dcsimg

Associations ( Inglês )

fornecido por BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK
Foodplant / parasite
Blumeria graminis parasitises live Hordeum jubatum

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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
BioImages
projeto
BioImages

Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por eFloras
Plants perennial, tufted, smooth and glabrous. Culms erect or decumbent at base, 30–60 cm tall, ca. 2 mm in diam., 3–5-noded. Leaf blade flat, 6–12 × 0.15–0.4 cm. Spike green or purplish green, nodding, 5–10 cm including awns, soft; rachis brittle. Lateral spikelets: reduced to 1–3 spreading awns, rarely male. Central spikelet:perfect; glumes spreading, awnlike, 2.5–6.5 cm, much longer than floret; lemma lanceolate 5–6(–8) mm, awn to 7 cm; palea equaling lemma. Fl. and fr. May–Aug. 2n = 28*.
licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
citação bibliográfica
Flora of China Vol. 22: 396, 398 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
fonte
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
projeto
eFloras.org
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
eFloras

Habitat & Distribution ( Inglês )

fornecido por eFloras
Meadows, moist land. Heilongjiang, Liaoning [temperate regions of the world].
licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
citação bibliográfica
Flora of China Vol. 22: 396, 398 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
fonte
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
projeto
eFloras.org
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
eFloras

Synonym ( Inglês )

fornecido por eFloras
Critesion geniculatum Rafinesque, nom. illeg. superfl.; C. jubatum (Linnaeus) Nevski; Elymus jubatus (Linnaeus) Link.
licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
citação bibliográfica
Flora of China Vol. 22: 396, 398 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
fonte
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
projeto
eFloras.org
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
eFloras

Broad-scale Impacts of Plant Response to Fire ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: prescribed fire, restoration

The Research Project Summary Vegetation response to restoration treatments
in ponderosa pine-Douglas-fir forests of western Montana
provides information
on prescribed fire and postfire response of plant community species, including
foxtail barley, that was not available when this species review was written.
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Common Names ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
foxtail barley
foxtail
squirreltail barley
squirreltail grass
foxtail grass
wild barley
skunktail
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Cover Value ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
The degree to which foxtail barley provides environmental protection
during one or more seasons for wildlife species is rated as follows [8]:

                         CO      MT      ND      UT      WY
Pronghorn               ----    ----    Poor    Poor    Poor
Elk                     ----    Poor    ----    Poor    Poor
Mule deer               ----    Poor    Poor    Poor    Poor
White-tailed deer       Poor    Fair    ----    Poor    ----
Small mammals           ----    Poor    ----    Fair    Good
Small nongame birds     ----    Poor    ----    Fair    Good
Upland game birds       Poor    Poor    ----    Fair    Fair
Waterfowl               ----    Good    Good    Fair    Fair
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: cool-season

Foxtail barley is a short-lived, native, perennial, cool-season grass
[1,14,26,32].  It has erect, slender stems, 1 to 2 feet (0.3-0.6 m)
tall, growing in thick bunches or tufts [23,26,38].  The roots are
fibrous [35].
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Distribution ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Foxtail barley is indigenous to the western United States [35].  It has
become naturalized in the East and now occurs throughout the United
States with the exception of the South Atlantic and Gulf Coast states
[2,17].  It occurs throughout most of Canada and some areas of Mexico
[35,45].
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Ecology ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: fire regime, seed

Foxtail barley will rapidly establish on disturbed sites through
off-site seed sources [15,35].

FIRE REGIMES :
Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Management Considerations ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: cool-season

As a general rule, undesirable cool-season grasses such as foxtail
barley can be reduced with late spring burns [41].
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification) ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic.

More info for the terms: chamaephyte, hemicryptophyte

   Chamaephyte
   Hemicryptophyte
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat characteristics ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: codominant, grassland, heath, shrub

Foxtail barley grows chiefly on grassland types on the plains and lower
foothills but also extends upward to subalpine elevations in the spruce
belt.  It is very common throughout the West, especially along roadsides
and other waste places, and in grain and hay fields [17,23,31,35].  It
reaches its greatest abundance on the edges of sloughs and salt marshes,
grassy slopes, and flatlands in the western prairies [4].  It is also
abundant in overgrazed sagebrush margins and irrigated meadows [14].  In
sagebrush, pinyon-juniper, salt-desert shrub, and plains grasslands
communities, it generally occurs in areas where extra water has
accumulated, such as sloughs and around stock-water developments [38].

Soils and salt-tolerance:  Foxtail barley grows well on a variety of
soil textures ranging from sandy loam to clay, with clay content varying
from 17 percent to 56 percent [34,45].  It requires fairly moist
conditions and cannot sustain itself during long dry periods [8,34].
Foxtail barley commonly occurs on soils with moderate salinity but can
also grow and reproduce under nonsaline conditions [34,45].  Foxtail
barley has a broad tolerance to variations in pH.  It occurs in areas
with a pH from 6.4 to 9.5, with a median value of 8.1 in the surface
soils [34].

Elevational range:  The elevational range of foxtail barley in several
western states is as follows [8]:

        Utah:  2,500 to 8,800 feet (762-2,682 m)
        Colorado:  3,400 to 10,400 feet (1,036-3,170 m)
        Wyoming:  3,500 to 9,400 feet (1,067-2,865 m)
        Montana:  2,100 to 3,900 feet (640-1,189 m)

Plant associates:  Foxtail barley may occur in relatively pure stands in
moderately saline communities or as a codominant with inland saltgrass
(Distichlis stricta var. stricta) and spearleaf saltweed (Atriplex
patula var.  hastata) [34].  Foxtail barley is also commonly associated
with coastal saltgrass (Distichlis spicata), nutka alkaligrass
(Puccinellia nutkaensis), Pursh seepweed (Suaeda depressa), heath aster
(Aster ericoides), field sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis), curly dock
(Rumex crispus), bluegrass (Poa spp.), and wheatgrass (Agropyron spp.)
[6,13,15,34].
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Cover Types ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):

      1  Jack pine
      5  Balsam fir
     12  Black spruce
     13  Black spruce - tamarack
     22  White pine - hemlock
     23  Eastern hemlock
     38  Tamarack
     32  Red spruce
     33  Red spruce - balsam fir
     34  Red spruce - Fraser fir
     31  Red spruce - sugar maple - beech
     35  Paper birch - red spruce - balsam fir
    206  Engelmann spruce - subalpine fir
    210  Interior Douglas-fir
    224  Western hemlock
    225  Western hemlock - Sitka spruce
    229  Pacific Douglas-fir
    230  Douglas-fir - western hemlock
    237  Interior ponderosa pine
    239  Pinyon - juniper
    244  Pacific ponderosa pine - Douglas-fir
    245  Pacific ponderosa pine
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Ecosystem ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):

More info for the term: shrub

   FRES10  White - red - jack pine
   FRES11  Spruce - fir
   FRES20  Douglas-fir
   FRES21  Ponderosa pine
   FRES23  Fir - spruce
   FRES24  Hemlock - Sitka spruce
   FRES29  Sagebrush
   FRES30  Desert shrub
   FRES34  Chaparral - mountain shrub
   FRES35  Pinyon - juniper
   FRES36  Mountain grasslands
   FRES37  Mountain meadows
   FRES38  Plains grasslands
   FRES39  Prairie
   FRES40  Desert grasslands
   FRES41  Wet grasslands
   FRES42  Annual grasslands
   FRES44  Alpine
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Plant Associations ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):

