dcsimg

Behavior ( Inglês )

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The Dhaman or Indian rat snake (Ptyas mucosus)is a large (up to 3.5 m) colubrid that is found throughout most of southern Asia and western Indonesia. It is often described as a nervous snake, both quick to strike and prone to defensive displays, including the production of a distinctive low frequency sound. As part of its defensive display, this snake mediolaterally compresses the anterior portion of its body and expands its throat region ventrally. During this display, the snake produces a deep, rumbling defensive growl.

There is substantial overlap between the geographic distribution and ecological preferences of the Indian Rat Snakea and the King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah). There are several accounts in the literature describing the Indian Rat Snake as resembling or mimicking the King Cobra, especially with respect to its defensive behavious anddefensive sounds. As part of its defensive display, the King Cobra passes an exhalent airstream over a series of tracheal diverticula which act as resonating chambers, acoustically modifying the hiss into a low frequency growl (Young 1991). While similar tracheal diverticula are found in some other snakes, including a congener of the Indian Rat Snake, P. korros, they are lacking in the Indian Rat Snake (Young 1992). Young et al. (1999) examined the morphological basis of sound production in the Indian Rat Snake in an effort to document the acoustic properties of this defensive sound, the Their analysis confirmedthe acoustic similarities between the growls produced by these two species and yielded some hypotheses regarding the production of these sounds. Given that these sounds are produced only during defensive displays, that these snake species have considerable overlap in geographic range and habitat preference, and that the King Cobra has a highly toxic venom, Young et al. suggest that the defensive growl may indeed be an example of acoustic Batesian mimic.

(Young et al. 1999 and references therein)

Referências

  • Young, B.A. 1992. Tracheal diverticula in snakes: possible functions and evolution. Journal of Zoology 227: 567-583.
  • Young, B.A., J. Solomon, and G. Abishahin. 1999. How many ways can a snake growl? The morphology of sound production in Ptyas mucosus and its potential mimicry of Ophiophagus. Herpetological Journal 9: 89-94.
  • Young, B.A. 1991. The morphological basis of "growling" in the King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah). Journal of Experimental Zoology 260: 275-287.

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Identification Resources ( Inglês )

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Ptyas mucosus has been among the main snake species being harvested in India for the illegal trade in snake skins. A challenge in controlling this trade is the difficulty in confidently identifying skins. Dubey et al. (2009) developed PCR primers for the identification of three snake species, Indian Rock Python, (Python morulus), Indian Cobra (Naja naja), and Rat snake (Ptyas mucosus).They report that their method allows rapid and cost effective discrimination of these commercially exploited snakes based on multiplex amplification of species-specific PCR fragments of different sizes.

Referência

Dubey, Bhawna, P.R. Meganathan, and I. Haque. 2009. Multiplex PCR assay for rapid identification of three endangered snake species of India. Conservation Genetics 10:1861–1864.

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Distribution ( Inglês )

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Continent: Near-East Asia
Distribution: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, China (Chekiang, Hupeh, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Xizang, Hong Kong), India (Maharashtra (Pune (=Poona) district, Nasrapur), Karnataka (Castle Rock) [A. Captain, pers. comm.]), Andamans, Sri Lanka, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java), Iran, Laos, West Malaysia, Nepal, Myanmar Pakistan, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, U.S.S.R., Vietnam maximus: Sri Lanka
Type locality: India
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धामण ( Marathi )

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याला शेतकऱ्याचा मित्र म्हणतात

धामण (english:Common rat snake ; शास्त्रीय नाव:Ptyas mucosus) ही भारतात आढळणारी बिनविषारी सापाची जात आहे. उंदीर व तत्सम प्राण्यांचा फडशा पाडणारी धामण ही मानवमित्र आहे परंतु अज्ञानाअभावी अनेकवेळा ती मारली जाते.

आढळ

धामणीचा आढळ अशियातील बहुतेक देशांमध्ये आहे. भारतात तसेच भारतीय उपखंडात विपुल प्रमाणात आढळते. तिचे मुख्य वसतीस्थान शेती व जंगले आहे. त्यामुळे ग्रामीण भागात हमखास आढळून येते भर शहरात देखील बागांमध्ये हीचा वावर दिसून येतो.

वर्णन

धामीणीला ओळखण्याची सर्वात सोपी खूण म्हणजे तिचे छोटे डोके, मोठे डोळे व जबड्याखालील रेषा. धामण अतिशय लांब असते. सरासरी लांबी ८ ते १० फुट असते व १२ फुटापर्यंत वाढू शकते. धामण ही डोक्यापासून शरीराच्या मध्यापर्यंत जाड होत जाते व शेपटी ही अतिशय टोकदार असते. त्वचा ही हलक्या अथवा गडद हिरव्या, पोपटी, गडद करड्या रंगात असते. नागांशी रंगात व अंगावरील पट्यांमध्ये तसेच लांबीमध्ये मान उंचावून पहाण्याच्या सवयीमध्ये बरेच नागाशी साधर्म्य असल्याने बहुतेकदा नाग समजून धामीणीला मारले जाते. धामणीचा वेग हे तिचे वैशिठ्य आहे. अत्यंत वेगाने हालचाल करून भक्ष्य मिळवण्यात धामण पटाईत आहे.

धामणीचे मुख्य खाद्य उंदीर घुशी व तत्सम कुरतडणारे प्राणी, एक धामण वर्षाला ६० हून अधिक उंदराचा फडशा पाडते त्यामुळे धामण ही शेतकऱ्याची मित्र आहे. महाराष्ट्रात धामणीबद्द्ल माहिती असलेले शेतकरी धामणीचा आदर करतात असे पहाण्यात आले आहे.

मानवी हस्तक्षेप आणि औद्योगिक प्रदूषणामुळे धामणीला विविध आजार होतात. भारतात अजगर आणि नाग वगळता, धामणीवर सगळ्यात जास्त गोचिडी सापडतात. तसेच अल्बिनो (धवलता) नावाचा जनुकीय आजार ही गुजरात आणि विदर्भातून (अमरावती) नोंदविला गेला आहे. हिंदीत हा साप 'घोडापछाड' किवा 'दरश' नावाने प्रसिद्ध आहे.

चित्रदालन

संदर्भ

  • The book of indian Reptiles - Oxford press- BNHS india
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wikipedia emerging languages

धामण: Brief Summary ( Marathi )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

याला शेतकऱ्याचा मित्र म्हणतात

धामण (english:Common rat snake ; शास्त्रीय नाव:Ptyas mucosus) ही भारतात आढळणारी बिनविषारी सापाची जात आहे. उंदीर व तत्सम प्राण्यांचा फडशा पाडणारी धामण ही मानवमित्र आहे परंतु अज्ञानाअभावी अनेकवेळा ती मारली जाते.

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विकिपीडियाचे लेखक आणि संपादक
original
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site do parceiro
wikipedia emerging languages

धामन ( Nepalês )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

धामन वा मुसे सर्प दक्षिण तथा दक्षिणपूर्वी एसियामा पाइने बिषालु सर्पको प्रजाति हो।

सन्दर्भ सूची

  1. १.० १.१ The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  2. Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families...Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers). London. xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I.- XXVIII. (Zamenis mucosus, pp. 385-386.)

बाहिरी कडीहरू

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धामन: Brief Summary ( Nepalês )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

धामन वा मुसे सर्प दक्षिण तथा दक्षिणपूर्वी एसियामा पाइने बिषालु सर्पको प्रजाति हो।

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মচোৱা গোম সাপ ( Assamesa )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages
 src=
Scale pattern
 src=
An oriental rat snake found in southern India.

