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Imagem de Leptophryne cruentata (Tschudi 1838)
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Leptophryne cruentata (Tschudi 1838)

Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
Leptophryne cruentata is a small and slender toad named after its characteristic red tinge and red spots or marbling. Females of this species have a snout-vent length of 25-40 mm, while males have a snout-vent length of 20-30 mm. The skin is covered with small tubercles. The parotoid gland is small and sometimes indistinct. No bony ridges are present on the head. Finger and toe tips are slightly swollen. The toes are webbed, with the webbing reaching up to the final subarticular tubercles on toes III and V. Dorsally, the skin is black with red or yellow spots or marbling. There are two color morphs for this species. One color morph has a black hour-glass marking bordered with red and yellow in the middle of the dorsum. The other color morph is black with yellow spots scattered all over the back. The ventrum is reddish or yellowish. Tadpoles are small and black, and generally resemble those of the genus Bufo. However, Leptophryne cruentata tadpoles have lower lips with papillae. The denticle formula is II/III or I+1-1/III.The specific name "cruentata' is derived from the Latin word for bleeding. (image, http://amphibiaweb.org/images/amazing/amazing_logo.jpg) Featured in Amazing Amphibians on 1 July 2013 (http://amphibiaweb.org/amazing_amphibians/20130701_Leptophryne_cruentata.html)
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Distribution and Habitat ( Inglês )

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This species is endemic to West Java, Indonesia. It has a restricted distribution and is found in Cibeureum, Lebak Saat, Rawa Denok, Ciapus, around Mt Gede and Mt. Pangrango, and Selabintana and Curug Luhur, to the south of Sukabumi. It is typically found by slow-moving waters, and small creeks in the mountains.
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( Inglês )

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This species is in decline. One of the indicators for its decline is its disappearance from the area of the Cibeureum waterfall.
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( Inglês )

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Leptophryne cruentata lays clutches of small black eggs in creeks.
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Leptophryne cruentata ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

Leptophryne cruentata és una espècie d'amfibi que viu a Indonèsia.

Es troba amenaçada d'extinció per la pèrdua del seu hàbitat natural.

Referències

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Leptophryne cruentata: Brief Summary ( Catalão; Valenciano )

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Leptophryne cruentata és una espècie d'amfibi que viu a Indonèsia.

Es troba amenaçada d'extinció per la pèrdua del seu hàbitat natural.

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Bleeding toad ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The bleeding toad, fire toad, or Indonesia tree toad (Leptophryne cruentata) is a species of "true toad", family Bufonidae, endemic to Java, Indonesia.[1][2] Leptophryne javanica was included in this species prior its description as a distinct species in 2018,[1] although the degree of differentiation between these species is low.[2] The Bleeding toad is listed as a critically endangered species due to a drastic population decline. The reasons of this decline are unclear, but the decline is consistent with chytridiomycosis, despite ambiguous identification.[1]

Description

Bleeding toads are medium-sized toads that have dark red/purple bodies with blood-red to yellow marbling present on the back and legs.[3] Males measure 20–30 mm (0.79–1.18 in) and females 25–40 mm (0.98–1.57 in) in snout–vent length.[4] They resemble other toads in the family Bufonidae with several distinctions. They have reduced Bidder's organs, and partially fused pectoral epicoracoid cartilage. In addition, they have a slender habitus and elongate limbs.[5] They received the common name "bleeding toad" due to the red back markings and the skin secretions they produce when stressed.[3]

Distribution

Bleeding toads are endemic to western Java and are known from a small number of sites in the Mount Gede Pangrango National Park and from around Mount Halimun Salak National Park. They prefer the boundary zones between the moist lowland areas and mountainous forests, and are at present typically found between altitudes of 1,200–2,000 m (3,900–6,600 ft) above sea level. They breed and lay their eggs in slow moving, vernal streams in which the larvae develop.[1]

