dcsimg

Distribution ( Inglês )

fornecido por ReptileDB
Continent: Asia
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Masbate, Marinduque)
Type locality: Pangasinan Province, Luzon, Philippines.
licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Peter Uetz
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
ReptileDB

Philippinische Kobra ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE
 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet der Philippinischen Kobra

Die Philippinische Kobra (Naja philippinensis), auch Philippinen-Kobra, ist eine Speikobra, die zur Gattung der Echten Kobras gehört und ausschließlich auf den Philippinen vorkommt.

Merkmale

Die Schlange erreicht im Normalfall eine Länge von 1,20 bis 1,60 m, im Einzelfall bis zu 2 m. Die Färbung der Tiere variiert stark zwischen grau, hellbraun, rotbraun, ocker, und dunkelbraun bis fast schwarz. Häufig besitzen die Schlangen eine Nackenzeichnung, welche aus schrägen Streifen besteht. Jungtiere sind dunkelbraun bis olivgrün mit einer hellen, gitterähnlichen Zeichnung auf dem Rumpf. Bei der Philippinischen Kobra hebt sich der abgerundete Kopf kaum vom Körper ab. Wie die meisten Kobras vermag auch sie es, mit Hilfe ihrer verlängerten Nackenrippen, ihren Nacken zu einem Halsschild zu spreizen.[1]

Lebensweise

Sie ist bodenbewohnend, dämmerungs- und nachtaktiv und bevorzugt keinen bestimmten Lebensraum, daher ist sie praktisch überall zu finden. Allerdings hält sie sich gern in der Nähe menschlicher Siedlungen auf, wo Nahrung und Unterschlüpfe in Fülle vorhanden sind. Zur Nahrung zählen in erster Linie Frösche, Kröten, kleine Säugetiere, Vögel, kleine Reptilien sowie gelegentlich auch andere Schlangen.[1]

Zur Fortpflanzung legt sie bis zu 40 Eier in ein geschütztes und feuchtes Versteck. Auffallend bei dieser Art sind die hohe Reizbarkeit und Nervosität. Vor dem Zustoßen macht sie eine Reihe von Drohgebärden und beginnt fast katzenartig zu fauchen.

Toxizität

Das Gift dieser Art wirkt sowohl hämo- als auch neurotoxisch. Die Neurotoxine wirken vor allem postsynaptisch und verhindern dort die Bindung von Acetylcholin an den Rezeptor, wodurch sich der damit verbundene Ionenkanal nicht mehr öffnen kann und es zu einem Polarisationsblock kommt.[2] Der dadurch auftretende Atemstillstand erfordert sofortige medizinische Behandlung. Laut einer Studie zeigten sich bei 38 von 39 Bissopfern Symptome, die auf den neurotoxischen Anteil des Giftes zurückzuführen waren.[3] Diese führten bei 19 zu einer Atemlähmung, drei davon innerhalb von 30 Minuten nach dem Biss.[4] Die Sterblichkeitsrate bei philippinischen Reisbauern lag 1987 bei 107 pro 100.000 und Jahr.[5] Auf den Philippinen wird ein monovalentes Antivenin gegen das Gift hergestellt.[6]

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b M. Lutz: Die Kobras des philippinischen Archipels Teil I: Die Philippinen Kobra, Naja philippinensis Taylor, 1922. In: Sauria. Band 28(3), 2006, S. 5–11.
  2. Allgemeine und spezielle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie. 7. Auflage, Spektrum Verlag, 1996, S. 891, Kapitel 32.10, ISBN 3-8274-0088-0.
  3. G. Watt, L. Padre, M.L. Tuazon, C.G. Hayes: Bites by the Philippine Cobra (Naja naja philippinensis): an Important Cause of Death among Rice Farmers. In: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Band 37, 1987, S. 636–639.
  4. G. Watt, L. Padre, M.L. Tuazon, D.G. Theakston, L. Laughlin: Bites by the Philippine Cobra (Naja naja philippinensis): Prominent Neurotoxicity with Minimal Local Signs. 1988.
  5. G. Watt, L. Padre, M.L. Tuazon, D.G. Theakston, L. Laughlin: Tourniquet Application after Cobra Bite: Delay in the Onset of Neurotoxicity and the Dangers of Sudden Release. In: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Band 38(3), 1988, S. 618–622.
  6. Department of Health, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, FCC, Alabang, Muntinlupa City
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia DE

