Associations
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fornecido por BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK
Foodplant / parasite
Blumeria graminis parasitises live Hordeum jubatum
Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por eFloras
Plants perennial, tufted, smooth and glabrous. Culms erect or decumbent at base, 30–60 cm tall, ca. 2 mm in diam., 3–5-noded. Leaf blade flat, 6–12 × 0.15–0.4 cm. Spike green or purplish green, nodding, 5–10 cm including awns, soft; rachis brittle. Lateral spikelets: reduced to 1–3 spreading awns, rarely male. Central spikelet:perfect; glumes spreading, awnlike, 2.5–6.5 cm, much longer than floret; lemma lanceolate 5–6(–8) mm, awn to 7 cm; palea equaling lemma. Fl. and fr. May–Aug. 2n = 28*.
- licença
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Habitat & Distribution
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)
fornecido por eFloras
Meadows, moist land. Heilongjiang, Liaoning [temperate regions of the world].
- licença
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Synonym
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por eFloras
Critesion geniculatum Rafinesque, nom. illeg. superfl.; C. jubatum (Linnaeus) Nevski; Elymus jubatus (Linnaeus) Link.
- licença
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Broad-scale Impacts of Plant Response to Fire
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
prescribed fire,
restorationThe Research Project Summary
Vegetation response to restoration treatments
in ponderosa pine-Douglas-fir forests of western Montana provides information
on prescribed fire and postfire response of plant community species, including
foxtail barley, that was not available when this species review was written.
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Common Names
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
foxtail barley
foxtail
squirreltail barley
squirreltail grass
foxtail grass
wild barley
skunktail
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Cover Value
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
The degree to which foxtail barley provides environmental protection
during one or more seasons for wildlife species is rated as follows [
8]:
CO MT ND UT WY
Pronghorn ---- ---- Poor Poor Poor
Elk ---- Poor ---- Poor Poor
Mule deer ---- Poor Poor Poor Poor
White-tailed deer Poor Fair ---- Poor ----
Small mammals ---- Poor ---- Fair Good
Small nongame birds ---- Poor ---- Fair Good
Upland game birds Poor Poor ---- Fair Fair
Waterfowl ---- Good Good Fair Fair
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
cool-seasonFoxtail barley is a short-lived, native, perennial, cool-season grass
[
1,
14,
26,
32]. It has erect, slender stems, 1 to 2 feet (0.3-0.6 m)
tall, growing in thick bunches or tufts [
23,
26,
38]. The roots are
fibrous [
35].
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Distribution
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Foxtail barley is indigenous to the western United States [
35]. It has
become naturalized in the East and now occurs throughout the United
States with the exception of the South Atlantic and Gulf Coast states
[
2,
17]. It occurs throughout most of Canada and some areas of Mexico
[
35,
45].
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Fire Ecology
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
fire regime,
seedFoxtail barley will rapidly establish on disturbed sites through
off-site seed sources [
15,
35].
FIRE REGIMES : Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the
FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Fire Management Considerations
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
cool-seasonAs a general rule, undesirable cool-season grasses such as foxtail
barley can be reduced with late spring burns [
41].
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification)
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the terms:
chamaephyte,
hemicryptophyte Chamaephyte
Hemicryptophyte
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat characteristics
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
codominant,
grassland,
heath,
shrubFoxtail barley grows chiefly on grassland types on the plains and lower
foothills but also extends upward to subalpine elevations in the spruce
belt. It is very common throughout the West, especially along roadsides
and other waste places, and in grain and hay fields [
17,
23,
31,
35]. It
reaches its greatest abundance on the edges of sloughs and salt marshes,
grassy slopes, and flatlands in the western prairies [
4]. It is also
abundant in overgrazed sagebrush margins and irrigated meadows [
14]. In
sagebrush, pinyon-juniper, salt-desert shrub, and plains grasslands
communities, it generally occurs in areas where extra water has
accumulated, such as sloughs and around stock-water developments [
38].
Soils and salt-tolerance: Foxtail barley grows well on a variety of
soil textures ranging from sandy loam to clay, with clay content varying
from 17 percent to 56 percent [
34,
45]. It requires fairly moist
conditions and cannot sustain itself during long dry periods [
8,
34].
Foxtail barley commonly occurs on soils with moderate salinity but can
also grow and reproduce under nonsaline conditions [
34,
45]. Foxtail
barley has a broad tolerance to variations in pH. It occurs in areas
with a pH from 6.4 to 9.5, with a median value of 8.1 in the surface
soils [
34].
Elevational range: The elevational range of foxtail barley in several
western states is as follows [
8]:
Utah: 2,500 to 8,800 feet (762-2,682 m)
Colorado: 3,400 to 10,400 feet (1,036-3,170 m)
Wyoming: 3,500 to 9,400 feet (1,067-2,865 m)
Montana: 2,100 to 3,900 feet (640-1,189 m)
Plant associates: Foxtail barley may occur in relatively pure stands in
moderately saline communities or as a codominant with inland saltgrass
(Distichlis stricta var. stricta) and spearleaf saltweed (Atriplex
patula var. hastata) [
34]. Foxtail barley is also commonly associated
with coastal saltgrass (Distichlis spicata), nutka alkaligrass
(Puccinellia nutkaensis), Pursh seepweed (Suaeda depressa), heath aster
(Aster ericoides), field sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis), curly dock
(Rumex crispus), bluegrass (Poa spp.), and wheatgrass (Agropyron spp.)
[
6,
13,
15,
34].
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Cover Types
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Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):
1 Jack pine
5 Balsam fir
12 Black spruce
13 Black spruce - tamarack
22 White pine - hemlock
23 Eastern hemlock
38 Tamarack
32 Red spruce
33 Red spruce - balsam fir
34 Red spruce - Fraser fir
31 Red spruce - sugar maple - beech
35 Paper birch - red spruce - balsam fir
206 Engelmann spruce - subalpine fir
210 Interior Douglas-fir
224 Western hemlock
225 Western hemlock - Sitka spruce
229 Pacific Douglas-fir
230 Douglas-fir - western hemlock
237 Interior ponderosa pine
239 Pinyon - juniper
244 Pacific ponderosa pine - Douglas-fir
245 Pacific ponderosa pine
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Ecosystem
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Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):
More info for the term:
shrub FRES10 White - red - jack pine
FRES11 Spruce - fir
FRES20 Douglas-fir
FRES21 Ponderosa pine
FRES23 Fir - spruce
FRES24 Hemlock - Sitka spruce
FRES29 Sagebrush
FRES30 Desert shrub
FRES34 Chaparral - mountain shrub
FRES35 Pinyon - juniper
FRES36 Mountain grasslands
FRES37 Mountain meadows
FRES38 Plains grasslands
FRES39 Prairie
FRES40 Desert grasslands
FRES41 Wet grasslands
FRES42 Annual grasslands
FRES44 Alpine
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Plant Associations
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)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):
More info for the terms:
bog,
forest,
shrub,
woodland K001 Spruce - cedar - hemlock forest
K010 Ponderosa shrub forest
K011 Western ponderosa forest
K012 Douglas-fir forest
K015 Western spruce - fir forest
K016 Eastern ponderosa forest
K017 Black Hills pine forest
K018 Pine - Douglas-fir forest
K019 Arizona pine forest
K021 Southwestern spruce - fir forest
K023 Juniper - pinyon woodland
K024 Juniper steppe woodland
K027 Mesquite bosque
K033 Chaparral
K034 Montane chaparral
K037 Mountain-mahogany - oak scrub
K038 Great Basin sagebrush
K039 Blackbrush
K040 Saltbush - greasewood
K041 Creosotebush
K048 California steppe
K049 Tule marshes
K050 Fescue - wheatgrass
K051 Wheatgrass - bluegrass
K053 Grama - galleta steppe
K055 Sagebrush steppe
K056 Wheatgrass - needlegrass shrubsteppe
K057 Galleta - three-awn shrubsteppe
K060 Mesquite savanna
K063 Foothills prairie
K064 Grama - needlegrass - wheatgrass
K065 Grama - buffalograss
K066 Wheatgrass - needlegrass
K067 Wheatgrass - bluestem - needlegrass
K068 Wheatgrass - grama - buffalograss
K069 Bluestem - grama prairie
K070 Sandsage - bluestem prairie
K074 Bluestem prairie
K081 Oak savanna
K093 Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
K094 Conifer bog
K095 Great Lakes pine forest
K098 Northern floodplain forest
K101 Elm - ash forest
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Immediate Effect of Fire
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Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
top-killModerate fires with probably top-kill foxtail barley, and hot fires may
kill the underground root system.
