Comments
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fornecido por eFloras
Trillium sulcatum is present mainly on the Cumberland Plateau and is absent from the Great Smoky Mountains and the southern Blue Ridge Mountains.
T. S. Patrick (1984) described Trillium sulcatum flowers as “relatively small and turned downward.” This is true of plants from the type locality; however, in most plants of the Cumberland Plateau, the flowers are quite large and flattened, and the petals are recurved distally and face outward.
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Description
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Inglês
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fornecido por eFloras
Rhizomes horizontal–slightly erect, thick, praemorse. Scapes 1–4+, round in cross section, 3–7 dm, 2–2.5 times as long as bract, stout, glabrous. Bracts subsessile; blade obovate to broadly elliptic, 13–20 × 8–22 cm, not glossy, base attenuate, apex acuminate. Flower facing outward at right angle to pedicel, above bracts, odor faintly musty, like fresh fungus; perianth gaping, strongly 3-dimensional; sepals spreading, usually streaked or entirely purplish maroon, occasionally entirely green except on margins, elliptic, 15–38 × 9–15 mm, margins entire, apex strongly sulcate-acuminate; petals carried somewhat forward to recurved-spreading in distal 1/2, usually dark reddish maroon to purplish, rarely cream to soft yellow, pink, white, or 2-colored, heavy-veined, ovate to broadly ovate-overlapping, 1.8–5 × 1–3 cm, heavy-textured, apex acuminate, rarely somewhat sulcate; stamens erect, ± equaling or slightly longer than ovary, 15–18 mm; filaments purple to white, 3–5 mm, slender; anthers straight, purplish to yellow, 5–12 mm, thick, dehiscence introrse; connectives equaling or ± shorter than anther sacs; ovary usually dark purple, globose to flask-shaped, 6-angled, 14–18 mm, broadly attached basally; stigmas prominent, recurved, distinct, purple, not lobed adaxially, basally thickened, gradually tapered, 2–5 mm, fleshy; pedicel usually stiffly erect (rarely almost horizontal above bracts), straight, reflexed ± 90° at tip, 6–11 cm. Fruits red, fragrance of fresh mushrooms, ± globose to pyramidal, 1.5–3 × 1.2–2.8 cm, juicy to pulpy. 2n = 10.
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Distribution
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Inglês
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fornecido por eFloras
Ala., Ga., Ky., N.C., Tenn., Va., W.Va.
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Flowering/Fruiting
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fornecido por eFloras
Flowering mid spring (Apr--May).
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Habitat
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Rich mesic woodlands, especially moist north- or east-facing slopes, wooded ledges and stream banks on neutral to slightly acid soil; 300--400m.
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Trillium sulcatum
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Azerbaijano
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fornecido por wikipedia AZ
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Trillium sulcatum: Brief Summary
(
Azerbaijano
)
fornecido por wikipedia AZ
Trillium sulcatum (lat. Trillium sulcatum) — melantkimilər fəsiləsinin trillium cinsinə aid bitki növü.
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Trillium sulcatum
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Trillium sulcatum is a species of flowering plant in the bunchflower family Melanthiaceae.[3] It is a member of the Erectum group, a group of species typified by Trillium erectum. The specific name sulcatum means "furrowed, grooved, or sulcate",[4] which describes the tips of the sepals. It is most abundant on the Cumberland Plateau in central Tennessee and eastern Kentucky where it blooms in April and May. The species is commonly known as the southern red trillium or furrowed wakerobin.[5][6]
Description
Trillium sulcatum is a perennial, herbaceous, flowering plant that persists by means of an underground rhizome. Like all trilliums, it has a whorl of three bracts (leaves) and a single trimerous flower with three sepals, three petals, two whorls of three stamens each, and three carpels (fused into a single ovary with three stigmas).[7] The flower sits atop a long stalk (called a pedicel) rising above the leaves. The recurved (bent backwards) petals are usually dark red but an occasional white form may be found. The berry is also red.[8][5]
Trillium sulcatum is often confused with other members of the Trillium erectum group, including Trillium flexipes, Trillium simile, Trillium vaseyi, and especially Trillium erectum. In general, it is distinguished by the relative length of its pedicel. Specifically, the sepals of Trillium sulcatum are less than half as long as the pedicel, whereas they are more than half as long in other members of the group.[9]
Taxonomy
Trillium sulcatum was described and named by Thomas Stewart Patrick in 1984.[2] Its type specimen was collected in Grundy County, Tennessee in 1980.[10] As of March 2023, the name Trillium sulcatum T.S.Patrick is widely recognized.[3][5][11] The species is a member of the Erectum group, a group of species typified by Trillium erectum.[12]
Related to this, Lane Barksdale described Trillium erectum var. sulcatum in 1938,[13] but since he did not provide a Latin description,[14] the name is invalid. However, the variety's type specimen, collected in Surry County, North Carolina in 1937, was subsequently identified as Trillium sulcatum, and so the epithet sulcatum was retained in recognition of Barksdale's contribution.[15] Consequently, Trillium sulcatum is often referred to as the Barksdale trillium.[5][16]
Distribution and habitat
Trillium sulcatum is most abundant on the Cumberland Plateau, from northeastern Alabama and northwestern Georgia northward through central Tennessee into eastern Kentucky. From Tennessee its range extends northeastward into Virginia and, via the New River drainage, into both West Virginia and North Carolina.[17][18] Unlike other members of the Trillium erectum complex, it is notably absent from the Great Smoky Mountains and the southern Blue Ridge Mountains.[5][19]
Trillium sulcatum is known to occur in the following counties:[20]
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Alabama: DeKalb, Jackson, Marshall
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Georgia: Dade, Walker