Philippinische Kobra: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE
 src= Verbreitungsgebiet der Philippinischen Kobra

Die Philippinische Kobra (Naja philippinensis), auch Philippinen-Kobra, ist eine Speikobra, die zur Gattung der Echten Kobras gehört und ausschließlich auf den Philippinen vorkommt.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia DE

Rimoranon ( Bcl )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging_languages
 src=
Rimoranon
 src=
An linalakopan na lugar kan rimoranon

An rimoranon (Naja philippinensis) sarong halas na paratopga nin kamandag na marara nanggad asin ini mas nakukua, asin natural, sa amnayan na parte kan Filipinas. Ini mataba-taba sa panhawakon, mairom an ibabaw asin burikbutikon asin an kasyahan na laba nasarong metro (3.3 pye), alagad pwede umabot 1.6 metro (5.2 pye) kaini an laba[1]. An parteng tulak pwedeng nagpuputi o naggigiyaw-giyaw an kintab.

An katagang rimoranon hale mansana sa rimoran, sarong klaseng huyo sa kadlagan na pig'aagidan sa kolor kan nasabing halas. Sa Tagalog an apod kaini ulupong, sa Ilokano, carasaen, sa Cebuano-bisaya, agawason, asin sa Waray, agwason.

Pagkakan

An rimoranon kinakakan mga kino asin mga kapwa halas man na saradit saiya o kun nakakadakop, nakakan man kan mga gamgam.

Estaran

Nakukua asin lakop an rimoranon sa isla nin Luzon, isla nin Mindoro, Catanduanes asin Masbate. An halas na ini naestar sa mga kapatagan, mga kakadlaganan kun saen harani an mga karaan, kadootan, gobgob na kakahoyan, mga omahan asin sa mga binabanwa kan tawo, parati yaon man nakukua sa mga bungag kan kino. Yaon man ini makukua hararani sa may tubig arog kan salog o li'mawan ta suno kaini an tubig. An sugok kaini matilaba, naabot sarong pulgada an laba na may tibulakang naghahanak-hanak sana kun pilditon.

Kamandag

An rimoranon kayang itopga an saiyang kamandag sa rayong tolong metro asin ini na daa an saro sa pinakamakandag sa mga kobra sa kinaban. Kun natopga, ini nabigak asin na'ansyas patindog sa akto nin pag'atake. An kagat kaini naresulta sa kagadanan huli sa paralisis sa laog sana nin kabangang oras.[2]

Sintomas kun natutuka

An klase kan kamandag yaon sa rimoranon inaapod na "potent neurotoxin". Pag ini nanogwak asin nagsaromsom na sa hawak kan biktima an kamandag, an mga sintomas na namate iyo an kulog-payo, pagdidigwa, pagkaliyo, kulog tulak, pagbugris asin pagpiot kan hinangos, pagkamol pagtaram saka pagtuyob kan salang.[3] An kamandag sarong neurotoxin na apektado an cardiac asin respiratoryong parte kan hawak na pwede magresulta sa kagadanan kun dai mata'wan tolos nin pantambal.

Bulong asin kakanon an rimoranon

Dakul an nagtutubod na an apdo, dugo asin ibang parte kan rimoranon nagsisirbing bulong sa mga kamatean arog kan arthritis, hapo, diabetes asin iba pa. Alagad, an laman kaini, pakahale kan kamandag kaini, pwedeng kakanon. Linuluto na adobo o paksiw.

