dcsimg

Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

fornecido por AnAge articles
Maximum longevity: 26.3 years (captivity) Observations: One wild born specimen of the subspecies *poliocephalus* lived over 26.3 years in captivity (Richard Weigl 2005).
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Trophic Strategy ( Inglês )

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Trachypithecus francoisi feeds primarily on foliage, especially mature leaves, as well as some fruit and occasional insects. This low protein, high fiber diet requires a modified digestive system. The stomachs of monkeys in the Colobinae subfamily are large and multi-chambered. The forestomach hosts bacteria with cellulose-digesting abilities, allowing these mammals to process plant fibers.

Animal Foods: insects

Plant Foods: leaves; fruit

Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore )

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Ris, L. 2004. "Trachypithecus francoisi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_francoisi.html
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Lauren Ris, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Sem título ( Inglês )

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Common names for the species include: capped leaf monkeys, langurs, leaf monkeys, brow-ridged langurs, and black leaf monkeys.

Trachypithecus francoisi was first noticed by M. Francois, the French Consul at Lungchow, Kwangsi, China, who found specimens on cliffs along the Longkiang River. He described flocks of small black monkeys with long tails and black heads. The species was first officially described by Pousargues in 1898 from specimens collected in Longzhou, southern Guangxi Province in China.

Trachypithecus was recognized as a separate genus by Eudey in 1987, but occasionally it is still considered a subgenus or synonym of Presbytis or of Semnopithecus. There are nine other species recognized in the genus: Trachypithecus vetulus, T. johnii, T. geei, T. pileatus, T. phayrei, T. cristatus, T. auratus, and T. obscurus. There is some debate over whether Trachypithecus leucoscephalus is a subspecies of T. francoisi or a distinct species. Recent DNA research suggests that it may in fact be distinct.

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Ris, L. 2004. "Trachypithecus francoisi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_francoisi.html
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Lauren Ris, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Behavior ( Inglês )

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Vocalization and visual displays have been observed in other members of the genus; however, little is know about the communication of T. francoisi. It is reasonable for us to assume that, as in other primates, visual, tactical, accoustic, and chemical communication are all used by these monkeys.

Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Ris, L. 2004. "Trachypithecus francoisi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_francoisi.html
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Lauren Ris, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Conservation Status ( Inglês )

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Trachypithecus francoisi is are listed as Endangered by the US Fish and Wildlife service, and the IUCN classifies the species as Vulnerable, with its status dependent on ongoing conservation efforts. CITES lists the species in Appendix I. The subspecies T. f. delacouri of central Viet Nam may be the most endangered monkey in Asia with fewer than 250 individuals alive. It has also been reported that T. f. leucocephalus in southeastern China has a population of only about 400, a result of hunting the monkey for its believed medicinal value. Populations of most other species of Trachypithecus are also declining due to loss of habitat.

Threats to the species include habitat loss to the expansion of agriculture, fuelwood harvesting, warfare, logging, and hunting.

US Federal List: endangered

CITES: appendix i

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: endangered

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Ris, L. 2004. "Trachypithecus francoisi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_francoisi.html
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Lauren Ris, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Benefits ( Inglês )

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Negative economic impact to humans, other than the possibility of a retrovirus transmittal, cannot be inferred from the available information.

Negative Impacts: injures humans (carries human disease)

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Ris, L. 2004. "Trachypithecus francoisi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_francoisi.html
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Lauren Ris, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Benefits ( Inglês )

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Trachypithecus francoisi has been used in researching retroviruses that infect a variety of nonhuman primates and can be transmitted to exposed humans. The species is also hunted for its believed medicinal value.

Positive Impacts: source of medicine or drug ; research and education

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Ris, L. 2004. "Trachypithecus francoisi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_francoisi.html
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Lauren Ris, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Associations ( Inglês )

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The diet of primarily mature leaves is unique to T. francoisi, as other leaf eating monkeys prefer young leaves. Other than this impact on forest foliage, little is known about the role of these animals in the ecosystem.

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Ris, L. 2004. "Trachypithecus francoisi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_francoisi.html
autor
Lauren Ris, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Distribution ( Inglês )

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The family Cercopithecidae, or old world monkeys, includes leaf monkeys and langurs in the subfamily Colobinae. The subfamily has a wide geographical distribution throughout Asia and Africa. Trachypithecus francoisi, however, is found only in southern Guangxi province in China, northern Vietnam, and west-central Laos.

Biogeographic Regions: oriental (Native )

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Ris, L. 2004. "Trachypithecus francoisi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_francoisi.html
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Lauren Ris, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Habitat ( Inglês )

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An arboreal species, T. francoisi inhabits densely forested and limestone areas of tropical lowlands and forest valleys. Information regarding exact elevations occupied by these animals is unavailable.

Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest

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Ris, L. 2004. "Trachypithecus francoisi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_francoisi.html
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Lauren Ris, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Life Expectancy ( Inglês )

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It has been recorded that this species does not survive well in captivity, but specific information is otherwise unavailable.

Range lifespan
Status: captivity:
26.3 (high) years.

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Ris, L. 2004. "Trachypithecus francoisi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_francoisi.html
autor
Lauren Ris, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Morphology ( Inglês )

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Though males of the species are slightly larger than females, T. francoisi are approximately two feet tall and weigh between 4 and 14 kg. Lengths between 400 and 760 mm are reported.

Pelage varies from uniformly brown, black, or dark gray with a white stripe running from the corner of the mouth to the ear. White is also present in a crest above the eyes, resembling eyebrows, a feature which distinguishes them from species in the genus Presbytis. Young are golden yellow with a black tail, another feature that distinguishes these monkeys from the black young of Presbytis.

These leaf monkeys have small heads and lack cheek pouches. The tail is long, straight, and black with a white tip. Forelegs are much shorter than hind legs with hairless hands and feet that allow easy grasping of branches. Thumbs are well-developed, opposable, and significantly shorter than the thumbs of Presbytis.

This species has not been studied extensively in captivity and information regarding metabolic rate is unavailable.

Range mass: 4.3 to 14 kg.

Range length: 400 to 760 mm.

Sexual Dimorphism: male larger

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

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Ris, L. 2004. "Trachypithecus francoisi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_francoisi.html
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Lauren Ris, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Associations ( Inglês )

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Little is known regarding adaptations to avoid predation, antipredator behaviors, or life history modifications as they might relate to predation of T. francoisi. However, a 1994 study suggests that species in this family are not limited by predation, except for being hunted by humans.

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Ris, L. 2004. "Trachypithecus francoisi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_francoisi.html
autor
Lauren Ris, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Reproduction ( Inglês )

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It is common among colobines for females to initiate sexual behavior, and T. francoisi is no exception. Female proceptive behavior has been documented in the species, though specific information about this behavior is not available.

Trachypithecus francoisi is somewhat of an exception among other species in the family in that the social structure involves primarily one-male groups, in which one male mates with multiple females. Though it has not yet been observed in this species, other species in the genus are known to form all-male groups which occasionally attack one-male groups in order to oust the dominant male and take his place with the females.

Mating System: polygynous ; cooperative breeder

Mating occurs throughout the year, peaking in autumn and winter. The frequency of breeding is unknown. The estrous cycle is 24 days and gestation lasts 6 to 7 months. A female delivers a single offspring once annually. The young are born fully furred and are fairly active. Animals become sexually mature after 4 or 5 years. The species has not been widely studied and the time to weaning and independence of the young is unknown.

Breeding interval: Females are capable of producing young annually.

Breeding season: Trachypithecus francoisi mates year-round, although breeding peaks in autumn and winter

Range number of offspring: 1 to 2.

Average number of offspring: 1.

Range gestation period: 6 to 7 months.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 4 to 5 years.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 4 to 5 years.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; viviparous

Average birth mass: 457 g.

Female alloparental care of T. francoisi young has been documented and is a common trait among other Asian colobine species. It is hypothesized that alloparental care provides time and freedom for mothers to forage, improves parenting skills of the alloparent, and ensures the social integration of new infants to the group increasing the likelihood of adoption if the mother is killed. Additionally, it has been suggested that the infrequent but sometimes abusive handling of new infants by the alloparent reduces resource competition for the alloparents’ own offspring.

Other aspects of parental investment are unknown. However, in most primates with similar social structures, females provide the bulk of parental care. They groom, carry, and protect their young. However, males may also play some role in carrying, provisioning and protecting young. The most important parental role of males may be to protect young from potentially infanticidal rival males.

