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Booraan, Western Australia, Australia
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Postia caesia, syn.: Oligoporus caesius, Tyromyces caesius Conifer Bluing Bracket, Blauer SaftporlingSlo.: modri skutovecDat.: Jan. 11. 2014Lat.: 46.37043 Long.: 13.72595Code: Bot_781/2014_DSC9756Habitat: Mixed forest, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees, steep mountain slope, southeast oriented; calcareous ground; sunny place but in half shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 620 m (2.034 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: on cut-off surface of a small, dead trunk of Picea abies lying on ground partly still in bark, in late initial stage of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, at the foot of southeast slopes of Mt. Pelc, 2.109 m (6.919 feet), between the second and the third switchback of the forest road to Berebica, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary; pileus 7 x 3.5 x 2.5 cm, tube layer max 1.2 cm thick; smell indistinctive; flesh soft, fibrous, watery; bruising bluish-green-gray when handled; SP none; rather old sporocarp; spores taken from pore surface using soft, moist brush. Spores seem to be somewhat too small.Spores smooth, cylindrical and allantoid. Dimensions: 4.6 (SD = 0.3) x 1.5 (SD = 0.1) , Q = 3.14 (SD = 0.29), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes.l., Fungi Europaei Vol.10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 332. (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 490. (3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 316. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 313. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 548. (6) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 435.
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Vasterbotten, Sweden
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Colors leaking from a wet piece of Dyer's Polypore, which yields Green, Yellow and Brown natural dyes.
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Displaying the cap and pore surface of the western version of Sulphur Shelf or Chicken of the Woods. Annual and edible. Photo from Mt. Elphinstone, British Columbia.
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Ischnoderma resinosum (Schrad.) P. Karst., syn.: Fomitopsis resinosa (Schrad.) Rauschert, Ischnoderma fuliginosum (Scop.) Murrill, Ungulina fuliginosa (Scop.) Pat.EN: Resinous Polypore, DE: Laubholz-HarzporlingSlo.: bukova irhovkaDat.: Dec. 3. 2018Lat.: 46.337198 Long.: 13.553608Code: Bot_1168/2018_DSC4494Habitat: cultivated grassland, city park; flat terrain; calcareous ground; partly sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 450 m (1.480 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead Acer sp. (personal communication with a resident living next to the place) stump near its final stage of decomposition.Place: Bovec basin, city park in front of the hotel Kanin, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Ischnoderma resinosum is widely distributed and a common species in many regions. But it is a rare find in west Slovenia. This observation seems, at least according to available data from Boletus Informaticus database (Ref.: 8), the first one in Posoje region. Pilei are surprisingly soft for a polypore. When fresh they have very distinctive and pleasant smell resembling the smell of Gloeophyllum odoratum. However, this smell fades after some time and disappears completely in dry herbarium samples. It is interesting that young, but also large, seemingly mature pilei do not yet have hymenium developed and do not produce spores (Ref.: 6). In my first attempt I was trying to do microscopy of both in vain. Only after I went back to the site and bring home a very old, hard, almost decaying pileus I found plentiful spores.Many pilei were present; pilei semicircular to flabelliform, applanate, also effuse-reflexed and sometimes imbricate and confluent, measuring up to 15 x 9 cm, up to 2 cm thick; trama up to 15 mm thick, pore layer up to 10 mm thick; pilei soft; pores small, slightly bruising brownish; SP rather faint, light ocher, oac 847; 5% KOH reaction on pileus almost black with deep purple tint, on pores reddish-brown, on trama brown.Spores smooth. Dimensions: (4,3) 4,8 - 5,6 (5,9) (1,6) 1,8 - 2,2 (2,5) m; Q = (2,3) 2,34 - 2,8 (3,1); N = 40; Me = 5,2 2 m; Qe = 2,6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.: (1) Leg. and personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot,
www. gobenabovskem.si (2)
www.mushroomexpert.com/ischnoderma_resinosum.html (accessed Dec 13. 2018) (3) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 573. (4) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 300. (5) L. Ryvarden, I. Melo, Poroid fungi of Europe, Synopsis Fungorum 31., Fungiflora (2014), p 240. (6) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 537.(7)