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Importance to Livestock and Wildlife
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Many waterfowl species eat the seeds and occasionally the leaves of
foxtail barley [
20]. Before flowering, foxtail barley is palatable to
livestock and big game. Up to the time when seedheads develop, it is
fair to good forage for cattle and horses and fair for sheep [
35].
Foxtail barley seedheads, when dry, are very harmful to all kinds of
grazing animals, particularly deer, elk, and pronghorn [
35]. The
sharp-pointed joints of the spike, each with several long and slender
awns, stick in the nose and mouth of grazing animals, often penetrating
the flesh [
24,
35]. Infection caused by awns stuck in tissue can cause
necrotic sores and necrotic stomatitis, which in turn finally attacks
the bones and causes an abnormal enlargement as well as lumpy jaw and
pus-forming abscesses. These infections may result in death of the
animal [
35].
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Key Plant Community Associations
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Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Foxtail barley is a common riparian dominance type at low to
mid-elevations throughout Montana. It occurs in disturbed areas,
meadows, basins, and drawdown areas, where soils are saline or alkaline
[
15].
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Life Form
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
graminoidGraminoid
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Management considerations
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Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Because of the damage foxtail barley can cause to livestock and other
animals, it is often considered a pasture weed [
21,
24,
35]. Hay
containing foxtail barley is nearly valueless [
24]. Additionally,
seedheads of this species can downgrade the value of wool or pelts,
causing further economic loss to ranchers [
24]. Once established,
foxtail barley is hard to eradicate. It increases under excessive
grazing pressure. Dense stands are usually associated with some type of
disturbance, such as overgrazing, close mowing, or repeated burning
[
14,
29,
45].
Seeding disturbed meadows and pastures with desirable, fast-growing
forage grasses is effective in reducing the amount of foxtail barley
that invades the site. Additionally, conservative grazing can
facilitate the establishment of native, palatable grasses and reduce
foxtail barley [
15,
35].
Control with herbicides: Forty-eight pounds of dalapon
(2,2-dichloropropionic acid) per acre (7.2 kg/ha) in water at 50 gallons
per acre (76 liters/ha) has been shown to give complete kill of foxtail
barley. Lower rates of 16 and 32 pounds of dalapon per acre (2.4
kg/ha-4.8 kg/ha) allows some survival. A combination of 30 pounds (4.5
kg/ha) of dalapon and 4 pounds (0.6 kg/ha) of amino triazole per acre
will also effectively control foxtail barley [
36]. The herbicide
mefluidide is most effective in controlling foxtail barley when applied
near initiation of flowering [
39]. In a meadow brome (Bromus spp.)
stand, the herbicide kerb at the rate of 0.5 pounds per acre ( 0.7
kg/ha) gave excellent control of foxtail barley without apparent
reduction of the meadow brome [
18].
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Occurrence in North America
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Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
AL AK AZ AR CA CO CT DE ID IL
IN IA KS KY ME MD MA MI MN MS
MO MT NE NV NH NJ NM NY ND OH
OK OR PA RI SD TN TX UT VT WA
WV WI WY AB BC LB MB NB NF NT
NS ON PQ SK YT MEXICO
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Other uses and values
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Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Foxtail barley, cut before the awns have expanded, is sometimes used as
an ornamental in dry bouquets [
24].
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Palatability
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
The palatability of foxtail barley to livestock and wildlife species in
several western states is rated as follows [
8]:
CO MT ND UT WY
Cattle Fair Poor Fair Fair Poor
Sheep Fair Fair Fair Poor Fair
Horses Fair ---- ---- Fair Fair
Pronghorn ---- Poor Poor Fair Poor
Elk ---- Poor ---- Good Poor
Mule deer ---- Poor Poor Fair Poor
White-tailed deer ---- Poor Poor ---- Poor
Small mammals ---- ---- ---- Fair Fair
Small nongame birds ---- Fair ---- Fair ----
Upland game birds ---- Poor ---- Fair Fair
Waterfowl Good Fair ---- Fair Fair
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Phenology
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the term:
seedFoxtail barley starts growth in April or May. Flowering and seed set
generally occur from May until late July [
2,
33,
34].
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Plant Response to Fire
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
culmFoxtail barley generally recovers after fire through off-site seeds
[
27]. Foxtail barley is most sensitive to spring fire that coincides
with its active growing period [
41,
42]. After a North Dakota prairie
fire in the spring of 1966, foxtail barley culm production was greatly
reduced [
12]. However, the opposite was found to be true following a
1972 spring fire on a northwestern Minnesota prairie. Here flowering
activity was stimulated [
27]. Following a burn along the Missouri River
Breaks of central Montana, foxtail barley was one of the first grass
species to become established [
44].
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Post-fire Regeneration
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Initial-offsite colonizer (off-site, initial community)
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Regeneration Processes
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
marsh,
seed,
stratificationSexual reproduction: Foxtail barley is a prolific seeder. Ripe
seedheads break up and are dispersed by wind or transported in the hair
of grazing animals [
35].
Seed germination: Foxtail barley produces two germination cohorts: one
in the spring and one in the fall. These two cohorts are important in
maintaining populations of foxtail barley [
2]. On a saline marsh at
Rittman, Ohio, foxtail barley seed production per inflorescence was
greater with an increase in soil salinity [
1]. Seed germination is
inhibited by warm summer temperatures, but seeds readily germinate when
exposed to cooler fall temperatures. After cold stratification the
temperature range favorable for germination broadens. Freezing
temperatures result in high seed mortality [
1]. Seeds are capable of
germinating in 1.0 percent total salts or less. Germination decrease
when salinity increases past 1.0 percent [
34]. Germination is
independent of light conditions [
1].
Seedlings: Foxtail barley seedlings can survive for several months at
salinities unfavorable for growth and reproduction. In a marsh at
Rittman, Ohio, highest survival of fall and spring seedlings occurred in
the most saline lower marsh [
2].
Vegetative reproduction: Foxtail barley reproduces vegetatively by
tillering [
33].
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Regional Distribution in the Western United States
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):
1 Northern Pacific Border
2 Cascade Mountains
3 Southern Pacific Border
4 Sierra Mountains
5 Columbia Plateau
6 Upper Basin and Range
7 Lower Basin and Range
8 Northern Rocky Mountains
9 Middle Rocky Mountains
10 Wyoming Basin
11 Southern Rocky Mountains
12 Colorado Plateau
13 Rocky Mountain Piedmont
14 Great Plains
15 Black Hills Uplift
16 Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Successional Status
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the terms:
climax,
grasslandFacultative Seral Species
Foxtail barley is a pioneer or invader in disturbed areas and in areas
with high salinity [
10,
15,
20,
43]. It is among the first grasses to
establish after disturbance and may become dominant in early seral
grassland communities. It also occurs but is not dominant in some late
seral to climax grassland communities [
29]. It rapidly invades areas
exposed by a receding water table. If the water table becomes stabilized
at a high level, foxtail barley will ultimately be replaced by saltgrass
(Distichlis spp.) or common spikesedge (Eleocharis palustris) in saline
areas [
10,
20,
43].
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Synonyms
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Critesion jubatum L. Nevski [
3]
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Taxonomy
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
The currently accepted scientific name for foxtail barley is Hordeum
jubatum L. [
4,
17,
19]. Hordeum jubatum L. hybridizes with H.
brachyantherum in interior and coastal British Columbia, where the two
species share the same habitat [
4]. Recognized subspecies and
varieties of H. jubatum are as follows [
4,
17,
19]:
H. j. ssp. jubatum
H. j. ssp. intermedium Bowden
H. j. ssp. breviarestatum Bowden
H. j. var. boreale Scribn. & Smith (Boivin)
H. j. var. caespitasum (Sribn.) Hitchc.
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Value for rehabilitation of disturbed sites
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Foxtail barley has potential for revegetation of saline mine spoils
where forage value is of secondary importance. Its extensive root
system and aggressive habit make it a good species for erosion control.