মচোৱা গোম সাপ (ইংৰাজী: oriental ratsnake, বৈজ্ঞানিক নাম- Ptyas mucosa)ক সাধাৰণতে Indian rat snake বুলিও জনা যায়৷ [3] or dhaman,[1] এই সাপবিধ দক্ষিণ আৰু দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াত সতকাই দেখা পোৱা এবিধ সাপৰ প্ৰজাতি৷ মচোৱা গোম সাপ এবিধ ডাঙৰ আকাৰৰ সাপ আৰু ইয়াৰ দেহৰ বৰণ শেঁতা মটিয়াৰ পৰা ক'লাবৰণৰ পৰ্যন্ত হ'ব পাৰে৷ নগৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰ নিগনিৰ আধিক্য থকা অঞ্চলত এই সাপবিধ সততে দেখিবলৈ পোৱা যায়৷

বিৱৰণ

মচোৱা গোম সাপৰ দেহৰ ওপৰভাগ মটিয়া বৰণৰ আৰু দেহৰ পিছৰ অংশত আৰু নেজত ক'লা পথালি আঁচ কিছুমান থাকে৷ পোৱালি মচোৱা গোম সাপৰ দেহৰ সন্মুখভাগত অস্পষ্টভাৱে এনে ক'লা বৰণীয়া পথালি আঁচ থাকে৷ ইয়াৰ দেহৰ তলৰ অংশ হালধীয়া বৰণীয়া৷[4]

বিতৰণ

আফগানিস্তান, বাংলাদেশ, ম্যানমাৰ, কম্বোডিয়া, চীণ, ভাৰত, শ্ৰীলংকা, ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া, ইৰাণ, লাওছ, মালয়েছিয়া , নেপাল, পাকিস্তান , টাইৱান, থাইলেণ্ড, ভিয়েটনাম আদি দেশত এই সাপিধ বিস্তৃত হৈ আছে৷

আচৰণ

ভাবুকি পালে এই সাপবিধে গোঁজৰাৰ দৰে শব্দ কৰিব পাৰে৷ বিজ্ঞানীসকলে আই আচৰণটোক ৰাজফেঁটী সাপ ( King Cobra) ৰ অনুকৰণ (mimicry) বুলি ধাৰণা কৰিছে৷ [5]

খাদ্য

প্ৰজনন

আলোকচিত্ৰৰ ভঁৰাল

তথ্যসুত্ৰ

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  2. Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families...Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers). London. xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I.- XXVIII. (Zamenis mucosus, pp. 385-386.)
  3. Das, I. 2002. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of India. Ralph Curtis Books. Sanibel Island, Florida. 144 pp. ISBN 0-88359-056-5. (Ptyas mucosa, p. 43.)
  4. Boulenger, G.A. (1890). "Reptilia and batrachia". The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Secretary of State for India in Council. http://books.google.com/books?id=q8AYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA277&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4#v=onepage&q&f=false। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 13-3-2012.
  5. Young, B.A., Solomon, J., Abishahin, G. 1999 How many ways can a snake growl? The morphology of sound production in Ptyas mucosus and its potential mimicry of Ophiophagus. Herpetological Journal 9 (3):89-94

লগতে চাওক

  • David, P., and I. Das. 2004. On the grammar of the gender of Ptyas Fitzinger, 1843 (Serpentes: Colubridae). Hamaddryad 28 (1 & 2): 113-116.
  • Günther, A. 1898. Notes on Indian Snakes in Captivity. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 7, 1: 30-31. (Zamenis mucosus, p. 30.)
  • Jan, G., & F. Sordelli. 1867. Iconographie générale des Ophidiens: Vingt-quatrième livraison. Baillière. Paris. Index + Plates I.- VI. ("Coryphodon Blumenbachi, Merr.", Plate III., Figures 2-4.)
  • Lazell, J.D. 1998. Morphology and the status of the snake genus Ptyas. Herpetological Review 29 (3): 134.
  • Linnaeus, C. 1858. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, diferentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. L. Salvius. Stockholm. 824 pp. (Coluber mucosus, p. 226.)
  • Morris, P.A. 1948. Boy's Book of Snakes: How to Recognize and Understand Them. A volume of the Humanizing Science Series, edited by Jacques Cattell. Ronald Press. New York. viii + 185 pp. ("The Indian Rat Snake", pp. 136-137, 181.)
  • Nixon, A.M.A., and S. Bhupathy. 2001. Notes on the occurrence of Dhaman (Ptyas mucosus) in the higher altitudes of Nilgiris, Western Ghats. Cobra (44): 30-31.
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মচোৱা গোম সাপ: Brief Summary ( Assamesa )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages
 src= Scale pattern  src= An oriental rat snake found in southern India.

মচোৱা গোম সাপ (ইংৰাজী: oriental ratsnake, বৈজ্ঞানিক নাম- Ptyas mucosa)ক সাধাৰণতে Indian rat snake বুলিও জনা যায়৷ or dhaman, এই সাপবিধ দক্ষিণ আৰু দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াত সতকাই দেখা পোৱা এবিধ সাপৰ প্ৰজাতি৷ মচোৱা গোম সাপ এবিধ ডাঙৰ আকাৰৰ সাপ আৰু ইয়াৰ দেহৰ বৰণ শেঁতা মটিয়াৰ পৰা ক'লাবৰণৰ পৰ্যন্ত হ'ব পাৰে৷ নগৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰ নিগনিৰ আধিক্য থকা অঞ্চলত এই সাপবিধ সততে দেখিবলৈ পোৱা যায়৷

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ଢମଣା ସାପ ( Oriá )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages
 src=
ଢମଣା ସାପର କାତି
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ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ଭାରତର ଏକ ଢମଣା ସାପ

ଢମଣା ସାପ ବା ଢାମଣା ସାପକୁ ଇଂରାଜୀରେ oriental ratsnake[୧] (ପ୍ରାଚ୍ୟ ଦେଶର ମୂଷାଖିଆ ସାପ), Indian rat snake[୩] (ଭାରତୀୟ ମୂଷାଖିଆ ସାପ), 'ଡାରାଶ୍' ବା ଢାମନ୍,[୧] ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଏ । ଏହି ସାପ କୋଲୁବ୍ରିଡ୍ ପ୍ରଜାତିର ଏବଂ ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ତଥା ଦକ୍ଷିଣ-ପୂର୍ବ ଏସିଆରେ ଅଧିକାଂଶରେ ଦେଖାଯାନ୍ତି । ଢ଼ମଣା ସାପ ଆକାରରେ ବଡ଼ ଏବଂ ପ୍ରାୟ ୨ ମିଟର୍ (୬.୬ ଫୁଟ୍) ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ବଢ଼ନ୍ତି (କିଛି ଢମଣା ସାପ ପ୍ରାୟ ୩ ମିଟର୍ ବା ୯.୮ ଫୁଟ୍ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ବଢ଼ିବା ଦେଖାଯାଇଛି) । ସ୍ଥାନାନୁଯାୟୀ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ରଙ୍ଗରେ ପାର୍ଥକ୍ୟ ଦେଖାଯାଏ । ଶୁଷ୍କ ଅଞ୍ଚଳର ଢମଣା ସାପମାନେ ଫିକା ମାଟିଆ ରଙ୍ଗର ହୋଇଥିବା ବେଳେ ଆର୍ଦ୍ର ଅଞ୍ଚଳର ଢମଣା ସାପମାନେ ଗାଢ଼ ଓ ପ୍ରାୟ କଳା ରଙ୍ଗର ହୋଇଥାନ୍ତି । ଢମଣା ସାପ ମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ ଦିବାଚର ଏବଂ ବିଷହୀନ ହୋଇଥାନ୍ତି । ଏମାନେ କିଛି ମାତ୍ରାରେ ବୃକ୍ଷ ଇତ୍ୟାଦିରେ ଚଢ଼ିବା ସହିତ ଦ୍ରୁତ ବେଗରେ ଗତି ମଧ୍ୟ କରିପାରନ୍ତି । ବହୁ କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ରାକାର ପ୍ରାଣୀଙ୍କୁ ଢମଣା ସାପ ଆହରଣ କରିଥାଏ, ତେବେ ପ୍ରାୟତଃ ଏହି ସାପ ଜନବସତି ଆଖାପାଖି ଅଞ୍ଚଳରେ ଦେଖାଯାନ୍ତି, ଯେଉଁଠାରେ ମୂଷା ଏମାନଙ୍କ ଖାଦ୍ୟର ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଉପାଦାନ ଥାଏ ।

ଢମଣା ସାପର ବିଭିନ୍ନ ସାଧାରଣ ନାମ

ଭୌଗୋଳିକ ବ୍ୟାପ୍ତି

ଆଫଗାନିସ୍ତାନ, ବଙ୍ଗଳାଦେଶ, ବ୍ରହ୍ମଦେଶ (ବା ମ୍ୟାଁମାର୍), କାମ୍ବୋଡ଼ିଆ, ଚୀନ (ଝେଜିଆଂ, ହୁବେଇ, ଜିଆଂଜି, ଫୁଜିଆନ୍, ଗ୍ୱାଂଗଡୋଂ, ହାଇନାନ୍, ଗୁଆଂଜି, ୟୁନାନ୍, ତିବ୍ବତ, ହଂକଂ), ଭାରତ, ଶ୍ରୀଲଙ୍କା, ଇଣ୍ଡୋନେସିଆ (ସୁମାତ୍ରା, ଜାଭା, ବାଲି), ଇରାନ, ଲାଓସ୍, ପଶ୍ଚିମ ମାଲେସିଆ, ନେପାଳ, ପାକିସ୍ତାନ (ସିନ୍ଧ ଅଞ୍ଚଳ), ତାଇୱାନ୍, ଥାଇଲ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡ୍, ତୁର୍କମେନିସ୍ତାନ, ଭିଏତ୍‍ନାମ

