dcsimg

Habitat ( Inglês )

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This species inhabits a number of different dryland habitats, including the high Andean steppe (Puna grassland), the Monte desert and dry Chaco of Argentina, and the Sechura Desert of Peru. For much of its range, it is found in high-elevation habitats of the Andes. At the southern extreme of its distribution, it can be found in lowland areas.

Range elevation: 0 to 3750 m.

Habitat Regions: temperate ; tropical ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: desert or dune ; savanna or grassland ; chaparral ; mountains

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Giarla, T. 2012. "Thylamys pallidior" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Thylamys_pallidior.html
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Tom Giarla, University of Minnesota
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Distribution ( Inglês )

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Thylamys pallidior is distributed from southern Peru to central Argentina, including Chile and western Bolivia.

Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native )

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Giarla, T. 2012. "Thylamys pallidior" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Thylamys_pallidior.html
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Tom Giarla, University of Minnesota
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Trophic Strategy ( Inglês )

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Albanese et al. (2010) examined the feces of wild Thylamys pallidior individuals and found that its diet primarily consisted of arthropods. Other dietary components include leaves, fruit, and seeds. Other Thylamys species have been observed consuming small vertebrates (e.g. rodents, lizards), so it is possible that Thylamys pallidior also feeds on those prey items (Palma, 1997)

Animal Foods: insects

Plant Foods: leaves; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit

Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore )

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Giarla, T. 2012. "Thylamys pallidior" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Thylamys_pallidior.html
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Tom Giarla, University of Minnesota
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Tanya Dewey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Associations ( Inglês )

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Thylamys pallidior acts as an important predator to many arthropod species and some small vertebrates. It is prey to several bird and medium-sized mammals, such as owls and foxes. Braun et al. (2010) list six ecto- and endoparasites associated with Thylamys pallidior.

Commensal/Parasitic Species:

  • Craneopsylla minerva wolffhuegeli
  • Acanthochela chilensis
  • Marmosopus peruvianus
  • Pterygodermatites kozeki
  • Mathevotaenia sanmartini
  • Eimeria
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Giarla, T. 2012. "Thylamys pallidior" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Thylamys_pallidior.html
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Tom Giarla, University of Minnesota
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Benefits ( Inglês )

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There are no known positive impacts of Thylamys pallidior on humans.

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Giarla, T. 2012. "Thylamys pallidior" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Thylamys_pallidior.html
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Benefits ( Inglês )

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There are no known negative effects of Thylamys pallidior.

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Giarla, T. 2012. "Thylamys pallidior" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Thylamys_pallidior.html
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Tom Giarla, University of Minnesota
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Conservation Status ( Inglês )

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This species is listed as "Least Concern" by the IUCN.

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Giarla, T. 2012. "Thylamys pallidior" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Thylamys_pallidior.html
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Tom Giarla, University of Minnesota
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Tanya Dewey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Behavior ( Inglês )

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Because this species is small and nocturnal, communication between individuals is likely primarily olfactory in nature. Palma (1997) reports that the olfactory and visual regions of the brain of Thylamys elegans, a closely related species, are especially well developed.

Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; vibrations ; chemical

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Giarla, T. 2012. "Thylamys pallidior" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Thylamys_pallidior.html
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Tom Giarla, University of Minnesota
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Life Expectancy ( Inglês )

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Braun et al. (2010) note an account of Thylamys pallidior from the early 20th century wherein a captured juvenile survived for 1.5 years in captivity, tripling in size over its life span.

Range lifespan
Status: captivity:
1.5 (high) years.

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Giarla, T. 2012. "Thylamys pallidior" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Thylamys_pallidior.html
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Tom Giarla, University of Minnesota
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Morphology ( Inglês )

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Like other members of its genus, Thylamys pallidior is notable for its incrassate (fattened) tail. The size of the tail varies by season in accordance with food availability. Although this species is a marsupial, females do not have a pouch. This species is tricolored, with darker dorsal fur, paler lateral fur, and a white ventral region. This species is broadly similar to other members of the Elegans Group (which includes T. elegans, T. pallidior, and T. tatei) as described by Giarla et al. (2010). Giarla et al. (2010) report head + body lengths that range from 73 to 104 mm (average 95 mm) and tail lengths that range from 97 to 118 mm long (average 109 mm). Braun et al. (2010) report body masses ranging from 13 to 39 g (average 19 g)

Range mass: 13 to 39 g.

Average mass: 19 g.

Range length: 170 to 222 mm.

Average length: 204 mm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

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Giarla, T. 2012. "Thylamys pallidior" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Thylamys_pallidior.html
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Tom Giarla, University of Minnesota
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Tanya Dewey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Associations ( Inglês )

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Like other small mammals, Thylamys pallidior is likely well adapted to avoiding predators by being nocturnal and inconspicuous. This species has been noted as a prey item for two owl species.