Foxtail barley seeds are not commercially available [
45].
- citação bibliográfica
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Distribution
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por IABIN
XII
Physical Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por USDA PLANTS text
Perennials, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blades mostly glabrous, Leaf blades more or less hairy, Ligule present, Ligule an unfringed eciliate membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence lax, widely spreading, branches drooping, pendulous, Inflorescence curved, twisted or nodding, Inflorescence single raceme, fascicle or spike, Inflorescence spikelets arranged in a terminal bilateral spike, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets sessile or subsessile, Spikelets dorsally compressed or terete, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 1 fertile floret, Spikelets 3 per node, Spikelets distichously arranged, Spikelets bisexual, Inflorescence disarticulating between nodes or joints of rachis, rachis fragmenting, Spikelets disarticulating below the glumes, Spikelets falling with parts of disarticulating rachis or pedicel, Spikelets closely appressed or embedded in concave portions of axis, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes equal or subequal, Glumes equal to or longer than adjacent lemma, Glumes awn-like, elongated or subulate, Glumes awned, awn 1-5 mm or longer, Glumes 1 nerved, Glumes 3 nerved, Lemma coriaceous, firmer or thicker in texture than the glumes, Lemma 5-7 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma apex acute or acuminate, Lemma mucronate, very shortly beaked or awned, less than 1-2 mm, Lemma distinctly awned, more than 2-3 mm, Lemma with 1 awn, Lemma awn 2-4 cm long or longer, Lemma awned from tip, Lemma awn from sinus of bifid apex, Lemma awns straight or curved to base, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea membranous, hyaline, Palea about equal to lemma, Palea 2 nerved or 2 keeled, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis, Caryopsis ellipsoid, longitudinally grooved, hilum long-linear, Caryopsis hairy at apex.
Hordeum jubatum
(
Asturiano
)
fornecido por wikipedia AST
Hordeum jubatum ye una especie de planta yerbácea perteneciente a la familia Poaceae que se distribúin por China, Rusia, Canadá y EE. XX..
Descripción
Ye una planta yerbácea con tarmu de caña bueca que presenta entrenudos, calla tarmu presenta una espiga. Les fueyes formada por vaina basal y llámina, xuníes pola lígula. El so espiga ye la inflorescencia de la planta que se considera allongamientu del tarmu como en toes la gramínees.
Taxonomía
Hordeum jubatum describióse por Carlos Linneo y espublizóse en Species Plantarum 1: 85. 1753.[1]
- Etimoloxía
Hordeum: nome antiguu llatín pa la cebada.[2]
jubatum: epítetu llatín que significa "con crestes"[3]
- Sinonimia
Ver tamién
Referencies
-
↑ «Hordeum jubatum». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultáu'l 12 de payares de 2014.
-
↑ (n'inglés) Watson L, Dallwitz MJ. (2008). «The grass xenera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references». The Grass Xenera of the World. Consultáu'l 1 de febreru de 2010.
-
↑ N'Epítetos Botánicos
-
↑ Hordeum jubatum en PlantList consultáu'l 18 de mayu de 2011
Bibliografía
- CONABIO. 2009. Catálogu taxonómicu d'especies de Méxicu. 1. In Capital Nat. Méxicu. CONABIO, Mexico City.
- Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson.
- Cronquist, A.J., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren & Reveal. 1977. Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. 6: 1–584. In A.J. Cronquist, A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal & P. K. Holmgren (eds.) Intermount. Fl.. Hafner Pub. Co., New York.
- Darke, R. 1999. Color Encycl. Ornam. Grasses 1–325. Timber Press, Portland.
- Espeyu Serna, A., A. R. López-Ferrari & J. Valdés-Reyna. 2000. Poaceae. Monocot. Mexic. Sinopsis Floríst. 10: 7–236 [and index].
- Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York.
- Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2006. Flora of China (Poaceae). 22: 1–733. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
- Gleason, H. A. & A.J. Cronquist. 1968. The Pteridophytoa, Gymnospermae and Monocotyledoneae. 1: 1–482. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N. O.S.. New York Botanical Garden, New York.
Enllaces esternos
Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Botánica, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies.
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Hordeum jubatum: Brief Summary
(
Asturiano
)
fornecido por wikipedia AST
Hordeum jubatum Hordeum jubatum ye una especie de planta yerbácea perteneciente a la familia Poaceae que se distribúin por China, Rusia, Canadá y EE. XX..
Vista de la planta
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Hordeum jubatum
(
Azerbaijano
)
fornecido por wikipedia AZ
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Hordeum jubatum: Brief Summary
(
Azerbaijano
)
fornecido por wikipedia AZ
Hordeum jubatum (lat. Hordeum jubatum) - qırtıckimilər fəsiləsinin arpa cinsinə aid bitki növü.
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Haidd cribog
(
Galês
)
fornecido por wikipedia CY
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Haidd cribog: Brief Summary
(
Galês
)
fornecido por wikipedia CY
Planhigyn blodeuol Monocotaidd a math o wair yw Haidd cribog sy'n enw gwrywaidd. Mae'n perthyn i'r teulu Poaceae. Yr enw gwyddonol (Lladin) yw Hordeum jubatum a'r enw Saesneg yw Foxtail barley. Ceir enwau Cymraeg eraill ar y planhigyn hwn gan gynnwys Heiddwellt Cribog.
Gall dyfu bron mewn unrhyw fan gan gynnwys gwlyptiroedd, coedwigoedd a thwndra. Dofwyd ac addaswyd y planhigyn gan ffermwyr dros y milenia; chwiorydd i'r planhigyn hwn yw: india corn, gwenith, barlys, reis ac ŷd.
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Mähnen-Gerste
(
Alemão
)
fornecido por wikipedia DE
Die Mähnen-Gerste (Hordeum jubatum)[1] ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Gerste (Hordeum) innerhalb der Familie der Süßgräser (Poaceae).
Beschreibung
Erscheinungsbild und Blatt
Die Mähnen-Gerste wächst als ausdauernde krautige Pflanze und erreicht Wuchshöhen von 20 bis 50,[1] selten bis zu 60 Zentimetern. Der Halm besitzt drei bis fünf Knoten (Nodien). Die Laubblätter sind im Sommer grün und weich überhängend. Die Stängelblätter sind auf beiden Seiten dicht behaart.[1] Die Blattspreite ist flach.
Blütenstand
Die Blütezeit liegt im Hochsommer. Die endständigen, überhängenden ährigen Blütenstände sind seidig silberweiß,[1] färben sich gegen Sommerende beige und haben oft einen leichten Rotstich. In einem ährigen Blütenstand stehen drei bis sechs Ährchen dicht zusammen.[1] Die Ährchen sind einblütig und ohne grundständige Borsten. Nur die mittleren Ährchen sind gestielt. Die Deckspelzen besitzen 5 bis 8 Zentimeter lange Grannen.[1]
Chromosomensatz
Dieser Artikel oder nachfolgende Abschnitt ist nicht hinreichend mit
Belegen (beispielsweise
Einzelnachweisen) ausgestattet. Angaben ohne ausreichenden Beleg könnten demnächst entfernt werden. Bitte hilf Wikipedia, indem du die Angaben recherchierst und
gute Belege einfügst.
Die Mähnen-Gerste ist mit einer Chromosomenzahl von 2n = 28 tetraploid. Entstanden ist sie durch die Kreuzung (Hybridisierung) einer zentralasiatischen Gerstenart mit der nordamerikanischen Art Hordeum brachyantherum (oder einer damit nahe verwandten aber heute ausgestorbenen Art).