"Ptyas mucosa" ପ୍ରଜାତିର ଢମଣା ସାପ ଭାରତରେ ଦେଖାଯାନ୍ତି ।

ଶତ୍ରୁ

ବଡ଼ ଓ ସ୍ୱାବଲମ୍ବୀ ଢମଣା ସାପଙ୍କୁ ଅନେକ ଶତ୍ରୁର ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହେବାକୁ ପଡ଼ିଥାଏ । ଏମାନଙ୍କ ପରିବାସରେ ରହୁଥିବା ଆଉ ଏକ ସାପ ଅହିରାଜ ଏମାନଙ୍କୁ ଶିକାର କରି ଖାଇଥାନ୍ତି । ସାନ ଆକାରର ଢମଣା ସାପ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଶିକାରୀ ପକ୍ଷୀ (ଯଥା - ଚିଲ, ଛଞ୍ଚାଣ, ବାଜ), ବଡ଼ ସରୀସୃପ, ମଧ୍ୟମ ଆକାରର ସ୍ତନ୍ୟପାୟୀ ଜୀବ (ଯଥା - ନେଉଳ) ଇତ୍ୟାଦିଙ୍କ ଯୋଗୁଁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁମୁଖରେ ପଡ଼ିଥାନ୍ତି ।[୪]

ଢମଣା ଓ ତାଙ୍କ ପ୍ରଜାତିର ସାପମାନଙ୍କୁ ମନୁଷ୍ୟମାନେ ମଧ୍ୟ ବହୁ ସମୟରେ କାତି ବା ମାଂସ ପାଇଁ ମାରି ପକାଇଥାନ୍ତି । ଚୀନ ଓ ଇଣ୍ଡୋନେସିଆ ପରି ଦେଶରେ ଢମଣା ପାଳନ ଓ ବ୍ୟବସାୟ ସମ୍ପର୍କିତ ନିୟମାବଳୀ ରହିଥିଲେ ହେଁ ବହୁ ସମୟରେ ଲୋକେ ଏହାର ଅବମାନନା କରିଥାନ୍ତି ।[୫]

ବିବରଣୀ

ନିଜ ପୁସ୍ତକ Fauna of British India: Reptilia and Batrachiaର ୧୮୯୦ରେ ପ୍ରକାଶିତ ସଂସ୍କରଣରେ ଜର୍ଜ୍ ଆଲବର୍ଟ୍ ବୌଲେଙ୍ଗର୍ ଢମଣା ସାପର ବିବରଣୀ ଦେଇ କହିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ:

ଟିକେ ଆଗକୁ ବାହାରି ଆସିଥିବା ସ୍ଥୂଳ ଥୋମଣି;
ବଡ଼ ବଡ଼ ଆଖି, ଦୁଇ ଆଖି ମଧ୍ୟଭାଗ ପ୍ରଶସ୍ତ;

[୬]

ଅଜଗର ପରେ ଶ୍ରୀଲଙ୍କା ଦେଶରେ ଢମଣା ହେଉଛି ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ବୃହତ୍ତମ ସାପ ।

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ଢମଣା ସାପ
Indian Rat Snake
ମୂଷାଖିଆ ଢମଣା ସାପ

ବ୍ୟବହାର

ଢମଣା ସାପର ବେଗ ଖୁବ୍ ତୀବ୍ର, ସହଜରେ ଉତ୍ତେଜନଶୀଳ କିନ୍ତୁ ମନୁଷ୍ୟଙ୍କୁ କୌଣସି କ୍ଷତି ପହଞ୍ଚାନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ । ଯନ୍ତା ବା ସର୍ପଗୃହରେ ପାଳିତ ଢମଣା ନିଜ ନିଜ କ୍ଷେତ୍ର ବାଛିନେଇଥାନ୍ତି । କେହି ତାଙ୍କ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରକୁ ଆସିଲେ ଆକ୍ରଣାତ୍ମକ ହୋଇଉଠନ୍ତି । ଢମଣା ସାପ ମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ ଦିବାଚର ଓ କେବେ କେବେ ଗଛ ଚଢ଼ିବା ଦେଖାଯାଏ । ଏମାନେ ମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ ଜଙ୍ଗଲ, ଆର୍ଦ୍ରଭୂମି, ଧାନବିଲ, ଚାଷଜମି, ଗ୍ରାମ ଓ ସହରମାନଙ୍କରେ ଦେଖାଯାନ୍ତି ଏବଂ କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ରାକାର ସରୀସୃପ, ସ୍ତନ୍ୟପାୟୀ, ପକ୍ଷୀ ତଥା ବେଙ୍ଗଜାତୀୟ ପ୍ରାଣୀଙ୍କୁ ଆହାର ଭାବେ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିଥାନ୍ତି । କୋଲୁବ୍ରିଡ୍ ପ୍ରଜାତିର ଅନ୍ୟ ସାପମାନେ ଶିକାର ଦେହରେ ଗୁଡ଼େଇତୁଡ଼େଇ ହୋଇ ତାକୁ ଶ୍ୱାସରୁଦ୍ଧ କରି ମାରୁଥିବା ବେଳେ, ଢମଣା ଶିକାର ଉପରେ ବସି ନିଜ ଓଜନ ଭାରରେ ଶିକାରକୁ ବଳହୀନ କରିବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କରେ ।[୪][୭]

ବସନ୍ତର ଶେଷ ଓ ଗ୍ରୀଷ୍ମର ଆରମ୍ଭ ସମୟ ହେଉଛି ଢମଣାମାନଙ୍କ ମିଳନ ସମୟ । କ୍ରାନ୍ତୀୟ ଅଞ୍ଚଳର ଢମଣାମାନେ ବର୍ଷତମାମ ପ୍ରଜନନ କରିବା ଦେଖାଯାଇଛି । ଦୁଇଟି ଅଣ୍ଡିରା ଢମଣା ସାପ ପରସ୍ପର ଦେହରେ ଗୁଡ଼େଇ ହୋଇ ବା ପରସ୍ପର ଉପରକୁ ଚଢ଼ିବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କରନ୍ତି ଓ ନିଜ ପ୍ରତିଦ୍ୱନ୍ଦୀକୁ ଦବାଇବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କରନ୍ତି । ଲୋକେ ଏପ୍ରକାର ବ୍ୟବହାରକୁ ଅଣ୍ଡିରା ଓ ମାଈ ଢମଣାର “ମିଳନ ନୃତ୍ୟ” ବା “ରତିକ୍ରୀଡ଼ା” ବୋଲି ମଧ୍ୟ କୁହନ୍ତି ଯାହା ଏକ ଭ୍ରାନ୍ତ ଧାରଣା ।[୭] ମିଳନର ଅନେକ ସପ୍ତାହ ପରେ ମାଈ ଢମଣା ସାପର ଗର୍ଭାଶ୍ରୟର ପ୍ରତି ମୁଣିରେ ୬ଟିରୁ ୧୫ଟି ଲେଖାଏଁ ଅଣ୍ଡା ଉତ୍ପନ୍ନ ହୁଏ ।[୪][୭]

ଢମଣା ସାପ ଉତ୍ତେଜିତ ହେଲେ ସୁ-ସୁ କରି ଗର୍ଜନ କରେ ଓ ନିଜର ବେକକୁ ଫୁଲାଇ ଦେଇଥାଏ । ଏପରି ବ୍ୟବହାର ନାଗ ସାପ ବା ଅହିରାଜଙ୍କଠାରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଦେଖାଯାଇଥାଏ ।[୮] କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହି ବ୍ୟବହାର ଯୋଗୁଁ ମନୁଷ୍ୟମାନେ ଢମଣା ପରି ବିଷହୀନ ସାପକୁ ଭୟଙ୍କର ବୋଲି ମନେ କରି ବହୁ ସମୟରେ ହତ୍ୟା କରନ୍ତି ।[୪][୭]

ନାମକରଣ

ଜୀବଙ୍କ ନାମକରଣର ଅନ୍ତର୍ଜାତୀୟ କୋଡ଼୍ (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) ଅନୁସାରେ ନିଜ ମୂଳ ଜାତିରୁ ହିଁ ପ୍ରାଣୀର ନାମ ରଖାଯାଇଥାଏ ।

