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Archontophoenix cunninghamiana (H. Wendl.) H. Wendl. & Drude

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana – commonly known as Bangalow palm, king palm, Illawara palm or piccabeen palm – is a tree in the palm family Arecaceae which is endemic to the east coast of New South Wales and Queensland, Australia.

Description

The Bangalow palm has a single trunk growing up to 30 m (98 ft) tall and a diameter of 30 cm (12 in).[5][6][7] The trunk is swollen at the base and is marked by prominent leaf scars at regular intervals along its length.[5][6] The crownshaft is around 140 cm (55 in) long and is green or purple green.[6][7] Around 9 to 12 leaves (or fronds) make up the crown, each about 4–4.5 m (13–15 ft) long and with around 90 pairs of leaflets.[5][6][7] The fronds usually have a half-twist so that the leaflets at the distal end are more or less vertical. The leaflets measure up to 100 cm (39 in) long and 10 cm (3.9 in) wide.[5][6][7]

The inflorescence is a much-branched panicle arising from the base of the crownshaft, and measuring up to 150 cm (59 in) long.[5][6][7] The flowers are pink to lilac or purple, staminate (functionally male) flowers measure up to 6 mm (0.24 in) long and pistillate (functionally female) flowers are around 5 mm (0.20 in) long.[5][6][7]

The globose fruit is a drupe to around 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in) diameter. They are bright red when ripe and contain a single seed.[5][6][7]

Taxonomy

This species was first described in 1858 by the German botanist Hermann Wendland, who gave it the name Ptychosperma cunninghamianum.[3] Seventeen years later, working with his countryman Carl Georg Oscar Drude, Wendland reviewed his description and gave the species the current combination. Their work was published in the journal Linnaea: ein Journal für die Botanik in ihrem ganzen Umfange, oder Beiträge zur Pflanzenkunde in 1875.[3][4]

Etymology

The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek ἄρχων (árkhōn), meaning "chieftain" or "ruler", combined with the palm genus Phoenix. It was created by Wendell and Drude and refers to their perceived "regal stature" of these palms. The species epithet cunninghamiana was coined by Wendland to honour the English botanist Allan Cunningham.[8]

Distribution

The native range of the Bangalow palm is from Mount Elliot, near Townsville in tropical Queensland, southwards in coastal and sub-coastal areas to Bateman's Bay in southern New South Wales.[5][6][7] It grows in rainforest and wet scleophyll forest, in swampy areas and beside rivers and creeks. at altitudes ranging from sea level to 1,200 m (3,940 ft).[5][6][7][8]

Ecology

Its fronds do not create a nesting environment for insects or macrofauna like rodents, so are a tolerable tree for urban environments. They arrived in Australia from the landbridge created 45,000 years ago due to the receding ocean levels during the last glacial period, but the probable 'native' environment in prehistory was Indonesia.

Invasive potential

It has become a noxious weed in many areas where it has been used as an ornamental plant. In southern Brazil, it has become an invasive species, and it has been suggested that it benfits from the earlier local extinction of the native palm Euterpe edulis.[9]

In New Zealand, A. cunninghamiana could invade native forests, since it has the same ecological requirements as the native nikau palm.[10] The Auckland Council has declared A. cunninghamiana to be a pest species, and has introduced restrictions on the movement of the plant within the Hauraki Gulf Controlled Area.[11]

In the United States, the palm is commonly cultivated in California from San Luis Obispo south to the Mexican border and in much of central and southern Florida.