More info for the terms: bog, forest, shrub, woodland

   K001  Spruce - cedar - hemlock forest
   K010  Ponderosa shrub forest
   K011  Western ponderosa forest
   K012  Douglas-fir forest
   K015  Western spruce - fir forest
   K016  Eastern ponderosa forest
   K017  Black Hills pine forest
   K018  Pine - Douglas-fir forest
   K019  Arizona pine forest
   K021  Southwestern spruce - fir forest
   K023  Juniper - pinyon woodland
   K024  Juniper steppe woodland
   K027  Mesquite bosque
   K033  Chaparral
   K034  Montane chaparral
   K037  Mountain-mahogany - oak scrub
   K038  Great Basin sagebrush
   K039  Blackbrush
   K040  Saltbush - greasewood
   K041  Creosotebush
   K048  California steppe
   K049  Tule marshes
   K050  Fescue - wheatgrass
   K051  Wheatgrass - bluegrass
   K053  Grama - galleta steppe
   K055  Sagebrush steppe
   K056  Wheatgrass - needlegrass shrubsteppe
   K057  Galleta - three-awn shrubsteppe
   K060  Mesquite savanna
   K063  Foothills prairie
   K064  Grama - needlegrass - wheatgrass
   K065  Grama - buffalograss
   K066  Wheatgrass - needlegrass
   K067  Wheatgrass - bluestem - needlegrass
   K068  Wheatgrass - grama - buffalograss
   K069  Bluestem - grama prairie
   K070  Sandsage - bluestem prairie
   K074  Bluestem prairie
   K081  Oak savanna
   K093  Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
   K094  Conifer bog
   K095  Great Lakes pine forest
   K098  Northern floodplain forest
   K101  Elm - ash forest
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Immediate Effect of Fire ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: top-kill

Moderate fires with probably top-kill foxtail barley, and hot fires may
kill the underground root system.
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Importance to Livestock and Wildlife ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Many waterfowl species eat the seeds and occasionally the leaves of
foxtail barley [20].  Before flowering, foxtail barley is palatable to
livestock and big game.  Up to the time when seedheads develop, it is
fair to good forage for cattle and horses and fair for sheep [35].

Foxtail barley seedheads, when dry, are very harmful to all kinds of
grazing animals, particularly deer, elk, and pronghorn [35].  The
sharp-pointed joints of the spike, each with several long and slender
awns, stick in the nose and mouth of grazing animals, often penetrating
the flesh [24,35].  Infection caused by awns stuck in tissue can cause
necrotic sores and necrotic stomatitis, which in turn finally attacks
the bones and causes an abnormal enlargement as well as lumpy jaw and
pus-forming abscesses.  These infections may result in death of the
animal [35].
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Key Plant Community Associations ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Foxtail barley is a common riparian dominance type at low to
mid-elevations throughout Montana.  It occurs in disturbed areas,
meadows, basins, and drawdown areas, where soils are saline or alkaline
[15].
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Life Form ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: graminoid

Graminoid
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Management considerations ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Because of the damage foxtail barley can cause to livestock and other
animals, it is often considered a pasture weed [21,24,35].  Hay
containing foxtail barley is nearly valueless [24].  Additionally,
seedheads of this species can downgrade the value of wool or pelts,
causing further economic loss to ranchers [24].  Once established,
foxtail barley is hard to eradicate.  It increases under excessive
grazing pressure.  Dense stands are usually associated with some type of
disturbance, such as overgrazing, close mowing, or repeated burning
[14,29,45].

Seeding disturbed meadows and pastures with desirable, fast-growing
forage grasses is effective in reducing the amount of foxtail barley
that invades the site.  Additionally, conservative grazing can
facilitate the establishment of native, palatable grasses and reduce
foxtail barley [15,35].

Control with herbicides:  Forty-eight pounds of dalapon
(2,2-dichloropropionic acid) per acre (7.2 kg/ha) in water at 50 gallons
per acre (76 liters/ha) has been shown to give complete kill of foxtail
barley.  Lower rates of 16 and 32 pounds of dalapon per acre (2.4
kg/ha-4.8 kg/ha) allows some survival.  A combination of 30 pounds (4.5
kg/ha) of dalapon and 4 pounds (0.6 kg/ha) of amino triazole per acre
will also effectively control foxtail barley [36].  The herbicide
mefluidide is most effective in controlling foxtail barley when applied
near initiation of flowering [39].  In a meadow brome (Bromus spp.)
stand, the herbicide kerb at the rate of 0.5 pounds per acre ( 0.7
kg/ha) gave excellent control of foxtail barley without apparent
reduction of the meadow brome [18].
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Occurrence in North America ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
     AL  AK  AZ  AR  CA  CO  CT  DE  ID  IL
     IN  IA  KS  KY  ME  MD  MA  MI  MN  MS
     MO  MT  NE  NV  NH  NJ  NM  NY  ND  OH
     OK  OR  PA  RI  SD  TN  TX  UT  VT  WA
     WV  WI  WY  AB  BC  LB  MB  NB  NF  NT
     NS  ON  PQ  SK  YT  MEXICO
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Other uses and values ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Foxtail barley, cut before the awns have expanded, is sometimes used as
an ornamental in dry bouquets [24].
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Palatability ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
The palatability of foxtail barley to livestock and wildlife species in
several western states is rated as follows [8]:

                         CO      MT      ND      UT      WY
Cattle                  Fair    Poor    Fair    Fair    Poor
Sheep                   Fair    Fair    Fair    Poor    Fair
Horses                  Fair    ----    ----    Fair    Fair
Pronghorn               ----    Poor    Poor    Fair    Poor
Elk                     ----    Poor    ----    Good    Poor
Mule deer               ----    Poor    Poor    Fair    Poor
White-tailed deer       ----    Poor    Poor    ----    Poor
Small mammals           ----    ----    ----    Fair    Fair
Small nongame birds     ----    Fair    ----    Fair    ----
Upland game birds       ----    Poor    ----    Fair    Fair
Waterfowl               Good    Fair    ----    Fair    Fair
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Phenology ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic.

More info for the term: seed

Foxtail barley starts growth in April or May.  Flowering and seed set
generally occur from May until late July [2,33,34].
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Plant Response to Fire ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: culm

Foxtail barley generally recovers after fire through off-site seeds
[27].  Foxtail barley is most sensitive to spring fire that coincides
with its active growing period [41,42].  After a North Dakota prairie
fire in the spring of 1966, foxtail barley culm production was greatly
reduced [12].  However, the opposite was found to be true following a
1972 spring fire on a northwestern Minnesota prairie.  Here flowering
activity was stimulated [27].  Following a burn along the Missouri River
Breaks of central Montana, foxtail barley was one of the first grass
species to become established [44].
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Post-fire Regeneration ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
   Initial-offsite colonizer (off-site, initial community)
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regeneration Processes ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: marsh, seed, stratification

Sexual reproduction:  Foxtail barley is a prolific seeder.  Ripe
seedheads break up and are dispersed by wind or transported in the hair
of grazing animals [35].

Seed germination:  Foxtail barley produces two germination cohorts:  one
in the spring and one in the fall.  These two cohorts are important in
maintaining populations of foxtail barley [2].  On a saline marsh at
Rittman, Ohio, foxtail barley seed production per inflorescence was
greater with an increase in soil salinity [1].  Seed germination is
inhibited by warm summer temperatures, but seeds readily germinate when
exposed to cooler fall temperatures.  After cold stratification the
temperature range favorable for germination broadens.  Freezing
temperatures result in high seed mortality [1].  Seeds are capable of
germinating in 1.0 percent total salts or less. Germination decrease
when salinity increases past 1.0 percent [34].  Germination is
independent of light conditions [1].

Seedlings:  Foxtail barley seedlings can survive for several months at
salinities unfavorable for growth and reproduction.  In a marsh at
Rittman, Ohio, highest survival of fall and spring seedlings occurred in
the most saline lower marsh [2].

Vegetative reproduction:  Foxtail barley reproduces vegetatively by
tillering [33].
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regional Distribution in the Western United States ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic.

This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):

    1  Northern Pacific Border
    2  Cascade Mountains
    3  Southern Pacific Border
    4  Sierra Mountains
    5  Columbia Plateau
    6  Upper Basin and Range
    7  Lower Basin and Range
    8  Northern Rocky Mountains
    9  Middle Rocky Mountains
   10  Wyoming Basin
   11  Southern Rocky Mountains
   12  Colorado Plateau
   13  Rocky Mountain Piedmont
   14  Great Plains
   15  Black Hills Uplift
   16  Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Successional Status ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic.