Mga panluwas na takod

Toltolan

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia emerging_languages

Rimoranon: Brief Summary ( Bcl )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging_languages
 src= Rimoranon  src= An linalakopan na lugar kan rimoranon

An rimoranon (Naja philippinensis) sarong halas na paratopga nin kamandag na marara nanggad asin ini mas nakukua, asin natural, sa amnayan na parte kan Filipinas. Ini mataba-taba sa panhawakon, mairom an ibabaw asin burikbutikon asin an kasyahan na laba nasarong metro (3.3 pye), alagad pwede umabot 1.6 metro (5.2 pye) kaini an laba. An parteng tulak pwedeng nagpuputi o naggigiyaw-giyaw an kintab.

An katagang rimoranon hale mansana sa rimoran, sarong klaseng huyo sa kadlagan na pig'aagidan sa kolor kan nasabing halas. Sa Tagalog an apod kaini ulupong, sa Ilokano, carasaen, sa Cebuano-bisaya, agawason, asin sa Waray, agwason.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia emerging_languages

Philippine cobra ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The Philippine cobra (Naja philippinensis) also called Philippine spitting cobra or northern Philippine cobra, is a stocky, highly venomous species of spitting cobra native to the northern regions of the Philippines. The Philippine cobra is called ulupong in Tagalog, carasaen in Ilocano.

Taxonomy

Naja philippinensis was described by American herpetologist Edward Harrison Taylor in 1922. The generic name naja is a Latinisation of the Sanskrit word nāgá (नाग) meaning "cobra". The specific epithet philippinensis is Latin and literally means "from the Philippine Islands".[3]

Description

The Philippine cobra is a stocky snake of medium length with long cervical ribs capable of expanding, so when threatened, a hood can be formed. The average length of this species is 1.0 metre (3.3 ft).[4] The species can grow to lengths of 1.6 metres (5.2 ft)[4] However, subpopulations of the species, particularly specimens from Mindoro Island, are said to attain lengths of 2 metres (6.6 ft), but these are unconfirmed claims. If true, however, 2 m would be very rare and would be considered the absolute maximum for this species.[5] The head is elliptical, depressed, slightly distinct from neck with a short, rounded snout and large nostrils. The eyes are moderate in size with dark brown and round pupils, typical of other cobra species and similar to other elapids in general. It has a fairly stocky build for an elapid, and adult snakes are uniformly light to medium brown, while the juveniles tend to be a darker brown in color.[4] They have 23-27 scale rows around the neck and 21 just above the middle part of the body; 182-193 ventrals, 36-49 subcaudals, and basal pairs are sometimes undivided.[4][6]

Scalation

There are 23-27 (usually 25) scale rows around neck, 21 (rarely 23) just ahead of mid-body; 182-193 ventrals, 36-49 subcaudals, basal pairs sometimes undivided.[7]

Distribution and habitat

The Philippine cobra occurs mostly in the northern regions of the Philippines. They can be found on the islands of Luzon, Mindoro, Catanduanes, and Masbate. This species likely may occur in other neighboring islands, but this remains unconfirmed. Records from the Calamianes group and Palawan require confirmation.[8]

The Philippine cobra's habitat include low-lying plains and forested regions,[4] along with open fields, grasslands, dense jungle, agricultural fields, and human settlements. This species of cobra is particularly fond of water, so it can be found very close to ponds, rivers, or large puddles of water.[4][9]

Diet

This species feeds predominantly on small mammals, frogs, and even other snakes.[4] Small rodents such as mice and small rats are their preferred prey and make up the majority of their diets. However, they will also eat other sizable snakes, small lizards, frogs, eggs, and when the opportunity arises, small birds.[5][6]