Vorkommen
Die Mähnen-Gerste stammt ursprünglich aus dem nördlichen Nordamerika (Alaska, Kanada), und Asien vom nordöstlichen Sibirien bis zum Kaukasus.[2] Sie wird in Gärten kultiviert und ist häufig als „Gartenflüchtling“ ausgewildert, so dass diese Art heute in vielen Regionen der Welt als „Unkraut“ vorkommt. Sie gedeiht auf frischen, nährstoffreichen, zum Teil salzhaltigen Böden in humiden Klima. Sie wächst in Gesellschaften der Verbände Sisymbrion oder Agropyro-Rumicion am Rand salzgestreuter Straßen.[3]
Die Mähnen-Gerste bevorzugt sonnige Standorte und ist salztolerant.
Quellen
Einzelnachweise
-
↑ a b c d e f Hordeum jubatum L., Mähnen-Gerste. FloraWeb.de
-
↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Hrsg.): Hordeum jubatum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) – The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, abgerufen am 15. November 2016.
-
↑ Erich Oberdorfer: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora für Deutschland und angrenzende Gebiete. Unter Mitarbeit von Angelika Schwabe und Theo Müller. 8., stark überarbeitete und ergänzte Auflage. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5, S. 236.
Literatur
-
Roland von Bothmer, Niols Jacobsen, Claus Baden, Rikke B. Jørgensen & Ib Linde-Laursen: An ecogeographical study of the genus Hordeum, 2nd ed.. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, 1995, ISBN 92-9043-229-2.
- Frank R. Blattner: Phylogenetic analysis of Hordeum (Poaceae) as inferred by nuclear rDNA ITS sequences. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33, Nr. 2, 2004, S. 289–299. „no“
- Frank R. Blattner: Multiple intercontinental dispersals shaped the distribution area of Hordeum (Poaceae). In: New Phytologist. 169, Nr. 3, 2006, S. 603–614. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01610.x. „no“
Weblinks
– Album mit Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
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Mähnen-Gerste: Brief Summary
(
Alemão
)
fornecido por wikipedia DE
Die Mähnen-Gerste (Hordeum jubatum) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Gerste (Hordeum) innerhalb der Familie der Süßgräser (Poaceae).
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Киис кутуруга
(
Sakha
)
fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages
Киис кутуруга (нууч. ячмень гривастый, дикий ячмень, лат. Hordeum jubatum L.) - нэчимиэннии кылыстаах, кылгас умнастаах, өтөххө, бааһынаҕа үүнэр элбэх сыллаах сыыс от[1].
Өссө маны көр
Быһаарыылар
-
↑ Саха тылын быһаарыылаах улахан тылдьыта. IV туом, Новосибирскай, Наука, 2007
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Hordeum jubatum
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Hordeum jubatum, with common names foxtail barley,[2] bobtail barley,[2] squirreltail barley,[2] and intermediate barley,[2] is a perennial plant species in the grass family Poaceae. It occurs wild mainly in northern North America and adjacent northeastern Siberia. However, as it escaped often from gardens it can be found worldwide in areas with temperate to warm climates, and is considered a weed in many countries. The species is a polyploid and originated via hybridization of an East Asian Hordeum species with a close but extinct relative of Californian H. brachyantherum. It is grown as an ornamental plant for its attractive inflorescences and when done flowering for its inflorescence.
Properties
Foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum) propagates by seed. It is known for its ability to tolerate saline soils but is capable of productive growth on soil types ranging from loamy to clayey soils with pH's of 6.4 to 9.5. The upper limit of soil NaCl for productive growth and development is 1.0%. Foxtail barley is also adapted to a wide range of moisture regimes from dry to wet. Although this species is generally found on moist sites, it can withstand drought-like conditions. It is commonly found in lowland areas with restricted soil drainage, disturbed sites, waste areas and fields. Foxtail barley is a pioneer species or invader in disturbed areas and in areas with high salinity. It is among the first grasses to establish after disturbance and rapidly invades areas exposed by a receding water table.
Seedling
Foxtail barley is a prolific seed producer, with each plant capable of producing upwards of 200 seeds. Seeds are elliptical, yellowish-brown and about a 0.25 inches (0.64 cm) long with four to eight awns. The seeds have sharp, backwards pointing barbs. Seed is dispersed by wind, machinery and animals and germinates in the cooler temperatures of the spring or fall. Seed germinating in the fall can overwinter and resume growth in early spring, giving Foxtail barley a competitive advantage over many crops. Germination is inhibited by warm temperatures and seeds require a period of darkness for germination to occur. Foxtail barley is a shallow-rooted plant with germination occurring at soil depths not greater than 3 inches (7.6 cm). The seedling of foxtail barley first appears as thin, vertical leaves covered in short, dense hairs. The leaves have prominent venation and rough margins, while auricles are absent or elemental and the membranous ligule is very short with fine hairs.
Juvenile/mature
Foxtail barley is a fibrous-rooted, densely tufted grass that grows from 30–100 centimetres (12–39 in) tall and is erect or reclining at the base. The stems are erect and smooth and the leaf sheaths are split and hairy. The inflorescence of the mature plant is a dense, long-awned nodding spike with greenish or purplish colouring. The jointed rachis breaks into sharply pointed segments with three spikelets composing each segment. Only the central spikelet has one creamy coloured seed while each segment has seven awns with upward pointing barbs. These awns are up to 3 inches (7.6 cm) long and become easily attached to animals, clothing, machinery, etc. Leaf blades are slender and a greyish-green colour.
Ecological impact
Foxtail barley is distinguished from cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Meadow barley (Hordeum brachyantherum) by lemma awn length. H. brachyantherum has awn lengths of 0.5 inches (1.3 cm); Foxtail barley has lengths of 0.5–3 inches (1.3–7.6 cm); and cultivated barley of 10–15 centimetres (3.9–5.9 in) in length. Once foxtail barley is established, it becomes extremely difficult to eradicate. Its extensive root systems and aggressive habit, as well as its ability to tolerate saline soils make it a resilient competitor. It is considered a weed because of this competitive ability and the dangers it poses to wildlife and livestock. While foxtail barley may be palatable for animals in early spring before it flowers, its seed heads, when dry, are very harmful to grazing animals.[3] The awns can harm animals,[4] as their upward-pointing barbs become easily attached and embedded in the animal's mouth and face, causing severe irritation, abscesses, and even blindness. In horses in can cause painful ulcers and excessive salivation resulting in eating difficulties.[5]
Foxtail barley is also host to a number of viruses, and because it harbours wheat rust and blackstem rust, can indirectly affect the development of field crops. Since foxtail barley accumulates high amounts of salt in its leaves and roots, it has the potential of reducing soil salinity. Given foxtail barley's ability to withstand saline soils, it has been identified as having potential for the revegetation of saline mine spoils to reduce erosion. It has also been recommended as a species suitable for wildlife habitat rehabilitation on disturbed lands, but given its other less desirable traits, other natural grass species would be more beneficial.
Ethnobotanical uses
Foxtail barley has been recorded as having varied uses among Native North American societies. The Chippewa and Potawatomi used the root as medicine; the Kawaiisu pounded and ate the seeds dry, or used the plant as a tool to rub the skin off yucca stalks. Jacques Rousseau noted Iroquois children placing the dried seed heads in the sleeves of others as a prank. The Ramah Navajo considered the plant poisonous and avoided it.[6]
References
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Hordeum jubatum: Brief Summary
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Hordeum jubatum, with common names foxtail barley, bobtail barley, squirreltail barley, and intermediate barley, is a perennial plant species in the grass family Poaceae. It occurs wild mainly in northern North America and adjacent northeastern Siberia. However, as it escaped often from gardens it can be found worldwide in areas with temperate to warm climates, and is considered a weed in many countries. The species is a polyploid and originated via hybridization of an East Asian Hordeum species with a close but extinct relative of Californian H. brachyantherum. It is grown as an ornamental plant for its attractive inflorescences and when done flowering for its inflorescence.
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Hordeum jubatum
(
Esperanto
)
fornecido por wikipedia EO
Hordeum jubatum estas specio de hordeo (pooideoj). Ĝi devenas el nordameriko. Ĝi estas uzata kiel ornamplanto.