www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=I&l=l&nom=Ischnod... (accessed Dec.15.2018) (8) N. Ogris (ed), Boletus informaticus, Slovenian Forestry Institute
www.zdravgozd.si/bi_index.aspx (accessed Dec. 15. 2018)
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Climacocystis borealisSlo.: severnjaka poroznicaDat.: Sept. 04. 2010Lat.: 46.33325 Long.: 13.49235Code: Bot_454/2010_IMG-2334 Habitat: Mixed forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, slightly south oriented slope, calcareous bedrock, in shade, relatively warm place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevations 960 m (3,150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: quite fresh, still in bark, Picea abies stump.Place: Bovec basin, south slopes of Mt. Kanin mountain group, lower Gozdec place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia Comments: Growing solitary, many young fruitbodies measuring up to 7 cm (2,5 inch) by 4 cm (1,5 inch), SP white with very minute ocher tint. Smell indistinctive. Spore dimensions: 6,0 (SD = 0,4) x 4,4 (SD = 0,4) micr., Q = 1,47 (SD = 0,11), n = 30. Found during 2010 amateur mycological meeting in Bovec.Ref.: (1) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 182(2)
www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~5780.asp .(3)
www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/Climacocystis_borealis.htm .(4) Personal communication. Determined by Mr. Anton Poler.
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The oldest caps of the first growing phase (gray ones).
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Also known as Fomes officinalis and as Agarikon. This fungus causes Brown Heart Rot in conifers, mainly old growth. Photo from Gambier Island, British Columbia.
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Staughton Vale, Victoria, Australia
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Durdidwarrah, Victoria, Australia
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Pycnoporellus fulgens (Fr.) Donk 1971, syn.: Hydnum fulgens Fr., Polyporus fibrillosus KarstDE: Leuchtende Weichporling, Leuchtende Orangeporling, Oranger Nadelholz-Porling Slo.: bliskov gostoluknjiarDat.: Sept. 25. 2014Lat.: 46.36077 Long.: 13.71082Habitat: a small opening (under power lines) in mixed wood; Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; old overgrown river deposits, flat terrain, calcareous ground, an open place but not much sun because of a high mountain southeast of the place, high air humidity; moderately humid ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 550 m (1.800 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead, fallen Picea abies log, partly still in bark, lying on ground.Place: Lower Trenta valley, left bank of river Soa, slightly upstream of farmhouse 'Otokar', Trenta 4, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This find was initially determined (with reservations, spore dimensions and substrate definitely did not fit) as Abortiporus biennis. Based on discussion on MO (Ref.: 1) the determination was corrected to Pycnoporellus fulgens. The new determination solves the problems with spore dimensions and substratum.Pycnoporellus fulgens is a rare continental species in Europe apparently restricted to the natural area of Picea abies and distinctly restricted to old forests with high continuity (Ref.: 2). It is more frequent in North America and Canada. It appears that during last decades it shifts its main distribution area from northern regions to southern. Also it seems that its occurrence is increasing, at least in Switzerland (Ref.: 4. and 5.). Growing in a group of about ten pilei; pilei applanate to slightly effused-reflexed, broadly attached; semicircular to slightly dimidiate, soft, but solid and pliant, with softer, wet surface; pilei dimensions: up to 10 cm wide, projecting up to 6 cm off the substratum and up to 1.8 cm thick; distinct lateral stipe absent; pore layer up to 6 mm thick; pore surface slowly discolors to pale brown-red when handled; 5% KOH reaction on trama and pileus surface instant, strong, dark purple red; on pore layer brick red; smell none, taste at the beginning mildly mushroomy later somewhat unpleasant; SP whitish-yellowish, oac909. Several Fomitopsis pinicola pilei were also present on the same log, which is characteristic too for Pycnoporellus fulgens (Ref.: 4).Protected according to Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih vrstah gliv, Uradni list RS, t. 58/2011 (Regulation of protected wild fungi, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 58/2011), (2011). on red list Ref.:(1) Id'ed by Susanne Sourell (suse) on Mushroom Observer. See MO observation #185610.(2) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1993), p 593. (3) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 478. (4) B. Senn-Irlet, Der Leuchtende Weichporling - eine Piltzart auf dem Vormarsch, Wald und Holz, 11/05, WSL, Switzerland, p 34.(5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 573.