More info for the terms: climax, grassland

Facultative Seral Species

Foxtail barley is a pioneer or invader in disturbed areas and in areas
with high salinity [10,15,20,43].  It is among the first grasses to
establish after disturbance and may become dominant in early seral
grassland communities.  It also occurs but is not dominant in some late
seral to climax grassland communities [29].  It rapidly invades areas
exposed by a receding water table.  If the water table becomes stabilized
at a high level, foxtail barley will ultimately be replaced by saltgrass
(Distichlis spp.) or common spikesedge (Eleocharis palustris) in saline
areas [10,20,43].
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Synonyms ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Critesion jubatum L. Nevski [3]
licença
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citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Taxonomy ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
The currently accepted scientific name for foxtail barley is Hordeum
jubatum L. [4,17,19]. Hordeum jubatum L. hybridizes with H.
brachyantherum in interior and coastal British Columbia, where the two
species share the same habitat [4]. Recognized subspecies and
varieties of H. jubatum are as follows [4,17,19]:

H. j. ssp. jubatum
H. j. ssp. intermedium Bowden
H. j. ssp. breviarestatum Bowden
H. j. var. boreale Scribn. & Smith (Boivin)
H. j. var. caespitasum (Sribn.) Hitchc.
licença
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citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Value for rehabilitation of disturbed sites ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
Foxtail barley has potential for revegetation of saline mine spoils
where forage value is of secondary importance.  Its extensive root
system and aggressive habit make it a good species for erosion control.
Foxtail barley seeds are not commercially available [45].
licença
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citação bibliográfica
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Hordeum jubatum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Distribution ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por IABIN
XII
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Universidad de Santiago de Chile
autor
Pablo Gutierrez
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Physical Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por USDA PLANTS text
Perennials, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blades mostly glabrous, Leaf blades more or less hairy, Ligule present, Ligule an unfringed eciliate membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence lax, widely spreading, branches drooping, pendulous, Inflorescence curved, twisted or nodding, Inflorescence single raceme, fascicle or spike, Inflorescence spikelets arranged in a terminal bilateral spike, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets sessile or subsessile, Spikelets dorsally compressed or terete, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 1 fertile floret, Spikelets 3 per node, Spikelets distichously arranged, Spikelets bisexual, Inflorescence disarticulating between nodes or joints of rachis, rachis fragmenting, Spikelets disarticulating below the glumes, Spikelets falling with parts of disarticulating rachis or pedicel, Spikelets closely appressed or embedded in concave portions of axis, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes equal or subequal, Glumes equal to or longer than adjacent lemma, Glumes awn-like, elongated or subulate, Glumes awned, awn 1-5 mm or longer, Glumes 1 nerved, Glumes 3 nerved, Lemma coriaceous, firmer or thicker in texture than the glumes, Lemma 5-7 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma apex acute or acuminate, Lemma mucronate, very shortly beaked or awned, less than 1-2 mm, Lemma distinctly awned, more than 2-3 mm, Lemma with 1 awn, Lemma awn 2-4 cm long or longer, Lemma awned from tip, Lemma awn from sinus of bifid apex, Lemma awns straight or curved to base, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea membranous, hyaline, Palea about equal to lemma, Palea 2 nerved or 2 keeled, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis, Caryopsis ellipsoid, longitudinally grooved, hilum long-linear, Caryopsis hairy at apex.
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Missouri Botanical Garden
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USDA NRCS NPDC
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USDA PLANTS text

Hordeum jubatum ( Asturiano )

fornecido por wikipedia AST

Hordeum jubatum ye una especie de planta yerbácea perteneciente a la familia Poaceae que se distribúin por China, Rusia, Canadá y EE. XX..

 src=
Vista de la planta

Descripción

Ye una planta yerbácea con tarmu de caña bueca que presenta entrenudos, calla tarmu presenta una espiga. Les fueyes formada por vaina basal y llámina, xuníes pola lígula. El so espiga ye la inflorescencia de la planta que se considera allongamientu del tarmu como en toes la gramínees.

Taxonomía

Hordeum jubatum describióse por Carlos Linneo y espublizóse en Species Plantarum 1: 85. 1753.[1]

Etimoloxía

Hordeum: nome antiguu llatín pa la cebada.[2]

jubatum: epítetu llatín que significa "con crestes"[3]

Sinonimia

Ver tamién

Referencies

Bibliografía

  1. CONABIO. 2009. Catálogu taxonómicu d'especies de Méxicu. 1. In Capital Nat. Méxicu. CONABIO, Mexico City.
  2. Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson.
  3. Cronquist, A.J., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren & Reveal. 1977. Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. 6: 1–584. In A.J. Cronquist, A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal & P. K. Holmgren (eds.) Intermount. Fl.. Hafner Pub. Co., New York.
  4. Darke, R. 1999. Color Encycl. Ornam. Grasses 1–325. Timber Press, Portland.
  5. Espeyu Serna, A., A. R. López-Ferrari & J. Valdés-Reyna. 2000. Poaceae. Monocot. Mexic. Sinopsis Floríst. 10: 7–236 [and index].
  6. Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York.
  7. Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2006. Flora of China (Poaceae). 22: 1–733. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
  8. Gleason, H. A. & A.J. Cronquist. 1968. The Pteridophytoa, Gymnospermae and Monocotyledoneae. 1: 1–482. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N. O.S.. New York Botanical Garden, New York.

Enllaces esternos

Cymbidium Clarisse Austin 'Best Pink' Flowers 2000px.JPG Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Botánica, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies.
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Hordeum jubatum: Brief Summary ( Asturiano )

fornecido por wikipedia AST
Hordeum jubatum

Hordeum jubatum ye una especie de planta yerbácea perteneciente a la familia Poaceae que se distribúin por China, Rusia, Canadá y EE. XX..

 src= Vista de la planta
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Hordeum jubatum ( Azerbaijano )

fornecido por wikipedia AZ


Hordeum jubatum (lat. Hordeum jubatum) - qırtıckimilər fəsiləsinin arpa cinsinə aid bitki növü.

Mənbə


Convallaria-oliv-r2.jpg Birləpəlilər ilə əlaqədar bu məqalə qaralama halındadır. Məqaləni redaktə edərək Vikipediyanı zənginləşdirin.
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wikipedia AZ

Hordeum jubatum: Brief Summary ( Azerbaijano )

fornecido por wikipedia AZ


Hordeum jubatum (lat. Hordeum jubatum) - qırtıckimilər fəsiləsinin arpa cinsinə aid bitki növü.

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wikipedia AZ

Haidd cribog ( Galês )

fornecido por wikipedia CY

Planhigyn blodeuol Monocotaidd a math o wair yw Haidd cribog sy'n enw gwrywaidd. Mae'n perthyn i'r teulu Poaceae. Yr enw gwyddonol (Lladin) yw Hordeum jubatum a'r enw Saesneg yw Foxtail barley.[1] Ceir enwau Cymraeg eraill ar y planhigyn hwn gan gynnwys Heiddwellt Cribog.

Gall dyfu bron mewn unrhyw fan gan gynnwys gwlyptiroedd, coedwigoedd a thwndra. Dofwyd ac addaswyd y planhigyn gan ffermwyr dros y milenia; chwiorydd i'r planhigyn hwn yw: india corn, gwenith, barlys, reis ac ŷd.

Gweler hefyd

Cyfeiriadau

  1. Gerddi Kew; adalwyd 21 Ionawr 2015
Comin Wikimedia
Mae gan Gomin Wikimedia
gyfryngau sy'n berthnasol i:
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Haidd cribog: Brief Summary ( Galês )

fornecido por wikipedia CY

Planhigyn blodeuol Monocotaidd a math o wair yw Haidd cribog sy'n enw gwrywaidd. Mae'n perthyn i'r teulu Poaceae. Yr enw gwyddonol (Lladin) yw Hordeum jubatum a'r enw Saesneg yw Foxtail barley. Ceir enwau Cymraeg eraill ar y planhigyn hwn gan gynnwys Heiddwellt Cribog.

Gall dyfu bron mewn unrhyw fan gan gynnwys gwlyptiroedd, coedwigoedd a thwndra. Dofwyd ac addaswyd y planhigyn gan ffermwyr dros y milenia; chwiorydd i'r planhigyn hwn yw: india corn, gwenith, barlys, reis ac ŷd.

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Mähnen-Gerste ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Die Mähnen-Gerste (Hordeum jubatum)[1] ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Gerste (Hordeum) innerhalb der Familie der Süßgräser (Poaceae).

Beschreibung

 src=
Illustration
 src=
Blütenstand

Erscheinungsbild und Blatt

Die Mähnen-Gerste wächst als ausdauernde krautige Pflanze und erreicht Wuchshöhen von 20 bis 50,[1] selten bis zu 60 Zentimetern. Der Halm besitzt drei bis fünf Knoten (Nodien). Die Laubblätter sind im Sommer grün und weich überhängend. Die Stängelblätter sind auf beiden Seiten dicht behaart.[1] Die Blattspreite ist flach.