ଲୋକକଥା ଓ ସଂସ୍କୃତିରେ ଢମଣା

ଜେ. ଇ. କ୍ୟାରିଂଟନ୍ ଟର୍ଣ୍ଣର୍‍ଙ୍କ ପୁସ୍ତକ Maneaters & Memories (ମ୍ୟାନ୍‍ଇଟର୍‍ସ୍ ଏଣ୍ଡ୍ ମେମୋରିସ୍, ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ – ନରଭକ୍ଷକ ଓ ସ୍ମୃତି ସମୂହ) ପୁସ୍ତକରେ ଦୁଇଟି ଦୁଗ୍ଧପ୍ରିୟ ଢମଣା ସାପଙ୍କ ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ ରହିଛି ।[୯]

  • ଲେଖକ ନିଜର ଜଣେ ଆରକ୍ଷୀ ଅଧୀକ୍ଷକ ବନ୍ଧୁଙ୍କ ଘର ବଗିଚାରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ମାଟିଆ ରଙ୍ଗର ଢମଣା ସାପ ବୁଲୁଥିବାର ଦେଖିଥିଲେ । ତାହାକୁ ବନ୍ଧୁ ନିଜ ପୋଷା ଢମଣା ବୋଲି କହିଥିଲେ ଓ କେବେ ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟା ସମୟରେ ଆସି ତାଙ୍କ ଦାବି ସତ ନା ମିଛ ପରଖିନେବାକୁ କହିଥିଲେ । ପରଦିନ ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାରେ ଲେଖକ ଦେଖିଲେ ଯେ ଢମଣା ସାପଟି ଆସି ସେମାନେ ବସିଥିବା ସ୍ଥାନ ନିକଟକୁ ବିନା ଦ୍ୱିଧାରେ ଆସି ବଗିଚାରେ ଥିବା ଏକ ଗିନାରୁ ସବୁତକ କ୍ଷୀର ପିଇବା ପରେ ଚାଲିଯାଇଥିଲା । ସାପଟି ପ୍ରତିଦିନ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ସମୟରେ ଆସି କ୍ଷୀର ପିଇ ଚାଲିଯାଉଥିଲା ବୋଲି ଏହି କାହାଣୀରେ ଲେଖା ଅଛି ।[୯]
  • ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ କାହାଣୀରେ ଲେଖକ କହିଛନ୍ତି ଯେ ସେ ଅଲମୋରାରେ ଥିବା ସମୟରେ ଏକ ଗାଈ କିଣିଥିଲେ । ଗାଈଟି କିଛି ଦିନ ଭଲ ପରିମାଣର କ୍ଷୀର ଦେଇଥିଲା କିନ୍ତୁ କିଛି ମାସ ପରେ ଆଉ ସେତେ ପରିମାଣର କ୍ଷୀର ଦେଲାନାହିଁ । ସୁସ୍ଥ ସବଳ ଗାଈଟି ଏତେ ଯତ୍ନ ସତ୍ତ୍ୱେ ଭଲ କ୍ଷୀର କାହିଁକି ଦେଉନାହିଁ ବୋଲି ଚିନ୍ତାରେ ଥିବାବେଳେ ଲେଖକଙ୍କ ଗୋପାଳକ ସନ୍ଦେହ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରିଥିଲା ଯେ ରାତିରେ କେହି ଜଣେ ଆସି ଗାଈର ପଛ ଗୋଡ଼ ଦୁଇଟିକୁ ବାନ୍ଧି କ୍ଷୀର ଚୋରି କରିନେଉଛି । ରାତିରେ ଜଗିବା ପରେ ଲେଖକ ଜାଣିବାକୁ ପାଇଥିଲେ ଯେ ସବୁଦିନ ଢମଣା ସାପଟିଏ ଆସି ଗାଈର ପଛ ଗୋଡ଼ ଦୁଇଟିରେ ଗୁଡ଼େଇ ହୋଇଯାଉଥିଲା ଏବଂ ପରେ ଗାଈର ପହ୍ନାରେ ମୁହଁ ଲଗାଇ ସେଥିରୁ କ୍ଷୀର ପିଇ ଚାଲିଯାଉଥିଲା ।[୯]

ଏକ ଓଡ଼ିଆ ପ୍ରବାଦ ଆରେ ଢମଣା, ବୁଲି ବୁଲି ପୁଣି ସେଇ ଅଗଣାରେ ଏହି ସାପର ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ ରହିଛି । ଏକ ସମୟରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ମତାମତ ବା ବିଷୟକୁ ବିରୋଧ କରି ପରେ ପୁଣି ମତ ବଦଳାଇ ସେହି ବିଷୟର ସମର୍ଥକ ହୋଇଗଲେ ଏପରି କୁହାଯାଇଥାଏ । ଇଂରାଜୀରେ ଏହାର ଅର୍ଥକୁ “The force of destiny is universally admitted.” ବୋଲି ମଧ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଇପାରିବ । [୧୦]

ଚିତ୍ର ଗ୍ୟାଲେରୀ

ଆଧାର

  1. ୧.୦ ୧.୧ ୧.୨ ୧.୩ The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  2. Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families...Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers). London. xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I.- XXVIII. (Zamenis mucosus, pp. 385-386.)
  3. Das, I. 2002. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of India. Ralph Curtis Books. Sanibel Island, Florida. 144 pp. ISBN 0-88359-056-5. (Ptyas mucosa, p. 43.)
  4. ୪.୦ ୪.୧ ୪.୨ ୪.୩ http://www.snakesoftaiwan.com/Ptyas%20mucosa/species_ptyas_mucosa.htm
  5. https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.traffic.org%2Fspecies-reports%2Ftraffic_species_reptiles25.pdf
  6. Boulenger, G.A. (1890), "Reptilia and batrachia", The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, London: Secretary of State for India in Council, 1 (Google eBook), retrieved 2012-03-13
  7. ୭.୦ ୭.୧ ୭.୨ ୭.୩ http://www.siam-info.com/english/snakes_ptyas.html
  8. Young, B.A., Solomon, J., Abishahin, G. 1999 How many ways can a snake growl? The morphology of sound production in Ptyas mucosus and its potential mimicry of Ophiophagus. Herpetological Journal 9 (3):89-94
  9. ୯.୦ ୯.୧ ୯.୨ J.E. Carrington Turner (1959). Maneaters & Memories. Dehra Dun: Natraj Publishers.
  10. https://github.com/coldbreeze16/Granthakeeta/blob/master/Dictionary%20of%20Proverbs/proverbs.dsl

ଆହୁରି ପଢ଼ନ୍ତୁ

  • David, P., and I. Das. 2004. On the grammar of the gender of Ptyas Fitzinger, 1843 (Serpentes: Colubridae). Hamaddryad 28 (1 & 2): 113-116.
  • Günther, A. 1898. Notes on Indian Snakes in Captivity. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 7, 1: 30-31. (Zamenis mucosus, p. 30.)
  • Jan, G., & F. Sordelli. 1867. Iconographie générale des Ophidiens: Vingt-quatrième livraison. Baillière. Paris. Index + Plates I.- VI. ("Coryphodon Blumenbachi, Merr.", Plate III., Figures 2-4.)
  • Lazell, J.D. 1998. Morphology and the status of the snake genus Ptyas. Herpetological Review 29 (3): 134.
  • Linnaeus, C. 1858. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, diferentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. L. Salvius. Stockholm. 824 pp. (Coluber mucosus, p. 226.)
  • Morris, P.A. 1948. Boy's Book of Snakes: How to Recognize and Understand Them. A volume of the Humanizing Science Series, edited by Jacques Cattell. Ronald Press. New York. viii + 185 pp. ("The Indian Rat Snake", pp. 136–137, 181.)
  • Nixon, A.M.A., and S. Bhupathy. 2001. Notes on the occurrence of Dhaman (Ptyas mucosus) in the higher altitudes of Nilgiris, Western Ghats. Cobra (44): 30-31.
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ଢମଣା ସାପ: Brief Summary ( Oriá )

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 src= ଢମଣା ସାପର କାତି  src= ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ଭାରତର ଏକ ଢମଣା ସାପ