Parental Investment: altricial ; precocial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male, Female); post-independence association with parents; extended period of juvenile learning

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Ris, L. 2004. "Trachypithecus francoisi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_francoisi.html
autor
Lauren Ris, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Biology ( Inglês )

fornecido por Arkive
The highly folivorous diet of Francois' langur led to the evolution of enlarged salivary glands and a sacculated stomach, which combine to encourage break down and digestion of the tough fibre in leaves, with the help of bacteria living in the upper chamber of the stomach. The lower chamber contains acid as in most mammals, whereas the upper chamber is neutral to create more favourable conditions for the bacteria. Francois' langur is not restricted to eating leaves; it also consumes fruit, seeds, nectar, shoots and insects, varying its diet with seasonal changes in the abundance of these foods (5). Fleshy immature leaves are preferred (5), preventing the langurs from needing to drink frequently (6). The group moves as it feeds, ending each day in a new place. They settle down to sleep at dusk, preferring large trees in good weather, or limestone caves if it's cold or raining (8). An active and noisy species, members of troops indulge in daily mutual grooming in rest periods between feeding (5) (6). The group consists of 4 – 27 (usually around a dozen) individuals and led by the females, who operate a reasonably changeable hierarchy amongst themselves, particularly when it comes to caring for the young (2) (5) (6). There is usually just one adult male in the group who will not participate in caring for the young, except to respond to their distress calls. He will also rarely groom other members of the group, but expects to be groomed himself. Females share responsibility for the infants, who are born singly once a year. They are immediately cared for by 'allomothers' as well as their own mother, who will nurse the young monkey for up to two years before weaning. Once weaned, the bond between mother and infant is no different than between any other members of the group. After three or four years juveniles become sexually mature, and will commonly leave to join another group or to form an all-male bachelor group. Francois' langurs are not fully grown until the age of six or seven (5) (6).
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Conservation ( Inglês )

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The development and maintenance of reserves is crucial to the survival of this species, and combating hunting through the implementation of a ranger system in areas of sanctuary would also be of value. Educating consumers of traditional “medicines” derived from threatened species would not only impact positively on Francois' langur but on many other endangered species (8). T. f. francoisi is found in Xuan Nha, Na Hang, Huu Lien, and Tam Daa Nature Reserves (9), plus Ba Be and Pu Mat National Parks, Vietnam (2).
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Description ( Inglês )

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These langurs have a distinctively tall and pointed crest of black hair on their heads. The fur is black with white lines from the corners of the mouth, across the cheeks to the ears (5). The inquisitive and endearing face of Francois' langur has a short muzzle and prominent brow ridges, giving the expression of permanent surprise. Unlike the colobines' subfamily counterpart, the Cercopithecinae (or 'typical monkeys'), the leaf-eating monkeys do not have cheek pouches, having instead a bulging stomach where slow-to-digest food accumulates. The buttocks of this tree-dwelling species have thickened pads known as ischial callosities, which are separate in females, but joined up in males (6). In common with many Trachypithecus species, the hands and feet are very slim with short thumbs, and the infants' fur is pale ginger-orange, with black on the face and extremities (2) (5).
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Habitat ( Inglês )

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Living above 230 metres - a higher altitude than most langurs - Francois' langur inhabits semi-tropical monsoon forest (5) and well-sheltered rocky areas in karst (limestone) hills (2) (8).
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Range ( Inglês )

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With a range in the Indo-Burmese Biodiversity Hotspot, and both the Annamite Range Moist Forests and the Northern Indochina Subtropical Moist Forests Global 200 Ecoregions, Francois' langur is in the company of some of the world's most diverse and threatened species (7). It is found from the Red River in northeastern Vietnam to the Daming Hills in Guangxi and to Xingyi in Guizhou in south-western China (5).
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Status ( Inglês )

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Francois' langur is classified as Vulnerable (VU A1cd+2cd, C2a) on the IUCN Red List 2006 (1) and listed on Appendix II of CITES (4). Although the IUCN Red List recognises three subspecies, Francois's langur or the white side-burned black langur (T. f. francoisi) (VU), the Hatinh langur (T. f. hatinhensis) (EN) and Wulsin's black langur (T. f. ebenus) (DD) (1), current scientific thought is that Francois' langur is monotypic, and that the Hatinh langur and Wulsin's black langur are in fact distinct (2). The Hatinh langur is now considered to be a subspecies of the Indochinese black langur (T. laotum) and Wulsin's black langur is merely a colour morph of T. l. hatinhensis (2).
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Threats ( Inglês )

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Populations of Francois' langurs have diminished as a result of major changes in land use. In particular, an increase in agricultural land and logging for both timber and fuel wood has reduced the area available to this species. It has also been extensively hunted for food and for use in traditional “medicinal” preparations. Part of the range of Francois' langur was heavily bombed during the Vietnam War, killing individuals as well as damaging and defoliated their habitat (2) (8).
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Langur de François ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

El langur de François (Trachypithecus francoisi) és una espècie de primat de la família dels cercopitècids. És originari del sud de la Xina i el nord-est del Vietnam. El seu hàbitat natural són els boscos càrstics tropicals i subtropicals, on es refugia a coves i sortints rocosos. Està amenaçat per la caça i la destrucció del seu hàbitat per l'activitat minera i l'extracció d'altres recursos.[1]

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Langur de François Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
  1. Bleisch, B., Manh Ha, N., Khat Quyet, L. i Yongcheng, L.. Trachypithecus francoisi. UICN 2008. Llista Vermella d'espècies amenaçades de la UICN, edició 2008, consultada el 4 gener 2009.


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Langur de François: Brief Summary ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

El langur de François (Trachypithecus francoisi) és una espècie de primat de la família dels cercopitècids. És originari del sud de la Xina i el nord-est del Vietnam. El seu hàbitat natural són els boscos càrstics tropicals i subtropicals, on es refugia a coves i sortints rocosos. Està amenaçat per la caça i la destrucció del seu hàbitat per l'activitat minera i l'extracció d'altres recursos.

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Tonkin-Schwarzlangur ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Der Tonkin-Schwarzlangur oder Francois-Langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Schlankaffen (Presbytini). Benannt wurden sie nach Auguste François (1857–1935), der als französischer Konsul in Longzhou (Guangxi) als erster westlicher Mensch diese Tiere beobachtete.

Merkmale

Tonkin-Schwarzlanguren sind schlanke, langschwänzige Primaten. Sie erreichen eine Kopfrumpflänge von 47 bis 64 Zentimetern und eine Schwanzlänge von 74 bis 96 Zentimetern. Männchen werden mit 6,5 bis 7,2 Kilogramm Gewicht schwerer als Weibchen, die 5,5 bis 6 Kilogramm auf die Waage bringen. Ihr Fell ist überwiegend schwarz gefärbt, von den Mundwinkeln bis zu den Ohren erstreckt sich ein weißer Streifen. Auffällig ist der lange Haarschopf an der Oberseite des Kopfes. Die Hände und Füße sind schlank und die Daumen sehr klein.

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet des Tonkin-Schwarzlanguren

Tonkin-Schwarzlanguren sind im südlichen China (Provinzen Guangxi und Guizhou) sowie im nördlichen Vietnam (in der namensgebenden Region Tonkin) beheimatet. Ihr Lebensraum sind mit Regen- oder Monsunwäldern bestandene Karstgebiete. Das Verbreitungsgebiet ist in Vietnam stark fragmentiert und umfasst Teile der Provinzen Bắc Kạ, Cao Bằng, Hà Giang, Thái Nguyên und Tuyên Quang.

Lebensweise und Ernährung

Tonkin-Schwarzlanguren sind wie alle Altweltaffen tagaktiv, zur Nachtruhe ziehen sie sich insbesondere bei Schlechtwetter häufig in schwer zugängliche Karsthöhlen zurück. Tagsüber halten sie sich vorwiegend in den Bäumen auf, wo sie sich auf allen vieren fortbewegen. Sie leben in Gruppen von 4 bis 27 (üblicherweise rund ein Dutzend) Tieren, die sich aus einem Männchen, mehreren Weibchen und Jungtieren zusammensetzen. Die Weibchen etablieren eine Rangordnung, die unter anderem im Zugang zu Nahrungsquellen und in der gegenseitigen Fellpflege zum Ausdruck kommt.

Diese Primaten sind Pflanzenfresser, die vorwiegend Blätter zu sich nehmen. Daneben verzehren sie Früchte, Blüten und Knospen. Wie alle Schlankaffen haben sie einen mehrkammerigen Magen zur besseren Verwertung der Pflanzennahrung.

Fortpflanzung

Nach einer rund sechs- bis siebenmonatigen Tragzeit kommt in der Regel ein einzelnes Jungtier zur Welt. Dieses ist wie bei allen Haubenlanguren orange gefärbt und wiegt rund 0,5 Kilogramm. Nicht nur die Mutter, sondern auch die anderen Weibchen der Gruppe kümmern sich um das Jungtier. Sie reichen es herum, spielen mit ihm und tragen es. Bei Eintreten der Geschlechtsreife – mit 4 bis 5 Jahren – müssen die Männchen ihre Geburtsgruppe verlassen.

Bedrohung

Die Hauptbedrohung der Tonkin-Languren stellt der Verlust ihres Lebensraums durch Waldrodungen dar, in geringerem Ausmaß auch die Bejagung. In Vietnam wurde ihr Verbreitungsgebiet durch Bombardements und den Einsatz von Entlaubungsmitteln im Vietnamkrieg stark in Mitleidenschaft gezogen. In Vietnam dürfte die Gesamtpopulation nicht mehr als 500 Tiere betragen, in China wurde die Anzahl 2003 auf 1400 bis 1650 Tiere geschätzt. Insgesamt wird die Art von der IUCN als „stark gefährdet“ (endangered) gelistet.

Systematik

Der Tonkin-Schwarzlangur bildet mit einigen weiteren Arten innerhalb der Gattung der Haubenlanguren die francoisi-Gruppe, deren Vertreter alle durch ein vorwiegend schwarzes Fell gekennzeichnet sind und hauptsächlich auf der Indochinesischen Halbinsel leben. Die weiteren Arten der francoisi-Gruppe sind der Delacour-Schwarzlangur (T. delacouri), der Indochinesische Schwarzlangur (T. ebenus), der Hatinh-Langur (T. hatinhensis), der Südliche Schwarzlangur (T. laotum), der Weißkopflangur (T. leucocephalus) und der Cat-Ba-Langur (T. poliocephalus). Einige dieser Arten werden manchmal als Unterarten des Tonkin-Schwarzlanguren betrachtet.