Blütenstand

Die Blütezeit liegt im Hochsommer. Die endständigen, überhängenden ährigen Blütenstände sind seidig silberweiß,[1] färben sich gegen Sommerende beige und haben oft einen leichten Rotstich. In einem ährigen Blütenstand stehen drei bis sechs Ährchen dicht zusammen.[1] Die Ährchen sind einblütig und ohne grundständige Borsten. Nur die mittleren Ährchen sind gestielt. Die Deckspelzen besitzen 5 bis 8 Zentimeter lange Grannen.[1]

Chromosomensatz

 src=
Dieser Artikel oder nachfolgende Abschnitt ist nicht hinreichend mit Belegen (beispielsweise Einzelnachweisen) ausgestattet. Angaben ohne ausreichenden Beleg könnten demnächst entfernt werden. Bitte hilf Wikipedia, indem du die Angaben recherchierst und gute Belege einfügst.

Die Mähnen-Gerste ist mit einer Chromosomenzahl von 2n = 28 tetraploid. Entstanden ist sie durch die Kreuzung (Hybridisierung) einer zentralasiatischen Gerstenart mit der nordamerikanischen Art Hordeum brachyantherum (oder einer damit nahe verwandten aber heute ausgestorbenen Art).

Vorkommen

Die Mähnen-Gerste stammt ursprünglich aus dem nördlichen Nordamerika (Alaska, Kanada), und Asien vom nordöstlichen Sibirien bis zum Kaukasus.[2] Sie wird in Gärten kultiviert und ist häufig als „Gartenflüchtling“ ausgewildert, so dass diese Art heute in vielen Regionen der Welt als „Unkraut“ vorkommt. Sie gedeiht auf frischen, nährstoffreichen, zum Teil salzhaltigen Böden in humiden Klima. Sie wächst in Gesellschaften der Verbände Sisymbrion oder Agropyro-Rumicion am Rand salzgestreuter Straßen.[3]

Die Mähnen-Gerste bevorzugt sonnige Standorte und ist salztolerant.

Quellen

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c d e f Hordeum jubatum L., Mähnen-Gerste. FloraWeb.de
  2. Rafaël Govaerts (Hrsg.): Hordeum jubatum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) – The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, abgerufen am 15. November 2016.
  3. Erich Oberdorfer: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora für Deutschland und angrenzende Gebiete. Unter Mitarbeit von Angelika Schwabe und Theo Müller. 8., stark überarbeitete und ergänzte Auflage. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5, S. 236.

Literatur

Weblinks

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– Album mit Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
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Mähnen-Gerste: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Die Mähnen-Gerste (Hordeum jubatum) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Gerste (Hordeum) innerhalb der Familie der Süßgräser (Poaceae).

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Киис кутуруга ( Sakha )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages
Hordeum jubatum (Gramineae) plant.JPG

Киис кутуруга (нууч. ячмень гривастый, дикий ячмень, лат. Hordeum jubatum L.) - нэчимиэннии кылыстаах, кылгас умнастаах, өтөххө, бааһынаҕа үүнэр элбэх сыллаах сыыс от[1].

Өссө маны көр

Быһаарыылар

  1. Саха тылын быһаарыылаах улахан тылдьыта. IV туом, Новосибирскай, Наука, 2007
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Hordeum jubatum ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Hordeum jubatum, with common names foxtail barley,[2] bobtail barley,[2] squirreltail barley,[2] and intermediate barley,[2] is a perennial plant species in the grass family Poaceae. It occurs wild mainly in northern North America and adjacent northeastern Siberia. However, as it escaped often from gardens it can be found worldwide in areas with temperate to warm climates, and is considered a weed in many countries. The species is a polyploid and originated via hybridization of an East Asian Hordeum species with a close but extinct relative of Californian H. brachyantherum. It is grown as an ornamental plant for its attractive inflorescences and when done flowering for its inflorescence.

Properties

Foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum) propagates by seed. It is known for its ability to tolerate saline soils but is capable of productive growth on soil types ranging from loamy to clayey soils with pH's of 6.4 to 9.5. The upper limit of soil NaCl for productive growth and development is 1.0%. Foxtail barley is also adapted to a wide range of moisture regimes from dry to wet. Although this species is generally found on moist sites, it can withstand drought-like conditions. It is commonly found in lowland areas with restricted soil drainage, disturbed sites, waste areas and fields. Foxtail barley is a pioneer species or invader in disturbed areas and in areas with high salinity. It is among the first grasses to establish after disturbance and rapidly invades areas exposed by a receding water table.

Seedling

Foxtail barley is a prolific seed producer, with each plant capable of producing upwards of 200 seeds. Seeds are elliptical, yellowish-brown and about a 0.25 inches (0.64 cm) long with four to eight awns. The seeds have sharp, backwards pointing barbs. Seed is dispersed by wind, machinery and animals and germinates in the cooler temperatures of the spring or fall. Seed germinating in the fall can overwinter and resume growth in early spring, giving Foxtail barley a competitive advantage over many crops. Germination is inhibited by warm temperatures and seeds require a period of darkness for germination to occur. Foxtail barley is a shallow-rooted plant with germination occurring at soil depths not greater than 3 inches (7.6 cm). The seedling of foxtail barley first appears as thin, vertical leaves covered in short, dense hairs. The leaves have prominent venation and rough margins, while auricles are absent or elemental and the membranous ligule is very short with fine hairs.

Juvenile/mature

Foxtail barley is a fibrous-rooted, densely tufted grass that grows from 30–100 centimetres (12–39 in) tall and is erect or reclining at the base. The stems are erect and smooth and the leaf sheaths are split and hairy. The inflorescence of the mature plant is a dense, long-awned nodding spike with greenish or purplish colouring. The jointed rachis breaks into sharply pointed segments with three spikelets composing each segment. Only the central spikelet has one creamy coloured seed while each segment has seven awns with upward pointing barbs. These awns are up to 3 inches (7.6 cm) long and become easily attached to animals, clothing, machinery, etc. Leaf blades are slender and a greyish-green colour.

Ecological impact

Foxtail barley is distinguished from cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Meadow barley (Hordeum brachyantherum) by lemma awn length. H. brachyantherum has awn lengths of 0.5 inches (1.3 cm); Foxtail barley has lengths of 0.5–3 inches (1.3–7.6 cm); and cultivated barley of 10–15 centimetres (3.9–5.9 in) in length. Once foxtail barley is established, it becomes extremely difficult to eradicate. Its extensive root systems and aggressive habit, as well as its ability to tolerate saline soils make it a resilient competitor. It is considered a weed because of this competitive ability and the dangers it poses to wildlife and livestock. While foxtail barley may be palatable for animals in early spring before it flowers, its seed heads, when dry, are very harmful to grazing animals.[3] The awns can harm animals,[4] as their upward-pointing barbs become easily attached and embedded in the animal's mouth and face, causing severe irritation, abscesses, and even blindness. In horses in can cause painful ulcers and excessive salivation resulting in eating difficulties.[5]

Foxtail barley is also host to a number of viruses, and because it harbours wheat rust and blackstem rust, can indirectly affect the development of field crops. Since foxtail barley accumulates high amounts of salt in its leaves and roots, it has the potential of reducing soil salinity. Given foxtail barley's ability to withstand saline soils, it has been identified as having potential for the revegetation of saline mine spoils to reduce erosion. It has also been recommended as a species suitable for wildlife habitat rehabilitation on disturbed lands, but given its other less desirable traits, other natural grass species would be more beneficial.