ଢମଣା ସାପ ବା ଢାମଣା ସାପକୁ ଇଂରାଜୀରେ oriental ratsnake (ପ୍ରାଚ୍ୟ ଦେଶର ମୂଷାଖିଆ ସାପ), Indian rat snake (ଭାରତୀୟ ମୂଷାଖିଆ ସାପ), 'ଡାରାଶ୍' ବା ଢାମନ୍, ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଏ । ଏହି ସାପ କୋଲୁବ୍ରିଡ୍ ପ୍ରଜାତିର ଏବଂ ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ତଥା ଦକ୍ଷିଣ-ପୂର୍ବ ଏସିଆରେ ଅଧିକାଂଶରେ ଦେଖାଯାନ୍ତି । ଢ଼ମଣା ସାପ ଆକାରରେ ବଡ଼ ଏବଂ ପ୍ରାୟ ୨ ମିଟର୍ (୬.୬ ଫୁଟ୍) ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ବଢ଼ନ୍ତି (କିଛି ଢମଣା ସାପ ପ୍ରାୟ ୩ ମିଟର୍ ବା ୯.୮ ଫୁଟ୍ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ବଢ଼ିବା ଦେଖାଯାଇଛି) । ସ୍ଥାନାନୁଯାୟୀ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ରଙ୍ଗରେ ପାର୍ଥକ୍ୟ ଦେଖାଯାଏ । ଶୁଷ୍କ ଅଞ୍ଚଳର ଢମଣା ସାପମାନେ ଫିକା ମାଟିଆ ରଙ୍ଗର ହୋଇଥିବା ବେଳେ ଆର୍ଦ୍ର ଅଞ୍ଚଳର ଢମଣା ସାପମାନେ ଗାଢ଼ ଓ ପ୍ରାୟ କଳା ରଙ୍ଗର ହୋଇଥାନ୍ତି । ଢମଣା ସାପ ମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ ଦିବାଚର ଏବଂ ବିଷହୀନ ହୋଇଥାନ୍ତି । ଏମାନେ କିଛି ମାତ୍ରାରେ ବୃକ୍ଷ ଇତ୍ୟାଦିରେ ଚଢ଼ିବା ସହିତ ଦ୍ରୁତ ବେଗରେ ଗତି ମଧ୍ୟ କରିପାରନ୍ତି । ବହୁ କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ରାକାର ପ୍ରାଣୀଙ୍କୁ ଢମଣା ସାପ ଆହରଣ କରିଥାଏ, ତେବେ ପ୍ରାୟତଃ ଏହି ସାପ ଜନବସତି ଆଖାପାଖି ଅଞ୍ଚଳରେ ଦେଖାଯାନ୍ତି, ଯେଉଁଠାରେ ମୂଷା ଏମାନଙ୍କ ଖାଦ୍ୟର ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଉପାଦାନ ଥାଏ ।

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சாரைப்பாம்பு ( Tâmil )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

சாரைப்பாம்பு (Ptyas mucosus, Indian Ratsnake, அல்லது Oriental Ratsnake) எனப்படுவது தெற்கு மற்றும் தென்கிழக்காசியப் பகுதிகளில் பரவலாகக் காணப்படும் ஒரு நச்சுத் தன்மையற்ற பாம்பு. இவ்வகைப் பாம்புகள் நாகப்பாம்புகளுடன் உடலுறவு கொள்ளும் என்ற பரவலான நம்பிக்கை முற்றிலும் தவறானது.

உடல் தோற்றம் பற்றிய விளக்கம்

  • கழுத்தை விட தலையின் அளவு பெரியது.
  • கண்கள் பெரிய அளவோடும் கண்மணி (pupil of the eye) வட்டமாகவும் இருக்கும்.
  • செதில்கள் வழுவழுப்பாகவும் மேல்வரிசை இணைப்புடையதாகவும் இருக்கும்.

நிறம்

  • சாரைப்பாம்பு பல நிறங்களில் காணப்படுகிறது - வெளிர் மஞ்சள், ஒலிவு பச்சை [சைதூண்] - மஞ்சள் கலந்த பச்சை, பழுப்பு மற்றும் கருப்பு.
  • உடலில் கருங்குறிகள் காணப்படுகின்றன - குறிப்பாக, வாலில் தெளிவாகக் காணப்படுகின்றன.
  • உடலின் அடிப்பகுதியில் தெளிவான கரும் பட்டைகள் காணப்படுகின்றன.

உடல் அளவு

  • பொரியும் போது: 32 - 47 செ.மீ
  • முதிர்வடைந்த பின்: 200 செ.மீ
  • அதிகபட்சமாக: 350 செ.மீ

இயல்பு

  • மிக வேகமாக நகரக்கூடியது; சுறுசுறுப்பாக இயங்கக்கூடியது.
  • பகலிரவு வேட்டையாடி.
  • நல்ல மரமேறி.
  • பல்வகை வாழ்விடங்களிலும் வாழக்கூடியது -- கடற்கரையோரம், வறண்ட பிரதேசம், நீர் நிறைந்த இடம், மலைப்பாங்கான இடம், திறந்தவெளி மற்றும் காடு.
  • எலி வலைகளும், கரையான் புற்றுகளும் சாரைப்பாம்பின் விருப்பமான தங்குமிடங்கள்.

உணவு

முட்டை

தனித்துவமான இயல்புகள்

  • பிடிக்க முயன்றால் மிக வேகமாக தப்பித்து விடும் -- அல்லது தப்பிக்க முனையும்.
  • சுற்றி வளைக்கப்பட்டால், கழுத்தையும் உடலின் முன் பகுதியையும் உப்பமாறு செய்து, ஒரு வித முனகல் அல்லது சன்னமான உருமல் சத்தத்தை ஏற்படுத்தும்; ஆக்ரோஷமாக குத்தும்.
  • வளர்ந்த பெரிய சாரைப்பாம்புகளின் கடி வலி மிகுந்ததாக இருந்தாலும் நச்சுத்தன்மை அற்றது; ஆபத்தை விளைவிக்காது.

பரவல்

தெற்கு ஆசியா மற்றும் தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியா முழுவதிலும் காணப்படுகிறது -- கடல் மட்டத்திலிருந்து 4000 மீ உயரம் வரை.

சாரைப்பாம்பு -- படிமங்கள்

உருவ ஒற்றுமை கொண்ட பிற பாம்புகள்

தகவல் உதவி

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சாரைப்பாம்பு: Brief Summary ( Tâmil )

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சாரைப்பாம்பு (Ptyas mucosus, Indian Ratsnake, அல்லது Oriental Ratsnake) எனப்படுவது தெற்கு மற்றும் தென்கிழக்காசியப் பகுதிகளில் பரவலாகக் காணப்படும் ஒரு நச்சுத் தன்மையற்ற பாம்பு. இவ்வகைப் பாம்புகள் நாகப்பாம்புகளுடன் உடலுறவு கொள்ளும் என்ற பரவலான நம்பிக்கை முற்றிலும் தவறானது.

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ගැරඬියා ( Cingalês )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages
  1. 1.0 1.1 The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  2. Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families...Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers). London. xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I.- XXVIII. (Zamenis mucosus, pp. 385-386.)
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විකිපීඩියා කතුවරුන් සහ කතුවරුන්
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ගැරඬියා: Brief Summary ( Cingalês )

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↑ The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org. Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families...Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers). London. xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I.- XXVIII. (Zamenis mucosus, pp. 385-386.)
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විකිපීඩියා කතුවරුන් සහ කතුවරුන්
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Ptyas mucosa ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Scale pattern

Ptyas mucosa, commonly known as the oriental ratsnake,[2] Indian rat snake,[4] darash or dhaman,[2] is a common non-venomous species of colubrid snake found in parts of South and Southeast Asia. Dhamans are large snakes. Typical mature total length is around 1.5 to 1.95 m (4 ft 11 in to 6 ft 5 in) though some exceed 2 m (6 ft 7 in). The record length for this species was 3.7 m (12 ft 2 in), second only to their cousin Ptyas carinata among living colubrid snakes.[5][6] Despite their large size, oriental ratsnakes are usually quite slender with even a specimen of 2 m (6 ft 7 in) commonly measuring 4 to 6 cm (1.6 to 2.4 in) only around in diameter.[7] Furthermore, the average weight of ratsnakes caught in Java was around 877 to 940 g (1.933 to 2.072 lb), though larger males of over 2.3 m (7 ft 7 in) (which average mildly larger of the two sexes in the species) may easily weigh over 2.5 kg (5.5 lb).[8] Their color varies from pale browns in dry regions to nearly black in moist forest areas. Rat snakes are diurnal, semi-arboreal, non-venomous, and fast-moving. Rat snakes eat a variety of prey and are frequently found in urban areas where rodents thrive.

Geographic range

Found in Afghanistan, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Cambodia, China (Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Tibet, Hong Kong), Taiwan, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Bali), Iran, Laos, West Malaysia, Nepal, Myanmar, Pakistan (Sindh area), Thailand, Turkmenistan and Vietnam.[9][10]

Predators

Adult rat snakes have no natural predators, although younger specimens are the natural prey of King cobras that overlap them in their range. Juveniles fear birds of prey, larger reptiles, and mid-sized mammals. They are wary, quick to react, and fast-moving.[11]

A juvenile with a scratch from a street cat

Rat snakes and related colubrids are aggressively hunted by humans in some areas of their range for skins and meat. Harvesting and trade regulations exist in China and Indonesia, but these regulations are often ignored.[12]

Description

An oriental rat snake found in southern India.