Threats

Bleeding toads are listed as critically endangered by the IUCN: once locally abundant, it has declined dramatically and the remaining population is estimated to be no more than 250 adults.[1] It was initially believed that the eruption of Mount Galunggung in 1987 was responsible for a significant portion of this decline due to the loss and degradation of habitat,[3] but at present the decline looks more consistent with chytridiomycosis,[1] as the observed patterns of decline resemble declines of other mountainous stream-breeding amphibians that have been affected by the fungus, but no positive identification of the disease on a bleeding toad has been made.[1][6] In addition, tourist activities are threatening at least one subpopulation.[1]

The effects of global climate change may also contribute to the decline of the species.[4] As temperatures rise, the range of suitable habitat for many mountainous species is moved to higher elevations. The result of this is a smaller total amount of suitable habitat, that can support smaller populations. Additionally, these populations are often isolated, which can leave them vulnerable to events such as the eruption of Mount Galungung.[7]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leptophryne cruentata.
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2019). "Leptophryne cruentata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T138045255A3020276. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T138045255A3020276.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Frost, Darrel R. (2020). "Leptophryne cruentata (Tschudi, 1838)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
  3. ^ a b c "Bleeding Toad, Critically endangered from Habitat Loss and Chytrid". Amphibian Ark. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
  4. ^ a b "Leptophryne cruentata". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2013. Retrieved 11 May 2017.
  5. ^ Graybeal, Anna; Cannatella, David C. (1995). "A new taxon of Bufonidae from Peru, with descriptions of two new species and a review of the phylogenetic status of supraspecific bufonid taxa". Herpetologica. 51 (2): 105–131. JSTOR 3892580.
  6. ^ Kusrini, M. D.; Skerratt, L. F.; Garland, S.; Berger, L.; Endarwin, W. (2008). "Chytridiomycosis in frogs of Mount Gede Pangrango, Indonesia". Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 82 (3): 187–194. doi:10.3354/dao01981. PMID 19244970.
  7. ^ Wilson, Robert J.; Gutiérrez, David; Gutiérrez, Javier; Martínez, David; Agudo, Rosa; Monserrat, Víctor J. (2005-11-01). "Changes to the elevational limits and extent of species ranges associated with climate change". Ecology Letters. 8 (11): 1138–1146. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00824.x. ISSN 1461-0248. PMID 21352437.
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Bleeding toad: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The bleeding toad, fire toad, or Indonesia tree toad (Leptophryne cruentata) is a species of "true toad", family Bufonidae, endemic to Java, Indonesia. Leptophryne javanica was included in this species prior its description as a distinct species in 2018, although the degree of differentiation between these species is low. The Bleeding toad is listed as a critically endangered species due to a drastic population decline. The reasons of this decline are unclear, but the decline is consistent with chytridiomycosis, despite ambiguous identification.

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Leptophryne cruentata ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES
 src=
Sello postal de Indonesia (2011) con la imagen de Leptophryne cruentata.

Leptophryne cruentata es una especie de anfibios de la familia Bufonidae endémica del oeste de Java (Indonesia). Se encuentra en peligro crítico de extinción debido al drástico declive en la población causado por la erupción del Monte Galunggung en 1982.

Referencias

 title=
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Leptophryne cruentata: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES
 src= Sello postal de Indonesia (2011) con la imagen de Leptophryne cruentata.

Leptophryne cruentata es una especie de anfibios de la familia Bufonidae endémica del oeste de Java (Indonesia). Se encuentra en peligro crítico de extinción debido al drástico declive en la población causado por la erupción del Monte Galunggung en 1982.

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Leptophryne cruentata ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Leptophryne cruentata Leptophryne generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Bufonidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

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Leptophryne cruentata: Brief Summary ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Leptophryne cruentata Leptophryne generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Bufonidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

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Leptophryne cruentata ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Leptophryne cruentata est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Bufonidae[1].

Répartition

Cette espèce est endémique de la province de Java occidental sur l'île de Java en Indonésie[1]. Elle se rencontre entre 1 000 et 2 000 m d'altitude sur le mont Pangrango, le mont Gede et le Curug Luhur.