Ethnobotanical uses

Foxtail barley has been recorded as having varied uses among Native North American societies. The Chippewa and Potawatomi used the root as medicine; the Kawaiisu pounded and ate the seeds dry, or used the plant as a tool to rub the skin off yucca stalks. Jacques Rousseau noted Iroquois children placing the dried seed heads in the sleeves of others as a prank. The Ramah Navajo considered the plant poisonous and avoided it.[6]

References

  1. ^ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved 7 January 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d "Hordeum jubatum". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 7 January 2014.
  3. ^ Common Weeds of the United States. New York: Dover. January 1971. p. 66. ISBN 0486205045.
  4. ^ Reiner, Ralph E. (1969). Introducing the Flowering Beauty of Glacier National Park and the Majestic High Rockies. Glacier Park, Inc. p. 26.
  5. ^ Lon D. Lewis (12 July 2013). Feeding and Care of the Horse. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 694–. ISBN 978-1-118-69504-3.
  6. ^ "Hordeum jubatum". Native American Ethnobotany DB. UM-Dearborn. Retrieved May 19, 2020.

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Hordeum jubatum: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Hordeum jubatum, with common names foxtail barley, bobtail barley, squirreltail barley, and intermediate barley, is a perennial plant species in the grass family Poaceae. It occurs wild mainly in northern North America and adjacent northeastern Siberia. However, as it escaped often from gardens it can be found worldwide in areas with temperate to warm climates, and is considered a weed in many countries. The species is a polyploid and originated via hybridization of an East Asian Hordeum species with a close but extinct relative of Californian H. brachyantherum. It is grown as an ornamental plant for its attractive inflorescences and when done flowering for its inflorescence.

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Hordeum jubatum ( Esperanto )

fornecido por wikipedia EO

Hordeum jubatum estas specio de hordeo (pooideoj). Ĝi devenas el nordameriko. Ĝi estas uzata kiel ornamplanto.

Priskribo

Ĝi estas staŭda aŭ unujara. Ĝi altas 40-60 cm sed ankaŭ ĝis 80 cm. Ĝi havas longajn aristojn.

Fontoj kaj dokumentoj

(2011) “Hordeum jubatum”, L'ami des jardins et de la maison (speciala numero), p. paĝo 54.

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Hordeum jubatum: Brief Summary ( Esperanto )

fornecido por wikipedia EO

Hordeum jubatum estas specio de hordeo (pooideoj). Ĝi devenas el nordameriko. Ĝi estas uzata kiel ornamplanto.

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Hordeum jubatum ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

Hordeum jubatum es una especie de planta herbácea de la familia Poaceae que se distribuyen por China, Rusia, Canadá y EE. UU..

 src=
Ejemplar en Alaska.

Descripción

Es una planta herbácea con tallo de caña hueca que presenta entrenudos, cada tallo presenta una espiga. Las hojas formadas por vainas basales y láminas, unidas por la lígula. Su espiga es la inflorescencia de la planta que se considera prolongación del tallo como en todas la gramíneas.

Taxonomía

Hordeum jubatum fue descrita por Carlos Linneo y publicado en Species Plantarum 1: 85. 1753.[1]

Etimología

Hordeum: nombre antiguo latino para la cebada.[2]

jubatum: epíteto latíno que significa "con crestas"[3]

Sinonimia

Referencias

 title=
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original
visite a fonte
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wikipedia ES

Hordeum jubatum: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

Hordeum jubatum es una especie de planta herbácea de la familia Poaceae que se distribuyen por China, Rusia, Canadá y EE. UU..

 src= Ejemplar en Alaska.
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Lakkoder ( Estônio )

fornecido por wikipedia ET

Lakkoder (Hordeum jubatum) on kõrreliste sugukonda arvatud taimeliik.

Taim kasvatatakse Eestis dekoratiivtaimena aedades. Harva võib ta ka metsistuda.[1]

Viited

  1. Eesti taimede määraja. Toimetaja Malle Leht. Tartu, EPMÜ ZBI, Eesti Loodusfoto, 1999. Lk 379

Välislingid

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Lakkoder: Brief Summary ( Estônio )

fornecido por wikipedia ET

Lakkoder (Hordeum jubatum) on kõrreliste sugukonda arvatud taimeliik.

Taim kasvatatakse Eestis dekoratiivtaimena aedades. Harva võib ta ka metsistuda.

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Partaohra ( Finlandês )

fornecido por wikipedia FI

Partaohra (Hordeum jubatum) on ohrien sukuun kuuluva yksi- tai monivuotinen heinäkasvilaji. Sitä viljellään yksivuotisena koristekasvina.

Ulkonäkö

Partaohra kasvaa 20–40 senttimetriä korkeaksi. Sen korsi on kapea, kalju. Lehti on korvakkeeton. Lehtilapa on litteä, 2–5 millimetriä leveä, alta karvainen. Kukinto on 3–8 cm pitkä tiheä kerrannaistähkä, usein punertavan- tai sinertävänvihreä. Nivelet kolmitähkyläisiä, tähkylät yksikukkaisia, vihneet 3–10 cm pitkät.[2]

Levinneisyys

Partaohra on kotoisin Itä-Aasiasta ja Pohjois-Amerikasta. Lajia tavataan tulokkaana kaikissa Pohjoismaissa ja osassa muuta Eurooppaa, Aasiassa ja Pohjois-Amerikassa. Suomessa partaohraa viljellään koristekasvina. Se kasvaa satunnaisena uustulokkaana eri puolilla maata: rata- ja myllypihoilla, lastaus- ja kaatopaikoilla, tienvarsilla. Uudellamaalla laji on vakiintunut tulokas.[2][3]

Lähteet

  1. Hordeum jubatum IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. (englanniksi)
  2. a b Pinkka – Lajintuntemuksen oppimisympäristö: Partaohra (Hordeum jubatum)
  3. Hämet-Ahti, Leena, Suominen, Juha, Ulvinen, Tauno & Uotila, Pertti (toim.): Retkeilykasvio, 4. uudistettu painos. Helsinki: Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo, Kasvimuseo, 1998. ISBN 951-45-8167-9.
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Partaohra: Brief Summary ( Finlandês )

fornecido por wikipedia FI

Partaohra (Hordeum jubatum) on ohrien sukuun kuuluva yksi- tai monivuotinen heinäkasvilaji. Sitä viljellään yksivuotisena koristekasvina.

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Hordeum jubatum ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Hordeum jubatum, communément appelée orge à crinière ou orge barbue ou orge queue-d'écureuil[1] est une plante herbacée de la famille des Poaceae. En latin, jubatus signifie avec une crinière [2].

Description

L'Hordeum jubatum est une plante herbacée vivace éphémère haute de 60 cm. Elle forme une touffe lâche et érigée d'une soixantaine de centimètres de hauteur aux feuilles rubanées vert clair. Les inflorescences apparaissent en début d'été. Les épis d'environ dix centimètres de longueur, gracieusement recourbés, sont formés d'épillets pourvus de fines barbes soyeuses. D'abord vert clair, joliment nuancé de rose pourpré, ils blondissent au fil des semaines, évoquant alors la crinière d'un cheval et justifiant l'appellation courante de l'espèce.[3],[4].

Habitat

L'Hordeum jubatum apprécie une terre très drainante, légère et ensoleillée où elle se ressème facilement[4].

Répartition

Originaire d'Asie et d'Amérique du Nord[4].

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Références taxonomiques

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Hordeum jubatum: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Hordeum jubatum, communément appelée orge à crinière ou orge barbue ou orge queue-d'écureuil est une plante herbacée de la famille des Poaceae. En latin, jubatus signifie avec une crinière .

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Hriwaty ječmjeń ( Sorábio superior )

fornecido por wikipedia HSB

Hriwaty ječmjeń (Hordeum jubatum) je rostlina ze swójby słódkich trawow (Poaceae).

Wopisanje

Stejnišćo

Rozšěrjenje

Wužiwanje

Noty

  1. Prawopisny słownik, Hornjoserbski słownik, ISBN 3-7420-1920-1, strona 176
  2. W internetowym słowniku: Gerste

Žórła

  • Brankačk, Jurij: Wobrazowy słownik hornjoserbskich rostlinskich mjenow na CD ROM. Rěčny centrum WITAJ, wudaće za serbske šule. Budyšin 2005.
  • Kubát, K. (Hlavní editor): Klíč ke květeně České republiky. Academia, Praha (2002)
  • Lajnert, Jan: Rostlinske mjena. Serbske. Němske. Łaćanske. Rjadowane po přirodnym systemje. Volk und Wissen Volkseigener Verlag Berlin (1954)
  • Rězak, Filip: Němsko-serbski wšowědny słownik hornjołužiskeje rěče. Donnerhak, Budyšin (1920)
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Hriwaty ječmjeń: Brief Summary ( Sorábio superior )

fornecido por wikipedia HSB

Hriwaty ječmjeń (Hordeum jubatum) je rostlina ze swójby słódkich trawow (Poaceae).