Description from Boulenger's Fauna of British India: Reptilia and Batrachia volume of 1890:

Snout obtuse, slightly projecting; eye large; rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the prefrontals; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals or slightly shorter; usually three loreals; one large preocular, with a small subocular below; two postoculars; temporals 2+2; 8 Upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; 5 Lower labials in contact with the anterior chin shields, which are shorter than the posterior; the latter in contact anteriorly. Dorsal scales in 17 rows at midbody, more or less strongly keeled on the posterior part of the body. Ventrals 190–208; anal divided; subcaudals 95–135, divided. Brown above, frequently with more or less distinct black crossbands on the posterior part of the body and on the tail; young usually with light crossbands on the front half of the body. Lower surface yellowish; the posterior ventral and the caudal shields may be edged with black.[13]

It is the second largest snake in Sri Lanka, after the Indian rock python.

Behavior

Ptyas mucosa
Indian rat snake on a branch
Indian rat snake on a branch

Rat snakes, though harmless to humans, are fast-moving, excitable snakes. In captivity, they are territorial and may defend their turf aggressively, attempting to startle or strike at passing objects. Rat snakes are diurnal and semi-arboreal. They inhabit forest floors, wetlands, rice paddies, farmland, and suburban areas where they prey upon small reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals. Adults, unusually for a colubrid, prefer to subdue their prey by sitting on it rather than by constricting, using body weight to weaken prey.[11][14]

Rat snakes mate in late spring and early summer, though in tropical areas reproduction may take place year round. Males establish boundaries of territory using a ritualised test of strength in which they intertwine their bodies. The behaviour is sometime misread by observers as a "mating dance" between opposite-sex individuals.[14] Females produce 6–15 eggs per clutch several weeks after mating.[11][14]

Adult members of this species emit a growling sound and inflate their necks when threatened. This adaptation may represent mimicry of the king cobra or Indian cobra which overlaps this species in range.[15] The resemblance often backfires in human settlements, though, as the harmless animal may be mistaken for a venomous snake and killed.[11][14]

Nomenclature

The International Code for Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) directs that the grammatical gender of any given species name should follow logically from the gender of its associated genus name. As Ptyas is a feminine word form (from πτυάς, a Greek word for a venom-spitting snake), the proper form of the species name is mucosa (a Late Latin word meaning "slimy"). Reference materials older than 2004 often show the masculine form, mucosus, and the CITES list continues to list the species this way.[16][17][18]

Gallery

References

  1. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  2. ^ a b c d The Reptile Database:Ptyas mucosa, Reptile-database.org.
  3. ^ Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ... Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers). London. xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I.- XXVIII. (Zamenis mucosus, pp. 385–386.)
  4. ^ Das, I. 2002. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of India. Ralph Curtis Books. Sanibel Island, Florida. 144 pp. ISBN 0-88359-056-5. (Ptyas mucosa, p. 43.)
  5. ^ Auliya, M. (2010). Conservation Status and Impact of Trade on the Oriental Rat Snake Ptyas mucosa in Java, Indonesia. TRAFFIC Southeast Asia.
  6. ^ Das, I. (2015). A field guide to the reptiles of South-East Asia. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  7. ^ Nicholson, E. (1893). Indian Snakes: An Elementary Treatise on Ophiology with a Descriptive Catalogue of the Snakes Found in India and the Adjoining Countries. Higgibotham and Company.
  8. ^ Sabarno, M.Y., Santosa, Y. & Prihadi, N. (2012). Trading System, Abundance and Habitat Characteristic of Oriental Rat-snake Ptyas mucosus (Linnaeus 1758) in Central Java. Bogor Agricultural University.
  9. ^ "Ptyas mucosa". Reptile-database.reptarium.cz. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  10. ^ "Ptyas mucosa". Indiabiodiversity.org. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  11. ^ a b c d "Ptyas mucosa - Dhaman (Oriental) Ratsnake". Snakesoftaiwan.com. Archived from the original on 18 November 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  12. ^ "traffic_species_reptiles25.pdf" (PDF).
  13. ^ Boulenger, G.A. (1890). Reptilia and batrachia. The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. 1. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. Retrieved 2012-03-13.
  14. ^ a b c d "Siam-info.com". 77.siam-info.com.
  15. ^ Young, B.A., Solomon, J., Abishahin, G. 1999. "How many ways can a snake growl? The morphology of sound production in Ptyas mucosus and its potential mimicry of Ophiophagus". Herpetological Journal 9 (3):89–94.
  16. ^ Auerbach, Paul S. (October 31, 2011). Wilderness Medicine E-Book: Expert Consult Premium Edition - Enhanced Online Features. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-1455733569 – via Google Books.
  17. ^ Roe, Dilys (January 11, 2002). Making a Killing Or Making a Living: Wildlife Trade, Trade Controls, and Rural Livelihoods. IIED. ISBN 9781843692157 – via Google Books.
  18. ^ "CASE STUDY ON PTYAS MUCOSUS – A PROPOSED NDF METHOD FOR INDONESIA (JAVA)" (PDF). Cites.org. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
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Ptyas mucosa: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN
Scale pattern

Ptyas mucosa, commonly known as the oriental ratsnake, Indian rat snake, darash or dhaman, is a common non-venomous species of colubrid snake found in parts of South and Southeast Asia. Dhamans are large snakes. Typical mature total length is around 1.5 to 1.95 m (4 ft 11 in to 6 ft 5 in) though some exceed 2 m (6 ft 7 in). The record length for this species was 3.7 m (12 ft 2 in), second only to their cousin Ptyas carinata among living colubrid snakes. Despite their large size, oriental ratsnakes are usually quite slender with even a specimen of 2 m (6 ft 7 in) commonly measuring 4 to 6 cm (1.6 to 2.4 in) only around in diameter. Furthermore, the average weight of ratsnakes caught in Java was around 877 to 940 g (1.933 to 2.072 lb), though larger males of over 2.3 m (7 ft 7 in) (which average mildly larger of the two sexes in the species) may easily weigh over 2.5 kg (5.5 lb). Their color varies from pale browns in dry regions to nearly black in moist forest areas. Rat snakes are diurnal, semi-arboreal, non-venomous, and fast-moving. Rat snakes eat a variety of prey and are frequently found in urban areas where rodents thrive.

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Ptyas mucosa ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES
 src=
Cabeza de la "Serpiente rata"

Ptyas mucosa es una especie de serpiente de la familia Colubridae. Se distribuye por el sur y sureste de Asia.[3]​ Son serpientes grandes, crecen hasta los 2 metros y su color varía del marrón pálido en regiones secas a casi negro en las zonas de bosque húmedo. Con frecuencia se encuentran en zonas urbanas donde abundan los roedores. Uno de sus pocos depradadores naturales es la cobra real (Ophiophagus hannah).[cita requerida]

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentra presente en las siguientes regiones: Afganistán, Bangladés, Myanmar, Camboya, China (Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Tíbet, Hong Kong), India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java), Irán, Laos, Malasia Peninsular, Nepal, Pakistán (área de Sindh), Taiwán, Tailandia, Turkmenistán y Vietnam.[cita requerida]

Descripción

Hocico obtuso, ligeramente saliente; ojo grande; rostral un poco más amplio que profundo, visible desde arriba; sutura entre las internasales menor que entre los prefrontales; un preocular grande, con un pequeño subocular abajo;dos postoculars; temporales 2 2; 8 supralabiales, cuarto y quinto entrando en contacto con la órbita del ojo; 5 infralabiales en contacto con los escudos del mentón anterior, que son más cortos que los posteriores; el último en contacto anterior. Escamas dorsales en 17 filas a mitad del cuerpo, más o menos fuertemente quilladas en la parte posterior del cuerpo. Número de ventrales 190-208; placa anal dividida; número de subcaudales 95-135, divididos.[4]

Anteriormente marrón, con bandas negras sobre la parte posterior del cuerpo y la cola; los jóvenes generalmente tienen rayas la mitad delantera del cuerpo. Superficie inferior amarillenta; el ventral posterior y los escudos caudales pueden tener bordes negros.[4]

Comportamiento

Cuando se sienten amenazadas son capaces de hacer un ruido como un gruñido. Se ha sugerido que pueden hacerlo para imitar a la cobra real. Sin embargo, esta imitación a menudo resulta ser una desventaja si la serpiente convive en un área poblada; ya que al ser confundida con una especie venenosa es matada.[cita requerida]