Predators

Predators of this species include humans, birds of prey, the king cobra, and the mongoose.[9] Large rats that have been bitten by this snake and are in a position to fight back, often do so. Although rare, large rats have been known to fatally wound the snake by scratching, biting, or even poking one or both of the snake's eyes out. Of course, the rat ends up succumbing to the venom, but the snake will often sustain eye injury, potentially becoming blind, and severe bites to the snout region leave the snake vulnerable to infections and diseases.[5]

Venom

Although venom toxicity values can vary greatly even among specimens of the same species, the Philippine cobra is considered to possess one of the more toxic venoms among the Naja (cobra) species. According to Tan et al., the murine LD50 via the IV route for this species is 0.18 mg/kg (0.11-0.3 mg/kg).[10] Data on venom yield of 150 milked N. philippinensis specimens (69 males; 81 females) gave an overall average venom yield per cobra per extraction of 0.33 ml (wet) or 70.1 mg (dried).[11]

The venom of the Philippine cobra is a potent postsynaptic neurotoxin which affects respiratory function and can cause neurotoxicity and respiratory paralysis, as the neurotoxins interrupt the transmission of nerve signals by binding to the neuromuscular junctions near the muscles. Research has shown its venom is purely a neurotoxin, with no apparent necrotizing components and no cardiotoxins.[12] These snakes are capable of accurately spitting their venom at a target up to 3 metres (9.8 ft) away. The symptoms of a bite might include headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, and difficulty breathing.[13] Bites by the Philippine cobra produce prominent neurotoxicity with minimal to no local signs. A study of 39 patients envenomed by the Philippine cobra was conducted in 1988. Neurotoxicity occurred in 38 cases and was the predominant clinical feature. Complete Respiratory failure developed in 19 patients, and was often rapid in onset; in three cases, apnea occurred within just 30 minutes of the bite. There were two deaths, both in patients who were moribund upon arrival at the hospital. Three patients developed necrosis, and 14 individuals with systemic symptoms had no local swelling at all. Both cardiotoxicity and reliable nonspecific signs of envenoming were absent. Bites by the Philippine cobra produce a distinctive clinical picture characterized by severe neurotoxicity of rapid onset and minimal local tissue damage.[12]

References

  1. ^ a b "Naja philippinensis". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucn.org. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. ^ a b "Naja philippinensis Taylor, 1922". The Reptile Database. reptile-database.org. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g "Naja philippinensis". Clinical Toxinology Resource. The University of Adelaide. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  5. ^ a b c Lutz, M. 2006. Die Kobras des philippinischen Archipels, Teil I: Die Philippinen-Kobra, Naja philippinensis Taylor 1922. Sauria 28 (3): 5-11
  6. ^ a b Wüster, Wolfgang (1993). "A century of confusion: Asiatic cobras revisited" (PDF). Vivarium. 4 (4): 14–18. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  7. ^ "Bangor University Open Days".
  8. ^ Wüster, Wolfgang (1996). "Taxonomic changes and toxinology: Systematic revisions of the Asiatic cobras (Naja naja species complex)" (PDF). Toxicon. 34 (4): 399–406. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(95)00139-5. PMID 8735239. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  9. ^ a b Wüster, W. & R.S. Thorpe (1990) Systematics and biogeography of the Asiatic cobra (Naja naja) species complex in the Philippine Islands. In G. Peters & R. Hutterer (Eds.), Vertebrates in the Tropics: 333-344. Museum A. Koenig, Bonn (Naja naja) species complex in the Philippine Islands
  10. ^ Wong, KY; Tan, CH; Tan, NH (3 January 2019). "Venom and Purified Toxins of the Spectacled Cobra (Naja naja) from Pakistan: Insights into Toxicity and Antivenom Neutralization". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 94 (6): 1392–1399. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.15-0871. PMC 4889763. PMID 27022154.
  11. ^ Salafranca, ES (1972). "Venom yields of the Philippine cobra, Naja naja philippinensis" (PDF). Zoologica. 57 (3): 127–134. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
  12. ^ a b Watt, G.; Padre L; Tuazon L; Theakston RD; Laughlin L. (September 1988). "Bites by the Philippine cobra (Naja naja philippinensis): prominent neurotoxicity with minimal local signs". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 39 (3): 306–11. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1988.39.306. PMID 3177741.
  13. ^ Envenomation and Treatment

