Ischnocnema epipeda (Heyer 1984)

Eleutherodactylus epipedus

HOLOTYPE.—MZUSP 59633, an adult male from Brazil: Espirito Santo; adjacent to Parque Nova Lombardia, near Santa Teresa. Collected by Ronald I. Crombie, Maria Christina Duchêne, W. Ronald Heyer, and Francisca Carolina do Val on 28 December 1977.

PARATYPES.—Paratopotypes, collected by same collectors from 28 December 1977 to 1 January 1978, MZSUP 59634–59639, USNM 235613–235620; Santa Teresa, AL 1253, 1253a, 1253c, EI 7294–7302, 7304–7316, 7318–7321, 7323, 7326–7327, MNRio 1874, USNM 200446.

DIAGNOSIS.—The posterior surface of the thigh is uniform or indistinctly mottled in E. epipedus, distinguishing it from E. erythromerus, which has a light area on the posterior thigh next to the knee (pattern B in Figure 11), and from E. nasutus, which has a boldly mottled posterior thigh pattern. No specimens of E. epipedus have dark complete or interrupted stripes on the outer surface of the tibia, while many individuals of E. guentheri and E. oeus have such a pattern (patterns B and C, Figure 10); E. epipedus also has a more robust body form than either guentheri or oeus. Eleutherodactylus epipedus most closely resembles gualteri, from which it differs by smaller size (SVL in E. epipedus males 16.7–23.5 mm, females 25.6–33.2 mm, in E. gualteri males 21.3–34.1 mm, females 33.6–45.7 mm) and in having several dorsal pattern states not found in gualteri (patterns A-6, A-8, and A-10 in Figure 1).

DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE.—Snout subelliptical from above, rounded in profile; canthus rostralis indistinct; lorus slightly flared in cross section; tympanum distinct, annulus distinct except for above tympanum; vomerine teeth in two small transverse series, posterior and medial to choanae, separated from each other by about the length of one vomerine tooth series; vocal slit present, vocal sac not noticeably expanded externally; fingers I, II, and IV about equal length, finger III longest; thumb disk small, about same diameter as thumb, disk on finger II slightly larger, disks on fingers III and IV largest, moderate size, ungual flap indented; fingers with lateral ridges; subarticular tubercles moderate, not pointed; large horseshoe-shaped outer metacarpal tubercle narrowly separated from rounded-square shaped inner metacarpal tubercle; inner base of thumb with small white glandular-appearing nuptial asperity; dorsum smooth, upper eyelids tuberculate; supratympanic fold indistinct; no other noticeable body glands or folds; venter smooth; disk of toe I moderate sized, just smaller than disks of toes II, III, and V, disk of toe IV largest, toe disks with indented ungual flaps; toes with lateral ridges not produced into fringes; toe subarticular tubercles moderate, not pointed; rounded outer metatarsal tubercle much smaller than ovate inner metatarsal tubercle; tarsus lacking fold or tubercle; heel with single prominent light tubercle; outer tarsus with a few indistinct light tubercles, sole of foot with one or two distinct light tubercles.

Measurements (in mm): SVL 18.2, HL 8.0, HW 6.9, EN 2.3, EE 3.8, TD 1.1, femur 10.0, tibia 10.9, foot 10.0, 3FD 0.5, 4TD 0.7.

Pattern in preservative indistinctly variegated-mottled tan and brown dorsally; light indistinct interocular spot; faint indications of light tan dorsolateral stripes on posterior half of body; dark indistinct loreal spot; upper lip with three distinct, irregular vertical light stripes; brown band not well differentiated from dorsal color from above tympanum to groin, expanded into dark brown sacral spot posteriorly, band expanded into broad transverse band on side at midbody; groin lacking distinct markings; under surfaces of throat and limb extremities suffused with brown, suffusion of brown lighter on belly and under surfaces of upper arms and thighs; outer tibia with brown transverse bands; posterior surface of thigh barely mottled.

ETYMOLOGY.—From the Greek epipedos, on the ground, in allusion to the species most commonly being collected from the forest floor.

ADULT SPECIMEN DEFINITION.—Dorsum mottled or uniform patterns (A-1, A-2, A-3, A-6, A-8, and A-10 in Figure 1), or with dorsoconcolor (patterns B-1 and B-2 in Figure 1), or wavy line morph (pattern C in Figure 1); some individuals with light mid-dorsal pin stripes (patterns A and D in Figure 2); no individuals with broad mid-dorsal stripes; a few individuals with light dorsolateral stripes (pattern A in Figure 3); some individuals with light snouts (patterns A and B in Figure 4); many individuals with light interocular bars (patterns A and B in Figure 5); outer tibia either uniformly dark or transversely banded (pattern A in Figure 10), not dark striped; posterior surface of thigh uniform or indistinctly mottled (pattern A in Figure 11); no flash colors in life, under surfaces yellow or yellow wash tinged with green, iris bronze; males 16.7–23.5 mm SVL, females 25.6–33.2 mm SVL; head broad (Table 20); hind limbs relatively short (Table 20).

ADVERTISEMENT CALL.—Unknown.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from near Santa Teresa, Espirito Santo (Figure 18).

ESPIRITO SANTO. Adjacent to Parque Nova Lombardia, near Santa Teresa (MZUSP 59633–59639, USNM 235613–235620); Santa Teresa (AL 1253, 1253a, 1253c, EI 7294–7302, 7304–7316, 7318–7321, 7323, 7326–7327, MNRio 1874, USNM 200446).

Ischnocnema epipedus is a species of frog in the family Brachycephalidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Ischnocnema epipeda​​​ es una especie de anfibio anuro de la familia Brachycephalidae.

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Ischnocnema epipeda Ischnocnema generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Brachycephalidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

Ischnocnema epipeda est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Brachycephalidae.

Ischnocnema epipeda é uma espécie de anfíbio da família Brachycephalidae. É endémica do Brasil, onde pode ser encontrada apenas no município de Santa Teresa, no estado do Espírito Santo.

Os seus habitats naturais são: florestas subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de baixa altitude. Está ameaçada por perda de habitat.