Known Predators:

  • Magellanic horned owls (Bubo magellanicus)
  • common barn owls (Tyto alba)

Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic

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Giarla, T. 2012. "Thylamys pallidior" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Thylamys_pallidior.html
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Tom Giarla, University of Minnesota
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Reproduction ( Inglês )

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Little is known about the mating system in Thylamys pallidior. Palma (1997) reports that two Thylamys elegans adults (a closely related species) have never been found in the same nest, suggesting that this species does not form monogamous breeding pairs.

Little is known about the general reproductive behavior of Thylamys pallidior. Anecdotal evidence from the early 20th century (reviewed in Braun et al., 2010) suggests that this species and other small opossums breed one to three times per year. Juvenile animals tend to be captured early in the calendar year, with only adult specimens being captured in the last few months of the year.

Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous

Little is known about the parental care of Thylamys pallidior. Like other Thylamys species, females lack a pouch, with exposed young clinging to the nipples.

Parental Investment: altricial ; female parental care ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)

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Giarla, T. 2012. "Thylamys pallidior" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Thylamys_pallidior.html
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Tom Giarla, University of Minnesota
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Distribution ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por IABIN
Chile Central
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Thylamys pallidior ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

Thylamys pallidior és una espècie d'opòssum de la família dels didèlfids.[1] Viu a l'Argentina i Bolívia.[2]

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Thylamys pallidior Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
  1. Gardner, Alfred. Wilson, D. E. (ed.); Reeder, D. M. (ed.). Mammal Species of the World. 3a ed.. Johns Hopkins University Press, 16 novembre 2005, p. 17-18. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.
  2. Diaz, M.; Teta, P.. Thylamys pallidior. UICN 2008. Llista Vermella d'espècies amenaçades de la UICN, edició 2008, consultada el 28 desembre 2008.
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Thylamys pallidior: Brief Summary ( Catalão; Valenciano )

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Thylamys pallidior és una espècie d'opòssum de la família dels didèlfids. Viu a l'Argentina i Bolívia.

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Fahle Fettschwanzbeutelratte ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Die Fahle Fettschwanzbeutelratte (Thylamys pallidior) kommt im küstennahen Süden von Peru, im Südwesten von Bolivien, im Norden von Chile und in weiten Teilen des westlichen und mittleren Argentinien vor.[1] Damit hat sie das größte Verbreitungsgebiet aller Fettschwanzbeutelratten.[2]

Beschreibung

Die Tiere erreichen eine Kopfrumpflänge von 7,3 bis 10,5 cm, haben einen 9 bis 11,8 cm langen Schwanz und erreichen ein Gewicht von 13 bis 38,5 g. Der der Fettspeicherung dienende Schwanz hat in der Regel eine Länge von 115 % der Kopfrumpflänge. Wie bei Fettschwanzbeutelratten üblich, sind die Haare gebändert mit drei unterschiedlichen Farbzonen. Die Tiere sind braungrau gefärbt und an den Körperseiten, im Gesicht, rund um die Augen und an den Wangen deutlich heller als auf dem Rücken und der Kopfoberseite. Die Augen sind von schmalen dunklen Ringen umgeben, die sich weit nach vorn in Richtung Nase erstrecken. Das Bauchfell ist weiß. Die Ohren sind grau und hellgrau an der Basis. Vorder- und Hinterpfoten sind klein und weißlich. Der Schwanz ist auf der Oberseite grau und auf der Unterseite gelblich-weiß mit einer hellen Spitze. Die Weibchen haben keinen Beutel. Die Anzahl der Zitzen liegt für gewöhnlich bei neun, vier an den Seiten und eine Mittige; es gibt jedoch auch Weibchen mit 15 Zitzen, eine Mittige und sieben Paare an den Seiten. Der Karyotyp der Fahlen Fettschwanzbeutelratte besteht aus einem Chromosomensatz von 2n=14 Chromosomen (FN=20).[1]

Die Zahnformel lautet: 5 / 1 / 3 / 4 4 / 1 / 3 / 4 = 50 {displaystyle {frac {5/1/3/4}{4/1/3/4}}=50} {displaystyle {frac {5/1/3/4}{4/1/3/4}}=50}[3]

Lebensraum und Lebensweise

 src=
Das Verbreitungsgebiet der Fahlen Fettschwanzbeutelratte

Die Fahle Fettschwanzbeutelratte lebt in Wüsten, Halbwüsten und Steppen, in der Puna, der Monte und in der patagonischen Steppe von Meeresspiegelhöhe bis in Höhen von etwa 4500 Metern. Große Teile ihres Lebensraumes sind vegetationsarm und felsig, andere sind mit Bäumen aus den Gattungen Polylepis und Prosopis oder Sträuchern aus der Gattung Larrea oder verschiedenen Dornsträuchern bewachsen. Die Tiere scheinen Gegenden mit einer ausreichend Deckung bietenden Vegetation zum Schutz vor Prädatoren zu bevorzugen. Einige Exemplare wurden auch in Gebäuden gefangen. Die Fahle Fettschwanzbeutelratte ist nachtaktiv und terrestrisch (bodenlebend). Sie klettert jedoch auch auf niedrige Sträucher. Tagsüber, wenn sie schläft, kann die Körpertemperatur bis unter 15 °C fallen. Die Tiere fallen dann in einen Torpor.[1]