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia EN

Philippine cobra: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The Philippine cobra (Naja philippinensis) also called Philippine spitting cobra or northern Philippine cobra, is a stocky, highly venomous species of spitting cobra native to the northern regions of the Philippines. The Philippine cobra is called ulupong in Tagalog, carasaen in Ilocano.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia EN

Naja philippinensis ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

La Naja philippinensis, también conocida como "Cobra filipina", es una especie de serpiente del género Naja, de la familia Elapidae.

Hallazgo y distribución

La serpiente fue descrita por primera vez por el herpetólogo [estadounidense]], Edward Harrison Taylor, en el año 1922, y es endémica de Filipinas encontrándose en las islas de Luzón, Mindoro, Catanduanes y Masbate y aunque pendiente de verificación podría haber ejemplares en las islas Calamianes y en la isla de Palawan.

Hábitat y características

Se trata de una especie de serpiente venenosa y de comportamiento agresivo que habita en la jungla densa y en campos abiertos; es una cobra que puede llegar a medir hasta 2 metros y que se alimenta de ranas, lagartijas, pájaros y pequeños mamíferos.

Referencias

  • Brown, R.M., Ferner, J.W., Sison, R.V., Gonzales, P.C. and Kennedy, R.S. 1996. Amphibians and reptiles of the Zambales Mountains of Luzon Island, Republic of the Philippines. Herpetological Natural History 4(1): 1-22.
  • Gaulke, M. and Altenbach, A.V. 1994. Contribution on the knowledge of snake fauna of Masbate (Philippines). Herpetozoa 7(1/2): 63-66.
  • "Naja philippinensis - Mario Lutz`s HerpaWorld Institute"

Véase también

 title=
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia ES

Naja philippinensis: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

La Naja philippinensis, también conocida como "Cobra filipina", es una especie de serpiente del género Naja, de la familia Elapidae.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia ES

Naja philippinensis ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia EU

Naja philippinensis: Brief Summary ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Naja philippinensis Naja generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Elapidae familian sailkatuta dago.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia EU

Naja philippinensis ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Naja philippinensis[1] ou cobra des Philippines est une espèce de cobra cracheur très venimeux originaire des régions du nord des Philippines.

Répartition

Cette espèce est endémique des Philippines. Elle se rencontre sur Luçon, sur Mindoro, sur Masbate et sur Marinduque[1].

Description

Le cobra des Philippines du Nord est un serpent trapu de longueur moyenne, capable d'étendre ses longues côtes cervicales comme tous les autres cobras. Il mesure en moyenne entre 1,0 et 1,60 mètre de long. Selon certains, les sous-populations de l'espèce, en particulier les spécimens de l'île de Mindoro, peuvent atteindre les 2 mètres de long, bien que ces revendications n'ont à l'heure actuelle jamais été vérifiées et confirmées.

La tête de cette espèce est de forme elliptique, légèrement distincte du cou avec un museau court et arrondi et de grandes narines. Les yeux sont de taille modeste, rond et sombres, une caractéristique typique des cobras et des élapidés en général. Les adultes possèdent une robe brune tandis que les juvéniles ont tendance à être plus foncés. Ils ont entre 23 et 27 rangées d'écailles autour du cou. Ce serpent compte entre 182 et 193 écailles ventrales et de 36 à 49 sous-caudales.

Étymologie

Son nom d'espèce, composé de philippines et du suffixe latin -ensis, « qui vit dans, qui habite », lui a été donné en référence au lieu de sa découverte.