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Hordeum jubatum ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

L'orzo a criniera (nome scientifico Hordeum jubatum L., 1753 è una specie di pianta spermatofita monocotiledone appartenente alla famiglia Poaceae (sottofamiglia Pooideae ex Graminaceae).[1]

Etimologia

Il nome generico (Hordeum) è un nome romano dell'orzo.[2] L'epiteto specifico (jubatum) deriva da due parole greche "jubum" (= criniera) e "ata" (= possente) e ricorda le infiorescenze simili ad una coda di volpe.[3]

Il nome scientifico della specie è stato definito da Linneo (1707 – 1778), conosciuto anche come Carl von Linné, biologo e scrittore svedese considerato il padre della moderna classificazione scientifica degli organismi viventi, nella pubblicazione "Species Plantarum" (Sp. Pl. 1: 85 - 1753)[4] del 1753.[1]

Descrizione

 src=
Il portamento
 src=
Le foglie
 src=
Infiorescenza
 src=
I fiori
 src=
Spighetta generica con tre fiori diversi

Queste piante arrivano ad una altezza di 4 - 7 dm e in genere sono lisce e glabre. La forma biologica è emicriptofita scaposa (H scap), ossia in generale sono piante erbacee, a ciclo biologico perenne, con gemme svernanti al livello del suolo e protette dalla lettiera o dalla neve e sono dotate di un asse fiorale eretto e spesso privo di foglie.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

Radici

Le radici sono fascicolate.

Fusto

La parte aerea del fusto è un culmo gracile, eretto (o decombente), nudo in alto per almeno un terzo della lunghezza. La base può essere ingrossata (non bulbosa) a causa di guaine persistenti. I nodi sono 3 - 5. Diametro del culmo: 2 mm.

Foglie

Le foglie lungo il culmo sono disposte in modo alterno, sono distiche e si originano dai vari nodi. Sono composte da una guaina, una ligula e una lamina. Le venature sono parallelinervie. Non sono presenti i pseudopiccioli e, nell'epidermide delle foglia, le papille.

  • Guaina: la guaina è abbracciante il fusto; sono presenti dei padiglioni auricolari; la guaina ha una superficie sparsamente villosa o quasi glabra.
  • Ligula: la ligula è subnulla.
  • Lamina: la lamina è piana o convoluta. Il colore è verde o verde violaceo. Dimensioni della lamina: larghezza della lamina: 1,5 – 4 mm; lunghezza 6 – 12 cm.

Infiorescenza

Infiorescenza principale (sinfiorescenza o semplicemente spiga): le infiorescenze, di tipo racemoso terminale (un racemo per infiorescenza), hanno la forma di una spiga sottile, eretta e densa formata da diverse spighette. Le spighette sono ternate; quelle laterali sono pedicellate e sterili, la centrale è sessile e fertile. La fillotassi dell'inflorescenza inizialmente è a due livelli (o a due ranghi[13]), anche se le successive ramificazioni la fa apparire a spirale. Il colore spesso è screziato di violaceo. Il rachide è flessibile e gracile con margini pubescenti. Dimensione della spiga: larghezza 7 mm; lunghezza 40 – 50 mm (massimo 80 mm).

Spighetta

Infiorescenza secondaria (o spighetta): le spighette, compresse lateralmente con forme da ellittiche a oblunghe, sottese da due brattee distiche e strettamente sovrapposte chiamate glume (inferiore e superiore), sono formate da un fiore. Alla base di ogni fiore sono presenti due brattee: la palea e il lemma con delle evidenti reste. Le reste hanno un portamento patente e conferisce alla spiga un caratteristico aspetto crinito. La disarticolazione avviene con la rottura della rachilla sotto ogni fiore fertile; oppure può cadere l'intera spighetta.

  • Glume: le glume sono ridotte a delle semplici reste.
  • Palea: la palea è un profillo lanceolato con alcune venature e margini cigliati.
  • Lemma: il lemma ha una forma lanceolata con resta. Lunghezza del lemma: 7 mm. Lunghezza della resta: 40 – 60 mm.

Fiore

I fiori fertili sono attinomorfi formati da 3 verticilli: perianzio ridotto, androceo e gineceo.

  • Formula fiorale. Per la famiglia di queste piante viene indicata la seguente formula fiorale:[6]
*, P 2, A (1-)3(-6), G (2–3) supero, cariosside.

Frutti

I frutti sono dei cariosside, ossia sono dei piccoli chicchi indeiscenti avvolti dalle glume, con forme da ovate a oblunghe, nei quali il pericarpo è formato da una sottile parete che circonda il singolo seme. In particolare il pericarpo è fuso al seme ed è aderente. L'endocarpo non è indurito e l'ilo è lungo e lineare. L'embrione è provvisto di epiblasto; ha inoltre un solo cotiledone altamente modificato (scutello senza fessura) in posizione laterale. I margini embrionali della foglia non si sovrappongono. L'endosperma è farinoso. Dimensione del cariosside: 4 x 10 mm.

Riproduzione

Come gran parte delle Poaceae, le specie di questo genere si riproducono per impollinazione anemogama. Gli stigmi più o meno piumosi sono una caratteristica importante per catturare meglio il polline aereo. La dispersione dei semi avviene inizialmente a opera del vento (dispersione anemocora) e una volta giunti a terra grazie all'azione di insetti come le formiche (mirmecoria). In particolare i frutti di queste erbe possono sopravvivere al passaggio attraverso le budella dei mammiferi e possono essere trovati a germogliare nello sterco.[14]

Distribuzione e habitat

 src=
Distribuzione della pianta
(Distribuzione regionale[15] – Distribuzione alpina[16])
  • Geoelemento: il tipo corologico (area di origine) è Est-Asiatico / Nordamericano.
  • Distribuzione: si tratta di una pianta originaria del Nord America e dell'Asia orientale; in Italia è avventizia con alcune presenze nel Nord-Est. Nelle Alpi si trova nel Trentino-Alto Adige e nel Bellunese. Fuori dall'Italia, sempre nelle Alpi, questa specie si trova in Svizzera (cantoni Vallese e Grigioni), in Austria si trova nella maggior parte dei Länder meridionali). Sugli altri rilievi europei collegati alle Alpi si trova nella Foresta Nera.[16]
  • Habitat: gli habitat tipici per questa pianta sono gli ambienti ruderali, le aree abbandonate, la base dei muri, scarpate e luoghi calpestati. Il substrato preferito è calcareo ma anche siliceo con pH neutro, medi valori nutrizionali del terreno che deve essere secco.[16]
  • Distribuzione altitudinale: sui rilievi queste piante si possono trovare fino a quote montane (circa 2,000 m s.l.m.). Nelle Alpi frequentano quindi i seguenti piani vegetazionali: collinare e montano (oltre a quello planiziale).

Fitosociologia

Dal punto di vista fitosociologico alpino la specie di questa voce appartiene alla seguente comunità vegetale:[16] Formazione: delle comunità terofitiche pioniere nitrofile.