Priskribo
Ĝi estas staŭda aŭ unujara. Ĝi altas 40-60 cm sed ankaŭ ĝis 80 cm. Ĝi havas longajn aristojn.
Fontoj kaj dokumentoj
(2011) “Hordeum jubatum”, L'ami des jardins et de la maison (speciala numero), p. paĝo 54.
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Hordeum jubatum: Brief Summary
(
Esperanto
)
fornecido por wikipedia EO
Hordeum jubatum estas specio de hordeo (pooideoj). Ĝi devenas el nordameriko. Ĝi estas uzata kiel ornamplanto.
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Hordeum jubatum
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por wikipedia ES
Hordeum jubatum es una especie de planta herbácea de la familia Poaceae que se distribuyen por China, Rusia, Canadá y EE. UU..
Descripción
Es una planta herbácea con tallo de caña hueca que presenta entrenudos, cada tallo presenta una espiga. Las hojas formadas por vainas basales y láminas, unidas por la lígula. Su espiga es la inflorescencia de la planta que se considera prolongación del tallo como en todas la gramíneas.
Taxonomía
Hordeum jubatum fue descrita por Carlos Linneo y publicado en Species Plantarum 1: 85. 1753.[1]
- Etimología
Hordeum: nombre antiguo latino para la cebada.[2]
jubatum: epíteto latíno que significa "con crestas"[3]
- Sinonimia
Referencias
-
↑ «Hordeum jubatum». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 12 de noviembre de 2014.
-
↑ (en inglés) Watson L, Dallwitz MJ. (2008). «The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references». The Grass Genera of the World. Consultado el 1 de febrero de 2010.
-
↑ En Epítetos Botánicos
-
↑ Hordeum jubatum en PlantList consultado el 18 de mayo de 2011
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Hordeum jubatum: Brief Summary
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por wikipedia ES
Hordeum jubatum es una especie de planta herbácea de la familia Poaceae que se distribuyen por China, Rusia, Canadá y EE. UU..
Ejemplar en Alaska.
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Lakkoder
(
Estônio
)
fornecido por wikipedia ET
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Lakkoder: Brief Summary
(
Estônio
)
fornecido por wikipedia ET
Lakkoder (Hordeum jubatum) on kõrreliste sugukonda arvatud taimeliik.
Taim kasvatatakse Eestis dekoratiivtaimena aedades. Harva võib ta ka metsistuda.
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Partaohra
(
Finlandês
)
fornecido por wikipedia FI
Partaohra (Hordeum jubatum) on ohrien sukuun kuuluva yksi- tai monivuotinen heinäkasvilaji. Sitä viljellään yksivuotisena koristekasvina.
Ulkonäkö
Partaohra kasvaa 20–40 senttimetriä korkeaksi. Sen korsi on kapea, kalju. Lehti on korvakkeeton. Lehtilapa on litteä, 2–5 millimetriä leveä, alta karvainen. Kukinto on 3–8 cm pitkä tiheä kerrannaistähkä, usein punertavan- tai sinertävänvihreä. Nivelet kolmitähkyläisiä, tähkylät yksikukkaisia, vihneet 3–10 cm pitkät.[2]
Levinneisyys
Partaohra on kotoisin Itä-Aasiasta ja Pohjois-Amerikasta. Lajia tavataan tulokkaana kaikissa Pohjoismaissa ja osassa muuta Eurooppaa, Aasiassa ja Pohjois-Amerikassa. Suomessa partaohraa viljellään koristekasvina. Se kasvaa satunnaisena uustulokkaana eri puolilla maata: rata- ja myllypihoilla, lastaus- ja kaatopaikoilla, tienvarsilla. Uudellamaalla laji on vakiintunut tulokas.[2][3]
Lähteet
-
↑ Hordeum jubatum IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. (englanniksi)
-
↑ a b Pinkka – Lajintuntemuksen oppimisympäristö: Partaohra (Hordeum jubatum)
-
↑ Hämet-Ahti, Leena, Suominen, Juha, Ulvinen, Tauno & Uotila, Pertti (toim.): Retkeilykasvio, 4. uudistettu painos. Helsinki: Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo, Kasvimuseo, 1998. ISBN 951-45-8167-9.
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Partaohra: Brief Summary
(
Finlandês
)
fornecido por wikipedia FI
Partaohra (Hordeum jubatum) on ohrien sukuun kuuluva yksi- tai monivuotinen heinäkasvilaji. Sitä viljellään yksivuotisena koristekasvina.
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Hordeum jubatum
(
Francês
)
fornecido por wikipedia FR
Hordeum jubatum, communément appelée orge à crinière ou orge barbue ou orge queue-d'écureuil[1] est une plante herbacée de la famille des Poaceae. En latin, jubatus signifie avec une crinière [2].
Description
L'Hordeum jubatum est une plante herbacée vivace éphémère haute de 60 cm. Elle forme une touffe lâche et érigée d'une soixantaine de centimètres de hauteur aux feuilles rubanées vert clair. Les inflorescences apparaissent en début d'été. Les épis d'environ dix centimètres de longueur, gracieusement recourbés, sont formés d'épillets pourvus de fines barbes soyeuses. D'abord vert clair, joliment nuancé de rose pourpré, ils blondissent au fil des semaines, évoquant alors la crinière d'un cheval et justifiant l'appellation courante de l'espèce.[3],[4].
Habitat
L'Hordeum jubatum apprécie une terre très drainante, légère et ensoleillée où elle se ressème facilement[4].
Répartition
Originaire d'Asie et d'Amérique du Nord[4].
Notes et références
Voir aussi
Références taxonomiques
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Hordeum jubatum: Brief Summary
(
Francês
)
fornecido por wikipedia FR
Hordeum jubatum, communément appelée orge à crinière ou orge barbue ou orge queue-d'écureuil est une plante herbacée de la famille des Poaceae. En latin, jubatus signifie avec une crinière .
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Hriwaty ječmjeń
(
Sorábio superior
)
fornecido por wikipedia HSB
Hriwaty ječmjeń (Hordeum jubatum) je rostlina ze swójby słódkich trawow (Poaceae).
Wopisanje
Stejnišćo
Rozšěrjenje
Wužiwanje
Noty
-
↑ Prawopisny słownik, Hornjoserbski słownik, ISBN 3-7420-1920-1, strona 176
-
↑ W internetowym słowniku: Gerste
Žórła
- Brankačk, Jurij: Wobrazowy słownik hornjoserbskich rostlinskich mjenow na CD ROM. Rěčny centrum WITAJ, wudaće za serbske šule. Budyšin 2005.
- Kubát, K. (Hlavní editor): Klíč ke květeně České republiky. Academia, Praha (2002)
- Lajnert, Jan: Rostlinske mjena. Serbske. Němske. Łaćanske. Rjadowane po přirodnym systemje. Volk und Wissen Volkseigener Verlag Berlin (1954)
- Rězak, Filip: Němsko-serbski wšowědny słownik hornjołužiskeje rěče. Donnerhak, Budyšin (1920)
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
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Hriwaty ječmjeń: Brief Summary
(
Sorábio superior
)
fornecido por wikipedia HSB
Hriwaty ječmjeń (Hordeum jubatum) je rostlina ze swójby słódkich trawow (Poaceae).
- licença
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Hordeum jubatum
(
Italiano
)
fornecido por wikipedia IT
L'orzo a criniera (nome scientifico Hordeum jubatum L., 1753 è una specie di pianta spermatofita monocotiledone appartenente alla famiglia Poaceae (sottofamiglia Pooideae ex Graminaceae).[1]
Etimologia
Il nome generico (Hordeum) è un nome romano dell'orzo.[2] L'epiteto specifico (jubatum) deriva da due parole greche "jubum" (= criniera) e "ata" (= possente) e ricorda le infiorescenze simili ad una coda di volpe.[3]
Il nome scientifico della specie è stato definito da Linneo (1707 – 1778), conosciuto anche come Carl von Linné, biologo e scrittore svedese considerato il padre della moderna classificazione scientifica degli organismi viventi, nella pubblicazione "Species Plantarum" (Sp. Pl. 1: 85 - 1753)[4] del 1753.[1]
Descrizione
Spighetta generica con tre fiori diversi
Queste piante arrivano ad una altezza di 4 - 7 dm e in genere sono lisce e glabre. La forma biologica è emicriptofita scaposa (H scap), ossia in generale sono piante erbacee, a ciclo biologico perenne, con gemme svernanti al livello del suolo e protette dalla lettiera o dalla neve e sono dotate di un asse fiorale eretto e spesso privo di foglie.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
Radici
Le radici sono fascicolate.