Die Fahle Fettschwanzbeutelratte hat das am weitesten nach Süden reichende Verbreitungsgebiet aller Fettschwanzbeutelratten. Andere Kleinsäuger, die in Patagonien im Lebensraum der Fahlen Fettschwanzbeutelratte vorkommen, sind Akodon iniscatus und Akodon molinae aus der Gattung der Südamerikanischen Feldmäuse, Calomys musculinus aus der Gattung der Vespermäuse, Eligmodontia typus aus der Gattung der Hochland-Wüstenmäuse, Graomys griseoflavus, die Langschwanz-Zwergreisratte (Oligoryzomys longicaudatus) und Phyllotis xanthopygus aus der Gattung der Blattohrmäuse. Im nördlichen Argentinien sind dies die Anden-Feldmaus (Abrothrix andinus), Akodon albiventer, Akodon dolores und eine weitere unbestimmte Art der Südamerikanischen Feldmäuse, Andalgalomys olrogi und Andalgalomys roigi aus der Gattung der Chaco-Mäuse, die Andenmaus (Andinomys edax), C. musculinus, die Hochland-Wüstenmäuse Eligmodontia bolsonensis, Eligmodontia moreni und E. typus, G. griseoflavus, P. xanthopygus und Reithrodon auritus aus der Gattung der Kaninchenratten.[4]

Ernährung

 src=
In der Monte frisst die Fahle Fettschwanzbeutelratte während der Regenzeit vor allem die Blätter von Prosopis flexuosa.

Die Fahle Fettschwanzbeutelratte ernährt sich vor allem von kleinen Gliederfüßern, darunter Käfer, Spinnentiere, Hundertfüßer, Schmetterlinge und Zweiflügler, sowie von Blättern, Samen und Früchten. Bei Untersuchungen während der Regenzeit in der Monte, einem trockenen, steppenartigen Buschland in Argentinien, fand man heraus, dass sich die Tiere dann ausschließlich von Blättern, vor allem von Prosopis flexuosa, ernähren und keine tierische Nahrung zu sich nahmen. Selten werden auch kleine Nager, kleine Echsen, Vögel oder Vogeleier verspeist. Ein in menschlicher Obhut gehaltenes Exemplar fraß in der Nacht bis zu 20 Käfer, wobei es vorher Flügel und Teile des Exoskeletts abtrennte.[4] Bei Wasserknappheit kann die Fahle Fettschwanzbeutelratte ihr Urinvolumen reduzieren. Wie alle Fettschwanzbeutelratten speichert sie bei gutem Nahrungsangebot Fett in ihrem Schwanz, der dann vier bis fünf mal dicker wird als normal (ø 10 mm und mehr). Das Fett wird in Zeiten knapper Nahrung oder während eines Torpors wieder abgebaut.[1]

Fortpflanzung

Zur Vermehrung baut die Fahle Fettschwanzbeutelratte Nester aus Gräsern, Blättern, Federn und anderem Material in Baumhöhlen, oder unter Sträuchern oder Felsen. Sie vermehrt sich zwei Mal im Jahr. In Argentinien wurden Weibchen mit großen, Milch absondernden Zitzen im Dezember und Februar und Jungtiere von Februar bis Juni gefunden. Oft haben die Weibchen nur drei bis vier Jungtiere, weniger als Zitzen zur Verfügung stehen.[1]

 src=
Die Brasilianische Schleiereule ist ein Fressfeind der Fahlen Fettschwanzbeutelratte.

Fressfeinde und Parasiten

Bekannte Fressfeinde der Fahlen Fettschwanzbeutelratte sind der Magellan-Uhu (Bubo magellanicus) und die Brasilianische Schleiereule (Tyto furcata tuidara). Bei einer in der Atacama-Wüste im nördlichen Chile im September durchgeführten Untersuchung enthielten 25,9 % der Gewölle der Schleiereule Überreste der Fahlen Fettschwanzbeutelratte. Sie war zu dieser Zeit das zweitwichtigste Beutetier des Vogels. Ektoparasiten, die die Fahle Fettschwanzbeutelratte befallen, sind der Floh Craneopsylla minervawolffhuegeli und die Milbe Acanthochela chilensis. Außerdem sind folgende Endoparasiten bekannt: der Fadenwurm Pterygodermatitesi kozeki, der Bandwurm Mathevotaenia sanmartini und der einzellige Parasit Eimeria.[4]

