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Description ( Inglês )

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A moderate to large newt. Fully grown adults can attain more than 170 mm in total length (90 mm in snout-vent length). The total length of most individuals is between 130 and 170 mm. Tail is shorter than the snout-vent length. Head is wide and flat, and trunk is stout and fat. Skin is very smooth with mucus. Small nostrils situated at tip of the somewhat flat snout. Eyes are small, and located at or anterior to the jaw angle. Well developed labial folds are present on upper jaw. Two lines of vomerine teeth orient in a ¦«-shaped manner, converging anteriorly. Transverse gular fold is often obvious on the ventral side. Parotoid region is evident, but the parotoid gland itself is absent (Sauvage 1876). Some specimen exhibits a vertebral groove. Both limbs are short and weak with respect to the robust body. When forelimb and hind limb are pressed towards each other against the flank, digits never meet (Fei et al. 2006). The fingers and toes are short, and their tips are flat and rounded. Webs are present at the base of digits in some animals, whereas others are nearly half-webbed. The lengths of fingers are 3 > 2 > 4 > 1, and the lengths of toes are 3 > 4 > 2 > 5 > 1. Tail is rounded at the anterior half, and become laterally compressed for the posterior half. Sexually mature males possess papillae at the cloaca. Juveniles have relatively longer limbs, but otherwise are similar to adults.Animals are dark brown to light yellow on the dorsal side in life. Ventral color is lighter to even bright orange. Numerous black dots are scattered around the body and tail, and intensify on the dorsum (Fei et al. 2006). When preserved in alcohol, the background color becomes palish brown on top and ivory brown below (Chang 1936). The size and density of black dots varies intraspecifically. Some newts lack black dots on the ventral side, and some are entirely spotless (Fei et al. 2006). During the breeding season, males develop a few white spots near the tip of the tail.Pachytriton is a common newt in the commercial pet trade. Novel color patterns are frequently being recognized, providing the basis of classifying new phenotypes. Thiesmeier and Hornberg (1997) described two potential new species (Pachytriton A and B in their paper) and discussed their difference to the two named species, mainly in the context of coloration. The males of Pachytriton A exhibited ornamental white and blue spots throughout the tail during mating season, making this phenotype most sexually dimorphic. Otherwise the adults are chromatically similar to P. brevipes. However, juveniles of Pachytriton A are spotless (similar to the coloration of P. labiatus) but develop black dots when older. Thus Thiesmeier and Hornberg (2003) considered Pachytriton A as closer to P. labiatus. Correspondingly, Pachytriton B lacks the distinctive dark spots as in P. brevipes, but has small dorsolateral red flecks stretching like ribbon which can be observed in P. labiatus. Yet the animal is brighter and much flatter and stouter than characteristic P. labiatus. Scholz (1998) reported the discovery of Pachytriton C, which is cloudy brown with vague black flecks dorsally and dirty orange underneath. In contrast to the normal smooth skin found in Pachytriton, the skin of Pachytriton C is relatively rough. Lastly, Raffaelli and Wallays (pers. comm.) have distinguished a fourth new phenotype called Pachytriton D, which is the largest among all. The extremely wide head and muscular long limbs are diagnostic to congeners. Small diffused dark spots are visible on dark brown to chocolate brown dorsum, and lichen-like yellow markers are present on the ventral side.