Referencias

  1. a b The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  2. Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families...Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers). London. xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I.- XXVIII. (Zamenis mucosus, pp. 385-386.)
  3. Das, I. 2002. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of India. Ralph Curtis Books. Sanibel Island, Florida. 144 pp. ISBN 0-88359-056-5. (Ptyas mucosa, p. 43.)
  4. a b Boulenger, G.A. (1890), «Reptilia and batrachia», The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma (London: Secretary of State for India in Council), 1 (Google eBook), consultado el 13 de marzo de 2012.

 title=
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Ptyas mucosa: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES
 src= Cabeza de la "Serpiente rata"

Ptyas mucosa es una especie de serpiente de la familia Colubridae. Se distribuye por el sur y sureste de Asia.​ Son serpientes grandes, crecen hasta los 2 metros y su color varía del marrón pálido en regiones secas a casi negro en las zonas de bosque húmedo. Con frecuencia se encuentran en zonas urbanas donde abundan los roedores. Uno de sus pocos depradadores naturales es la cobra real (Ophiophagus hannah).[cita requerida]

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Ptyas mucosa ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Ptyas mucosa: Brief Summary ( Basco )

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Ptyas mucosa Ptyas generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Colubridae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Ptyas mucosa ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Ptyas mucosa est une espèce de serpents de la famille des Colubridae[1].

Répartition

Cette espèce se rencontre de l'Iran au Caucase russe, en République Populaire de Chine, à taiwan et aux îles de Java et Sumatra en Indonésie[1].

Description

Ptyas Mucosus(Rat Snake) in Parassinikadavu Snake Park.jpg
AB123 - Anal scale divided.JPG
AB087 Ptyas mucosos.JPG

C'est un serpent ovipare qui peut mesurer jusqu'à 3,5 m[1].

Publication originale

  • Linnaeus, 1758 : Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, ed. 10 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

  1. a b et c (en) Référence Reptarium Reptile Database : Ptyas mucosa
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Ptyas mucosa: Brief Summary ( Francês )

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Ptyas mucosa est une espèce de serpents de la famille des Colubridae.

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Bandotan Macan ( Indonésio )

fornecido por wikipedia ID
 src=
Pola sisik
 src=
Bandotan Macan yang ditemukan di India selatan.

Bandotan macan (Ptyas mucosa) atau Ular-tikus India, adalah spesies ular tikus yang tersebar luas di Asia Selatan hingga Asia Tenggara.[6][4]

Pengenalan

Panjang tubuhnya mencapai 3.2 meter. Kepala bagian atas berwarna cokelat tua. Tubuh bagian atas berwarna cokelat kekuningan, cokelat zaitun, atau kelabu agak gelap, dan pada setiap sisik punggungnya dihiasi garis tepian antarsisik berwarna hitam. Pada sisi badannya, terdapat motif garis-garis agak miring yang berwarna hitam atau putih. Bagian bawah tubuhnya berwarna putih kelabu, cokelat pucat, atau kuning pucat, dengan belang-belang garis tipis berwarna hitam yang membatasi antara dua sisik perut.[7]

Sebaran Geografis

Bandotan macan tersebar luas mulai dari Pakistan bagian tenggara, India (Distrik Assam, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nasrapur), Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, Tiongkok bagian tenggara (Chekiang, Hupeh, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Xizang, Hong Kong), Vietnam, Kamboja, Thailand, Malaysia, dan Indonesia (Sumatera, Bangka-Belitung, Jawa, Madura, Bali, dan Kalimantan).[4]

Ekologi dan perilaku

Bandotan macan dapat ditemukan di berbagai habitat, mulai dari hutan hujan, hutan belukar, hutan terbuka, rawa-rawa, pinggiran hutan, perkebunan, persawahan, dan di pemukiman penduduk.[7]

Makanan

Ular ini aktif pada siang hari. Biasanya ular ini berkeliaran di rerumputan, tumpukan kayu, irigasi, dan juga tempat pembuangan sampah, dimanapun ular ini dapat menemukan tikus sawah dan tikus rumah sebagai makanannya. Selain tikus, ular ini juga memangsa kadal, katak/kodok, dan burung.[8][9]

Pemangsa

Bandotan macan hampir tidak memiliki pemangsa alami selain ular anang. Ular yang masih muda sangat rawan jadi mangsa hewan lain, terutama burung elang, unggas, dan biawak.[10]

Reproduksi

Bandotan macan berkembang biak dengan bertelur (ovipar). Jumlah telur yang dihasilkan sebanyak 6 hingga 18 butir. Anak ular yang baru menetas berukuran panjang 37 sampai 47 meter.[7]

Galeri

Referensi

  1. ^ Aspiring National Geopark of Gunung Sewu, Java, Indonesia
  2. ^ Sioux - Identifikasi dan Penanganan Ular Indonesia
  3. ^ Bab Ipost Revisi
  4. ^ a b c d http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Ptyas&species=mucosa&exact%5B0%5D=species
  5. ^ Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families...Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers). London. xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I.- XXVIII. (Zamenis mucosus, pp. 385-386.)
  6. ^ Das, I. 2002. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of India. Ralph Curtis Books. Sanibel Island, Florida. 144 pp. ISBN 0-88359-056-5. (Ptyas mucosa, p. 43.)
  7. ^ a b c http://ularindonesian.blogspot.com/p/ptyas-mucosus.html
  8. ^ Snakes of Thailand - Ptyas
  9. ^ Young, B.A., Solomon, J., Abishahin, G. 1999 How many ways can a snake growl? The morphology of sound production in Ptyas mucosus and its potential mimicry of Ophiophagus. Herpetological Journal 9 (3):89-94
  10. ^ Traffic - Conservation Status and Impact of Trade on the Oriental Rat Snake Ptyas mucosa in Java, Indonesia

  • David, P., and I. Das. 2004. On the grammar of the gender of Ptyas Fitzinger, 1843 (Serpentes: Colubridae). Hamaddryad 28 (1 & 2): 113-116.
  • Günther, A. 1898. Notes on Indian Snakes in Captivity. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 7, 1: 30-31. (Zamenis mucosus, p. 30.)
  • Jan, G., & F. Sordelli. 1867. Iconographie générale des Ophidiens: Vingt-quatrième livraison. Baillière. Paris. Index + Plates I.- VI. ("Coryphodon Blumenbachi, Merr.", Plate III., Figures 2-4.)
  • Lazell, J.D. 1998. Morphology and the status of the snake genus Ptyas. Herpetological Review 29 (3): 134.
  • Linnaeus, C. 1858. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, diferentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. L. Salvius. Stockholm. 824 pp. (Coluber mucosus, p. 226.)
  • Morris, P.A. 1948. Boy's Book of Snakes: How to Recognize and Understand Them. A volume of the Humanizing Science Series, edited by Jacques Cattell. Ronald Press. New York. viii + 185 pp. ("The Indian Rat Snake", pp. 136–137, 181.)
  • Nixon, A.M.A., and S. Bhupathy. 2001. Notes on the occurrence of Dhaman (Ptyas mucosus) in the higher altitudes of Nilgiris, Western Ghats. Cobra (44): 30-31.

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Bandotan Macan: Brief Summary ( Indonésio )

fornecido por wikipedia ID
 src= Pola sisik  src= Bandotan Macan yang ditemukan di India selatan.

Bandotan macan (Ptyas mucosa) atau Ular-tikus India, adalah spesies ular tikus yang tersebar luas di Asia Selatan hingga Asia Tenggara.

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Ular Tikus Biasa ( Malaio )

fornecido por wikipedia MS

Ular Tikus Biasa (Ptyas mucosus) [1] ialah sejenis ular.

Rujukan

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Ular Tikus Biasa: Brief Summary ( Malaio )

fornecido por wikipedia MS

Ular Tikus Biasa (Ptyas mucosus) ialah sejenis ular.

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Rắn hổ trâu ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Rắn hổ trâu hay rắn long thừa, rắn hổ hèo, rắn hổ dện (vện), rắn ráo trâu (danh pháp hai phần: Ptyas mucosa) là một loài rắn thuộc họ Rắn nước.

Đặc điểm

Loài rắn này có thể dài tới 2 m. Màu của nó biến thiên từ nâu nhạt ở những vùng khô tới gần như đen ở những khu rừng ẩm ướt. Nói chung nó hay được tìm thấy ở khu vực ven đô thị, nơi số lượng các loài gặm nhấm khá phong phú. Nó hoạt động về ban ngày, không độc và di chuyển nhanh.