Systematik

Die Fahle Fettschwanzbeutelratte wurde erstmals im Jahr 1902 durch den britischen Zoologen Oldfield Thomas beschrieben und der Eleganten Fettschwanzbeutelratte (damals Marmosa elegans) als Unterart zugeordnet. Heute gilt sie als eigenständige Art und wird in die Gattung der Fettschwanzbeutelratten (Thylamys) gestellt. Terra typica ist Challapata Belén im Westen Boliviens.[1] Das aus dem lateinischen „pallidus“ abgeleitete Art-Epitheton bedeutet „blass“. Thylamys fenestrae ist bei der IUCN eine eigenständige Art,[5] wird im Beuteltierband des Handbook of the Mammals of the World aber als Synonym von Thylamys pallidior behandelt.[1] Eine phylogenetische Analyse, bei der die Cytochrom b kodierende Mitochondriale DNA verglichen wurde, zeigte, dass Thylamys pallidior aus einer nördlichen und einer südlichen Klade besteht, die sich vor ein bis zwei Millionen Jahren voneinander trennten.[2] Möglicherweise müssen die beiden Kladen als unterschiedliche Unterarten oder Arten angesehen werden. Außerdem ist eine bisher zu Thylamys pallidior gezählte Population aus der Region Huancavelica und der Provinz Lima in Peru näher mit Tates Fettschwanzbeutelratte (Thylamys tatei) verwandt und bildet ein bisher unbenanntes Taxon. Die Schwesterart von Thylamys pallidior ist die Elegante Fettschwanzbeutelratte (Thylamys elegans) aus dem mittleren Chile.[6]

Das folgende Kladogramm zeigt die Verwandtschaft der verschiedenen Arten innerhalb der Anden-Klade von Thylamys:[6]

 src=
Die nah mit der Fahlen Fettschwanzbeutelratte verwandte Elegante Fettschwanzbeutelratte
Thylamys (Anden-Klade)

Thylamys tatei


Thylamys n. sp.





Thylamys elegans Nord


Thylamys elegans Süd




Thylamys pallidior (Peru und nördliches Chile)


Thylamys pallidior (nordwestliches Argentinien, Patagonien)





Status

Die IUCN führt die Fahle Fettschwanzbeutelratte als ungefährdet. Sie hat ein sehr großes Verbreitungsgebiet, ist wahrscheinlich zahlreich und kommt auch in einigen Schutzgebieten vor.[7][1]

Literatur

Belege

  1. a b c d e f g h Diego Astúa: Family Didelphidae (Opossums). in Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 5. Monotremes and Marsupials. Lynx Editions, 2015, ISBN 978-84-96553-99-6. Seite 176 u. 177.
  2. a b Janet K. Braun, Ronald A. Van Den Bussche, Philip K. Morton, Michael A. Mares: Phylogenetic and Biogeographic Relationships of Mouse Opossums Thylamys (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) in Southern South America. Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 86, Issue 1, 15 Februar 2005, Seiten 147–159, doi:10.1644/1545-1542(2005)0862.0.CO;2
  3. Braun, Pratt u. Mares (2010), Seite 93.
  4. a b c Braun, Pratt u. Mares (2010), Seite 95.
  5. Thylamys fenestrae in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2016. Eingestellt von: Martin, G.M. & Flores, D., 2016. Abgerufen am 22.03.2020.
  6. a b R. Eduardo Palma, Dusan Boric Bargetto, Pablo Jayat, David A. Flores et a.: Molecular phylogenetics of mouse opossums: new findings on the phylogeny of Thylamys (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae). Zoologica Scripta 43(3):217-234 · Januar 2014, PDF
  7. Thylamys pallidior in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2015. Eingestellt von: Albanese, M.S., Martin, G.M., Teta, P. & Flores, D., 2015. Abgerufen am 22.03.2020.

Weblinks

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Fahle Fettschwanzbeutelratte: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Die Fahle Fettschwanzbeutelratte (Thylamys pallidior) kommt im küstennahen Süden von Peru, im Südwesten von Bolivien, im Norden von Chile und in weiten Teilen des westlichen und mittleren Argentinien vor. Damit hat sie das größte Verbreitungsgebiet aller Fettschwanzbeutelratten.

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Opossum ġurdien ta' denbu oħxon ta' żaqqu bajda ( Maltese )

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L-Opossum ġurdien ta' denbu oħxon ta' żaqqu bajd, magħruf xjentifikament bħala Thylamys pallidior, huwa mammiferu marsupjal, tat-tribù Thylamyini, fil-familja Didelphidae (didelfidu), fl-ordni Didelphimorphia (didelfimorfju) u huwa wieħed mill-opossumi ġrieden ta' denbhom oħxon, nattiv tal-kontinent tal-Amerika t'Isfel.

Dan l-opossum ġurdien ta' denbu oħxon huwa marsupjal kemm arborju (jgħix fis-siġar) kif ukoll terrestri (jgħix mal-art), b'abitudni notturna (attiv bil-lejl).

Dieta

L-Opossum ġurdien ta' denbu oħxon ta' żaqqu bajda huwa marsupjal b'dieta primarjament insettivora, għalkemm frott, bajd tal-għasafar u annimali vertebrati żgħar bħal gremxul u ġrieden huma inklużi fid-dieta wkoll.

Distribuzzjoni

Thylamys pallidior huwa speċi b'distribuzzjoni fil-kontinent tal-Amerika t'Isfel, mifruxa mal-Arġentina, il-Bolivja, iċ-Ċili u l-Peru.