Literatur

Weblinks

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Tonkin-Schwarzlangur: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Der Tonkin-Schwarzlangur oder Francois-Langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Schlankaffen (Presbytini). Benannt wurden sie nach Auguste François (1857–1935), der als französischer Konsul in Longzhou (Guangxi) als erster westlicher Mensch diese Tiere beobachtete.

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Gaeng ( Zhuang; Chuang )

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Gaeng

Gaeng dwg cungj doenghduz nyamhcij ndeu.

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François' langur ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

François' langur (Trachypithecus francoisi), also known as Francois' leaf monkey, the Tonkin leaf monkey, or the white side-burned black langur[3] is a species of lutung and the type species of its species group. It is one of the least studied of the species belonging to the Colobinae subfamily.[4]

The species is distributed from Southwestern China to northeastern Vietnam. The total number of wild individuals is unknown, but fewer than 500 are believed to be left in Vietnam and 1,400–1,650 in China.[2] About 60 langurs are in captivity in North American zoos. The species is named after Auguste François (1857–1935), who was the French Consul at Lungchow in southern China.[5]

Physical description

François' langur is a medium-sized primate with black, silky hair. It has very distinct white sideburns that grow down from its ears to the corners of its cheeks.[3] A morphological specialization of François' langur is its complex stomach, made up of four separate chambers. This is a necessary adaptation for the digestion of its folivorous diet.[4]

This species shows sexual dimorphism in its size. Males have a head-body length of 55–64 cm (22–25 in), while females are only 47–59 cm (19–23 in) in length. Males likewise have longer tails of 82–96 cm (32–38 in) compared to the 74–89 cm (29–35 in) for females. Males are significantly heavier than females, weighing 6.5–7.2 kg (14–16 lb) compared to 5.5–5.9 kg (12–13 lb) for females. Infants weigh 0.45–0.50 kg (16–18 oz) at birth.[3]

Infants are born with bright orange coloured fur, which fades to black throughout the period of infancy lasting several months. It is not known why their coats are so conspicuous, but current hypotheses suggest it may elicit attention, protection and caregiving by adults.[6]

François' langur has large salivary glands to begin the digestion of tough leaf fibers. A more notable evolutionary adaptation seen in this langur is the sacculated stomach with two chambers. In the upper chamber, bacteria help to continue the breakdown of fibers started by the saliva. The upper chamber has a relatively normal pH, to create favorable conditions for bacterial growth. The lower chamber is similar to that of other mammals, in that it contains the acids that finish the breakdown of food components.[3]

Behavior

T. francoisi relaxing on a stump at the Los Angeles Zoo

François' langur is diurnal and spends most of the day resting and foraging.[7] One study investigated time distribution across activities in a disturbed environment, showing resting 35.41%, foraging 31.67%, traveling 14.44%, huddling 9.61%, playing 8.54%, and grooming 0.33%.[7] Traveling, playing, grooming and huddling are more dependent on the season.[8] Grooming has been found to occur in all seasons but spring.[7] François' langur spends a greater part of its day travelling during the winter (20.12%) and huddling in the spring (14.62%).[8]

François' langur lives in groups of 4 to 27 langurs, but will usually be found in groups around 12.[3][9] It lives in a matriarchal society where the females lead the group. Within the society, the females share parenting responsibilities with one another, and are philopatric to the group.[9] Males within the group take no part in the raising of the young, and the young males leave the group before reaching sexual maturity.[9] Young langurs are nursed up to two years before being weaned, and once weaned, the relationship amongst the relatives becomes that of any other member of a given group.[3]

Over 50% of François' langur's diet is made up of leaves. It also consumes fruits (17.2%), seeds (14.2%), flowers, stems, roots, bark, and occasionally minerals and insects from rock surfaces and cliffs. This langur consumes its favorite food, young leaves, at the highest rate during the dry season, April through September; between October and March when young leaves are less common, the langur supplements its diet with seeds, petioles, and stems.[4]

François' langur is selective in its diet, in Nonggang Nature Reserve, China, it primarily eats the young leaves of 10 different species of plants, only two of which are common within the reserve. Its diet includes Pithecellobium clypearia, Ficus nervosa, Garcinia pauncinervis, Sinosideroxylon pedunculatum, F. microcarpa, Miliusa chunni, Securidaca inappendiculata, Bauhinia sp., and Canthium dicoccum. Though these are the preferred plant species, it still consumes other plant species opportunistically.[4] Another study on François' langur in a fragmented habitat found that it preferred on just four plant species: litse, Litsea glutinosa; seatung, Pittosporum glabratum; Cipadessa cinerascens; and Chinese desmos, Desmos chinensis. The study showed that the langur spent 61.6% of its feeding time on these four plant species, and 38.4% of its time on 36 other known species.[10]

Habitat and distribution

The preferred habitat of François' langur is a karst topography; limestone cliffs and caves of tropical and subtropical zones.[11] By living on these limestone cliffs, the langur is at an advantage when it comes to sleeping arrangements. It sleeps either on ledges or in caves, with its preference being in the cave.[12] François' langur has also been known to find sleeping sites in areas where the terrain is above 60 °F (16 °C), within evergreen forests.[13] By living and sleeping in these limestone caves and cliffs, far from flat land, the langur has greatly reduced its rate of predation.[13] It exhibits cryptic behavior and becomes very vigilant upon entry to the cave for final resting as a tactic to avoid any predators.[12] In addition, it demonstrates a loud call to declare its territorial spacing.[14] François' langur also chooses its sleeping habitat depending upon foraging availability. It chooses sleeping sites that are close to potential foraging sites, to conserve energy and reduce travel costs.[13] Sleeping sites are not located in the heart of foraging sites, but are within reasonable proximity, as the preferred nesting and foraging sites do not completely line up with one another.[13] When it does go to forage, it tends to travel along the same route and returns to the same sleeping site consecutive nights to avoid predation.[12] François' langur has been known to have approximately 6–10 regularly used sleeping sites that are used at various points throughout the year as water and food resources fluctuate.[13]

François' langur has a restricted range of areas in which it can inhabit. It is primarily found in Southwest China and northern Vietnam. The majority of scientific studies of François' langur in the wild take place in the Nonggang Nature Reserve and the Fusui Nature Reserve in Guangxi Province, China.[9] The average home range size of this species is 19 hectares (230,000 sq yd) and its day range size is 341–577 square metres (3,670–6,210 sq ft).[9] In general, the low quality of its folivorous diet leads to nutritional stress, a smaller home range size and reduced daily travel time. The largest group of langurs reported numbered 500–600 individuals, and was found in the Mayanghe National Nature Reserve.[7] The average group size ranges from four to 27.[3] The Fusui Nature Reserve reported in 2009 that François' langur population had declined 73% in the previous five years, thus lessening their distribution even more.[9] Recent census numbers have concluded it is now limited to 14 localities in 10 different counties.[10]

Conservation status

François' langur at the San Antonio Zoo and Aquarium

The population of François' langur has been on a steady decline for the past 30 years. Of the many factors threatening their survival today, hunting has had one of the largest impacts.[11] In Nonggang, where it is most prevalent, the natives believe that the langur has medicinal values, and have hunted them to make wine out of their bones, which they believe could cure fatigue and rheumatism.[11] In Guangxi province, an estimated 90% decline in numbers has occurred since the 1980s; a 2002–2003 survey found 307 individuals in 14 populations remained.[11] In 1983, the estimated population of François' langur was 4,000–5,000. In the 1970s, hunting records recorded more than 1,400 langurs killed and in the 1980s more than 1,500 were killed.

Another threat to François' langur is the destruction of its habitat. The langur lives on limestone cliffs, and when farmers look to cultivate their land, they light fires on the lower slopes.[3] Limestone is particularly susceptible to fire; therefore, this practice not only destroys its habitats, but also causes major food shortages for the langur because its diet is primarily foliage.[11] The primary predators of François' langur are both terrestrial and aerial.[12] The clouded leopard is a potential predator, but its numbers are low enough that it is not the langur's greatest threat. Aerial predators such as the crested serpent eagle and the mountain hawk-eagle are a greater threat to François' langurs of Nonggang, especially to their young.[12]

Despite the extreme and continuing decline in the Francois' langur population, the actions being taken towards the conservation of this species and its habitat are still somewhat minimal. Its current population size is less than 2,500 individuals.[11] A plan to protect the forest and ban hunting, called the Conservation Action Plan, was drafted in 1996, but has yet to be implemented. To protect the langur, not only does protection from hunting need to be implemented, but its habitats must be protected as well.[3] In 2003, the National Forestry Bureau acknowledged the rapid decline in François' langur and agreed to increase law enforcement in this area to help protect them from hunters.[11] In addition, the Asia Developmental Bank has begun helping the residents who live in close proximity to langur habitats build biogas facilities to reduce the fuel wood collection, thus possibly reducing the number of fires.[11] Finally, a current project is underway by the Global Environmental facility to protect the Nonggang National and Dmingshan Natural Reserves and the langurs living within.[11]

