dcsimg

Distribution ( Inglês )

fornecido por ReptileDB
Continent: Africa
Distribution: Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Republic of South Africa, Swaziland, Natal, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire) [CHIFUNDERA 1990]
Type locality: Buenos Ayres (in error)
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Peter Uetz
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Behaviour ( Inglês )

fornecido por Snake Species of the World LifeDesk

If angered, these snakes respond by inflating the body with air, which makes the markings stand out, and hissing and puffing ferociously. They may then raise the forepart of the body off the ground, into a coil with the head back, and make a swiping strike. They are also known to lift the front part of the body off the ground, flatten the neck and move forward with the tongue extended, looking like a little cobra (Spawls et al., 2002).

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Common Names ( Inglês )

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Snouted night adder

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Description ( Inglês )

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These snakes reach a maximum size of about 42 cm, the average size is between 20 to 35 cm. The dorsal pattern consists of brown scales contrasted by 20 to 30 dark, pale-edged rhombic blotches all along the back. There are random black scales and oblique black bars on the flanks. On the head there is a characteristic V-shaped mark, which is usually solid black. A black bar is often present behind the eye and the upper labial scales are usually black-edged. The ventral scales vary from cream, pearly white to pinkish-grey; it may be black or grey in juveniles (Spawls, et al., 2002).

There are 13 to 17 scale rows at midbody, 109 to 130 ventral scales, and 10 to 19 subcaudal scales (Spawls et al., 2002).

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Diet ( Inglês )

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C. defilippii is known to consume frogs and toads (Spawls et al., 2002; Ineich et al., 2006).

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Distribution ( Inglês )

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Coastal Kenya and Tanzania through eastern Africa (Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique) to South Africa (Northern, Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces) as far south as Durban, and on Zanzibar Island (McDiarmid et al., 1999).

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Ecology ( Inglês )

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Active during the day as well as night. When inactive, these snakes hide in holes, brush piles, under ground cover and other similar nooks (Spawls et al., 2002).

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Habitat ( Inglês )

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Found in moist and dry savanna, coastal thicket and forests from sea level to about 1800 m (Spawls et al., 2002).

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Look Alikes ( Inglês )

fornecido por Snake Species of the World LifeDesk

In some parts of Africa, these snakes are often confused with the common egg eater (Dasypeltis scabra). Though D. scabra may have similar dorsal patterns, it lacks the upturned snout and has vertical pupils. All night adders have round pupils. C. defilippii is also similar to C. rhombeatus, which also does not have an upturned snout (Spawls et al., 2002).

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Wipneusnagadder ( Africâner )

fornecido por wikipedia AF

Die Wipneusnagadder (Causus defilippii) is adder wat voorkom in die natter gedeeltes van Limpopo, Mpumalanga, eSwatini en KwaZulu-Natal asook gedeeltes van Zimbabwe. In Engels staan die slang bekend as die Snouted Night Adder.

Identifikasie

Die slang lyk baie soos die nagadder; dit het ook die donker v-vormige merk op die kop. Dit het 'n wipneus, die snoet is boontoe gevorm. Dit is ook kleiner as die nagadder en word ongeveer 400mm lank.

Die wyfie lê tussen 3 en 9 eiers op 'n slag gedurende die somer. Die kleintjies is ongeveer 100mm lank by geboorte. Die slang vreet paddas en skurwepaddas.

Gif

Die gif is sitotoksies en veroorsaak pyn en swelsel maar is nie gevaarlik vir die mens nie.

Sien ook

Bron

Verwysings

  1. McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
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Wipneusnagadder: Brief Summary ( Africâner )

fornecido por wikipedia AF

Die Wipneusnagadder (Causus defilippii) is adder wat voorkom in die natter gedeeltes van Limpopo, Mpumalanga, eSwatini en KwaZulu-Natal asook gedeeltes van Zimbabwe. In Engels staan die slang bekend as die Snouted Night Adder.

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Schnauzen-Krötenviper ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Die Schnauzen-Krötenviper (Causus defilippii), auch als Schnauzennachtotter oder Defilippis Nachtotter bezeichnet, ist eine Art der Vipern und zählt zur Gattung der Krötenvipern (Causus). Das Artepitheton ehrt den italienischen Zoologen Filippo De Filippi.