Gallery

References

  1. ^ "Species profile—Archontophoenix cunninghamiana". Queensland Department of Environment and Science. Queensland Government. 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  2. ^ IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group & Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI). (2021). "Archontophoenix cunninghamiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T13506860A192230209. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T13506860A192230209.en. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  3. ^ a b c "Archontophoenix cunninghamiana". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  4. ^ a b c "Archontophoenix cunninghamiana (Wendl.) Wendl. & Drude". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i "PlantNET - FloraOnline". PlantNET (The NSW Plant Information Network System). Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Archontophoenix cunninghamiana". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i Dowe, J.L.; Jones, D.L., eds. (2022). "Archontophoenix cunninghamiana". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  8. ^ a b Cooper, Wendy; Cooper, William T. (June 2004). Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest. Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia: Nokomis Editions. p. 67. ISBN 9780958174213.
  9. ^ Christianini, Alexander V. (2006). "Fecundity, dispersal and predation of seeds of Archontophoenix cunninghamiana H. Wendl. & Drude, an invasive palm in the Atlantic forest". Brazilian Journal of Botany (in Portuguese). 29 (4): 587–594. doi:10.1590/S0100-84042006000400008. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  10. ^ "Auckland Regional Pest Strategy 2007–2012" (PDF). Auckland Regional Council. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  11. ^ "Hauraki Gulf Controlled Area Notice 2020" (PDF). Auckland Council. Auckland Council. Retrieved 11 May 2023.

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wikipedia EN

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana – commonly known as Bangalow palm, king palm, Illawara palm or piccabeen palm – is a tree in the palm family Arecaceae which is endemic to the east coast of New South Wales and Queensland, Australia.

licença
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Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
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wikipedia EN

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES
 src=
Semillas de la palma bangalow

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana, la palma Bangalow o palma rey (king palm), es una palma originaria de Australia.

Descripción

Puede alcanzar hasta 20 metros o más de altura.[1]​ Las flores son de color violeta y los frutos rojos son atractivos a las aves. Florece a mediados del verano y tiene un follaje perenne. Se ha naturalizado en muchas áreas donde se ha usado como planta ornamental. Puede crecer solitario (1 árbol), como doble (si se juntan dos árboles muy apretados) y aún hasta en triple (tres árboles juntos muy apretados).

Hábitat

En el sur de Brasil, ha llegado a ser una especie invasora.[2]​ En Nueva Zelanda, existe la preocupación de que A. cunninghamiana pudiera invadir los bosques nativos, ya que tiene los mismos requerimientos que la palma nikau. El consejo regional de Auckland ha incluido a A. cunninghamiana en la lista de plantas que requieren mayor investigación por su potencial para afectar de manera adversa al medio ambente.[3]

Taxonomía

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana fue descrita por H.Wendl. & Drude y publicado en Linnaea 39: 214, en el año 1875.[4]

Etimología

Archontophoenix: nombre genérico que deriva de las palabras griegas: archon = "jefe, principal", phoenix = "palmera", en general, llamado así por su estatura real y la apariencia.[5]

Sinonimia

Referencias

  1. NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA ONLINE retrieved April 9th, 2009
  2. Frisch & Frisch (2005), page 354, Christianini (2006)
  3. ARC Research Programme
  4. Archontophoenix cunninghamiana en Trópicos
  5. (J. Dransfield, N. Uhl, C. Asmussen, W.J. Baker, M. Harley and C. Lewis. 2008)
  6. Sinónimos en Kew

Bibliografía

  • CHRISTIANINI, Alexander V. - "Fecundity, dispersal, and predation of seeds of Archontophoenix cunninghamiana H. Wendl & Drude, an invasive palm in the Atlantic Forest". Revista Brasileira de Botânica, V.29, no.4, october/december 2006 Abstractos en portugués e inglés.
  • FRISCH, J.D. & FRISCH, C.D. - Aves Brasileiras e plantas que as atraem [Brazilian birds and plants which attract them]: 2005, São Paulo, Dalgas Ecotec, ISBN 85-85015-07-1
 title=
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia ES

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES
 src= Semillas de la palma bangalow

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana, la palma Bangalow o palma rey (king palm), es una palma originaria de Australia.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia ES

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana ou palmiste de Cunningham est une espèce de palmier du genre Archontophoenix et de la famille des Arecaceae, originaire de l'est de l'Australie. Ce petit palmier est largement cultivé dans les parcs et jardins tropicaux.

Description

C’est un beau palmier gracile, aérien et très décoratif, pouvant atteindre 20 m de hauteur[1].

Le stipe, de couleur grise et lisse, relativement fin, est sans reliques de bases foliaires, mais porte des traces annelées. A sa partie supérieure, se trouve une hampe foliaire lisse de 60 à 100 cm de haut[2], vert vif.