References

  1. ^ Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ a b Nadler, T.; Quyet, L.K.; Covert, H.; Yongcheng, L. (2020). "Trachypithecus francoisi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39853A17958817. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T39853A17958817.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Arkive – Francois Langur". Arkive.org. Archived from the original on 2012-01-26. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
  4. ^ a b c d Zhou, Qihai; Fuwen, W.; Li, M.; Chengming, H.; Luo, B. (2006). "Diet and food choice of (Trachypithecus francoisi) in the Nonggang Nature Reserve, China". International Journal of Primatology. 27 (5): 1441–1458. doi:10.1007/s10764-006-9082-8. S2CID 44640507.
  5. ^ The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals – Page 141 Bo Beolens, Michael Watkins, Michael Grayson – 2009 "François' Leaf Monkey Trachypithecus francoisi Pousargues, 1898 [Alt. François' Langur] Auguste François (1857–1935) was the French Consul at Lungchow in southern China, where he was the first person to bring this monkey to the ..."
  6. ^ Booth, Carey, L. (1990). "Evolutionary significance of ontogenetic colour change in animals". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 40 (2): 125–163. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1990.tb01973.x.
  7. ^ a b c d Yang, Lou; Minghai, Z.; Jianzhang, M.; Ankang, W.; Shusen, Z. (2007). "Time budget of daily activity of Francois' langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) in disturbance habitat". Acta Ecologica Sinica. 27 (5): 1715–1722. doi:10.1016/S1872-2032(07)60043-2.
  8. ^ a b Zhou, Qihai; Wei, F.; Chengming, H.; Li, M.; Ren, B.; Luo, B. (2007b). "Seasonal Variation in the Activity Patterns and Time Budgets of Trachypithecus francoisi in the Nonggang Nature Reserve, China". International Journal of Primatology. 28 (3): 657–671. doi:10.1007/s10764-007-9144-6. S2CID 23278821.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Zhou, Qihai; Chengming, H.; Li, Y.; Cai, X. (2007a). "Ranging behavior of the Francois langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) in the Fusui nature Reserve, China". Primates. 48 (4): 320–323. doi:10.1007/s10329-006-0027-9. PMID 17171396. S2CID 6040944.
  10. ^ a b Youbang, L; Ping D; Pingping J; Wood C; Chengming H (June 2009). "Dietary response of a group of Francois' langur Trachypithecus francoisi in a fragmented habitat in the county of Fusui, China". Wildlife Biology. 2. 15 (2): 137–146. doi:10.2981/08-006. S2CID 83948285.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i Li, Youbang; Huang, C.; Ding, P.; Tang, Z. & Wood (2007). "Dramatic decline in Francois' langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) in Guangxi Province, China". Oryx. 41: 38–43. doi:10.1017/S0030605307001500.
  12. ^ a b c d e Zhou, Qihai; Chengming, H.; Ming, L.; Fuwen, W. (2009). "Sleeping site use by Trachypithecus francoisi at Nonggang Nature Reserve China". International Journal of Primatology. 30 (2): 353–365. doi:10.1007/s10764-009-9348-z. S2CID 26192567.
  13. ^ a b c d e Shuangling, Wang; Yang Luo; Guofa Cui (2011). "Sleeping site selection of Francois's langur in two habitats in Mayanghe National Nature Reserve, Guizhou, China". Primates. 51 (1): 51–60. doi:10.1007/s10329-010-0218-2. PMID 20852927. S2CID 21405146.
  14. ^ Li, Zhaoyuan; E. Rogers (1993). "Time budgets of Presbytis leucocephalus". Acta Theriol Sin. 12: 7–13.

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François' langur: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

François' langur (Trachypithecus francoisi), also known as Francois' leaf monkey, the Tonkin leaf monkey, or the white side-burned black langur is a species of lutung and the type species of its species group. It is one of the least studied of the species belonging to the Colobinae subfamily.

The species is distributed from Southwestern China to northeastern Vietnam. The total number of wild individuals is unknown, but fewer than 500 are believed to be left in Vietnam and 1,400–1,650 in China. About 60 langurs are in captivity in North American zoos. The species is named after Auguste François (1857–1935), who was the French Consul at Lungchow in southern China.

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Trachypithecus francoisi ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

El langur o lutung de Francois (Trachypithecus francoisi) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae; es la especie tipo del género. Se distribuye desde el sudoeste de China hasta el noreste de Vietnam.

El número total de individuos es desconocido, aunque se cree que hay menos de 500 en Vietnam, y 1.400-1650 en China. Es difícil determinar el número de individuos, ya que su población está bien distribuida, pero fragmentada y aislada entre sí. Casi ninguna población de monos tiene más de 50 individuos.(IUCN, 2008) .[2]

Hay cerca de 60 langures de esta especie en cautiverio en zoológicos de Estados Unidos. En el zoológico Mesker Park en Evansville, Indiana logró reproducir exitosamente este mono. El zoológico recibió dos hembras, Liang y Sai, en noviembre de 2003. Cada una dio a luz en agosto de 2006. El padre venía del zoológico de Cincinnati en diciembre de 2005. En febrero de 2008 Liang dio a luz una hembra.[3]

Galería

Referencias

  1. Bleisch, B., Manh Ha, N., Khat Quyet, L. & Yongcheng, L. (2008). «Trachypithecus francoisi». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2008 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 7 de agosto de 2010.
  2. Eudey, A. & Members of the Primate Specialist Group (2000). «Trachypithecus francoisi». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2006 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 17 de abril de 2007.
  3. «New Zoo Arrival». Evansville Courier & Press. Archivado desde el original el 6 de junio de 2011. Consultado el 14 de octubre de 2008.

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Trachypithecus francoisi: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

El langur o lutung de Francois (Trachypithecus francoisi) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae; es la especie tipo del género. Se distribuye desde el sudoeste de China hasta el noreste de Vietnam.

El número total de individuos es desconocido, aunque se cree que hay menos de 500 en Vietnam, y 1.400-1650 en China. Es difícil determinar el número de individuos, ya que su población está bien distribuida, pero fragmentada y aislada entre sí. Casi ninguna población de monos tiene más de 50 individuos.(IUCN, 2008) .​

Hay cerca de 60 langures de esta especie en cautiverio en zoológicos de Estados Unidos. En el zoológico Mesker Park en Evansville, Indiana logró reproducir exitosamente este mono. El zoológico recibió dos hembras, Liang y Sai, en noviembre de 2003. Cada una dio a luz en agosto de 2006. El padre venía del zoológico de Cincinnati en diciembre de 2005. En febrero de 2008 Liang dio a luz una hembra.​

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Trachypithecus francoisi ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Trachypithecus francoisi Trachypithecus Asiako Colobinae primateetako espezie bat da. Azpifamilia honetako kideen artean ikerketa gutxien izan duena da[1].

Txinako hegomendebaldean eta Vietnameko ipar-ekialdean bizi dira. Zenbat kide bizi diren modu basatian ez da ezagutzen, baina uste denez Vietnamen 500 kide baino gutxiago eta Txinan 1.400-1.650 inguru baino ez dira geratzen. Ipar Amerikako zoologikoetan beste 60 bat kide daude[2].

Espeziearen izena Auguste Françoisen omenezkoa da.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez) Zhou, Qihai; Wei, Fuwen; Li, Ming; Huang, Chengming; Luo, Bang (2006-10-01) «Diet and Food Choice of Trachypithecus francoisi in the Nonggang Nature Reserve, China» International Journal of Primatology (5): 1441–1460 doi:10.1007/s10764-006-9082-8 ISSN 0164-0291 . Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-05-02.
  2. Trachypithecus francoisi (Francois's Langur, François’s Langur, François's Leaf Monkey, Tonkin Langur, , Tonkin Leaf Monkey) . Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-05-02.

Kanpo estekak

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Trachypithecus francoisi: Brief Summary ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Trachypithecus francoisi Trachypithecus Asiako Colobinae primateetako espezie bat da. Azpifamilia honetako kideen artean ikerketa gutxien izan duena da.

Txinako hegomendebaldean eta Vietnameko ipar-ekialdean bizi dira. Zenbat kide bizi diren modu basatian ez da ezagutzen, baina uste denez Vietnamen 500 kide baino gutxiago eta Txinan 1.400-1.650 inguru baino ez dira geratzen. Ipar Amerikako zoologikoetan beste 60 bat kide daude.

Espeziearen izena Auguste Françoisen omenezkoa da.

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Kiinanlanguri ( Finlandês )

fornecido por wikipedia FI

Kiinanlanguri (Trachypithecus francoisi) on uhanalainen häntäapina, jota tavataan vain pienellä alueella Etelä-Kiinassa ja Luoteis-Vietnamissa. Muiden langurien tapaan se syö enimmäkseen lehtiä, jonkin verran myös muita kasvien osia. Se tulee lisääntymisikään neljä- tai viisivuotiaana.[1]

Lähteet

  1. a b Bleisch, B., Manh Ha, N., Khat Quyet, L. & Yongcheng, L.: Trachypithecus francoisi IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 5.7.2014. (englanniksi)
Tämä nisäkkäisiin liittyvä artikkeli on tynkä. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa laajentamalla artikkelia.
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Kiinanlanguri: Brief Summary ( Finlandês )

fornecido por wikipedia FI

Kiinanlanguri (Trachypithecus francoisi) on uhanalainen häntäapina, jota tavataan vain pienellä alueella Etelä-Kiinassa ja Luoteis-Vietnamissa. Muiden langurien tapaan se syö enimmäkseen lehtiä, jonkin verran myös muita kasvien osia. Se tulee lisääntymisikään neljä- tai viisivuotiaana.

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Trachypithecus francoisi ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Langur de François

Le Semnopithèque de François ou Langur de François (Trachypithecus francoisi) est une espèce de singes appartenant à la famille des Cercopithecidae.

Dénominations

Il doit son nom « Langur de François » au diplomate et photographe français Auguste François et à la ville de Longzhou en Chine où il était en poste à la fin du XIXe siècle.

Les anglophones le nomment François' langur ou François' leaf monkey, les germanophones Tonkin-Languren et les sinophones 黑叶猴[1].