Description

Les mâles mesurent de 20 à 30 mm et les femelles de 25 à 40 mm[2].

Publication originale

  • Tschudi, 1838 : Classification der Batrachier, mit Berucksichtigung der fossilen Thiere dieser Abtheilung der Reptilien, p. 1-99 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

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Leptophryne cruentata: Brief Summary ( Francês )

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Leptophryne cruentata est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Bufonidae.

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Kodok Darah ( Indonésio )

fornecido por wikipedia ID

Kodok darah adalah salah satu hewan endemis Indonesia artinya hewan tersebut hanya ada di Indonesia. Kodok merah termasuk hewan langka dan dilindungi karena keberadaannya sudah hampir punah.[1] Hewan tersebut hanya dapat ditemui di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango dan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak.[1] Kodok darah juga sering disebut dengan nama kodok merah.[1] Nama kodok merah atau kodok darah diambil dari warna kulit kodok yang berwarna merah darah.[1] Meskipun demikian warna merah darah tersebut tidak merata pada seluruh tubuhnya melainkan berupa bercak-bercak.[1] Jenis kodok darah biasa ditemui di daerah perairan dengan arus lambat serta di aliran sungai kecil di pegunungan.[2] Daerah yang disenangi kodok darah adalah daerah perbatasan antara dataran rendah lembab dengan hutan pegunungan.[2]

Populasi

Jenis kodok darah ada dalam jumlah banyak pada tahun 1976, tetapi pada tahun 1987 keberadaan Kodok Merah mulai menurun.[1] Meletusnya Gunung Galungggung turut menjadi faktor penyebab penurunan jumlah kodok merah.[1] Penurunan populasi yang sangat berkurang secara drastis membuat IUCN Redlist memasukkan jenis kodok ini ke dalam hewan yang terancam punah dengan tingkat kritis.[1] Keberadaan kodok merah di Indonesia belum terlalu diperhatikan, oleh karena itu informasi tentang kodok jenis tersebut masih kurang.[3] Penurunan populasi kodok merah diakibatkan karena faktor habitat akibat letusan gunung yang sudah tidak mendukung kehidupan kodok darah.[4] Berkurangnya jumlah kodok darah juga disebabkan karena banyak kodok yang mati saat gunung galunggung meletus.[4]

Ciri kodok darah

Ciri khas dari kodok darah adalah warna bercak-bercak merah darah pada seluruh kulit tubuhnya.[5] Secara keseluruhan, warna kulit kodok darah adalah berwarna coklat tua dengan kombinasi bercak merah darah dan warna kuning terang.[5] Seluruh permukaan hewan ini, dipenuhi oleh bintil-bintil.[5] Tubuh kodok darah ramping.[2] Panjang moncong lubang antara 25mm sampai 40mm pada kodok betina, sedangkan kodok jantan memiliki panjang moncon antara 20mm sampai 30mm.[2] Kelenjar paratoid yang sering menggembung pada kodok ini terbilang kecil bahkan terkadang tidak jelas.[2] Seperti halnya hewan amphibi lainya, kodok merah juga memiliki kaki berselaput dan kaki yang agak menggelembung.[2] Kodok mera, tidak memiliki tulang punggung yang biasanya pada kodok terlihat pada bagian kepala.[2] Bagian dada kodok merah ada dua macam, ada yang berwarna dasar hitam dengan bintik merah, ada pula yang berwarna dasar hitam dengan bintik kuning.[2] Bagian perut kodok merah ada yang berwarna kekuningan ada pula yang berwarna kemerahan.[2] Jenis kodok darah yang masih dalam bentuk berudu, berwarna hitam seperti berudu pada jenis bufo atau kodok besar.[2] Perkembangbiakan kodok darah juga sama seperti kodok lainnya yaitu dimulai dari telur, berudu hinggga katak dewasa.[2] Telur kodok merah berwarna hitam dan telur kodok di erampak oleh induk kodok di sungai.[2] Kodok darah atau kodok merah memiliki cara berjalan yang lambat.[2]