Publication originale

  • Taylor, 1922 : The snakes of the Philippine Islands. Manila (Bureau of Printing or Science), Monograph, vol. 16, p. 1-312 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia FR

Naja philippinensis: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Naja philippinensis ou cobra des Philippines est une espèce de cobra cracheur très venimeux originaire des régions du nord des Philippines.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia FR

Naja philippinensis ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL
Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Naja philippinensis – gatunek jadowitego węża z rodziny zdradnicowatych.

Występowanie: Na wyspach Filipin: Luzon, Mindoro, Masbate i Marinduque[1].

Opis: Osiąga długość 1 m. Ubarwienie od żółtego do oliwkowobrązowego; brzuch żółto-biały do kremowego. Odpowiedzialna za wiele przypadków śmiertelnych ukąszeń na Filipinach.

Przypisy

  1. Naja philippinensis TAYLOR, 1922 (ang.). The Reptile Database. [dostęp 11 września 2010].

Bibliografia

  • Encyklopedia Dzikich Zwierząt: Sawanny Świata
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autorzy i redaktorzy Wikipedii
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia POL

Naja philippinensis: Brief Summary ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL

Naja philippinensis – gatunek jadowitego węża z rodziny zdradnicowatych.

Występowanie: Na wyspach Filipin: Luzon, Mindoro, Masbate i Marinduque.

Opis: Osiąga długość 1 m. Ubarwienie od żółtego do oliwkowobrązowego; brzuch żółto-biały do kremowego. Odpowiedzialna za wiele przypadków śmiertelnych ukąszeń na Filipinach.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autorzy i redaktorzy Wikipedii
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia POL

Naja philippinensis ( Romeno; moldávio; moldavo )

fornecido por wikipedia RO

Naja philippinensis[4] este o specie de șerpi din genul Naja, familia Elapidae, descrisă de William Randolph Taylor în anul 1922.[5][6] A fost clasificată de IUCN ca specie cu risc scăzut.[1] Conform Catalogue of Life specia Naja philippinensis nu are subspecii cunoscute.[5]

Referințe

  1. ^ a b Naja philippinensis. Lista roșie a speciilor periclitate IUCN. Versiunea 2012.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2009. Accesat în 24 octombrie 2012.
  2. ^ Deraniyagala, P.E.P. (1961) The taxonomy of the cobras of south-eastern Asia, Part 2., Spolia Zeylanica 29:205-232
  3. ^ Deraniyagala, P.E.P. (1960) The taxonomy of the cobras of south-eastern Asia. , Spolia Zeylanica 29:41-63
  4. ^ a b Taylor, E.H. (1922) The snakes of the Philippine Islands., Manila (Bureau of Printing or Science), Monograph 16: 312 pp.
  5. ^ a b Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (2011). „Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Accesat în 24 september 2012. Verificați datele pentru: |access-date= (ajutor)Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor (link)
  6. ^ TIGR Reptile Database . Uetz P. , 2007-10-02


Legături externe

Commons
Wikimedia Commons conține materiale multimedia legate de Naja philippinensis
Wikispecies
Wikispecies conține informații legate de Naja philippinensis


Galerie

Stub icon Acest articol referitor la o reptilă este un ciot. Puteți ajuta Wikipedia prin completarea sa.
Acest infocasetă: v d mvizualizare discuție modificare
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia autori și editori
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia RO

Naja philippinensis: Brief Summary ( Romeno; moldávio; moldavo )

fornecido por wikipedia RO

Naja philippinensis este o specie de șerpi din genul Naja, familia Elapidae, descrisă de William Randolph Taylor în anul 1922. A fost clasificată de IUCN ca specie cu risc scăzut. Conform Catalogue of Life specia Naja philippinensis nu are subspecii cunoscute.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia autori și editori
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia RO

Rắn hổ mang Philippines ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Rắn hổ mang Philippine (tên khoa học Naja philippinensis) là một loài rắn phun nọc rất độc nguồn gốc từ khu vực phía bắc của Philippine. Loài này được Taylor mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1922.[3]