Caractéristiques

 src=
Semnopithèque de François et son petit.

Les mâles, avec une longueur moyenne de corps de 57 cm, sont légèrement plus grands que les femelles, qui atteignent en moyenne 55 cm ; la queue mesure environ 85 cm. Les singes adultes pèsent 5,9 kg.

La couleur de la robe varie du brun uniforme au noir ou au gris foncé. Une bande blanche s'étend du coin de la bouche jusqu'aux oreilles. Les poils de la tête sont légèrement inclinés vers l'avant. Les petits sont de couleur jaune d'or avec une queue noire, ce qui les différencie du Langur à capuchon (Trachypithecus pileatus) .

La tête est relativement petite, la queue est longue, droite et noire avec une pointe blanche. Les pattes avant sont beaucoup plus courtes que les pattes arrière, les mains et les pieds sont sans poils, ce qui leur permet de saisir les branches et les brindilles de manière sûre et puissante. Les pouces sont bien développés, opposables et beaucoup plus courts que les pouces du genre Pileatus[2].

Écologie et comportement

La structure sociale avec des groupes composés d'un seul mâle s'accouplant avec toutes les femelles est plutôt l'exception dans le genre Trachypithecus, où prédominent davantage de groupes masculins. Les jeunes mâles formeraient des groupes, puis s'attaqueraient aux mâles dominants pour tenter de prendre leur place[2].

Habitat et répartition

L'habitat préféré des langurs de François est une topographie karstique avec falaises calcaires et grottes de zones tropicales et subtropicales[3]. En vivant sur ces falaises de calcaire, le langur trouve des avantages pour le couchage, ainsi il réduit considérablement son taux de prédation[4]. Ils dorment soit sur des corniches ou dans des grottes ce qu'ils préfèrent[5]. Les langurs de François sont également connus pour trouver dans les forêts à feuilles persistantes des aires de sommeil dans les zones où le terrain est au-dessus de 16 °C[4]. Ils présentent un comportement cryptique, discrets et se camouflant, et sont très vigilants à l'entrée de la grotte pour le repos[5]. En outre, ils lancent un fort appel pour déclarer leur espace territorial[6]. Ils choisissent des sites de couchage proches des sites d'alimentation potentiels, afin de conserver leur énergie et de réduire leurs déplacements[4]. Les sites de couchage ne sont pas situés au cœur des sites d'alimentation, mais sont à une distance raisonnable, car les sites de nidification et d'alimentation préférés ne s'alignent pas complètement les uns avec les autres[4]. Quand ils vont à la recherche de nourriture, ils ont tendance à voyager le long de la même route et retournent au même site de sommeil des nuits consécutives pour éviter la prédation. Les langurs de François sont connus pour avoir environ 6 à 10 sites de sommeil régulièrement utilisés à divers moments de l'année en raison des fluctuations des ressources en eau et en nourriture[4].

Les langurs de François ont une gamme restreinte de zones dans lesquelles ils peuvent habiter. Ils sont trouvés principalement dans le sud-ouest de la Chine et le nord du Vietnam. La majorité des études scientifiques sur le langur de François dans la nature ont lieu dans la réserve naturelle de Nonggang et la réserve naturelle de Fusui dans la province du Guangxi, en Chine[7]. La taille moyenne du domaine vital de cette espèce est 19 hectares et la taille de son domaine de jour est de 341 à 577 m2[7]. En général, la faible qualité de son régime phyllophage entraîne un stress nutritionnel, une taille de domaine vital plus petite et un temps de trajet quotidien réduit. Le plus grand groupe de langurs de François signalé comptait de 500 à 600 individus et a été trouvé dans la réserve naturelle nationale de Mayanghe en Chine dans la province de Guizhou[8]. La taille moyenne des groupes varie de 4 à 27 individus[9]. La réserve naturelle de Fusui a rapporté en 2009 que la population de langur de François avait diminué de 73 % au cours des cinq années précédentes, réduisant ainsi encore plus sa répartition[7].

Classification

Ce primate est signalé pour la première fois par Auguste François, qui les observe sur des falaises le long de la rivière Longkiang. Il mentionne « des nuées de petits singes noirs à longue queue et à tête noire ». L'espèce est décrite pour la première fois en 1898 par Eugène de Pousargues (1856-1901) qui a capturé des spécimens à Longzhou, dans le sud de la province du Guangxi[2].

Menaces et conservation

Seuls cinq spécimens sont nés en captivité, dont quatre en Europe. La cinquième naissance intervient en mars 2020 en France, dans le jardin zoologique du muséum de Besançon[10].

Notes et références

  1. (en) Bo Beolens, Michael Watkins et Michael Grayson, The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University, 2009, 574 p. (ISBN 978-0-8018-9304-9, lire en ligne).
  2. a b et c (de) « Tonkin-Langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) - biologie-seite.de », sur www.biologie-seite.de (consulté le 28 avril 2020).
  3. (en)Youbang Li, C. Huang, P. Ding, Z Tang, Wood, Dramatic decline in Francois' langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) in Guangxi Province, China, Oryx., 2007, vol. 41, p. 38–43. .
  4. a b c d et e (en) Wang Shuangling, Luo Yang Cui Guofa, Sleeping site selection of Francois's langur in two habitats in Mayanghe National Nature Reserve, Guizhou, China, Primates, 2011, vol. 51, p. 51–60. .
  5. a et b (en) Qihai Zhou, H. Chengming, L. Ming, W. Fuwen, Sleeping site use by Trachypithecus francoisi at Nonggang Nature Reserve China, International Journal of Primatology, 2009, vol. 30(2), p. 353–365. .
  6. (en) Zhaoyuan Li, E. Rogers, Time budgets of Presbytis leucocephalus, Acta Theriol. Sin., 1993, vol. 12; p. 7–13.
  7. a b et c (en) Qihai Zhou, H. Chengming, Y. Li, X. Cai, Ranging behavior of the Francois langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) in the Fusui nature Reserve, China, Primates, 2007, vol. 48(4), p. 320–323. , PMID 7171396.
  8. (en) Lou Yang, Z. Minghai, M. Jianzhang, W. Ankang, Z. Shusen, Time budget of daily activity of Francois' langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) in disturbance habitat, Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2007, vol. 27(5), p. 1715–1722. .
  9. « Arkive - Francois Langur » sur Arkive.org, archivé de l'original le 26 janvier 2012.
  10. « Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. Une naissance rarissime à la Citadelle de Besançon », sur bienpublic.com, 27 avril 2020.

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Trachypithecus francoisi: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Langur de François

Le Semnopithèque de François ou Langur de François (Trachypithecus francoisi) est une espèce de singes appartenant à la famille des Cercopithecidae.

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Moncaí duillí François ( Irlandês )

fornecido por wikipedia GA

Is ainmhí é an moncaí duillí François. Mamach atá ann.


Ainmhí
Is síol ainmhí é an t-alt seo. Cuir leis, chun cuidiú leis an Vicipéid.
Má tá alt níos forbartha le fáil i dteanga eile, is féidir leat aistriúchán Gaeilge a dhéanamh.


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Trachypithecus francoisi ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Il presbite di Francois (Trachypithecus francoisi) è un primate catarrino della famiglia dei Cercopithecidae; in particolare, appartiene alla sottofamiglia dei Colobinae ed alla tribù dei Presbytini, nell'ambito della quale costituisce la specie tipo del genere Trachypithecus.

Distribuzione

È diffuso nel Vietnam settentrionale, nel Laos centrale ed in Cina meridionale (provincie di Guangxi e Guizhou). Abita le aree di foresta pluviale monsonica.

Descrizione

Dimensioni

Misurano circa un metro e mezzo di lunghezza, con la coda di 30 cm più lunga del corpo, per un peso di 6-7 kg.

Aspetto

La corporatura è slanciata, con mani allungate dal pollice ridottissimo. Il pelo è di colore prevalentemente nero: dagli angoli della bocca partono due strisce bianche che corrono sulle guance fino alle orecchie. Al centro della calotta cranica si erge una cresta che ricorda quella dei punk.

Biologia

Si tratta di animali diurni ed arboricoli, che nelle ore più calde della giornata, così come di notte od in caso di maltempo, cercano rifugio nel folto della vegetazione. Vivono in gruppi che contano una dozzina d'individui, composti da un singolo maschio e numerose femmine e cuccioli. Le femmine stabiliscono fra loro precise gerarchie che si traducono nella priorità o meno nell'accesso alle fonti di cibo e nel dover dare o ricevere il grooming.

Alimentazione

Si tratta di animali prevalentemente folivori, che non disdegnano di nutrirsi gni tanto anche di frutta, fiori e boccioli: come tutti i colobi, hanno uno stomaco compartimentato per far fronte alla propria peculiare dieta, così povera di energie.

Riproduzione

La gestazione dura circa sei mesi, al termine dei quali viene dato alla luce un unico cucciolo che è di colore aranciato. Oltre alla madre, anche le altre femmine del gruppo si prendono cura del cucciolo, ad esempio quando la genitrice è occupata a nutrirsi. Col raggiungimento della maturità sessuale, i giovani si allontanano dal gruppo natio: i maschi tendono a formare bande di scapoli, in attesa di divenire abbastanza grandi e forti da poter competere coi maschi adulti per il possesso di un proprio gruppo, mentre le femmine entrano a far parte di altri gruppi, per evitare episodi di incesto.