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Kentucky: Bell, Carter, Casey, Harlan, Laurel, Lee, Madison, McCreary, Morgan, Perry, Powell, Pulaski, Rockcastle, Wayne, Whitley
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North Carolina: Alleghany, Ashe, Caldwell, Surry, Watauga, Wilkes
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Tennessee: Anderson, Bledsoe, Campbell, Claiborne, Coffee, Cumberland, DeKalb, Fentress, Franklin, Grundy, Hamblen, Hamilton, Hancock, Hawkins, Johnson, Knox, Lincoln, Marion, Morgan, Pickett, Putnam, Rhea, Roane, Scott, Sequatchie, Sullivan, Van Buren, Warren, White
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Virginia: Carroll, Floyd, Franklin, Giles, Grayson, Henry, Lee, Patrick, Pulaski, Roanoke, Russell, Scott, Smyth, Tazewell, Washington, Wise
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West Virginia: Fayette, McDowell, Mercer
Conservation
The global conservation status of Trillium sulcatum is Apparently Secure (G4).[1] At the southern edge of its range, it is imperiled (S2) in Georgia and critically imperiled (S1) in Alabama.
References
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^ a b "Trillium sulcatum". NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
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^ a b "Trillium sulcatum T.S.Patrick". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
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^ a b c "Trillium sulcatum T.S.Patrick". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
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^ Gledhill, David (2008). The Names of Plants (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 367. ISBN 978-0-521-86645-3.
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^ a b c d e Case Jr., Frederick W. (2002). "Trillium sulcatum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 26. New York and Oxford. Retrieved 10 March 2023 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
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^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Trillium sulcatum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
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^ Case Jr., Frederick W. (2002). "Trillium". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 26. New York and Oxford. Retrieved 29 March 2023 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
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^ Patrick (1984).
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^ Patrick (1984), p. 32.
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^ Patrick (1984), p. 27.
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^ "Trillium sulcatum T.S.Patrick". Flora of the Southeastern United States (2022 Edition). Retrieved 10 March 2023.
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^ Lampley et al. (2022), p. 280.
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^ "Trillium erectum var. sulcatum Barksd.". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
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^ Barksdale (1938), pp. 280–281.
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^ Patrick (1984), p. 30.
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^ Case & Case (1997), p. 144.
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^ Patrick (1984), p. 33.
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^ "Trillium sulcatum". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
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^ Case & Case (1997), p. 146.
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^ Patrick (1984), pp. 27–30.
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Trillium sulcatum: Brief Summary
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Trillium sulcatum is a species of flowering plant in the bunchflower family Melanthiaceae. It is a member of the Erectum group, a group of species typified by Trillium erectum. The specific name sulcatum means "furrowed, grooved, or sulcate", which describes the tips of the sepals. It is most abundant on the Cumberland Plateau in central Tennessee and eastern Kentucky where it blooms in April and May. The species is commonly known as the southern red trillium or furrowed wakerobin.
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Trillium sulcatum
(
Francês
)
fornecido por wikipedia FR
Trillium sulcatum est une espèce de plantes herbacées, vivaces et rhizomateuses de la famille des Melanthiaceae (classification APG III).
En classification classique (Cronquist), elle était placées parmi les Liliaceae.
Description
Cette espèce, qui remplace le Trille rouge dans le sud-est des États-Unis, fleurit au printemps dans les forêts fraîches et le long des rivières. La fleur, de 4 à 10 cm de diamètre à larges pétales rouges à extrémité renversée, est portée par un pédoncule dressé ou légèrement recourbé. Les feuilles obovales à elliptiques sont acuminées. Le fruit est une baie rouge.
Aire de répartition
Du sud des Virginies, au nord de la Géorgie et de l’Alabama.
Synonyme
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Trillium sulcatum f. albolutescens T.S.Patrick
Divers
Certains plants ont des fleurs jaune pâle, ce qui avait amenés à les placer dans une forme à part (Trillium sulcatum f. albolutescens) mais celle-ci n'est plus reconnue.
Notes et références
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Trillium sulcatum: Brief Summary
(
Francês
)
fornecido por wikipedia FR
Trillium sulcatum est une espèce de plantes herbacées, vivaces et rhizomateuses de la famille des Melanthiaceae (classification APG III).
En classification classique (Cronquist), elle était placées parmi les Liliaceae.
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- Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
Trillium sulcatum
(
Vietnamita
)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Trillium sulcatum là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Melanthiaceae. Loài này được T.S.Patrick miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1984.[1]
Chú thích
Liên kết ngoài
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Trillium sulcatum: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamita
)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Trillium sulcatum là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Melanthiaceae. Loài này được T.S.Patrick miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1984.
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