Referências

  • IUCN, Conservation International, and NatureServe. 2006. Global Amphibian Assessment: Pachytriton brevipes. www.globalamphibians.org. Accessed on 5 May 2008.
  • Pope, C. H. (1931). ''Notes on amphibians from Fukien, Hainan, and other parts of China.'' Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 61, 397-611.
  • Sauvage, H. E. (1876). ''Sur quelques Batraciens de la Chine.'' L. Inst. (N. S.)., Paris, 4, 274-275.
  • Scholz, K. P. (1998). ''Über eine rauhhäutige Pachytriton-Art.'' Salamandra, 34, 375-380.
  • Thiesmeier, B., and Hornberg, C. (1997). ''Paarung, Fortpflanzung and Larvalentwicklung von Pachytriton sp. (Pachytriton A) nebst Bemerkungen zur Taxonomie der Gattung.'' Salamandra, 33, 97-110.
  • Thiesmeier, B., and Hornberg, C. (2003). ''The riddle of the Chinese newt, Pachytriton.'' Reptilia, The European Herp Magazine, 30, 43-50.
  • Özeti, N., and Wake, D. B. (1969). ''The morphology and evolution of the tongue and associated structures in salamanders and newts (family Salamandridae).'' Copeia, 1969, 91-123.

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Distribution and Habitat ( Inglês )

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Pachytriton brevipes is distributed in Southeastern China (Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi Provinces) and Northern Vietnam (Fei et al. 2006). It is associated with montane broadleaf and mixed forests at 800 to 1700 m above sea level (Fei et al. 2006).
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( Inglês )

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This newt is abundant in its range, yet no detailed work has recorded the population dynamics. Local inhabitants may collect them for consumption (Fei et al. 2006). Pachytriton brevipes is poisoned when people poison the entire stream to catch fish. Although this species is indirectly protected if it occurs in national parks, there is no regulation of wild exploitation (IUCN 2006).
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( Inglês )

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The species lives in various montane streams, which can be a mere one meter wide and 20 cm deep. Large number of animals can also be found in slow-running ponds with depth more than a meter. They are most abundant in rock-bound streams at higher elevation. During daytime, the newts rest at the bottom or hide in the crevices (Fei et al. 2006), and may feed on small prey such as frog tadpoles (Pope 1931), they are more active and abundant at night. Pachytriton brevipes is never observed to leave the stream, thus it is probably permanently aquatic (Pope 1931; Özeti and Wake, 1969). When captured or harassed, the animal emanates a strong sulfurate odor (Pope 1931; Fei et al. 2006). From the author¡¯s field experiences, the secreted mucous is at least lethal to other amphibians. Breeding season is from May and lasts until August. Males have a swollen cloaca with protruded papillae, and a few whitish spots develop near the tip of the tail. Fertilization is internal through the delivery of spermatophores. Females lay 30 to 60 single eggs attached to the lower surface of rocks in the stream (Fei et al. 2006). Eggs are milky white and form a compact clutch. The ovum is around 4.5 mm in diameter and the egg attains 7.5 mm if jelly capsules are included (Fei et al. 2006). Since Pachytriton labiatus females vigorously guard the eggs, P. brevipes could have maternal care as well. Eggs hatch as free-living larvae. Both females and males are territorial and show aggression to intruders. The animal feeds on aquatic arthropods and tadpoles of other amphibians. Insects that fall into the water are likely to be found in the stomach as well.
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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 6.5 years (captivity)
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Spotted paddle-tail newt ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The spotted paddle-tail newt (Pachytriton brevipes) is an amphibian native to southeastern China; it was named in 1876.[2] A member of the family Salamandridae, it is closely related to the spotless paddle-tail newt (Pachytriton labiatus). The spotted paddle-tail newt lives in streams and is characterized by its long, paddle-shaped tail used for propulsion.

Description

Pachytriton species are stout-bodied, smooth-skinned aquatic newts. Their heads are large and flattened, and they have conspicuous labial folds and short, stubby legs and toes. They breathe through both lungs and skin. P. brevipes ranges from 5.5 to 7.5 in as an adult. It has prominent labial folds, long digits, and smooth skin, which differs from the tuberculate skin typical of newts.

The head, back, and tail of P. brevipes range in color from light brown to a dark chocolate brown and are covered in dark spots. The underbelly color varies considerably, from a very light brown to a solid black. Breeding males may develop bluish-white spots on the tail.