Fusto
La parte aerea del fusto è un culmo gracile, eretto (o decombente), nudo in alto per almeno un terzo della lunghezza. La base può essere ingrossata (non bulbosa) a causa di guaine persistenti. I nodi sono 3 - 5. Diametro del culmo: 2 mm.
Foglie
Le foglie lungo il culmo sono disposte in modo alterno, sono distiche e si originano dai vari nodi. Sono composte da una guaina, una ligula e una lamina. Le venature sono parallelinervie. Non sono presenti i pseudopiccioli e, nell'epidermide delle foglia, le papille.
- Guaina: la guaina è abbracciante il fusto; sono presenti dei padiglioni auricolari; la guaina ha una superficie sparsamente villosa o quasi glabra.
- Ligula: la ligula è subnulla.
- Lamina: la lamina è piana o convoluta. Il colore è verde o verde violaceo. Dimensioni della lamina: larghezza della lamina: 1,5 – 4 mm; lunghezza 6 – 12 cm.
Infiorescenza
Infiorescenza principale (sinfiorescenza o semplicemente spiga): le infiorescenze, di tipo racemoso terminale (un racemo per infiorescenza), hanno la forma di una spiga sottile, eretta e densa formata da diverse spighette. Le spighette sono ternate; quelle laterali sono pedicellate e sterili, la centrale è sessile e fertile. La fillotassi dell'inflorescenza inizialmente è a due livelli (o a due ranghi[13]), anche se le successive ramificazioni la fa apparire a spirale. Il colore spesso è screziato di violaceo. Il rachide è flessibile e gracile con margini pubescenti. Dimensione della spiga: larghezza 7 mm; lunghezza 40 – 50 mm (massimo 80 mm).
Spighetta
Infiorescenza secondaria (o spighetta): le spighette, compresse lateralmente con forme da ellittiche a oblunghe, sottese da due brattee distiche e strettamente sovrapposte chiamate glume (inferiore e superiore), sono formate da un fiore. Alla base di ogni fiore sono presenti due brattee: la palea e il lemma con delle evidenti reste. Le reste hanno un portamento patente e conferisce alla spiga un caratteristico aspetto crinito. La disarticolazione avviene con la rottura della rachilla sotto ogni fiore fertile; oppure può cadere l'intera spighetta.
- Glume: le glume sono ridotte a delle semplici reste.
- Palea: la palea è un profillo lanceolato con alcune venature e margini cigliati.
- Lemma: il lemma ha una forma lanceolata con resta. Lunghezza del lemma: 7 mm. Lunghezza della resta: 40 – 60 mm.
Fiore
I fiori fertili sono attinomorfi formati da 3 verticilli: perianzio ridotto, androceo e gineceo.
- Formula fiorale. Per la famiglia di queste piante viene indicata la seguente formula fiorale:[6]
-
*, P 2, A (1-)3(-6), G (2–3) supero, cariosside.
Frutti
I frutti sono dei cariosside, ossia sono dei piccoli chicchi indeiscenti avvolti dalle glume, con forme da ovate a oblunghe, nei quali il pericarpo è formato da una sottile parete che circonda il singolo seme. In particolare il pericarpo è fuso al seme ed è aderente. L'endocarpo non è indurito e l'ilo è lungo e lineare. L'embrione è provvisto di epiblasto; ha inoltre un solo cotiledone altamente modificato (scutello senza fessura) in posizione laterale. I margini embrionali della foglia non si sovrappongono. L'endosperma è farinoso. Dimensione del cariosside: 4 x 10 mm.
Riproduzione
Come gran parte delle Poaceae, le specie di questo genere si riproducono per impollinazione anemogama. Gli stigmi più o meno piumosi sono una caratteristica importante per catturare meglio il polline aereo. La dispersione dei semi avviene inizialmente a opera del vento (dispersione anemocora) e una volta giunti a terra grazie all'azione di insetti come le formiche (mirmecoria). In particolare i frutti di queste erbe possono sopravvivere al passaggio attraverso le budella dei mammiferi e possono essere trovati a germogliare nello sterco.[14]
Distribuzione e habitat
Distribuzione della pianta
(Distribuzione regionale
[15] – Distribuzione alpina
[16])
- Geoelemento: il tipo corologico (area di origine) è Est-Asiatico / Nordamericano.
- Distribuzione: si tratta di una pianta originaria del Nord America e dell'Asia orientale; in Italia è avventizia con alcune presenze nel Nord-Est. Nelle Alpi si trova nel Trentino-Alto Adige e nel Bellunese. Fuori dall'Italia, sempre nelle Alpi, questa specie si trova in Svizzera (cantoni Vallese e Grigioni), in Austria si trova nella maggior parte dei Länder meridionali). Sugli altri rilievi europei collegati alle Alpi si trova nella Foresta Nera.[16]
- Habitat: gli habitat tipici per questa pianta sono gli ambienti ruderali, le aree abbandonate, la base dei muri, scarpate e luoghi calpestati. Il substrato preferito è calcareo ma anche siliceo con pH neutro, medi valori nutrizionali del terreno che deve essere secco.[16]
- Distribuzione altitudinale: sui rilievi queste piante si possono trovare fino a quote montane (circa 2,000 m s.l.m.). Nelle Alpi frequentano quindi i seguenti piani vegetazionali: collinare e montano (oltre a quello planiziale).
Fitosociologia
Dal punto di vista fitosociologico alpino la specie di questa voce appartiene alla seguente comunità vegetale:[16] Formazione: delle comunità terofitiche pioniere nitrofile.
-
- Formazione: delle comunità terofiche pioniere nitrofile
-
- Classe: Stellarietea mediae
-
Tassonomia
La famiglia di appartenenza di questa specie (Poaceae) comprende circa 650 generi e 9 700 specie (secondo altri Autori 670 generi e 9 500[8]). Con una distribuzione cosmopolita è una delle famiglie più numerose e più importanti del gruppo delle monocotiledoni e di grande interesse economico: tre quarti delle terre coltivate del mondo produce cereali (più del 50% delle calorie umane proviene dalle graminacee). La famiglia è suddivisa in 11 sottofamiglie, il genere Hordeum è descritto all'interno della sottofamiglia Pooideae con oltre 40 specie distribuite nelle regioni temperate del nord in tutto il mondo.[5][6]
Filogenesi
Il genere della specie di questa voce è descritto all'interno della tribù Triticeae (supertribù Triticodae T.D. Macfarl. & L. Watson, 1982). La supertribù Triticodae comprende tre tribù: Littledaleeae, Bromeae e Triticeae. All'interno della supertribù, la tribù Triticeae forma un "gruppo fratello" con la tribù Bromeae.[17]
Il genere Hordeum comprende solamente piante poliploidi con i genomi designati "H, I, X, e Y". Inoltre questo genere è stato soggetto ad una "evoluzione reticolata"[18] per fenomeni di ibridazione, o per il trasferimento orizzontale di geni ma anche per l’endosimbiosi.[5]
Il numero cromosomico per H. jubatum è: 2n = 28.[19]
Sinonimi
Questa entità ha avuto nel tempo diverse nomenclature. L'elenco seguente indica alcuni tra i sinonimi più frequenti:[10]
-
Critesion adscendens (Kunth) Á.Löve
-
Critesion geniculatum Raf.
-
Critesion jubatum (L.) Nevski
-
Elymus jubatus (L.) Link
-
Hordeum adscendens Kunth
-
Hordeum caespitosum Scribn.
-
Hordeum jubatum var. caespitosum (Scribn.) Hitchc.
