Zephyranthes candida (Lindl.) Herb.

W. Herbert (1837) suggested that Zephyranthes candida might belong in a segregate genus, and within ten years Rafinesque and M. Roemer each separated it from Zephyranthes. Its leaves are about twice as thick as those of other species in the genus, and they persist through winter frosts and snow, a rare, if not unique, characteristic in Zephyranthes. The stigmatic lobes are not globose, as in Z. chlorosolen, but are somewhat erect and might be described as very abbreviated linear lobes; a careful study of fresh stigmas of “capitate” species is in order. Also, the chromosome complement of Z. candida appears to be anomalous within Zephyranthes. The species has been maintained in Zephyranthes for more than a century, but were Herbert, Rafinesque, and Roemer correct after all?

Leaf blade glossy deep green, to 3 mm wide. Spathe (1.8–)2–4 cm. Flowers erect; perianth white, sometimes pinkish abaxially, subrotate, 3–4.5 cm; perianth tube green, 0.1–0.4 cm, increasing in diam., less than 1/4 times perianth length, 1/5–1/3 times filament length, ca. 1/10 times spathe length; tepals not reflexed; stamens diverging, subequal; filaments filiform, 1–1.4 cm; anthers 5–8 mm; style longer than perianth tube; stigma capitate, usually among or exserted less than 2 mm beyond anthers; pedicel (0.4–)1–2.5 cm, usually shorter than spathe. 2n = 38.

Bulbs ovoid, ca. 2.5 cm in diam., neck 2.5--5 cm. Leaves bright green, terete-linear, 20--30 cm × 2--4 mm, fleshy. Involucres red-brown. Flowers solitary, terminal; pedicel ca. 1 cm. Perianth white, often tinged with rose abaxially; lobes ± free, 3--5 × ca. 1 cm, usually with tiny scales near throat, apex obtuse to shortly acute. Stamens ca. 1/2 as long as perianth. Style slender; stigma 3-notched. Capsule subglobose, ca. 1.2 cm in diam. Fl. autumn.

introduced; Ala., Fla., Ga., La., Miss., N.C., S.C., Tex.; South America (Argentina, Peru, Uruguay).

Flowering summer--mid fall (Jun--Nov).

Sandy humus soil, coastal plains; 0-200m.

Widely cultivated as an ornamental. Becoming naturalized in S China [native to South America].

Amaryllis candida Lindley, Bot. Reg. 9: plate 724. 1823; Argyropsis candida (Lindley) M. Roemer; Atamosco candida (Lindley) Sasaki; Plectronema candida (Lindley) Rafinesque

Amaryllis candida Lindley, Bot. Reg. 9: t. 724. 1823; Argyropsis candida (Lindley) M. Roemer.