Klassifikazjoni

Referenzi

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Opossum ġurdien ta' denbu oħxon ta' żaqqu bajda: Brief Summary ( Maltese )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

L-Opossum ġurdien ta' denbu oħxon ta' żaqqu bajd, magħruf xjentifikament bħala Thylamys pallidior, huwa mammiferu marsupjal, tat-tribù Thylamyini, fil-familja Didelphidae (didelfidu), fl-ordni Didelphimorphia (didelfimorfju) u huwa wieħed mill-opossumi ġrieden ta' denbhom oħxon, nattiv tal-kontinent tal-Amerika t'Isfel.

Dan l-opossum ġurdien ta' denbu oħxon huwa marsupjal kemm arborju (jgħix fis-siġar) kif ukoll terrestri (jgħix mal-art), b'abitudni notturna (attiv bil-lejl).

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White-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The white-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum (Thylamys pallidior) is a species of opossum in the family Didelphidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru.[1]

Taxonomy and etymology

The white-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum is a member of the genus Thylamys, and is placed in the family Didelphidae. It was first described by English zoologist Oldfield Thomas as Marmosa elegans pallidior in 1902.[2][3] The present binomial name was suggested in a 1989 paper.[4] No subspecies are recognized.[2]

The cladogram below, based on a 2016 study, shows the phylogenetic relationships of the white-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum.[5]

Patagonian opossum (Lestodelphys halli)

Thylamys

Dwarf fat-tailed mouse opossum (T. velutinus)

Karimi's fat-tailed mouse opossum (T. karimii)

Buff-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum (T. venustus)

Cinderella fat-tailed mouse opossum (T. cinderella)

Argentine fat-tailed mouse opossum (T. sponsorius)

Paraguayan fat-tailed mouse opossum (T. macrurus)

Tate's fat-tailed mouse opossum (T. tatei)

Elegant fat-tailed mouse opossum (T. elegans)

White-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum (T. pallidior)

T. citellus

T. pulchellus

Common fat-tailed mouse opossum (T. pusillus)

The generic name is composed of the Greek words thylas ("pouch") and mys ("mouse"), and the specific name pallidior derives from the Latin pallidus ("pale"). Alternative names for the white-bellied fat-tailed opossum include pallid fat-tailed opossum, comadreja enana, comadrejita comun, llaca de la puna and marmosa palada.[6]

Description

The white-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum, one of the smallest in its genus, differs from most other mouse opossums in having a gray to brown coat and completely white underside. It has well-developed, blackish eye rings that extend toward the nose (similar to the buff-bellied, elegant and Tate's fat-tailed mouse opossums but unlike the common, dwarf, Karimi's and Paraguayan fat-tailed mouse opossums). The head-and-body length of the white-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum is 7.3 to 10.5 centimetres (2.9 to 4.1 in); the tail, slightly longer, ranges from 9 to 11.5 centimetres (3.5 to 4.5 in). Adults weigh between 13 and 39 grams (0.46 and 1.38 oz).[3][6][7]

The coat is smooth with gray and brown hairs, and notably darker along the midline of the back than the flanks. A gray band, seen in other mouse opossums, is absent or inconspicuous. The face is significantly paler than the coat, hence its name.[3][7] The tail is prehensile, with only sparse hairs, albeit in a similar color to those on the body. The tail becomes noticeably thicker, especially at the base, during the autumn, when the animal lays down fat reserves in preparation for winter. The fur on the feet is white, and relatively dense about the ankles.[6]

Distribution and habitat

The white-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum is found in southern Peru and south-western Bolivia, in the northernmost regions of Chile, and along the eastern slopes of the Andes mountains in western and central Argentina. It inhabits arid and semi-arid environments from sea level to 4,500 metres (14,800 ft), ranging from the coastal deserts of Peru, through the Andes and the Monte Desert, and into the Patagonian steppe of Argentina. It generally inhabits rocky environments with little plant cover, but can be found in dry forest or thorn scrub.[6][8]

Behavior

White-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossums are nocturnal animals with good climbing abilities, although they prefer to spend most of their time on the ground. They nest in natural cavities, either in trees or shrubs, or beneath rocks. Although they do not truly hibernate through the winter, they do enter torpor if temperatures fall below around 15 °C, and therefore may be inactive through much of the winter period.[6]

In the wild, they rarely drink, being able to subsist on the water in their food. They eat a wide range of insects and spiders, but prefer beetles, of which they may eat up to twenty a night. Although such small invertebrates compose the majority of their diet, they also eat a moderate amount of leaves and seeds, and will occasionally consume small vertebrates such as mice and lizards. Their main predators include the barn owl and the Magellanic horned owl.[6]

Reproduction

White-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossums are believed to be able to breed up to three times a year, although most probably only give birth once or twice. The young are born in litters of up to fifteen individuals, typically during the summer months. Unlike some other marsupials, the females do not have a pouch; the teats are variable in both number and arrangement, and may not all be functional at the same time.[9] Individuals have lived up to eighteen months in captivity.[6]

Evolution

It is closely related to T. karimii.[7] However, phylogenetic analysis shows that the species' closest relatives are probably the elegant, common, and Tate's fat-tailed mouse opossums, all of which also inhabit arid environments. Although fossils are known only from the Holocene, estimates for the divergence of the species from its closest relatives range from 2.2 to 6 million years ago.[8]