Note

  1. ^ Scheda in (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  2. ^ (EN) Eudey, A. & Members of the Primate Specialist Group (2000), Trachypithecus francoisi, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.

http://www.cutebreak.com/?s=elke&submit.x=0&submit.y=0&submit=Submit+now Archiviato l'8 luglio 2011 in Internet Archive.

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Trachypithecus francoisi: Brief Summary ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Il presbite di Francois (Trachypithecus francoisi) è un primate catarrino della famiglia dei Cercopithecidae; in particolare, appartiene alla sottofamiglia dei Colobinae ed alla tribù dei Presbytini, nell'ambito della quale costituisce la specie tipo del genere Trachypithecus.

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Tonkinlangoer ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

De tonkinlangoer (Trachypithecus francoisi), ook wel Françoislangoer genoemd[bron?], is een zoogdier uit de familie van de apen van de Oude Wereld (Cercopithecidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Pousargues in 1898.

Verspreiding

De tonkinlangoer komt voor in Zuidwest-China en Noord-Vietnam.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Geplaatst op:
07-08-2012
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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Tonkinlangoer: Brief Summary ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

De tonkinlangoer (Trachypithecus francoisi), ook wel Françoislangoer genoemd[bron?], is een zoogdier uit de familie van de apen van de Oude Wereld (Cercopithecidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Pousargues in 1898.

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Trachypithecus francoisi ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

O Langur-de-françois (Trachypithecus francoisi), também conhecido como macaco-folha-de-françois é uma das 17 espécies de Trachypithecus.[1][2]

É uma das espécies mais raras de macacos do mundo, estima-se que haja apenas 3000 espécimes a viver em estado selvagem.

Os espécimes em idade adulta tem o seu pelo de cor preta, os bebés de são inteiramente cor-de-laranja, considerando os especialistas que o contraste se deve para os progenitores facilmente identificarem as crias na floresta.

Com uma esperança média de vida de 25 anos em estado selvagem, podem chegar a ter até 60 centímetros de altura e pesar quase oito quilos. Constituindo-se em haréns — grupos de animais compostos por um ou dois machos, várias fêmeas e outras tantas crias —, são uma espécie social onde a responsabilidade do cuidado dos novos elementos do grupo é partilhada.

Apenas encontrada nas florestas tropicais a sul da província de Guangxi na China, no norte do Vietname e na zona central do Laos, o facto de viver exclusivamente em árvores tem feito desta espécie uma das mais afetadas pelo desflorestamento. Para além disso, estes macacos também são procurados por caçadores furtivos, já que algumas das suas partes do corpo são usadas para medicinas tradicionais da região[3].

Referências

  1. a b «Trachypithecus francoisi na lista vermelha da IUCN» (em inglês). Lista vermelha da IUCN. Consultado em 15 de setembro de 2012
  2. Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (eds.), ed. Mammal Species of the World 3 ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 111–184. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494
  3. «Pertencente a uma espécie ameaçada de extinção, macaco "incrivelmente raro" nasce em jardim zoológico da Austrália»
 title=
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Trachypithecus francoisi: Brief Summary ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

O Langur-de-françois (Trachypithecus francoisi), também conhecido como macaco-folha-de-françois é uma das 17 espécies de Trachypithecus.

É uma das espécies mais raras de macacos do mundo, estima-se que haja apenas 3000 espécimes a viver em estado selvagem.

Os espécimes em idade adulta tem o seu pelo de cor preta, os bebés de são inteiramente cor-de-laranja, considerando os especialistas que o contraste se deve para os progenitores facilmente identificarem as crias na floresta.

Com uma esperança média de vida de 25 anos em estado selvagem, podem chegar a ter até 60 centímetros de altura e pesar quase oito quilos. Constituindo-se em haréns — grupos de animais compostos por um ou dois machos, várias fêmeas e outras tantas crias —, são uma espécie social onde a responsabilidade do cuidado dos novos elementos do grupo é partilhada.

Apenas encontrada nas florestas tropicais a sul da província de Guangxi na China, no norte do Vietname e na zona central do Laos, o facto de viver exclusivamente em árvores tem feito desta espécie uma das mais afetadas pelo desflorestamento. Para além disso, estes macacos também são procurados por caçadores furtivos, já que algumas das suas partes do corpo são usadas para medicinas tradicionais da região.

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Trachypithecus francoisi ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV


Trachypithecus francoisi[2][3][4] är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Eugene de Pousargues 1898. Trachypithecus francoisi ingår i släktet Trachypithecus och familjen markattartade apor.[5][6] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som starkt hotad.[1] Inga underarter finns listade.[5] Det svenska trivialnamnet Francois bladapa förekommer för arten.[7]

Utseende

Denna primat har en svart päls. Det finns bara vita strimmor från mungiporna till öronen. Håren på huvudets topp är uppåtriktade liksom en tofs. Hanar är med en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) av 55 till 64 cm, en svanslängd av 82 till 96 cm och en vikt av 6,5 till 7,2 kg större än honor. De senare blir 47 till 59 cm lång (huvud och bål), har en 74 till 89 cm lång svans och är 5,5 till 5,9 kg tung. Arten har ganska smala händer och fötter. Ungar föds med blek orange päls och de väger vid födelsen cirka 0,5 kg. Liksom hos andra arter av samma släkte är magsäcken uppdelat i flera kamrar.[8][9]

Utbredning och habitat

Trachypithecus francoisi förekommer i södra Kina och i norra Vietnam. Arten vistas i låglandet och i låga bergstrakter (upp till 1500 meter över havet) som ofta bildas av karstklippor. Habitatet utgörs av fuktiga skogar.[1]

Ekologi

Individerna äter främst blad som kompletteras med blommor, frukter, bark och unga växtskott. De vilar ofta i grottor. Honor kan para sig vartannat år och per kull föds allmänt ett enda ungdjur.[1]

En hane, flera honor och deras ungar bildar en flock som har 4 till 27 medlemmar. Inom flocken etablerar honorna en hierarki. Dessutom finns ungkarlsflockar. Individerna rör sig på fyra fötter i träd. De är främst aktiva på dagen. En hona ger sin unge di. Annars deltar alla honor som ingår i flocken i ungens uppfostring. Ungarna blir efter tre till fyra år könsmogna och hanar måste vid denna tid lämna flocken.[8][9]

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c d] 2008 Trachypithecus francoisi Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
  3. ^ (2005) , website Trachypithecus francoisi, Mammal Species of the World
  4. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
  5. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (28 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/trachypithecus+francoisi/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  6. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  7. ^ David W. McDonald (en), S. Ulfstrand (sv), red (1996). ”Bladapor”. Bonniers Stora Verk Om Jordens Djur. "Apor". Bonnier Lexikon AB. sid. 102-111. ISBN 91-632-0077-5
  8. ^ [a b] M. Richardson (15 maj 2006). ”Francois’s langur”. ARKive. Arkiverad från originalet den 26 januari 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120126161002/http://www.arkive.org/francoiss-langur/trachypithecus-francoisi/. Läst 12 juli 2014.
  9. ^ [a b] Sean Flannery (28 april 2007). ”Francois' Leaf-monkey” (på engelska). Primate Fact Sheets. http://www.theprimata.com/trachypithecus_francoisi.html. Läst 12 juli 2014.

Externa länkar

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Trachypithecus francoisi: Brief Summary ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV


Trachypithecus francoisi är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Eugene de Pousargues 1898. Trachypithecus francoisi ingår i släktet Trachypithecus och familjen markattartade apor. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som starkt hotad. Inga underarter finns listade. Det svenska trivialnamnet Francois bladapa förekommer för arten.

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Trachypithecus francoisi ( Ucraniano )

fornecido por wikipedia UK

Опис

Довжина голови і тіла самців: 55-64 см, самиць: 47-59 см; довжина хвоста самців: 82-96 см, самиць: 74-89 см; вага самців: 6,5-7,2 кг, самиць: 5,5-5,9 кг; вага при народженні: 0,45-0,50 кг. Має високий і гострий гребінь чорного волосся на голові. Хутро чорне з білими лініями від кутів рота, по щоках до вух. Допитливе і миле лице має короткий писок і видні надбрівні дуги, даючи вираз постійного подиву. Не має защічних мішків, натомість є опуклий живіт, де повільно засвоюються продукти харчування. Є сідничні мозолі. Руки і ноги дуже тонкі з коротким пальцями. Хвіст довгий, прямий, чорний з білим кінчиком. Великі пальці добре розвинені, протиставні. Передні кінцівки набагато коротші, ніж задні з голими долонями і стопами, що дозволя легко схоплювати гілля. Хутро немовлят блідо-імбирно-оранжеве, обличчя і кінцівки чорні.

Поширення

Цей вид зустрічається на півдні Китаю (провінції Чунцин, Гуансі, Гуйчжоу, Сичуань) і північному сході В'єтнаму. Цей вид зустрічається в субтропічних мусонних і вологих тропічних і субтропічних лісах у вапнякових (карстових) районах. Тварини використовують печери утворень і звиси в цих областях як укриття від негоди, і для притулку. Живуть до висоти 1500 м.

Стиль життя

Т. francoisi в основному листоїдні, решта раціону складається з пагонів, плодів, квітів і кори. Деревний, денний, активний і галасливий вид. Група складається з 4—27 (як правило, близько десятка) особин та на чолі з самицями, які розумно міняють ієрархію між собою, особливо коли справа доходить до догляду за молоддю. Є тільки один дорослий самець у групі, який не бере участь у догляді за молоддю. Після відлучення від молока, зв'язок між матір'ю і дитям зникає.