-
Hordeum jubatum subsp. intermedium Bowden
-
Hordeum jubatum var. pampeanum Hauman
-
Hordeum pampeanum (Hauman) Herter
-
Hordeum pubiflorum var. pampeanum (Hauman) Melderis
Note
-
^ a b The International Plant Names Index, su ipni.org. URL consultato il 29 maggio 2020.
-
^ Etymo Grasses 2007, pag. 139.
-
^ Etymo Grasses 2007, pag. 150.
-
^ BHL - Biodiversity Heritage Library, su biodiversitylibrary.org. URL consultato il 29 maggio 2020.
-
^ a b c Kellogg 2015, pag. 227.
-
^ a b c Judd et al 2007, pag. 311.
-
^ Pignatti 1982, Vol. 3 - pag. 533.
-
^ a b Strasburger 2007, pag. 814.
-
^ Pasqua et al 2015, pag. 467.
-
^ a b World Checklist - Royal Botanic Gardens KEW, su powo.science.kew.org. URL consultato il 29 maggio 2020.
-
^ Motta 1960, vol.2 pag.470.
-
^ eFloras - Flora of China, su efloras.org. URL consultato il 29 maggio 2020.
-
^ Kellogg 2015, pag. 28.
-
^ Kellogg 2015, pag. 73.
-
^ Conti et al. 2005, pag. 112.
-
^ a b c d Aeschimann et al. 2004, Vol. 2 - pag. 938.
-
^ Soreng et al. 2017, pag.284.
-
^ Treccani, su treccani.it, p. evoluzione reticolata. URL consultato il 12 luglio 2019.
-
^ Tropicos Database, su legacy.tropicos.org. URL consultato il 29 maggio 2020.
Bibliografia
- Alfio Musmarra, Dizionario di botanica, Bologna, Edagricole, 1996.
- AA.VV., Flora Alpina. Volume secondo, Bologna, Zanichelli, 2004.
- F.Conti, G. Abbate, A.Alessandrini, C.Blasi, An annotated checklist of the Italian Vascular Flora, Roma, Palombi Editore, 2005, ISBN 88-7621-458-5.
- Elizabeth A. Kellogg, The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Volume XIII. Flowering Plants. Monocots. Poaceae., St. Louis, Missouri, USA, 2015.
- Judd S.W. et al, Botanica Sistematica - Un approccio filogenetico, Padova, Piccin Nuova Libraria, 2007, ISBN 978-88-299-1824-9.
- Sandro Pignatti, Flora d'Italia., Bologna, Edagricole, 1982, ISBN 88-506-2449-2.
- Giacomo Nicolini, Enciclopedia Botanica Motta., Milano, Federico Motta Editore., 1960.
- Strasburger E, Trattato di Botanica. Volume secondo, Roma, Antonio Delfino Editore, 2007, ISBN 88-7287-344-4.
- G. Pasqua, G. Abbate e C. Forni, Botanica Generale - Diversità vegetale, Padova, Piccin Nuova Libraria, 2015, ISBN 978-88-299-2718-0.
- Grass Phylogeny Working Group, Phylogeny and Classification of Poaceae (PDF), in Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, vol. 88, n. 3, 2001, pp. 373-457. URL consultato il 31 maggio 2020 (archiviato dall'url originale il 6 marzo 2016).
- Jeffery M. Saarela et al., A 250 plastome phylogeny of the grass family (Poaceae): topological support under different data partitions (PDF), in PeerJ, vol. 4299, 2018, pp. 1-71. URL consultato il 31 maggio 2020 (archiviato dall'url originale il 20 dicembre 2019).
- Robert J. Soreng et al., A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications, in JSE - Journal of Systematics and Evolution, vol. 55, n. 4, 2017, pp. 259-290.
- H. Trevor Clifford & Peter D. Bostock, Etymological Dictionary of Grasses, New York, Springer, 2007.
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Hordeum jubatum: Brief Summary
(
Italiano
)
fornecido por wikipedia IT
L'orzo a criniera (nome scientifico Hordeum jubatum L., 1753 è una specie di pianta spermatofita monocotiledone appartenente alla famiglia Poaceae (sottofamiglia Pooideae ex Graminaceae).
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Hordeum jubatum
(
Latin
)
fornecido por wikipedia LA
Hordeum jubatum (binomen a Carolo Linnaeo anno 1753 statutum) est species generis Hordei et familiae Poacearum. In America Septentrionali crescitur ibique ad frumentum et ad potionem, caffeo haud dissimilem, praeparandam adhibitum est.
Notae
Bibliographia
- Frank R. Blattner, "Multiple intercontinental dispersals shaped the distribution area of Hordeum (Poaceae)" in New Phytologist vol. 169 (2006) pp. 603–614 situs venalis
- Roland von Bothmer, Theo van Hintum, Helmut Knüpffer, Kazuhiro Sato, edd., Diversity in Barley (Hordeum vulgare) (Amstelodami: Elsevier Science, 2003. ISBN 9780080530475) pp. 154, 252 (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)
- Stephen Facciola, Cornucopia: a source book of edible plants (Vista: Kampong Publications, 1990) p. 155
- Thekla Pleines, Frank R. Blattner, "Phylogeographic Implications of an AFLP Phylogeny of the American Diploid Hordeum Species (Poaceae: Triticeae)" in Taxon vol. 57 (2008) pp. 875–881 situs venalis
Nexus externi

Vide
"Hordeum jubatum" apud
Vicispecies.
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Hordeum jubatum: Brief Summary
(
Latin
)
fornecido por wikipedia LA
Hordeum jubatum (binomen a Carolo Linnaeo anno 1753 statutum) est species generis Hordei et familiae Poacearum. In America Septentrionali crescitur ibique ad frumentum et ad potionem, caffeo haud dissimilem, praeparandam adhibitum est.
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Karčiuotasis miežis
(
Lituano
)
fornecido por wikipedia LT
Binomas Hordeum jubatum Karčiuotasis miežis (Hordeum jubatum) – miglinių (Poaceae) šeimos žolinis augalas. Kilęs iš Aliaskos, Kanados ir šiaurės rytų Sibiro.
Aukštis iki 60 cm. Žiedai susitelkę į varpą, padengtą labai ilgais ašutais. Dėl to kartais auginamas kaip dekoratyvinis augalas[1].
Šaltiniai
Vikiteka
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Karčiuotasis miežis: Brief Summary
(
Lituano
)
fornecido por wikipedia LT
Karčiuotasis miežis (Hordeum jubatum) – miglinių (Poaceae) šeimos žolinis augalas. Kilęs iš Aliaskos, Kanados ir šiaurės rytų Sibiro.
Aukštis iki 60 cm. Žiedai susitelkę į varpą, padengtą labai ilgais ašutais. Dėl to kartais auginamas kaip dekoratyvinis augalas.
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Jęczmień grzywiasty
(
Polonês
)
fornecido por wikipedia POL
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Jęczmień grzywiasty (Hordeum jubatum) – gatunek rośliny należący do rodziny wiechlinowatych. Pochodzi z Azji i Ameryki Północnej, rozprzestrzenił się na wszystkich kontynentach całego świata (z wyjątkiem Antarktydy)[2]. W Polsce jest uprawiany jako roślina ozdobna, zdziczała z uprawy rozprzestrzeniła się też w środowisku naturalnym i jest obecnie antropofitem zadomowionym[3]
Morfologia
- Łodyga
- Niezgrubiałe w nasadzie źdźbła wysokości 20-50(60) cm. Roślina tworzy dość gęste kępy
- Kwiaty
- Zebrane w jednokwiatowe kłoski tworzące długi, przeginający się kłos. Wyposażone są w długie na 3-8 cm wolne w nasadzie plewy, które po dojrzeniu szeroko odstają na boki. Dolne plewki w dolnej części kłosa są ośmiokształtne.
- Owoc
- Ziarniak
Biologia i ekologia
Roślina jednoroczna. Kwitnie od czerwca do września, jest wiatropylna. Liczba chromosomów 2n = 28 (14, 42).