References

  1. ^ a b Albanese, M.S.; Martin, G.M.; Teta, P.; Flores, D. (2015). "Thylamys pallidior". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T14888655A51222283. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T14888655A51222283.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Gardner, A.L. (2005). "Order Didelphimorphia". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 17–18. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. ^ a b c Solari, S. (2003). "Diversity and distribution of Thylamys (Didelphidae) in South America, with emphasis on species from the western side of the Andes". In Jones, M.; Dickman, C.; Archer, M. (eds.). Predators with Pouches: The Biology of Carnivorous Marsupials. Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. pp. 82–101. ISBN 978-0-643-06634-2.
  4. ^ Gardner, A.L.; Creighton, G.K. (1989). "A new generic name for Tate's (1933) Microtarsus group of South American mouse opossums (Marsupialia: Didelphidae)". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 102 (1): 3–7.
  5. ^ Amador, L.I.; Giannini, N.P. (2016). "Phylogeny and evolution of body mass in didelphid marsupials (Marsupialia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 16 (3): 641–657. doi:10.1007/s13127-015-0259-x. S2CID 17393886.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Braun, J.K. (2010). "Thylamys pallidior (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)". Mammalian Species. 42 (856): 90–8. doi:10.1644/856.1.
  7. ^ a b c Eisenberg, J.F.; Redford, K.H. (1999). The Central Neotropics: Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil. Chicago, US: University of Chicago Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-226-19542-1.
  8. ^ a b Braun, J.K.; et al. (2005). "Phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships of mouse opossums Thylamys (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) in southern South America". Journal of Mammalogy. 86 (1): 147–159. doi:10.1644/1545-1542(2005)086<0147:PABROM>2.0.CO;2.
  9. ^ Voss, R.S. & Jansa, S.A. (2003). "Nonmolecular data and new IRBP sequences: separate and combined analyses of didelphine relationships with denser taxon sampling". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 276: 1–82. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2003)276<0001:PSODMI>2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/444. S2CID 55193165.
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White-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The white-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum (Thylamys pallidior) is a species of opossum in the family Didelphidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru.

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Thylamys pallidior ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

La marmosa pálida (Thylamys pallidior) o comadrejita de vientre blanco, llaca de la Puna o comadreja enana, es una especie de marsupial didelfimorfo de la familia Didelphidae propio de Sudamérica. Se encuentra en el este de Argentina, sur y este de Bolivia, norte de Chile y la parte occidental de los Andes peruanos.[1][2]

Distribución

En Bolivia se encuentra en Challapata, departamento de Oruro, habita también en el altiplano de Argentina, Perú y Chile. En Chile ha sido descrita en la región de Arica y Parinacota en las localidades de Socoroma, Zapahuira, Chapiquiña, Enquelga, Tignamar y quebrada de Camarones sobre los 3.000 metros sobre el mar, también se ha descrito más al sur en la zona costera de la provincia del Huasco en la región de Atacama.[3]

En Argentina, esta especie es de abundancia relativa baja pero durante los picos de abundancia poblacional, es frecuente su captura. No hay evidencias en de decrecimiento de su población. Su distribución es extensa y se han identificado al menos 10 localidades de ocurrencia.[4]

Hábitat

En Chile, esta especie habita en pendientes rocosas del altiplano, sobre los 3.000 metros sobre el mar, principalmente en ambientes secos y en forma ocasional áreas con cierta humedad próximas a charcos de agua y asociadas a algún tipo de vegetación. Habita en cuevas o nidos abandonados. Se ha encontrado en algunas quebradas del desierto como en quebrada de Camarones.[3]​ También se ha descrito para Chile en la península de Mejillones en la región de Antofagasta y en el parque nacional Pan de Azúcar en la región de Atacama.[5]​ En Argentina también habita en sectores de prepuna y monte.[6]

Características

Esta especie es de pequeño tamaño, se caracteriza por poseer un pelaje suave y tupido, relativamente largo y laxo, más largo que la llaca elegante, su coloración dorsal es gris pálido predominante, más claro en los flancos y su pelaje ventral es de color gris cremoso o blanco puro, sin gris en la base de los pelos. Posee una máscara facial reducida ya que sus ojos están rodeados por un anillo de color oscuro, pero más reducida que el Thylamys elegans, sus patas son pequeñas de color blanco-grisáceo o blancas. Su cola es prensil se caracteriza por ser bicolor: marrón o gris pardo en la parte dorsal y blanca en la parte ventral, está cubierta de pequeñas escamas dispuestos en anillos. Durante el invierno tiene capacidad de almacenar grasa en la cola, especialmente en la base de ella. La hembra no posee marsupio o bolsa. Por su aspecto es muy similar a la marmosa común, se distingue por su coloración dorsal que es gris pálido.[6]

El largo de su cuerpo fluctúa entre 90 y 113 mm; condiderando su cola, a longitud total es de 192 a 215 mm, la longitud pata/una es de 13 a 17 mm, su orejas poseen una longitud de 24-27 mm. Su peso fluctúa entre 20 y 40 g.