Phân bố

Loài này phân bố ở Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Campuchia, Trung Quốc (Chiết Giang, Hồ Bắc, Giang Tây, Phúc Kiến, Quảng Đông, Hải Nam, Quảng Tây, Vân Nam, Tây Tạng, Hồng Kông), Ấn Độ, Sri Lanka, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java), Iran, Lào, Tây Malaysia, Nepal, Myanma, Pakistan (khu vực Sindh), Đài Loan, Thái Lan, Turkmenistan, Việt Nam.

Danh pháp đồng nghĩa

  • Coluber blumenbachii - Merrem, 1820
  • Coluber dhumna - Cantor, 1839
  • Coluber mucosus — Lazell, 1998
  • Coryphodon blumenbachii - Duméril & Bibron, 1854
  • Leptophis trifrenatus - Hallowell, 1861
  • Natrix mucosa — Laurenti, 1768
  • Ptyas blumenbachii — Fitzinger, 1843
  • Ptyas mucosa — David & Das, 2004
  • Ptyas mucosusSharma, 2004
  • Ptyas mucosus — Cox et al., 1998
  • Ptyas mucosus — Günther, 1864
  • Ptyas mucosus — Manthey & Grossmann, 1997
  • Ptyas mucosus — Pinou & Dowling, 2000
  • Ptyas mucosus — Smith, 1943
  • Ptyas mucosus — Stejneger, 1907
  • Ptyas mucosus maximus Deraniyagala, 1955
  • Zamenis mucosus - Boulenger, 1890
  • Zamenis mucosus — Boulenger, 1893
  • Zaocys mucosus — Wall, 1921

Xem thêm

 src= Wikimedia Commons có thư viện hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Rắn hổ trâu
  • Günther A. 1898 Notes on Indian snakes in captivity. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 1: 30
  • Lazell J. D. 1998 Morphology and the status thuộc chi snake "Ptyas". Herpetological Review 29 (3): 134
  • Nixon A. M. A. & Bhupathy S., 2001 Notes on the occurrence of Dhaman (Ptyas mucosus) in the higher altitudes of Nilgiris, Tây Ghats. Cobra, (44):30-31

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ a ă The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  2. ^ Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families...Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers). London. xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I.- XXVIII. (Zamenis mucosus, pp. 385-386.)

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan phân họ rắn Colubrinae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Rắn hổ trâu: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Rắn hổ trâu hay rắn long thừa, rắn hổ hèo, rắn hổ dện (vện), rắn ráo trâu (danh pháp hai phần: Ptyas mucosa) là một loài rắn thuộc họ Rắn nước.

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Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
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wikipedia VI

滑鼠蛇 ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
Disambig gray.svg 關於其他同樣叫南蛇的蟒蛇,請見「印度蟒」。

滑鼠蛇[註 1]學名Ptyas mucosus)又稱華鼠蛇水南蛇水律蛇菜蛇南蛇華錦蛇,是游蛇科鼠蛇屬的一种無毒蛇。

特征

滑鼠蛇长达2米多;背面黄褐色,后部有不规则黑色的横斑;头部为黑褐色,黑色唇鳞缝;黄白色腹面,腹鳞后缘两侧为黑色。

分布

廣泛生活於平原和山地、在中國主要分佈於華南(包括香港[2][3])、西南各省,台灣越南泰國等地也有分佈,是一種比較大型的蛇類。滑鼠蛇嗜吃類,在廣東農村有人人工放養以驅滅農田害鼠,除了鼠類,滑鼠蛇亦會捕食其他蛇類作為食物。

习性

滑鼠蛇雖然食物範圍較廣,但均是肉食性的,而且根本不吃死去的動物屍體,僅僅只吃自己捕殺的獵物。

滑鼠蛇擅長游泳,往往可在河流或湖泊裡發現牠們。牠們也會捕食魚類,但鼠類還是牠們最愛的獵物。

溫度是對滑鼠蛇的生理起重要作用的外界因素之一。在過低的環境溫度下,滑鼠蛇處於冬眠狀態,此時,滑鼠蛇不能捕食任何動物,溫度升高,滑鼠蛇開始有捕食活動,但捕食量與溫度卻沒有相關關係。

 src=
鱗型
  •  src=

  •  src=

    头顶

  •  src=

    颞叶

  •  src=

    头下部

  •  src=

    腹部

  •  src=

    鳞片

  •  src=

    鳞片

  •  src=

    鳞片

  •  src=

    长尾

  •  src=

    颞叶(红圈)

註釋

  1. ^ 正確分詞:【滑】【鼠蛇】

參考文獻

  • ?. BiodiversConserv: 2037.
  • Günther, A. 1898 Notes on Indian snakes in captivity. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 1: 30
  • Lazell,J.D. 1998 Morphology and the status of the snake genus "Ptyas". Herpetological Review 29 (3): 134
  • Nixon, A. M. A.; Bhupathy, S. Notes on the occurrence of Dhaman (Ptyas mucosus) in the higher altitudes of Nilgiris, Western Ghats. Cobra. 2001, 44: 30–31 (英语).
  1. ^ Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families...Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers). London. xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I.- XXVIII. (Zamenis mucosus, pp. 385-386.)
  2. ^ Ptyas mucosus (Linnaeus, 1758) Common Rat Snake 水律 (Non-venomous). Reptile of Hong Kong (香港大學生物科學學校). [2018-12-04] (英语).
  3. ^ 鄉村蛇竇幼蛇闖民宅覓食 累六兄弟同就擒. 頭條日報. 2018-10-02: 4 (中文(繁體)‎). 使用|accessdate=需要含有|url= (帮助)
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维基百科作者和编辑
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wikipedia 中文维基百科

滑鼠蛇: Brief Summary ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
Disambig gray.svg 關於其他同樣叫南蛇的蟒蛇,請見「印度蟒」。

滑鼠蛇(學名:Ptyas mucosus)又稱華鼠蛇、水南蛇、水律蛇、菜蛇、南蛇、華錦蛇,是游蛇科鼠蛇屬的一种無毒蛇。

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维基百科作者和编辑
original
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wikipedia 中文维基百科

ナンダ ( Japonês )

fornecido por wikipedia 日本語
ナンダ AB083 Ptyas mucosos.JPG
ナンダ Ptyas mucosus
保全状況評価 ワシントン条約附属書II 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 爬虫綱 Reptilia : 有鱗目 Squamata 亜目 : ヘビ亜目 Serpentes : ナミヘビ科 Colubridae : ナンダ属 Ptyas : ナンダ P. mucosus 学名 Ptyas mucosus
(Linnaeus, 1758) 和名 ナンダ 英名 Oriental ratsnake

ナンダ(南蛇、学名Ptyas mucosus)は、ナミヘビ科ナンダ属に分類されるヘビ

分布[編集]

アフガニスタンイランインドインドネシアジャワ島スマトラ島)、カンボジアタイ中国南部、台湾トルクメニスタンネパールパキスタンバングラデシュベトナムマレーシアマレー半島)、ミャンマーラオス

形態[編集]

最大全長320cm。体色は黒や褐色。下半身や尾には不鮮明な横縞が入り、尾では網目状の斑紋になることもある。

眼は大型で、視覚は優れている。上下の唇にある鱗(上唇板、下唇板)の間は黒い。

生態[編集]

草原森林、農耕地等様々な環境に生息する。地表棲。昼行性。外敵に襲われると素早く逃げる。

食性は動物食で両生類、爬虫類、鳥類、小型哺乳類等を食べる。獲物は締め殺さず押さえつけて圧殺してから食べる。

繁殖形態は卵生で、1回に6-14個の卵を産む。

人間との関係[編集]

中国では食用とされることもある。調理法としては唐揚げ等がある。食用の乱獲のため生息数は激減している。

ペットとして飼育されることもあり、日本にも輸入されている。主に野生個体が流通し、生息地では保護されているため流通量は少ない。性質は神経質で環境の変化に弱く、飼育は難しい。

参考文献[編集]

  • 『小学館の図鑑NEO 両生類はちゅう類』、小学館、2004年、123頁。
  • 山田和久『爬虫・両生類ビジュアルガイド ヘビ』、誠文堂新光社、2005年、96頁。

関連項目[編集]

 src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、ナンダに関連するメディアがあります。

外部リンク[編集]


執筆の途中です この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますPortal:生き物と自然プロジェクト:生物)。
 title=
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direitos autorais
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
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site do parceiro
wikipedia 日本語

ナンダ: Brief Summary ( Japonês )

fornecido por wikipedia 日本語

ナンダ(南蛇、学名:Ptyas mucosus)は、ナミヘビ科ナンダ属に分類されるヘビ

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia 日本語