Behavior

Pachytriton spp. are known for their aggressive and territorial behavior, seen mainly in males, but occasionally in females, as well. P. brevipes is an aggressive hunter and feeder. It is carnivorous and will eat worms, insects, and small fish. The breeding behavior of P. brevipes is unknown.

Ecology

Pachytriton brevipes is native to the freshwater streams of southeastern China, and it thrives in cool, clean water high in oxygen. Current distribution is shrinking, most likely due to pollution and human encroachment on habitat. It is almost exclusively aquatic, though it will leave the water if bullied by a more aggressive individual.

References

  1. ^ Gu Huiqing, Geng Baorong (2004). "Pachytriton brevipes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T59454A11944711. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T59454A11944711.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Pachytriton brevipes (Sauvage, 1876)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
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Spotted paddle-tail newt: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

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The spotted paddle-tail newt (Pachytriton brevipes) is an amphibian native to southeastern China; it was named in 1876. A member of the family Salamandridae, it is closely related to the spotless paddle-tail newt (Pachytriton labiatus). The spotted paddle-tail newt lives in streams and is characterized by its long, paddle-shaped tail used for propulsion.

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Pachytriton brevipes ( Basco )

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Pachytriton brevipes Pachytriton generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Salamandridae familian sailkatuta dago, Caudata ordenan.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

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Pachytriton brevipes: Brief Summary ( Basco )

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Pachytriton brevipes Pachytriton generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Salamandridae familian sailkatuta dago, Caudata ordenan.

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Pachytriton brevipes ( Francês )

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Pachytriton brevipes est une espèce d'urodèles de la famille des Salamandridae[1].

Répartition

Cette espèce est endémique de République populaire de Chine. Elle se rencontre au Guangdong, au Fujian et au Jiangxi[1].

Publication originale

  • Sauvage, 1876 : ?. L'institut. Journal des Académies et Sociétés Scientifiques de la France et de l'étranger. Paris, vol. 4, p. 274-275.

Notes et références

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Pachytriton brevipes: Brief Summary ( Francês )

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Pachytriton brevipes est une espèce d'urodèles de la famille des Salamandridae.

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Pachytriton brevipes ( Português )

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Pachytriton brevipes é uma espécie de anfíbio caudado pertencente à família Salamandridae. Endêmica da China.

Referências

  • Huiqing, G.; Baorong, G. 2004. Pachytriton brevipes. In: IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. . Acessado em 13 de setembro de 2008.
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Pachytriton brevipes: Brief Summary ( Português )

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Pachytriton brevipes é uma espécie de anfíbio caudado pertencente à família Salamandridae. Endêmica da China.

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Pachytriton brevipes ( Ucraniano )

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Поширення

Pachytriton brevipes поширений в південно-східному Китаї (провінції Чжецзян, Цзянсі, Хунань, Фуцзянь, Гуандун, Гуансі) і Північному В'єтнамі. Вид зустрічається у гірських широколистяних і змішаних лісах на висоті 800–1700 м над рівнем моря .

Опис

Загальна довжина становить 130–170 мм. Хвіст коротший, ніж решта тіла. Голова широка і плоска, тулуб товстий і масивний. Шкіра гладка зі слизом. Маленькі ніздрі розташовані на кінчику плоскої морди. Очі маленькі, розташовані попереду або на кутику щелеп. Добре розвинені губні складки присутні на верхній щелепі. Обидві кінцівки короткі і слабкі по відношенню до масивного тіла. Пальці на лапках короткі, а їхні кінчики плоскі і округлі. Між пальцями є невеликі перетинки. Хвіст округлий в передній половині, і стислий з боків у задній частині.

Забарвлення

Забарвлення варіює від темно-коричневого до світло-жовтого на спинний стороні. Черево світліше, може бути яскраво-оранжевим. Численні чорні крапки розкидані по всьому тілу і хвості, і концентруються на спині. Розмір і щільність точок є індивідуальним для кожної особини. Деякі тритони не мають чорних крапок на черевній стороні, а деякі повністю без плям. Під час сезону розмноження, самці розвивають кілька білих плям біля кінчика хвоста.