Posee un cráneo más corto y delicado que la llaca elegante y un hocico más corto. La bulla timpánica es mucho más desarrollada que la del Thylamis elegans y una fenestración palatal extensa.[3]

En Chile se le consideró por mucho tiempo como una subespecie de la llaca común.[5]

Hábitos

Esta especie es de hábitos nocturnos, como muchos marsupiales. Es además arborícola. su alimentación es principalmente insectívora, aunque los estudios son escasos, su dieta también incluye frutos, pequeños roedores y aves. Se le ha encontrado habitando en lugares con otra especies como el ratón de vientre blanco, el lauchón orejudo de darwin y el ratón maestro de orejas (Phyllotis magister).[3]

Durante el período de otoño acumula grasa en su cola, principalmente en la base de ésta, usa esta grasa como fuente de energía durante el período de invierno dado que el alimento es más escaso. Al parecer, puede entrar en letargo cuando la temperatura ambiental es demasiado baja.[6][7]

Reproducción

Su reproducción es poco conocida. Solo se sabe que ocurre en los meses de verano y su madurez sexual se alcanza al año de edad. La hembra posee unas 15 mamas, la mayoría de posición Inguinal y dos pares pectorales. Aparentemente se reproduce hasta dos veces al año y puede parir entre 11 a 15 crías por camada. Como otras especies del género Thylamys la hembra carece de marsupio.[7][6][5]

Estado de Conservación

La especie está incluida en el reglamento de la Ley de Caza en Chile y está catalogada como beneficiosa para la actividad silvoagropecuaria y como benéfica para la mantención del equilibrio de los ecosistemas naturales. Este mismo reglamento indica que sus poblaciones son reducidas.[8]​ Está considerada como una especie rara en el norte de Chile.[3][5]

Para Argentina, esta especie está considerada como preocupación menor (LC).[4][6]

Referencias

  1. Torres, Solari; Alcides, Sergio (2002). Sistemática de Thylamys (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Marmosidae): un estudio de las poblaciones asignadas a Thylamys elegans en Perú (pdf). Tesis doctoral. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Archivado desde el original el 11 de noviembre de 2013. Consultado el 11 de noviembre de 2013.
  2. Meyhnard, E.; Palma, R.; Rivera-Milla (2002). «Filogeografía de las llacas chilenas del género Thylamys (Marsupialia, Didelphidae) sobre la base de secuencias del gen mitocondrial citocromo b». Revista chilena de historia natural 75 (2): 299-306. ISSN 0716-078X. Consultado el 11 de noviembre de 2013.
  3. a b c d e Muñoz Pedreros, Andrés; Yáñez Valenzuela, José (2009). Claudia Gil, ed. Mamíferos de Chile (en español e inglés) (segunda edición). Valdivia: CEA Ediciones. pp. 53-65. ISBN 95672779-06-3.
  4. a b «Libro Rojo de Mamíferos Amenazados de la Argentina». www.sarem.org.ar. 2012. Consultado el 24 de mayo de 2020.
  5. a b c d Iriarte Walton, Agustin; Lagos, Nicolás (2011). Mamíferos de la Región de Antofagasta (primera edición). Antofagsata: Minera Escondida. pp. 86-89.
  6. a b c d e «Sistema de Información de Biodiversidad de la Administración de Parques Nacionales (Argentina)». www.sib.gob.ar. 2012. Consultado el 24 de mayo de 2020.
  7. a b Vaccaro, Olga; Canevari, Marcelo (2007). Guía de Mamíferos de América del Sur (primera edición). Buenos Aires: L.O.L.A. p. 424. ISBN 978-950-9725-81-2.
  8. Ministerio de Agricultura (22 de mayo de 2022), «Decreto Supremo N°5: Ley de Caza», Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile, consultado el 23 de mayo de 2020.

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Thylamys pallidior: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

La marmosa pálida (Thylamys pallidior) o comadrejita de vientre blanco, llaca de la Puna o comadreja enana, es una especie de marsupial didelfimorfo de la familia Didelphidae propio de Sudamérica. Se encuentra en el este de Argentina, sur y este de Bolivia, norte de Chile y la parte occidental de los Andes peruanos.​​

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Thylamys pallidior ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Thylamys pallidior Thylamys generoko animalia da. Didelphimorphia ordenaren barruko ugaztuna da. Didelphinae azpifamilia eta Didelphidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. Thomas (1902) 10 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 161. or..

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Thylamys pallidior: Brief Summary ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Thylamys pallidior Thylamys generoko animalia da. Didelphimorphia ordenaren barruko ugaztuna da. Didelphinae azpifamilia eta Didelphidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Thylamys pallidior ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Thylamys pallidior is een zoogdier uit de familie van de Didelphidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Thomas in 1902.

Voorkomen

De soort komt voor in Peru, Bolivia, Argentinië en Chili.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Thylamys pallidior: Brief Summary ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Thylamys pallidior is een zoogdier uit de familie van de Didelphidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Thomas in 1902.