Життєвий цикл

Вагітність триває від 6 до 7 місяців. Розмір приплоду, як правило, один. Малюк народжується повністю вкритий хутром і досить активний. За 4-5 років неповнолітні стають статевозрілими, і зазвичай приєднуються до іншої групи або формують холостяцькі групи. Максимальна тривалість життя у полоні: 26.3 років.

Загрози та охорона

У В'єтнамі серйозною загрозою для цього виду є полювання, хоча деякі групи населення стикаються з тиском видобутку ресурсів на карстових пагорбів. Протягом усього ареалу в Китаї населенню загрожує втрата середовища існування через наступ сільського господарства і видобуток дров. Вид внесений в Додаток II СІТЕС. Проживає в багатьох природоохоронних територіях.

Посилання


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Voọc đen má trắng ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Voọc đen má trắng (danh pháp hai phần: Trachypithecus francoisi) là loài vật đặc trưng của nhóm voọc, thuộc bộ Linh trưởng[2] Tuy nhiên đây cũng là loài voọc ít được nghiên cứu nhất.[3]

Loài voọc này sống ở tây nam Trung Quốc và đông bắc Việt Nam. Trước năm 1990, voọc đen má trắng có mặt tại 23 nước với tổng số lượng là 2.000-2.500 cá thể.[4] Ước đoán hiện nay chỉ còn dưới 500 con ở Việt Nam và 1.400-1.650 ở Trung Quốc.[1] Ngoài ra có khoảng 60 con ở các vườn thú Bắc Mỹ.

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

Đặc điểm nhận dạng:

Bộ lông dày, màu đen tuyền. Hai má trắng, đám lông trắng rộng vượt quá chỏm vành tai. Đầu thường có mào lông đen. Đuôi dài hơn thân, màu đen.

Sinh học, sinh thái:

Voọc đen má trắng chủ yếu sống ở rừng trên núi đá vôi và kiếm ăn trong các dải rừng kín thường xanh tiếp giáp với rừng núi đá vôi gân vung sống của chúng. Voọc đen má trắng sống đàn. Trước đây, đàn voọc thường rất đông, 20 - 30 con (Lê Hiền Hào, 1973), nhưng hiện nay phổ biến tư 5 đến 15 con (Phạm Nhật, 2000). Hoạt động kiếm ăn của Voọc đen má trắng diễn ra ngay hai buổi sáng và chiều, trưa nghỉ. Cường độ kiếm ăn của voọc má trắng diễn ra mạnh vào hai thời điểm, đầu buổi sáng đến khoảng 10 giờ và từ 14 giờ đến 16 giờ 30 phút. Thời gian hoạt động trong ngày có khác nhau. Mùa nóng Voọc rời chỗ ngủ sớm, về hang muộn va thời gian nghỉ trưa khá dài. Về mùa lạnh, chúng đi kiếm ăn muộn và về hang ngủ sớm. Voọc đen má trắng ăn lá chồi non và quả cây rừng, không ăn động vật.

Bước đầu đã ghi nhận được 44 loài thuộc 22 họ thực vật được Voọc đen má trắng sử dụng làm thức ăn (Pham Nhật, 2000). Có nhiều loài thực vật được Voọc đen má trắng thích ăn nhất là cây họ Dâu tằm Moraceae, Ba mảnh vỏ Ephorbiaceae, Cau dừa Arecaceae. Các số liệu nghiên cứu cho thấy tuy Voọc má trắng ăn rất nhiều loại quả nhưng trong khẩu phần thức ăn thì khối lượng lá, đặc biệt là cuộng chiếm tỷ lệ nhiều hơn các loại thức ăn quả và thân. Voọc đen má trắng chủ yếu ngủ hang. Mùa nóng, chúng ngủ trên những tảng đá hoặc cây gỗ trước cửa hang, mùa lạnh ngủ trong hang. Hang ngủ của Voọc thường tìm thấy ở những nơi vách đá dựng đứng. Dẫn liệu sinh sản của Voọc đen má trắng còn thiếu. Quan sát thực địa thường gặp con mẹ mang con non ở các tháng khác nhau của năm, nhưng tập trung từ tháng 3 đến tháng 7. Mỗi lứa đẻ một con, con non mới đẻ có bộ lông màu vàng.

Phân bố:

Trong nước: Hà Giang, Cao Bằng, Tuyên Quang, Bắc Kạn, Lạng Sơn.

Thế giới: Trung Quốc (Quảng Tây).

Giá trị:

Voọc đen má trắng là loài linh trưởng quý hiếm và có giá trị khoa học, thẩm mỹ.

Tình trạng:

Chưa có công trình nào nghiên cứu về số lượng quần thể Voọc đen má trắng. Lê Hiền Hào (1973) cho biết loài này trước kia gặp phổ biến ở một số vùng như Cai Kinh (Lạng Sơn), Ba Bể (Bắc Kạn). Thông tin thu được qua các đợt khảo sát thực địa trong những năn gần đây ở Na Hang (Tuyên Quang), Ba Bể và Nà Rì (Bắc Kạn), Phong Quang (Hà Giang), Hữu Liên (Lạng Sơn) cho thấy Voọc đen má trắng là loài hiếm. Nguyên nhân chủ yếu gây sự suy giảm số lượng Voọc đen má trắng là do diện tích nơi sống của chúng là các khu rừng tự nhiên trên núi đá vôi bị thu hẹp và do áp lực săn bắt.

Phân Hạng: EN A1c,d C2a

Biện pháp bảo vệ:

IUCN (2000) xếp loài này vào nhóm sẽ nguy cấp (VU). Hội nghị Linh trưởng tháng 10/1998 ở Hà Nội và danh lục đỏ xếp Voọc má trắng vào nhóm nguy cấp (EN). Phụ lục II CITES. Quyết định 194-CT (1986) về Quy định các khu rừng cấm; Luật bảo vệ và phát triển rừng (1991), nhóm IB trong Nghị định 32/2006/NĐ-CP.

Đã được bảo vệ ở Vườn quốc gia Ba Bể, Khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên Na Hang, Khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên Na Rì, Khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên Phong Quang, Khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên Hữu Liên. Đây là những khu bảo vệ còn đủ các điều kiện sinh thái cần thiết cho loài này và biện pháp bảo vệ nội vi vẫn được coi là tốt nhất. Cần tăng cường công tác quản lý các Vườn quốc gia và Khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên nêu trên.

  1. ^ a ă Bleisch, B., Manh Ha, N., Khat Quyet, L. & Yongcheng, L. (2008). Trachypithecus francoisi. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 4 tháng 1 năm 2009.
  2. ^ Yang, Lou, Minghai, Z., Jianzhang, M., Ankang, W., Shusen, Z. (2007). “Time budget of daily activity of Francois’ langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) in disturbance habitat”. Acta Ecologica Sinica 27: 1715–1722. doi:10.1016/S1872-2032(07)60043-2.
  3. ^ Zhou, Qihai, Fuwen, W., Li, M., Chengming, H., Luo, B. (2006). “Diet and food choice of (Trachypithecus francoisi) in the Nonggang Nature Reserve, China”. International Journal of Primatology 27: 1441–1458. doi:10.1007/s10764-006-9082-8.
  4. ^ Li, Youbang, Huang, C., Ding, P., Tang, Z., and Wood. (2007). “Dramatic Decline in the Francois’ langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) in Guangxi Province, China”. Oryx 41: 38–43. doi:10.1017/S0030605307001500.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Linh trưởng này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Voọc đen má trắng: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Voọc đen má trắng (danh pháp hai phần: Trachypithecus francoisi) là loài vật đặc trưng của nhóm voọc, thuộc bộ Linh trưởng Tuy nhiên đây cũng là loài voọc ít được nghiên cứu nhất.

Loài voọc này sống ở tây nam Trung Quốc và đông bắc Việt Nam. Trước năm 1990, voọc đen má trắng có mặt tại 23 nước với tổng số lượng là 2.000-2.500 cá thể. Ước đoán hiện nay chỉ còn dưới 500 con ở Việt Nam và 1.400-1.650 ở Trung Quốc. Ngoài ra có khoảng 60 con ở các vườn thú Bắc Mỹ.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia VI

Тонкинский гульман ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Звери
Инфракласс: Плацентарные
Надотряд: Euarchontoglires
Грандотряд: Euarchonta
Миротряд: Приматообразные
Отряд: Приматы
Инфраотряд: Обезьянообразные
Надсемейство: Собакоголовые
Семейство: Мартышковые
Подсемейство: Тонкотелые обезьяны
Триба: Presbytini
Род: Кази
Вид: Тонкинский гульман
Международное научное название

Trachypithecus francoisi (Pousargues, 1898)

Ареал

изображение

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ITIS 573062NCBI 54180EOL 128465FW 236478

Тонкинский гульман[1] (лат. Trachypithecus francoisi) — вид приматов из семейства мартышковых. Видовое латинское название дано в честь французского дипломата Огюста Франсуа (1857—1935)[2].

Длина головы и тела самцов 55—64 см, самок 47—59 см, длина хвоста самцов 82—96 см, самок 74—89 см, вес самцов 6,5—7,2 кг, самок 5,5—5,9 кг, вес при рождении 0,45—0,50 кг. Имеет высокий и острый хохол чёрных волос на голове. Мех чёрный с белыми полосами от углов рта, по щекам к ушам. Любознательное и милое лицо имеет короткий рот, видны надбровные дуги, придающие выражение постоянного удивления. Не имеет защёчных мешков, зато имеется выпуклый живот, где медленно усваиваются продукты питания. Имеются седалищные мозоли. Руки и ноги очень тонкие с короткими пальцами. Хвост длинный, прямой, чёрный с белым кончиком. Большие пальцы хорошо развиты, противопоставленные. Передние конечности намного короче, чем задние с голыми руками и стопами, что позволяет легко схватывать ветки. Мех младенцев бледно-оранжевого цвета, лицо и конечности чёрные.