Les feuilles sont grandes, pennées, d'un vert tendre, et d'aspect très luxuriant. Elles peuvent atteindre 3 m de longueur[1]. Les folioles sont opposées, assez serrées et parfois terminées par de longs filaments retombants.

L'inflorescence, située sous les feuilles, à la base de la hampe foliaire, est constituée de fleurs violacées disposées sur un panicule aux branches pendantes. Les fleurs mâles et femelles, séparées, sont disposées sur la même inflorescence par groupe de trois : une femelle entre deux mâles ou deux mâles à l'extrémité des branches. Les fleurs femelles sont plus petites et arrivent à maturité après les mâles[3].

Les fruits, en forme de billes rouge écarlate d'environ 1,2 cm de diamètre[1], sont très décoratifs mais toxiques[réf. nécessaire].

Répartition et habitat

L'aire d'origine de ce palmier est les forêts subtropicales humides de la côte est de l'Australie, où il pousse sur des sols humifères parfois sablonneux, mais toujours très arrosés. Il croît jusqu'à l'altitude de 1000 mètres, dans des conditions climatiques humides.

Il est très largement cultivé en Australie et dans le sud de la Californie aux États-Unis. Il est très commun dans les parcs et jardins des Antilles et de la Réunion. Sa culture en France métropolitaine est difficile et cantonnée aux zones les plus abritées de la Côte d'Azur. L'espèce n'est adaptable aux climats tempérés que dans les zones où il ne gèle quasiment pas.

D'une façon générale, il apprécie les sols riches et très bien arrosés. Malgré une implantation dynamique au début du XXe siècle, ils sont très rares sur la Côte d'Azur et en Europe, où les vagues de froid successives les ont largement éliminés[4].

Systématique

Synonymes :

  • Jessenia amazonum Drude
  • Loroma amethystina O.F.Cook
  • Loroma cunninghamiana (H.Wendl.) O.F.Cook
  • Ptychosperma cunninghamianum H.Wendl.
  • Seaforthia elegans Hook.

Références

  1. a b et c Juan-Alberto Rodriguez Pérez, Flore exotique dans les îles Canaries, Leon, Espagne, Editorial Everest, 1990, 236 p. (ISBN 978-84-241-4668-9), p. 17
  2. Jacques Fournet, Flore illustrée des phanérogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique, Gondwana éditions, Cirad, 2002
    Tome 1 (ISBN 2-87614-489-1) ; Tome 2 (ISBN 2-87614-492-1).
  3. (en) Leonard Cronin, Key Guide to Australian Palms Ferns and Allies, Reed Books, 1989
  4. Jacques Deleuze, Palmiers pour le climat méditerranéen, Marly-le-Roi, Champflour, 7 septembre 1995, 144 p. (ISBN 978-2-87655-026-1, BNF )

licença
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Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
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wikipedia FR

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana ou palmiste de Cunningham est une espèce de palmier du genre Archontophoenix et de la famille des Arecaceae, originaire de l'est de l'Australie. Ce petit palmier est largement cultivé dans les parcs et jardins tropicaux.

licença
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Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia FR

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana (H.Wendl.) H.Wendl. & Drude è una palma della tribù Areceae (sottofamiglia Arecoideae), endemica dell'Australia.[1][2]

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Archontophoenix cunninghamiana, su Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. URL consultato il 1º febbraio 2021.
  2. ^ (EN) Baker W.J., Dransfield J., Beyond Genera Palmarum : progress and prospects in palm systematics, in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. 182, n. 2, 2016, DOI:10.1111/boj.12401.

Bibliografia

 title=
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wikipedia IT

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana: Brief Summary ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana (H.Wendl.) H.Wendl. & Drude è una palma della tribù Areceae (sottofamiglia Arecoideae), endemica dell'Australia.

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Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
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wikipedia IT

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana là loài thực vật có hoa thuộc họ Arecaceae. Loài này được (H.Wendl.) H.Wendl. & Drude mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1875.[1]

Hình ảnh

Tham khảo

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Archontophoenix cunninghamiana. Truy cập ngày 18 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến phân họ cau Arecoideae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia VI

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana là loài thực vật có hoa thuộc họ Arecaceae. Loài này được (H.Wendl.) H.Wendl. & Drude mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1875.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia VI