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Thylamys pallidior ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV

Thylamys pallidior[2][3][4] är en pungdjursart som först beskrevs av Thomas 1902. Thylamys pallidior ingår i släktet Thylamys och familjen pungråttor.[5][6] Inga underarter finns listade.[5]

Populationen listades en längre tid som underart eller synonym till Thylamys elegans.[1]

Utseende

Arten blir 73 till 104 mm lång (huvud och bål), har en 97 till 118 mm lång svans och väger 13 till 39 g. Den stora variationen i vikten beror på djurets förmåga att lagra fett i svansen som energireserv för vintern. Thylamys pallidior tillhör pungdjuren men honor saknar pung (marsupium). På ryggen förekommer mörk päls som går över till lite ljusare päls på kroppens sidor och buken är vit.[7]

Utbredning

Pungdjuret förekommer från södra Peru över norra Chile och Bolivia till centrala Argentina.[3]

Artens habitat varierar mer än hos andra släktmedlemmar mellan det torra eller halvtorra låglandet samt låga eller höga delar av Anderna som kan vara torra eller fuktiga. I utbredningsområdet förekommer bland annat skogar, buskskogar och bergsöknar.[1]

Ekologi

Individerna kan vara aktiva under skymningen, under natten och/eller under gryningen.[1] De äter främst ryggradslösa djur samt några växtdelar som frön, frukter och blad. Kanske ingår små ryggradsdjur i födan liksom hos andra släktmedlemmar. Antagligen lever varje exemplar ensam när honan inte är brunstig. Thylamys pallidior bygger bon av gräs, hår och upphittade fjädrar som göms i bergssprickor, i trädens håligheter eller under buskar. Den går främst på marken men den kan klättra i växtligheten. Arten intar ett stelt tillstånd (torpor) vid matbrist, främst under den kalla årstiden.[7]

Angående fortplantningssättet finns olika uppgifter. Enligt IUCN har honan bara en kull per år under sena våren eller tidiga sommaren.[1] Enligt andra källor förekommer upp till tre kullar per år. Enstaka infångade exemplar levde 1,5 år i fångenskap.[7]

Status

För artens bestånd är inga allvarliga hot kända. IUCN listar Thylamys pallidior som livskraftig (LC).[1]

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c d e f] Albanese, M.S., Martin, G.M., Teta, P. & Flores, D. 2015 Thylamys pallidior Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2017-08-18.
  2. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
  3. ^ [a b] (1998) , website Thylamys pallidior, Mammal Species of the World
  4. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2
  5. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (28 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Arkiverad från originalet den 18 juni 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120618223324/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/services/res/2011AC_26July.zip. Läst 24 september 2012.
  6. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  7. ^ [a b c] Tom Giarla (2012). ”Pallid fat-tailed opossum” (på engelska). Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Thylamys_pallidior/. Läst 18 augusti 2017.

Externa länkar

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Thylamys pallidior: Brief Summary ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV

Thylamys pallidior är en pungdjursart som först beskrevs av Thomas 1902. Thylamys pallidior ingår i släktet Thylamys och familjen pungråttor. Inga underarter finns listade.

Populationen listades en längre tid som underart eller synonym till Thylamys elegans.

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Thylamys pallidior ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Thylamys pallidior là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Didelphidae, bộ Didelphimorphia. Loài này được Thomas mô tả năm 1902.[2]

Chú thích

  1. ^ Diaz, M. & Teta, P. (2008). Thylamys pallidior. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 28 tháng 12 năm 2008. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Thylamys pallidior”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). tr. 161. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


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Thylamys pallidior: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Thylamys pallidior là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Didelphidae, bộ Didelphimorphia. Loài này được Thomas mô tả năm 1902.

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흰배살찐꼬리쇠주머니쥐 ( Coreano )

fornecido por wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

흰배살찐꼬리쇠주머니쥐 (Thylamys pallidior)는 주머니쥐과에 속하는 살찐꼬리쇠주머니쥐의 일종이다. 아르헨티나볼리비아, 칠레 그리고 페루에서 발견된다.[1]

계통 분류

다음은 살찐꼬리쇠주머니쥐속의 계통 분류이다.[2]

살찐꼬리쇠주머니쥐속    

난쟁이살찐꼬리쇠주머니쥐

   

카리미살찐꼬리쇠주머니쥐

         

담황색배살찐꼬리쇠주머니쥐

     

신데렐라살찐꼬리쇠주머니쥐

   

아르헨티나살찐꼬리쇠주머니쥐

         

파라과이살찐꼬리쇠주머니쥐

       

테이트살찐꼬리쇠주머니쥐

     

엘레강스살찐꼬리쇠주머니쥐

   

흰배살찐꼬리쇠주머니쥐

         

Thylamys citellus

     

Thylamys pulchellus

   

작은살찐꼬리쇠주머니쥐

             

각주

  1. “Thylamys pallidior”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2015.2판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2013. 2015년 7월 17일에 확인함.
  2. Amador, L.I.; Giannini, N.P. (2016). “Phylogeny and evolution of body mass in didelphid marsupials (Marsupialia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)”. 《Organisms Diversity & Evolution》: 1–17. doi:10.1007/s13127-015-0259-x.
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