Plasterer Bees

Danmark

Figures 1–5. Female holotype of Leioproctus (Perditomorpha) rosellae Gonzalez, sp. n. 1 Lateral habitus. 2 Frontal view 3 Detail of scutum and scutellum 4 Detail of metasoma in dorsal view 5 Left metatibial spurs.

Figures 1–2.Photomicrographs of paratype (SEMC) male of Chilicola (Hylaeosoma) kevani Oliveira, Mahlmann, and Engel sp. n. 1 Lateral habitus 2 Facial aspect.

Danmark

Figures 3–8.Photomicrographs of male paratype (SEMC) of Chilicola (Hylaeosoma) kevani Oliveira, Mahlmann, and Engel sp. n. 3 Dorsal habitus 4 Seventh metasomal sternum 5 Eighth metasomal sternum 6 Genital capsule, dorsal view 7 Genital capsule, lateral view 8 Genital capsule, ventral view.

Danmark

Danmark

Danmark

Vrangeskov, Midtsjælland

Vrangeskov, Midtsjælland

Vrangeskov, Midtsjælland

Vrangeskov, Denmark

Vrangeskov, Denmark

Figures 1–7.Zikanapis tucumana (Moure, 1945). 1 General view of the nesting site at Vinchina (La Rioja province) before sunrise 2 Female of Zikanapis tucumana during foraging activity 3 Tumulus, turret andopennest entrance 4 Main and lateral tunnel showing one cell at the end (arrow) 5 General view of nest architecture, scale line: 1 cm 6 Remains of a cell with part of the provisions. Note the curvature of neck 7 Nestarchitecture.

Figures 8–18.Ptiloglossa tarsata (Friese, 1900). 8 General view of the nesting site at “La Florida” (Salta province), the arrow indicates the location of the nest; 9 Female of Ptiloglossa tarsata foraging in a flower of Solanum sp. 10 Tumulus of unconsolidated soil, scale line: 1 cm 11 General view showing the nest architecture with a cell at the end of the main tunnel 12 Group of scratches probably produced by female´s mandibles. The arrow indicates their location in the main tunne; 13(a) cell with cellophane-like lining and provisions, (b) neck and (c) entrance tunnel, scale line: 1 cm 14 One cell showing the cellophane-like lining on the wall, scale line: 1 cm 15 Spiral closure of one cell, scale line: 0.5 cm 16 Cocoon operculum with holes, scale line: 0.5 cm 17 Scanning electron micrograph of the cocoon operculum showing the fabric of silk threads with small circular holes, scale: 500 µm 18 Onecircular hole surrounded by silk threads, scale: 50 µm.

Figures 19–23.19 Nest architecture of Ptiloglossa tarsata (Friese, 1900). 20 Cell with provisions and egg, cell neck, spiral closure, and entrance tunnel of Ptiloglossa tarsata 21 Nest architecture of Ptiloglossa matutina (Schrottky, 1904) 22 Nest architecture of Cadeguala albopilosa (Spinola, 1851) 23 Cell with provisions and egg, cell neck, location of the cell closure and entrance tunnel of Cadeguala albopilosa.

Figures 24–29.Ptiloglossa matutina (Schrottky, 1904). 24 General view of the nesting site at Reserva Karadya, Andresito (Misiones province) 25 Nest entrance closed by a plug of soil(arrow), scale line:1 cm 26 Soil with roots, litter, some rocks, and remains of the main tunnel (arrow) 27 Cell showing the larva partially submerged in provisions, cellophane lining, and the wad cotton-like material attached the cell closure, scale line: 0.5 cm 28 Detail of the cell closure with the cotton-like material 29 Cell and neck wall with the lining removed. Note the high curvature.

Figures 19–23.19 Nest architecture of Ptiloglossa tarsata (Friese, 1900). 20 Cell with provisions and egg, cell neck, spiral closure, and entrance tunnel of Ptiloglossa tarsata 21 Nest architecture of Ptiloglossa matutina (Schrottky, 1904) 22 Nest architecture of Cadeguala albopilosa (Spinola, 1851) 23 Cell with provisions and egg, cell neck, location of the cell closure and entrance tunnel of Cadeguala albopilosa.

Figures 30–37.Cadeguala albopilosa (Spinola, 1851). 30 General view of the nest site at Bahia Mansa, Parque Nacional Los Alerces (Chubut province) 31 tumulusof unconsolidated soil32 two main tunnels and longitudinal view of the soil containing a thin ash layer 33 a pair of cells with provisions, necks and lateral tunnels, scale line: 1 cm 34 remains of cells of other nest, scale line: 1 cm 35–36 tomography images of one block of soil containing Cadeguala albopilosa nests, arrows indicate cells 37 3D-reconstruction of one nest and isolate cells.

Figures 19–23.19 Nest architecture of Ptiloglossa tarsata (Friese, 1900). 20 Cell with provisions and egg, cell neck, spiral closure, and entrance tunnel of Ptiloglossa tarsata 21 Nest architecture of Ptiloglossa matutina (Schrottky, 1904) 22 Nest architecture of Cadeguala albopilosa (Spinola, 1851) 23 Cell with provisions and egg, cell neck, location of the cell closure and entrance tunnel of Cadeguala albopilosa.

Figures 38–43.Diphaglossa gayi Spinola, 1851. 38 General view of the nesting site beside the Río Negro Bridge, Chile 39 general view of nesting site at Lonconao, Chile 40 tumulus of soil pellets and open entrance 41 main tunnel 42 nest architecture 43 cell, neck with lining, and egg laying on provisions.