Merkmale

Causus defilippii besitzt einen kräftigen Körperbau mit kurzem Schwanz. Die Art erreicht eine Gesamtlänge zwischen 30 und 40 cm. Der Kopf setzt sich nur geringfügig vom Hals ab. Er ist länglich-oval geformt und besitzt eine zugespitzte und leicht aufgeworfene Schnauze mit T-förmigem Schnauzenschild. Kopfoberseits zeigen sich große Schuppen. Das relativ große Auge besitzt eine bei Lichteinfall runde Pupille. Der Körper weist eine blassbraune, orangefarbene oder graugrüne Grundfärbung auf. Entlang des Rückens zeichnen sich ein Längsstreifen sowie eine Reihe rundlicher bis V-förmiger Flecken. Am Hinterkopf zeigt sich ein nach hinten offener, heller V-Fleck. Zwischen Auge und Mundwinkel zeichnet sich ein dunkles Schläfenband. Die Flanken sind getupft. Die Bauchseite ist weißgelb und gelegentlich graubraun getupft. Bei Jungtieren ist die Bauchseite häufig schwärzlich gefärbt.

Causus defilippii besitzt einen für Vipern typischen Giftapparat mit seitlich des Schädels befindlichen Giftdrüsen (modifizierte Speicheldrüsen), Giftkanal und röhrenartig aufgebauten, beweglichen Fangzähnen im vorderen Oberkiefer (solenoglyphe Zahnstellung). Über die Zusammensetzung und Pharmakologie des Giftsekrets der Art ist wenig bekannt. Bissunfälle verlaufen beim Menschen zumeist glimpflich und gehen mit Lokalsymptomen (Schwellung, Schmerzen) einher.[1]

Pholidose

Die Pholidose (Beschuppung) zeigt folgende Merkmale:

Verbreitung

Das Verbreitungsgebiet erstreckt sich über Areale in Südostafrika und Südafrika. Zu den besiedelten Habitaten zählen trockene Savannen und Baumland. Causus defilippii kann im Flachland ebenso wie im Hügelland bis in Höhen von circa 1800 m angetroffen werden.

Lebensweise

Causus defilippii ist zumeist nachtaktiv, wird jedoch häufig auch am Tag beobachtet. Sie führt eine weitgehend bodenbewohnende und wühlende Lebensweise. Das Beutespektrum besteht vermutlich ausschließlich aus Amphibien (Froschlurche). Bei Bedrohung setzt sich die Schlange zunächst durch warnende Zischlaute, bei anhaltender Bedrängnis jedoch auch durch vehementes Abwehrverhalten und Bisse zur Wehr.

Fortpflanzung

Zur Paarungszeit können Kommentkämpfe zwischen den Männchen beobachtet werden, bei denen die Rivalen den Vorderkörper aufrichten und sich gegenseitig versuchen nieder zu drücken. Die Fortpflanzung erfolgt durch Oviparie, also eierlegend. Die Eiablage erfolgt zwischen Dezember und Januar. Das Gelege umfasst 3 bis 9 Eier mit Abmessungen von 20 bis 25 mm x 14 bis 16 mm. Die Jungschlangen schlüpfen nach einer Entwicklung von dreieinhalb Monaten und messen beim Schlupf etwa 10 cm.

Literatur

  • Ludwig Trutnau: Schlangen im Terrarium Bd. 2: Giftschlangen. Verlag Ulmer, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-800-1705-23.
  • Mark O'Shea: Giftschlangen – Alle Arten der Welt in ihren Lebensräumen, Franckh-Kosmos-Verlag, 2006. ISBN 978-3-440-10619-8.
  • Dieter Schmidt: Atlas Schlangen – Arten, Haltung, Pflege, bede-Verlag, Ruhmannsfelden, 2006; Nikol Verlag (2009). ISBN 978-3-86820-011-9.

Einzelnachweise

  1. University of Adelaide, Clinical Toxinology Resources: Causus defilippii (aufgerufen am 24. März 2019)
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Schnauzen-Krötenviper: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Die Schnauzen-Krötenviper (Causus defilippii), auch als Schnauzennachtotter oder Defilippis Nachtotter bezeichnet, ist eine Art der Vipern und zählt zur Gattung der Krötenvipern (Causus). Das Artepitheton ehrt den italienischen Zoologen Filippo De Filippi.