  • Formazione: delle comunità terofiche pioniere nitrofile
  • Classe: Stellarietea mediae
  • Ordine: Sisymbrietalia
  • Alleanza: Sisymbrion

Tassonomia

La famiglia di appartenenza di questa specie (Poaceae) comprende circa 650 generi e 9 700 specie (secondo altri Autori 670 generi e 9 500[8]). Con una distribuzione cosmopolita è una delle famiglie più numerose e più importanti del gruppo delle monocotiledoni e di grande interesse economico: tre quarti delle terre coltivate del mondo produce cereali (più del 50% delle calorie umane proviene dalle graminacee). La famiglia è suddivisa in 11 sottofamiglie, il genere Hordeum è descritto all'interno della sottofamiglia Pooideae con oltre 40 specie distribuite nelle regioni temperate del nord in tutto il mondo.[5][6]

Filogenesi

Il genere della specie di questa voce è descritto all'interno della tribù Triticeae (supertribù Triticodae T.D. Macfarl. & L. Watson, 1982). La supertribù Triticodae comprende tre tribù: Littledaleeae, Bromeae e Triticeae. All'interno della supertribù, la tribù Triticeae forma un "gruppo fratello" con la tribù Bromeae.[17]

Il genere Hordeum comprende solamente piante poliploidi con i genomi designati "H, I, X, e Y". Inoltre questo genere è stato soggetto ad una "evoluzione reticolata"[18] per fenomeni di ibridazione, o per il trasferimento orizzontale di geni ma anche per l’endosimbiosi.[5]

Il numero cromosomico per H. jubatum è: 2n = 28.[19]

Sinonimi

Questa entità ha avuto nel tempo diverse nomenclature. L'elenco seguente indica alcuni tra i sinonimi più frequenti:[10]

  • Critesion adscendens (Kunth) Á.Löve
  • Critesion geniculatum Raf.
  • Critesion jubatum (L.) Nevski
  • Elymus jubatus (L.) Link
  • Hordeum adscendens Kunth
  • Hordeum caespitosum Scribn.
  • Hordeum jubatum var. caespitosum (Scribn.) Hitchc.
  • Hordeum jubatum subsp. intermedium Bowden
  • Hordeum jubatum var. pampeanum Hauman
  • Hordeum pampeanum (Hauman) Herter
  • Hordeum pubiflorum var. pampeanum (Hauman) Melderis

Note

  1. ^ a b The International Plant Names Index, su ipni.org. URL consultato il 29 maggio 2020.
  2. ^ Etymo Grasses 2007, pag. 139.
  3. ^ Etymo Grasses 2007, pag. 150.
  4. ^ BHL - Biodiversity Heritage Library, su biodiversitylibrary.org. URL consultato il 29 maggio 2020.
  5. ^ a b c Kellogg 2015, pag. 227.
  6. ^ a b c Judd et al 2007, pag. 311.
  7. ^ Pignatti 1982, Vol. 3 - pag. 533.
  8. ^ a b Strasburger 2007, pag. 814.
  9. ^ Pasqua et al 2015, pag. 467.
  10. ^ a b World Checklist - Royal Botanic Gardens KEW, su powo.science.kew.org. URL consultato il 29 maggio 2020.
  11. ^ Motta 1960, vol.2 pag.470.
  12. ^ eFloras - Flora of China, su efloras.org. URL consultato il 29 maggio 2020.
  13. ^ Kellogg 2015, pag. 28.
  14. ^ Kellogg 2015, pag. 73.
  15. ^ Conti et al. 2005, pag. 112.
  16. ^ a b c d Aeschimann et al. 2004, Vol. 2 - pag. 938.
  17. ^ Soreng et al. 2017, pag.284.
  18. ^ Treccani, su treccani.it, p. evoluzione reticolata. URL consultato il 12 luglio 2019.
  19. ^ Tropicos Database, su legacy.tropicos.org. URL consultato il 29 maggio 2020.

Bibliografia

 title=
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Hordeum jubatum: Brief Summary ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

L'orzo a criniera (nome scientifico Hordeum jubatum L., 1753 è una specie di pianta spermatofita monocotiledone appartenente alla famiglia Poaceae (sottofamiglia Pooideae ex Graminaceae).

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Hordeum jubatum ( Latin )

fornecido por wikipedia LA

Hordeum jubatum (binomen a Carolo Linnaeo anno 1753 statutum) est species generis Hordei et familiae Poacearum. In America Septentrionali crescitur ibique ad frumentum et ad potionem, caffeo haud dissimilem, praeparandam adhibitum est.

Notae

Bibliographia

  • Frank R. Blattner, "Multiple intercontinental dispersals shaped the distribution area of Hordeum (Poaceae)" in New Phytologist vol. 169 (2006) pp. 603–614 situs venalis
  • Roland von Bothmer, Theo van Hintum, Helmut Knüpffer, Kazuhiro Sato, edd., Diversity in Barley (Hordeum vulgare) (Amstelodami: Elsevier Science, 2003. ISBN 9780080530475) pp. 154, 252 (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)
  • Stephen Facciola, Cornucopia: a source book of edible plants (Vista: Kampong Publications, 1990) p. 155
  • Thekla Pleines, Frank R. Blattner, "Phylogeographic Implications of an AFLP Phylogeny of the American Diploid Hordeum Species (Poaceae: Triticeae)" in Taxon vol. 57 (2008) pp. 875–881 situs venalis

Nexus externi

Commons-logo.svg Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Hordeum jubatum spectant.
Wikispecies-logo.svg Vide "Hordeum jubatum" apud Vicispecies.
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Hordeum jubatum: Brief Summary ( Latin )

fornecido por wikipedia LA

Hordeum jubatum (binomen a Carolo Linnaeo anno 1753 statutum) est species generis Hordei et familiae Poacearum. In America Septentrionali crescitur ibique ad frumentum et ad potionem, caffeo haud dissimilem, praeparandam adhibitum est.

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Karčiuotasis miežis ( Lituano )

fornecido por wikipedia LT
Binomas Hordeum jubatum

Karčiuotasis miežis (Hordeum jubatum) – miglinių (Poaceae) šeimos žolinis augalas. Kilęs iš Aliaskos, Kanados ir šiaurės rytų Sibiro.

Aukštis iki 60 cm. Žiedai susitelkę į varpą, padengtą labai ilgais ašutais. Dėl to kartais auginamas kaip dekoratyvinis augalas[1].

Šaltiniai

  1. Karčiuotasis miežis. Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija, T. 3 (Masaitis-Simno). – Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija, 1987. 76 psl.


Vikiteka

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Karčiuotasis miežis: Brief Summary ( Lituano )

fornecido por wikipedia LT

Karčiuotasis miežis (Hordeum jubatum) – miglinių (Poaceae) šeimos žolinis augalas. Kilęs iš Aliaskos, Kanados ir šiaurės rytų Sibiro.

Aukštis iki 60 cm. Žiedai susitelkę į varpą, padengtą labai ilgais ašutais. Dėl to kartais auginamas kaip dekoratyvinis augalas.

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Jęczmień grzywiasty ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL
Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons
 src=
Kłosy

Jęczmień grzywiasty (Hordeum jubatum) – gatunek rośliny należący do rodziny wiechlinowatych. Pochodzi z Azji i Ameryki Północnej, rozprzestrzenił się na wszystkich kontynentach całego świata (z wyjątkiem Antarktydy)[2]. W Polsce jest uprawiany jako roślina ozdobna, zdziczała z uprawy rozprzestrzeniła się też w środowisku naturalnym i jest obecnie antropofitem zadomowionym[3]

Morfologia

Łodyga
Niezgrubiałe w nasadzie źdźbła wysokości 20-50(60) cm. Roślina tworzy dość gęste kępy
Kwiaty
Zebrane w jednokwiatowe kłoski tworzące długi, przeginający się kłos. Wyposażone są w długie na 3-8 cm wolne w nasadzie plewy, które po dojrzeniu szeroko odstają na boki. Dolne plewki w dolnej części kłosa są ośmiokształtne.
Owoc
Ziarniak

Biologia i ekologia

Roślina jednoroczna. Kwitnie od czerwca do września, jest wiatropylna. Liczba chromosomów 2n = 28 (14, 42).

Zmienność

Występuje w dwóch podgatunkach[2]:

  • Hordeum jubatum subsp. intermedium , syn. Critesion jubatum (L.) Nevski
  • Hordeum jubatum subsp. jubatum, syn. Hordeum caespitosum Scribn., Hordeum jubatum var. caespitosum (Scribn.) Hitchc.

Zastosowanie i uprawa

Może być uprawiany jako ozdobna roślina na rabatach lub w kępach na trawniku (ładniej wygląda w małych kępach). Często jest uprawiany na kwiat cięty do bukietów, wiązanek itp. Nie ma specjalnych wymagań co do podłoża, ale preferuje gleby żyzne i przepuszczalne. Jest natomiast wrażliwy na brak wody; gleba musi być stale wilgotna. Stanowisko powinno być słoneczne. Rozmnaża się przez nasiona. Chcąc, aby zakwitł wcześniej można nasiona wczesną wiosna wysiać w ogrzewanym pomieszczeniu.