Спосіб життя

Цей вид живе в стоячих та повільних водоймах глибиною до одного метра. Можуть зустрічатись у калюжах діаметром один метр та глибиною 20 см. Воліють до водойм з кам'янистим дном. Саламандра є активним хижаком, живиться дрібними безхребетними та пуголовками.

Примітки

  1. Gu Huiqing, Geng Baorong. Pachytriton brevipes: інформація на сайті МСОП (версія 2012.1) (англ.) 26 July 2012
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Коротконогий тритон ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Беспанцирные
Подотряд: Salamandroidea
Семейство: Саламандровые
Подсемейство: Pleurodelinae
Вид: Коротконогий тритон
Международное научное название

Pachytriton brevipes Sauvage, 1876

Синонимы
  • Cynops chinensis David, 1875
  • Triton brevipes Sauvage, 1876
Охранный статус Wikispecies-logo.svg
Систематика
на Викивидах
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Поиск изображений
на Викискладе
ITIS 668379NCBI 377299EOL 1019474

Коротконогий тритон[1] (лат. Pachytriton brevipes) — вид хвостатых земноводных из рода коротконогих тритонов (лат. Pachytriton).

Ареал

Ареал данного вида охватывает несколько провинций в юго-восточном Китае: Чжэцзян, Цзянси, Фуцзянь, Гуандун, Гуанси и Хунань.

Описание

Достаточно крупная саламандра (общая длина от 15 до 19 см). Имеет плоскую и широкую голову с короткой мордой и выраженными губными складками. Глаза относительно небольшие. Паротидные железы выдаются. На хребте нет гребня, только слабо выраженная вертебральная складка. Хвост крупный, составляет половину общей длины, круглый у основания и сжатый у конце с закругленным кончиком. Кожа гладкая с вертикальной складками по бокам туловища. Половой диморфизм не выражены.

Окраска кожи включает разные оттенки светло-коричневого, с разбросанными на этом фоне мелкими чёрными пятнами. Вентральная сторона ярче, состоит из нерегулярных красных, розовых и беловатых пятен.

Примечания

  1. Ананьева Н. Б., Боркин Л. Я., Даревский И. С., Орлов Н. Л. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Амфибии и рептилии. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1988. — С. 32. — 10 500 экз.ISBN 5-200-00232-X.
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Коротконогий тритон: Brief Summary ( Russo )

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Коротконогий тритон (лат. Pachytriton brevipes) — вид хвостатых земноводных из рода коротконогих тритонов (лат. Pachytriton).

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黑斑肥螈 ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Pachytriton brevipes
(Sauvage, 1876)[1]

黑斑肥螈学名Pachytriton brevipes)为蝾螈科肥螈属两栖动物,俗名水和尚、狗鱼、四脚鱼,是中国的特有物种。

特征

体型肥壮,长约15厘米,尾长为全长的一半或稍短;背和尾侧面青灰黑色,无黑斑或有黑色小圆斑,橘黄色或橘红色的腹面,有少数棕黑色斑纹;头扁平,尾基宽厚粗圆,后端侧扁,四肢短小,前肢四指,后肢五趾;没有蹼;背部及尾侧密布黑圆斑。

分布

分布于中国的浙江福建江西湖南广东广西等地,多生活于山区大小溪流的石隙间。其生存的海拔范围为800至1700米。该物种的模式产地在江西南部。[1]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 中国科学院动物研究所. 黑斑肥螈. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-04-11]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).
 src= 维基物种中的分类信息:黑斑肥螈 小作品圖示这是一篇與两栖动物相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。
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黑斑肥螈: Brief Summary ( Chinês )

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黑斑肥螈(学名:Pachytriton brevipes)为蝾螈科肥螈属两栖动物,俗名水和尚、狗鱼、四脚鱼,是中国的特有物种。

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