Chú thích

  1. ^ a ă “Naja philippinensis”. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucn.org. Truy cập ngày 7 tháng 1 năm 2012.
  2. ^ “Naja philippinensis TAYLOR, 1922”. The Reptile Database. http://www.reptile-database.org. Truy cập ngày 7 tháng 1 năm 2012.
  3. ^ Naja philippinensis. The Reptile Database. Truy cập ngày 29 tháng 5 năm 2013.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết về họ Rắn hổ này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia VI

Rắn hổ mang Philippines: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Rắn hổ mang Philippine (tên khoa học Naja philippinensis) là một loài rắn phun nọc rất độc nguồn gốc từ khu vực phía bắc của Philippine. Loài này được Taylor mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1922.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia VI

菲律賓眼鏡蛇 ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Naja philippinensis
(Reuss, 1834)

菲律賓眼鏡蛇(學名:Naja philippinensis英語Philippine Cobra),是脊索動物門爬蟲綱有鱗目蛇亞目眼鏡蛇科眼鏡蛇屬的生物。具毒性,主要分布於菲律賓呂宋民都洛卡坦端內斯省馬斯巴特島嶼。在他加祿語中,菲律賓眼鏡蛇又稱「ulupong」。

特徵與習性

菲律賓眼鏡蛇整體比例較其他蛇種短胖,約長1.7,而大部分身處民都洛島更有兩米之長。身體顏色會由年輕時的暗棕色,逐漸蛻為成熟期的淺棕色,喉頸位置有時會有一條黑色的長紋。頸部附近有二十數環的蛇鱗,軀體中部有21環蛇鱗,腹部有182至193環蛇鱗,尾部位置有36至49環蛇鱗。鱗紋分布有時並不平均。

分布及棲身地

菲律賓眼鏡蛇主要分布於菲律賓,除了呂宋諸島之外,亦散見於其它群島;而卡拉綿群島及巴拉望島的蛇蹤紀錄,則尚待進一步的確認。菲律賓眼鏡蛇的棲身地大致為耕地、民眾聚居地及密林之中。

飲食及繁殖

菲律賓眼鏡蛇主要進食類、類及小型的哺乳類動物。雌蛇每次生產10至20枚蛇卵,並會作出60至70天的孵育。

毒性

菲律賓眼鏡蛇最著名的是其劇毒。牠的毒素是所有眼鏡蛇種中最強力的,其毒性主要影響中毒者的心臟機能及呼吸系統,令其在1小時內迅速死亡。

菲律賓眼鏡蛇的蛇毒主要是神經毒素,這些毒素嚴重影響神經訊號的輸送,造成神經與肌肉之間聯繫的障礙,中毒表徵有頭痛、嘔吐、腹痛、腹瀉、暈眩等。兒童中毒後,更會直接出現昏厥或痙攣的反應,這些反應將會是判斷其所中蛇毒種類的重要現象。而被菲律賓眼鏡蛇毒的影響之下,亦會出現低血壓的常見徵狀,可是高血壓甚至心跳過快及過慢等各類現象亦很常見,因此中毒後的實際反常反應可能有極大變化。最終,中毒者會因為呼吸系統癱瘓而死亡。

外部連結

 title=
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
维基百科作者和编辑
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia 中文维基百科

菲律賓眼鏡蛇: Brief Summary ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科

菲律賓眼鏡蛇(學名:Naja philippinensis,英語:Philippine Cobra),是脊索動物門爬蟲綱有鱗目蛇亞目眼鏡蛇科眼鏡蛇屬的生物。具毒性,主要分布於菲律賓呂宋民都洛卡坦端內斯省馬斯巴特島嶼。在他加祿語中,菲律賓眼鏡蛇又稱「ulupong」。

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
维基百科作者和编辑
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia 中文维基百科