Этот вид встречается на юге Китая (провинции Чунцин, Гуанси, Гуйчжоу, Сычуань) и северо-востоке Вьетнама. Этот вид встречается в субтропических муссонных и влажных тропических и субтропических лесах в известняковых (карстовых) районах. Животные используют пещеры в этих областях в качестве укрытия от непогоды, и для убежища. Живут на высоте до 1500 метров над уровнем моря.

Trachypithecus francoisi в основном листоядные, остальной рацион состоит из побегов, плодов, цветов и коры. Древесный, дневной, активный и шумный вид. Группа состоит из 4—27 (как правило, около десятка) особей во главе с самками, которые разумно меняют иерархию между собой, особенно когда дело доходит до ухода за потомством. В группе всего один взрослый самец, который не участвует в уходе за потомством. После отлучения от молока, связь между матерью и детёнышем исчезает.

Беременность длится от 6 до 7 месяцев. Размер приплода, как правило, один. Малыш рождается полностью покрытый мехом и довольно активный. За 4—5 лет детёныши становятся половозрелыми, и обычно присоединяются к другой группе или формируют холостяцкие группы. Максимальная продолжительность жизни в неволе 26,3 лет.

Во Вьетнаме серьёзной угрозой для этого вида является охота, хотя некоторым популяциям угрозу представляет разработка карстовых холмов. На протяжении всего ареала в Китае популяции грозит потеря среды обитания из-за наступления сельского хозяйства и добычи дров. Вид внесён в Приложение II СИТЕС. Проживает во многих природоохранных территориях.

Примечания

  1. Полная иллюстрированная энциклопедия. «Млекопитающие» Кн. 2 = The New Encyclopedia of Mammals / под ред. Д. Макдональда. — М.: Омега, 2007. — С. 458. — 3000 экз.ISBN 978-5-465-01346-8.
  2. Bo Beolens, Michael Watkins, and Mike Grayson. The eponym dictionary of mammals. — Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009. — P. 141. — 574 p. — ISBN 978-0-8018-9304-9.
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Тонкинский гульман: Brief Summary ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию

Тонкинский гульман (лат. Trachypithecus francoisi) — вид приматов из семейства мартышковых. Видовое латинское название дано в честь французского дипломата Огюста Франсуа (1857—1935).

Длина головы и тела самцов 55—64 см, самок 47—59 см, длина хвоста самцов 82—96 см, самок 74—89 см, вес самцов 6,5—7,2 кг, самок 5,5—5,9 кг, вес при рождении 0,45—0,50 кг. Имеет высокий и острый хохол чёрных волос на голове. Мех чёрный с белыми полосами от углов рта, по щекам к ушам. Любознательное и милое лицо имеет короткий рот, видны надбровные дуги, придающие выражение постоянного удивления. Не имеет защёчных мешков, зато имеется выпуклый живот, где медленно усваиваются продукты питания. Имеются седалищные мозоли. Руки и ноги очень тонкие с короткими пальцами. Хвост длинный, прямой, чёрный с белым кончиком. Большие пальцы хорошо развиты, противопоставленные. Передние конечности намного короче, чем задние с голыми руками и стопами, что позволяет легко схватывать ветки. Мех младенцев бледно-оранжевого цвета, лицо и конечности чёрные.

Этот вид встречается на юге Китая (провинции Чунцин, Гуанси, Гуйчжоу, Сычуань) и северо-востоке Вьетнама. Этот вид встречается в субтропических муссонных и влажных тропических и субтропических лесах в известняковых (карстовых) районах. Животные используют пещеры в этих областях в качестве укрытия от непогоды, и для убежища. Живут на высоте до 1500 метров над уровнем моря.

Trachypithecus francoisi в основном листоядные, остальной рацион состоит из побегов, плодов, цветов и коры. Древесный, дневной, активный и шумный вид. Группа состоит из 4—27 (как правило, около десятка) особей во главе с самками, которые разумно меняют иерархию между собой, особенно когда дело доходит до ухода за потомством. В группе всего один взрослый самец, который не участвует в уходе за потомством. После отлучения от молока, связь между матерью и детёнышем исчезает.

Беременность длится от 6 до 7 месяцев. Размер приплода, как правило, один. Малыш рождается полностью покрытый мехом и довольно активный. За 4—5 лет детёныши становятся половозрелыми, и обычно присоединяются к другой группе или формируют холостяцкие группы. Максимальная продолжительность жизни в неволе 26,3 лет.

Во Вьетнаме серьёзной угрозой для этого вида является охота, хотя некоторым популяциям угрозу представляет разработка карстовых холмов. На протяжении всего ареала в Китае популяции грозит потеря среды обитания из-за наступления сельского хозяйства и добычи дров. Вид внесён в Приложение II СИТЕС. Проживает во многих природоохранных территориях.

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黑葉猴 ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科

黑叶猴学名Trachypithecus francoisi)是猴科乌叶猴属的一種。

特征

身体长约50~60厘米,头小,尾巴较身体长,细长的四肢;头顶有直立的毛冠,体背毛比腹面的毛长而密,臀疣较大;全身黑色有光泽,耳基至两颊有白毛,手足均为黑色。

分布

生活在热带亚热带阔叶林中,群栖树上。分佈于華南越南東北部地區。

参考文献

 src= 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:黑葉猴  src= 维基物种中的分类信息:黑葉猴 小作品圖示这是一篇與哺乳动物相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。
 title=
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黑葉猴: Brief Summary ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科

黑叶猴(学名:Trachypithecus francoisi)是猴科乌叶猴属的一種。

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维基百科作者和编辑
original
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site do parceiro
wikipedia 中文维基百科

프랑수아랑구르 ( Coreano )

fornecido por wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

프랑수아랑구르(Trachypithecus francoisi) 또는 프랑수아잎원숭이루뚱원숭이의 일종이다. 중국 남서부에서부터 베트남에 걸쳐 분포한다.

몸길이 51~67cm, 몸무게 6kg이다. 털빛은 검은색이고 입에서 귀로 이어지는 흰 선이 있다. 볏처럼 위로 솟은 검은 머리털이 특징이다. 천적은 구름표범이다.

야생에서의 전체 개체수는 알려져있지 않지만, 베트남에 500마리 그리고 중국에 1,400-1650마리(IUCN, 2008년) 이하가 있는 것으로 추측되고 있다. 북아메리카의 동물원 등에 약 60여 마리가 겨우 사육되고 있다.

인디애나주 에번즈빌에 있는 미스커 공원 동물원은 이 희귀한 원숭이의 번식에 성공하여 주목을 받았다. 동물원은 2003년 11월에 샌디애고 동물원에서 2마리의 암컷, 량(Liang)과 사이(Sai)를 받았다. 2006년 8월에 각기, 수컷 새끼를 낳았다. 수컷은 2005년 12월 신시내티 동물원으로부터 왔다. 2008년 2월 량은 암컷 새끼를 낳았다.[3]

2009년 3월, 오스트레일리아 타롱가 동물원에서 암컷 한 마리가 태어났다. 이 새끼는 어미로부터 버려져 동물원 직원으로부터 보살핌을 받았다.[4]

각주

  1. Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., 편집. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. “Trachypithecus francoisi”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2009년 1월 4일에 확인함.
  3. New Zoo Arrival. Evansville Courier & Press http://www.courierpress.com/news/2008/feb/08/new-zoo-arrival/. 2008년 10월 14일에 확인함. |제목=이(가) 없거나 비었음 (도움말)
  4. Robinson, Kelly (2009년 3월 24일). “Endangered francois langur Elke makes debut at Taronga Zoo”. news.com.au. 2009년 3월 27일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2009년 3월 24일에 확인함.
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프랑수아랑구르: Brief Summary ( Coreano )

fornecido por wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

프랑수아랑구르(Trachypithecus francoisi) 또는 프랑수아잎원숭이는 루뚱원숭이의 일종이다. 중국 남서부에서부터 베트남에 걸쳐 분포한다.

몸길이 51~67cm, 몸무게 6kg이다. 털빛은 검은색이고 입에서 귀로 이어지는 흰 선이 있다. 볏처럼 위로 솟은 검은 머리털이 특징이다. 천적은 구름표범이다.

야생에서의 전체 개체수는 알려져있지 않지만, 베트남에 500마리 그리고 중국에 1,400-1650마리(IUCN, 2008년) 이하가 있는 것으로 추측되고 있다. 북아메리카의 동물원 등에 약 60여 마리가 겨우 사육되고 있다.

인디애나주 에번즈빌에 있는 미스커 공원 동물원은 이 희귀한 원숭이의 번식에 성공하여 주목을 받았다. 동물원은 2003년 11월에 샌디애고 동물원에서 2마리의 암컷, 량(Liang)과 사이(Sai)를 받았다. 2006년 8월에 각기, 수컷 새끼를 낳았다. 수컷은 2005년 12월 신시내티 동물원으로부터 왔다. 2008년 2월 량은 암컷 새끼를 낳았다.

2009년 3월, 오스트레일리아 타롱가 동물원에서 암컷 한 마리가 태어났다. 이 새끼는 어미로부터 버려져 동물원 직원으로부터 보살핌을 받았다.

licença
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direitos autorais
Wikipedia 작가 및 편집자