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Causus defilippii ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Causus defilippii, commonly known as snouted night adder, is a species of snake in the family Viperidae. The species is endemic to East and Southern Africa. Although its venom is nonlethal to humans, it is still considered medically significant. There are no recognized subspecies.[3][4][5][6]

Etymology

The specific name, defilippii, is in honor of Italian zoologist Filippo De Filippi.[3][7]

Description

The average total length (including tail) of C. defilippii is 20–35 cm (8–14 in), rarely exceeding 50 cm (20 in).[5]

The head is short and wide, and the snout is prominent, pointed and upturned. The rostral is large. The eyes are medium-sized. The circumorbital ring consists of 1–2 preocular scales, 1–2 postoculars and 1–2 suboculars that separate the eye from the supralabials. There are a total of 6–7 supralabials and 7–10 sublabials. The first 3–4 sublabials are in contact with the anterior chin shields. The posterior chin shields are very small and indistinguishable from other posterior scales. The temporal scales number 2+3, sometimes 2+4, and rarely 1+2.[5]

Midbody there are 16–18 rows of weakly keeled dorsal scales that have a velvety appearance. There are 108–128 ventral scales: rarely more than 117 in males, or less than 118 in females. The anal scale is single. The divided subcaudals number 10–19: seldom less than 14 in males, or more than 15 in females.[5]

The color pattern consists of a light brown, pinkish brown to gray or grayish green ground color, overlaid with a series of 20–30 crescent-shaped dark markings that run down the back. However, these marking may be indistinct. The head has a characteristic V-shaped marking with the apex on the frontal plate. There is also an oblique dark streak present behind the eye. The belly is yellowish while, uniformly colored or with scattered small grayish brown spots. Juvenile specimens are commonly a glossy black or gray.[5]

Geographic range

The snouted night adder is found in Tanzania and the Democratic Republic of the Congo southward through Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe to South Africa and Eswatini.[3]

The type locality was originally listed as "Buenos Ayres", obviously a mistake. It was restricted by Broadley (1971) to Africa, Puku.[2]

Habitat

C. defilippii occurs in moist and dry savanna, coastal thickets, and forests from sea level to around 1,800 m (5,900 ft) altitude.[8] It favors moist surroundings, but has also been found in dry areas on rocky hillsides and escarpments.[5]

Behavior

The snouted night adder is generally nocturnal, but not entirely. It is mostly terrestrial, but sometimes climbs into low vegetation in pursuit of frogs, and is also a good swimmer. When not basking, it remains hidden in ground cover, brush piles, and in holes. If disturbed, it inflates itself and hisses.[5] It is slow-moving for the most part, but can strike quickly.[8] In captivity, however, it soon becomes tame and unwilling to strike.[5]

Venom

Little is known about the venom of C. defilippii, but the symptoms described in the few existing case histories include rapid swelling, fever, sometimes intense pain, and occasionally lymphadenopathy. The swelling usually subsided after 2–3 days, and there have not been any reports of necrosis. Currently, there is no antivenin that provides protection against bites from this species.[8]

Diet

C. defilippii preys predominately upon small amphibians.[9]

Reproduction

C. defilippii is oviparous.[3] Clutch size is six to eight eggs, each of which measures 23 x 15 mm (.91 x .59 inches). Each hatchling has a total length (including tail) of around 100 mm (3.9 in).[9]

References

  1. ^ Alexander GJ, Tolley KA (2021). "Causus defilipii ". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T13301008A13301016.en. Accessed on 28 June 2022.
  2. ^ a b McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré TA (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
  3. ^ a b c d Causus defilippii at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 19 June 2021.
  4. ^ "Causus defilippii ". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003). True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.
  6. ^ Spawls S, Branch B (1995). The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Dubai: Oriental Press / Ralph Curtis Books. 192 pp. ISBN 0-88359-029-8.
  7. ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Causus defilippii, p. 67).
  8. ^ a b c Spawls S, Howell K, Drewes R, Ashe J (2004). A Field Guide To The Reptiles Of East Africa. London: A & C Black Publishers Ltd. 543 pp. ISBN 0-7136-6817-2.
  9. ^ a b Branch, Bill (2004). Field Guide to Snakes and other Reptiles of Southern Africa. Third Revised edition, Second impression. Sanibel Island, Florida: Ralph Curtis Books. 399 pp. ISBN 0-88359-042-5. (Causus defilippii, pp. 113–114 + Plate 15).
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Causus defilippii: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Causus defilippii, commonly known as snouted night adder, is a species of snake in the family Viperidae. The species is endemic to East and Southern Africa. Although its venom is nonlethal to humans, it is still considered medically significant. There are no recognized subspecies.

