будущем взрослая бабочка станет на вкус противная для хищников, таких, например, как птицы.

Питание

Имаго

Взрослые бабочки пьют нектар цветков различных растений.

Гусеница

Гусеница питается листьями растений рода цеструм (Cestrum).

Примечания

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Greta oto: Brief Summary ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию

Greta oto (лат.) — вид бабочек из семейства нимфалид (Nymphalidae) и подсемейства данаид (Danainae). Среди русских названий встречаются варианты: Грета Ото и стеклянная бабочка.

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