Kehidupan kodok darah di kebun binatang

Kodok merah di kebun binatang dipelihara pada tempat dengan dengan banyak air untuk menyimpan telurnya.[6] Tempat hidup kodok merah di kebun binatang harus lembab dengan tumbuhan air berdaun lebar dan sedang.[6] Penempatan batu besar, sedang dan kecil juga penting diletakkan supaya mirip dnegan habitat asli dari kodok darah.[6] Makanan kodok merah adalah belalang, jangkrik, dan cacing tanah.[6]

Rujukan

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Leptophryne cruentata". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Diakses tanggal 11 April 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Leptophryne cruentata". Amphibian Web. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2014.
  3. ^ "Katak Langka dan Khas Sebaiknya Menjadi Maskot Daerah". Kompas. Diakses tanggal 15 April 2014.
  4. ^ a b "The Bleeding Toad". amphibians. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2014.
  5. ^ a b c "Bleeding Toad". Amphibians Ark. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2014.
  6. ^ a b c d "Bleeding Toad". Around Table. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2014.
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Kodok Darah: Brief Summary ( Indonésio )

fornecido por wikipedia ID

Kodok darah adalah salah satu hewan endemis Indonesia artinya hewan tersebut hanya ada di Indonesia. Kodok merah termasuk hewan langka dan dilindungi karena keberadaannya sudah hampir punah. Hewan tersebut hanya dapat ditemui di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango dan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak. Kodok darah juga sering disebut dengan nama kodok merah. Nama kodok merah atau kodok darah diambil dari warna kulit kodok yang berwarna merah darah. Meskipun demikian warna merah darah tersebut tidak merata pada seluruh tubuhnya melainkan berupa bercak-bercak. Jenis kodok darah biasa ditemui di daerah perairan dengan arus lambat serta di aliran sungai kecil di pegunungan. Daerah yang disenangi kodok darah adalah daerah perbatasan antara dataran rendah lembab dengan hutan pegunungan.

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Leptophryne cruentata ( Português )

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Leptophryne cruentata é uma espécie de sapo endêmico da família Bufonidae encontrado na Indonésia. Está listado em perigo crítico devido a drástica diminuição de sua população, causado em partes pela erupção do Monte Galunggung em 1982.

Referências

  • Djoko Iskandar, Mumpuni 2004. Leptophryne cruentata. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. . Downloaded on 21 August 2012
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Leptophryne cruentata: Brief Summary ( Português )

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Leptophryne cruentata é uma espécie de sapo endêmico da família Bufonidae encontrado na Indonésia. Está listado em perigo crítico devido a drástica diminuição de sua população, causado em partes pela erupção do Monte Galunggung em 1982.

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Leptophryne cruentata ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Cóc chảy máu cũng gọi là Leptophryne cruentata (tên tiếng Anh: cóc lửa) là một loài cóc đặc hữu của Indonesia. Loài này được liệt kê vào danh mục các loài bị đe dọa do số lượng quần thể giảm nghiêm trọng một phần do vụ phun trào của núi Galunggung vào năm 1982.

Tham khảo

  1. ^ Djoko Iskandar, Mumpuni (2004). Leptophryne cruentata. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2012.2. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế. Truy cập ngày 9 tháng 1 năm 2013. Database entry includes a range map, a brief justification of why this species is critically endangered, and the criteria used.

IUCN


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Leptophryne cruentata: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Cóc chảy máu cũng gọi là Leptophryne cruentata (tên tiếng Anh: cóc lửa) là một loài cóc đặc hữu của Indonesia. Loài này được liệt kê vào danh mục các loài bị đe dọa do số lượng quần thể giảm nghiêm trọng một phần do vụ phun trào của núi Galunggung vào năm 1982.

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