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Causus defilippii ( Estônio )

fornecido por wikipedia ET

Causus defilippii on rästiklaste sugukonna maoliik[2].

Kirjeldus

Causus defilippii keskmine kogupikkus (keha koos sabaga) on 20–35 cm , harva 50 cm.

Pea on lühike ja lai, nokis on esileuletuv, nokisekilbis on suur. Silmad on keskmise suurusega. Silmakilbiste ring koosneb 1–2 silmaeessest , 1–2 silmatagusest ja 1–2 silmaalusest kilbisest mis eraldavad silma ülamokakilbisest. Ülamokakilbiseid on kokku 6–7 ja alamokakilbiseid 7–10. Esimesed 3–4 alamokakilbised on ühenduses eesmiste alalõuakilbistega. Tagumised alalõuakilbised on väikesed ja teistest kilbistest eristamatud. Oimukilbiseid on 2+3, vahel 2+4, ja harva ka 1+2.

Keskkehal on 16–18 rida seljakilbiseid. Kõhukilbiseid 108–128: harva 117 isastel, või ka 118 emastel. Anaalkilbis paaritu. Sabaaluste kilbiste arv 10–19: harvemini 14 isastel, või rohkem kui 15 emastel.

Mao soomuste värvus on varieeruv helepruunist punakaspunase, halli või hallikasrohelise põhjaga, mida ilmestavad (süvendavad) erineva kujuga värvilaigud seljal.

Kõhualune on kollakasvalge. Noored maopojad on läikivmustad või hallid.

Levila

Neid võib kohata roomamas Sambias, Tansaanias, Malawis, Zimbabwes, Mosambiigis, Botswanas, Kongo Demokraatlikus Vabariigis, Lüuna-Aafrika Vabariigis ja Svaasimaal.

Viited

  1. Causus defilippii (JAN, 1862), Roomajate andmebaasi veebiversioon (vaadatud 6.05.2015)(inglise keeles)
  2. Causus defilippii, ADW, veebiversioon (vaadatud 6.05.2015)(inglise keeles)

Selles artiklis on kasutatud prantsuskeelset artiklit fr:Causus defilippii ja ingliskeelset artiklit en:Causus defilippii seisuga 6.05.2015.

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Causus defilippii: Brief Summary ( Estônio )

fornecido por wikipedia ET

Causus defilippii on rästiklaste sugukonna maoliik.

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Causus defilippii ( Basco )

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(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Causus defilippii: Brief Summary ( Basco )

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Causus defilippii Causus generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Viperidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Causus defilippii ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Causus defilippii est une espèce de serpents de la famille des Viperidae[1].

Répartition

Cette espèce se rencontre[1] :

Étymologie

Cette espèce est nommée en l'honneur de Filippo De Filippi[2].

Publication originale

  • Jan, 1863 "1862" : Enumerazione sistematica degli Ofidi appartenenti al Gruppo Coronellidae. Archivio per la zoologia, l'anatomia e la fisiologia, vol. 2, p. 213-330 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

  1. a et b Reptarium Reptile Database, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  2. Beolens, Watkins & Grayson, 2009 : The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, p. 1-296
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Causus defilippii: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Causus defilippii est une espèce de serpents de la famille des Viperidae.

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Causus defilippii ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Causus defilippii là một loài rắn trong họ Rắn lục. Loài này được Jan mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1862.[2]

Hình ảnh

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết về họ Rắn lục này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
  1. ^ McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
  2. ^ Causus defilippii. The Reptile Database. Truy cập ngày 29 tháng 5 năm 2013.
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Causus defilippii: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Causus defilippii là một loài rắn trong họ Rắn lục. Loài này được Jan mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1862.

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