Przypisy

  1. Stevens P.F.: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (ang.). 2001–. [dostęp 2009-06-13].
  2. a b Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [dostęp 2010-01-10].
  3. Zbigniew Mirek, Halina Piękoś-Mirkowa, Adam Zając, Maria Zając: Flowering plants and pteridophytes of Poland. A checklist. Biodiversity of Poland. Vol. 1. Kraków: W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2002. ISBN 83-85444-83-1.

Bibliografia

  1. zbiorowe: A-Z encyklopedia. Rośliny ogrodowe. Könemann, 2005. ISBN 978-3-8331-1916-3.
  2. Lucjan Rutkowski: Klucz do oznaczania roślin naczyniowych Polski niżowej. Warszawa: Wyd. Naukowe PWN, 2006. ISBN 83-01-14342-8.
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Jęczmień grzywiasty: Brief Summary ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL
 src= Kłosy

Jęczmień grzywiasty (Hordeum jubatum) – gatunek rośliny należący do rodziny wiechlinowatych. Pochodzi z Azji i Ameryki Północnej, rozprzestrzenił się na wszystkich kontynentach całego świata (z wyjątkiem Antarktydy). W Polsce jest uprawiany jako roślina ozdobna, zdziczała z uprawy rozprzestrzeniła się też w środowisku naturalnym i jest obecnie antropofitem zadomowionym

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Ekorrkorn ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV

Ekorrkorn (Hordeum jubatum) är en växtart i familjen gräs.

Externa länkar

Rödklöver.png Denna växtartikel saknar väsentlig information. Du kan hjälpa till genom att tillföra sådan.
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Ekorrkorn: Brief Summary ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV

Ekorrkorn (Hordeum jubatum) är en växtart i familjen gräs.

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Hordeum jubatum ( Ucraniano )

fornecido por wikipedia UK

Опис

Багаторічна короткоживуча трав'яниста рослина 30–75 см завдовжки, росте в пучку; стебла прямостійні чи висхідні, гладкі, ≈2 мм в діаметрі; вузли коричневі. Лігула 0.2–0.5 мм завдовжки, урізана. Листові пластини 6–15 см × 2–4 мм; поверхня шершава, оголена чи запушена[1][2].

Колос зелений або пурпурно-зелений, до 5–10 см завдовжки, включаючи остюк, м'який. Бічні колоски: зведені до 1–3 розкидних остюків, рідше — чоловічі. Пиляків 3. Зернівки волохаті на вершині. 2n = 28[1][2].

Поширення

Поширений у Північній Америці (Канада США, Мексика [Баха-Норте]) й Азії (Росія, Китай [Хейлунцзян, Ляонін]); натуралізований у багатьох країнах світу: Новій Зеландії, Аргентині, Чилі, Лесото, Європі (Данія, Фінляндія, Норвегія, Швеція, Австрія, Бельгія, Чехія, Німеччина, Угорщина, Нідерланди, Польща, Словаччина, Швейцарія; Білорусь, Молдова, Росія [європейська частина], Україна, Румунія)[1][3][4]. Населяє луки, вологі землі[2].

Екологічний вплив

Велика коренева система, агресивна звичка, а також здатність переносити засолені ґрунти роблять цей вид стійким конкурентом. Хоча цей ячмінь може бути приємним для тварин ранньою весною, перш ніж зацвіте, його сухі остюки є дуже шкідливими для випасу тварин. Оскільки цей ячмінь накопичує велику кількість солі в листках і коріннях, він має потенціал зниження солоності ґрунту.

Галерея

Примітки

  1. а б в Plants of the World Online — Kew Science. Процитовано 11.01.2019. (англ.)
  2. а б в Flora of China. Процитовано 23.12.2018. (англ.)
  3. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Процитовано 11.01.2019. (англ.)
  4. Euro+Med Plantbase. Процитовано 11.01.2019. (англ.)
Starr 001026-8001 Poa pratensis.jpg Це незавершена стаття про Тонконогові.
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Hordeum jubatum ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Hordeum jubatum là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hòa thảo. Loài này được L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Hordeum jubatum. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Bài viết chủ đề tông thực vật Triticeae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Hordeum jubatum: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Hordeum jubatum là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hòa thảo. Loài này được L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.

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wikipedia VI

Ячмень гривастый ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Растения
Подцарство: Зелёные растения
Отдел: Цветковые
Надпорядок: Lilianae
Порядок: Злакоцветные
Семейство: Злаки
Подсемейство: Мятликовые
Триба: Пшеницевые
Подтриба: Hordeinae
Род: Ячмень
Вид: Ячмень гривастый
Международное научное название

Hordeum jubatum L., 1753

Синонимы
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Систематика
на Викивидах
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Изображения
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ITIS 40871NCBI 4517EOL 1114454GRIN t:19308IPNI 405267-1TPL kew-419358

Ячме́нь грива́стый (лат. Hordéum jubátum) — травянистое растение, вид рода Ячмень (Hordeum) семейства Злаки (Poaceae).

Ботаническое описание

Плотнодерновинный многолетник с укороченным корневищем и тонкими гладкими стеблями высотой 15—50 см[2].

Листовые пластинки до 3—8 см длиной (не считая длины остей), густые, кверху расширяющиеся, с ломкой осью.

Колоски одноцветковые, собранные по три; средний из них сидячий, с остатком недоразвитого второго цветка, боковые — на ножках, недоразвитые. Колосковые чешуи волосовидные, оттопыренные, 3—6(7,5) см длиной. Нижняя цветковая чешуя среднего колоска 4——5 мм длиной, с волосовидной, обычно фиолетовой остью 2—9 см длиной[2]. Пыльники длиной 1,2—1,6 мм[3].

Плод — зерновка, узколиненйная, с бороздкой[4].

В Средней России цветёт в июле—августе, плодоносит в августе—сентябре[2].

Хромосомное число — 2n = 28[5]

Ареал и экология

Восточносибирский и североамериканский вид, занесённый в Среднюю Азию, Западную Сибирь, во многие районы европейской части, в том числе и по всей территории Средней России[2][3].

Встречается по железнодорожным насыпям, обочинам дорог, сорным местам[2].

Хозяйственное значение

Сорное[4] и декоративное растение, используется для составления сухих букетов[2]. В качестве декоративного растения культивируется с 1782 года[6].

На севере неустойчиво против выпаса. Поедаемость оленями требует выяснения[7].

Приносит большой вред земледелию и скотоводству. http://selchanka.com/articles/vlast-i-obschestvo/yachmen-grivastyiy-sornyak-opasnyiy.htm

Примечания

  1. Об условности указания класса однодольных в качестве вышестоящего таксона для описываемой в данной статье группы растений см. раздел «Системы APG» статьи «Однодольные».
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Губанов и др., 2004.
  3. 1 2 Киселёв К. В., Майоров С. Р., Новиков В. С. Флора средней полосы Россииː Атлас-определитель / Под ред. проф. В. С. Новикова. — М.: ЗАО «Фитон», 2010. — 544 с. — 1000 экз.ISBN 978-5-93457-307-3. — С. 93—94.
  4. 1 2 Рожевиц, 1934.
  5. Цвелёв Н. Н. Краткий конспект злаков (Poaceae) Восточной Европыː начало системы (трибы BambuseaeBromeae) // Российская Академия наук. Новости систематики высших растений. — М.-СПб.: Тов-во научных изданий КМК, 2006. — Т. 38. — С. 96.
  6. Полетико и Мишенкова, 1967.
  7. Ларин И. В. и др. Кормовые растения сенокосов и пастбищ СССРː споровые, голосеменные и однодольные / Под ред. засл. деятеля науки проф. И. В. Ларина. — ВНИИ кормов им. В. Р. Вильямса. — М.-Л.: Сельхозгиз, 1950. — Т. 1. — 688 с. — 10 000 экз. — С. 512.
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Ячмень гривастый: Brief Summary ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию

Ячме́нь грива́стый (лат. Hordéum jubátum) — травянистое растение, вид рода Ячмень (Hordeum) семейства Злаки (Poaceae).

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芒颖大麦草 ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Hordeum jubatum

芒颖大麦草学名Hordeum jubatum),为禾本科大麦属下的一个植物种。[1]

参考资料

  1. ^ 芒颖大麦草 Hordeum jubatum L.. 中国植物物种信息数据库. [2013-01-15].


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芒颖大麦草: Brief Summary ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科

芒颖大麦草(学名:Hordeum jubatum),为禾本科大麦属下的一个植物种。

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