Zmienność
Występuje w dwóch podgatunkach[2]:
-
Hordeum jubatum subsp. intermedium , syn. Critesion jubatum (L.) Nevski
-
Hordeum jubatum subsp. jubatum, syn. Hordeum caespitosum Scribn., Hordeum jubatum var. caespitosum (Scribn.) Hitchc.
Zastosowanie i uprawa
Może być uprawiany jako ozdobna roślina na rabatach lub w kępach na trawniku (ładniej wygląda w małych kępach). Często jest uprawiany na kwiat cięty do bukietów, wiązanek itp. Nie ma specjalnych wymagań co do podłoża, ale preferuje gleby żyzne i przepuszczalne. Jest natomiast wrażliwy na brak wody; gleba musi być stale wilgotna. Stanowisko powinno być słoneczne. Rozmnaża się przez nasiona. Chcąc, aby zakwitł wcześniej można nasiona wczesną wiosna wysiać w ogrzewanym pomieszczeniu.
Przypisy
Bibliografia
- zbiorowe: A-Z encyklopedia. Rośliny ogrodowe. Könemann, 2005. ISBN 978-3-8331-1916-3.
- Lucjan Rutkowski: Klucz do oznaczania roślin naczyniowych Polski niżowej. Warszawa: Wyd. Naukowe PWN, 2006. ISBN 83-01-14342-8.
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Jęczmień grzywiasty: Brief Summary
(
Polonês
)
fornecido por wikipedia POL
Kłosy
Jęczmień grzywiasty (Hordeum jubatum) – gatunek rośliny należący do rodziny wiechlinowatych. Pochodzi z Azji i Ameryki Północnej, rozprzestrzenił się na wszystkich kontynentach całego świata (z wyjątkiem Antarktydy). W Polsce jest uprawiany jako roślina ozdobna, zdziczała z uprawy rozprzestrzeniła się też w środowisku naturalnym i jest obecnie antropofitem zadomowionym
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Ekorrkorn
(
Sueco
)
fornecido por wikipedia SV
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Ekorrkorn: Brief Summary
(
Sueco
)
fornecido por wikipedia SV
Ekorrkorn (Hordeum jubatum) är en växtart i familjen gräs.
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Hordeum jubatum
(
Ucraniano
)
fornecido por wikipedia UK
Опис
Багаторічна короткоживуча трав'яниста рослина 30–75 см завдовжки, росте в пучку; стебла прямостійні чи висхідні, гладкі, ≈2 мм в діаметрі; вузли коричневі. Лігула 0.2–0.5 мм завдовжки, урізана. Листові пластини 6–15 см × 2–4 мм; поверхня шершава, оголена чи запушена[1][2].
Колос зелений або пурпурно-зелений, до 5–10 см завдовжки, включаючи остюк, м'який. Бічні колоски: зведені до 1–3 розкидних остюків, рідше — чоловічі. Пиляків 3. Зернівки волохаті на вершині. 2n = 28[1][2].
Поширення
Поширений у Північній Америці (Канада США, Мексика [Баха-Норте]) й Азії (Росія, Китай [Хейлунцзян, Ляонін]); натуралізований у багатьох країнах світу: Новій Зеландії, Аргентині, Чилі, Лесото, Європі (Данія, Фінляндія, Норвегія, Швеція, Австрія, Бельгія, Чехія, Німеччина, Угорщина, Нідерланди, Польща, Словаччина, Швейцарія; Білорусь, Молдова, Росія [європейська частина], Україна, Румунія)[1][3][4]. Населяє луки, вологі землі[2].
Екологічний вплив
Велика коренева система, агресивна звичка, а також здатність переносити засолені ґрунти роблять цей вид стійким конкурентом. Хоча цей ячмінь може бути приємним для тварин ранньою весною, перш ніж зацвіте, його сухі остюки є дуже шкідливими для випасу тварин. Оскільки цей ячмінь накопичує велику кількість солі в листках і коріннях, він має потенціал зниження солоності ґрунту.
Галерея
Примітки
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Hordeum jubatum
(
Vietnamita
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fornecido por wikipedia VI
Hordeum jubatum là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hòa thảo. Loài này được L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.[1]
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Chú thích
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Hordeum jubatum: Brief Summary
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)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Hordeum jubatum là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hòa thảo. Loài này được L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.
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Ячмень гривастый
(
Russo
)
fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию
Вид: Ячмень гривастый
Международное научное название
Hordeum jubatum L., 1753
Синонимы
Систематика
на Викивидах
Изображения
на Викискладе ITIS 40871NCBI 4517EOL 1114454GRIN t:19308IPNI 405267-1TPL kew-419358 Ячме́нь грива́стый (лат. Hordéum jubátum) — травянистое растение, вид рода Ячмень (Hordeum) семейства Злаки (Poaceae).
Ботаническое описание
Плотнодерновинный многолетник с укороченным корневищем и тонкими гладкими стеблями высотой 15—50 см[2].
Листовые пластинки до 3—8 см длиной (не считая длины остей), густые, кверху расширяющиеся, с ломкой осью.
Колоски одноцветковые, собранные по три; средний из них сидячий, с остатком недоразвитого второго цветка, боковые — на ножках, недоразвитые. Колосковые чешуи волосовидные, оттопыренные, 3—6(7,5) см длиной. Нижняя цветковая чешуя среднего колоска 4——5 мм длиной, с волосовидной, обычно фиолетовой остью 2—9 см длиной[2]. Пыльники длиной 1,2—1,6 мм[3].
Плод — зерновка, узколиненйная, с бороздкой[4].
В Средней России цветёт в июле—августе, плодоносит в августе—сентябре[2].
Хромосомное число — 2n = 28[5]
Ареал и экология
Восточносибирский и североамериканский вид, занесённый в Среднюю Азию, Западную Сибирь, во многие районы европейской части, в том числе и по всей территории Средней России[2][3].
Встречается по железнодорожным насыпям, обочинам дорог, сорным местам[2].
Хозяйственное значение
Сорное[4] и декоративное растение, используется для составления сухих букетов[2]. В качестве декоративного растения культивируется с 1782 года[6].
На севере неустойчиво против выпаса. Поедаемость оленями требует выяснения[7].
Приносит большой вред земледелию и скотоводству. http://selchanka.com/articles/vlast-i-obschestvo/yachmen-grivastyiy-sornyak-opasnyiy.htm
Примечания
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↑ Об условности указания класса однодольных в качестве вышестоящего таксона для описываемой в данной статье группы растений см. раздел «Системы APG» статьи «Однодольные».
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↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Губанов и др., 2004.
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↑ 1 2 Киселёв К. В., Майоров С. Р., Новиков В. С. Флора средней полосы Россииː Атлас-определитель / Под ред. проф. В. С. Новикова. — М.: ЗАО «Фитон», 2010. — 544 с. — 1000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-93457-307-3. — С. 93—94.
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↑ 1 2 Рожевиц, 1934.
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↑ Цвелёв Н. Н. Краткий конспект злаков (Poaceae) Восточной Европыː начало системы (трибы Bambuseae — Bromeae) // Российская Академия наук. Новости систематики высших растений. — М.-СПб.: Тов-во научных изданий КМК, 2006. — Т. 38. — С. 96.
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↑ Полетико и Мишенкова, 1967.
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↑ Ларин И. В. и др. Кормовые растения сенокосов и пастбищ СССРː споровые, голосеменные и однодольные / Под ред. засл. деятеля науки проф. И. В. Ларина. — ВНИИ кормов им. В. Р. Вильямса. — М.-Л.: Сельхозгиз, 1950. — Т. 1. — 688 с. — 10 000 экз. — С. 512.
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Ячмень гривастый: Brief Summary
(
Russo
)
fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию
Ячме́нь грива́стый (лат. Hordéum jubátum) — травянистое растение, вид рода Ячмень (Hordeum) семейства Злаки (Poaceae).
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芒颖大麦草
(
Chinês
)
fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
芒颖大麦草: Brief Summary
(
Chinês
)
fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
芒颖大麦草(学名:Hordeum jubatum),为禾本科大麦属下的一个植物种。