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Booraan, Western Australia, Australia
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Postia caesia, syn.: Oligoporus caesius, Tyromyces caesius Conifer Bluing Bracket, Blauer SaftporlingSlo.: modri skutovecDat.: Jan. 11. 2014Lat.: 46.37043 Long.: 13.72595Code: Bot_781/2014_DSC9756Habitat: Mixed forest, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees, steep mountain slope, southeast oriented; calcareous ground; sunny place but in half shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 620 m (2.034 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: on cut-off surface of a small, dead trunk of Picea abies lying on ground partly still in bark, in late initial stage of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, at the foot of southeast slopes of Mt. Pelc, 2.109 m (6.919 feet), between the second and the third switchback of the forest road to Berebica, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary; pileus 7 x 3.5 x 2.5 cm, tube layer max 1.2 cm thick; smell indistinctive; flesh soft, fibrous, watery; bruising bluish-green-gray when handled; SP none; rather old sporocarp; spores taken from pore surface using soft, moist brush. Spores seem to be somewhat too small.Spores smooth, cylindrical and allantoid. Dimensions: 4.6 (SD = 0.3) x 1.5 (SD = 0.1) , Q = 3.14 (SD = 0.29), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes.l., Fungi Europaei Vol.10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 332. (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 490. (3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 316. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 313. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 548. (6) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 435.
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This fungus causes Heart Rot on conifer logs. Photos from Mt. Elphinstone, British Columbia.
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This is a widespread conifer root parasite, causing Butt Rot. It yields green, brown and yellow natural dyes. Photo from near Gibson, British Columbia.
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Ischnoderma resinosum (Schrad.) P. Karst., syn.: Fomitopsis resinosa (Schrad.) Rauschert, Ischnoderma fuliginosum (Scop.) Murrill, Ungulina fuliginosa (Scop.) Pat.EN: Resinous Polypore, DE: Laubholz-HarzporlingSlo.: bukova irhovkaOlder pores.Dat.: Dec. 3. 2018Lat.: 46.337198 Long.: 13.553608Code: Bot_1168/2018_DSC4494Habitat: cultivated grassland, city park; flat terrain; calcareous ground; partly sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 450 m (1.480 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead Acer sp. (personal communication with a resident living next to the place) stump near its final stage of decomposition.Place: Bovec basin, city park in front of the hotel Kanin, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Ischnoderma resinosum is widely distributed and a common species in many regions. But it is a rare find in west Slovenia. This observation seems, at least according to available data from Boletus Informaticus database (Ref.: 8), the first one in Posoje region. Pilei are surprisingly soft for a polypore. When fresh they have very distinctive and pleasant smell resembling the smell of Gloeophyllum odoratum. However, this smell fades after some time and disappears completely in dry herbarium samples. It is interesting that young, but also large, seemingly mature pilei do not yet have hymenium developed and do not produce spores (Ref.: 6). In my first attempt I was trying to do microscopy of both in vain. Only after I went back to the site and bring home a very old, hard, almost decaying pileus I found plentiful spores.Many pilei were present; pilei semicircular to flabelliform, applanate, also effuse-reflexed and sometimes imbricate and confluent, measuring up to 15 x 9 cm, up to 2 cm thick; trama up to 15 mm thick, pore layer up to 10 mm thick; pilei soft; pores small, slightly bruising brownish; SP rather faint, light ocher, oac 847; 5% KOH reaction on pileus almost black with deep purple tint, on pores reddish-brown, on trama brown.Spores smooth. Dimensions: (4,3) 4,8 - 5,6 (5,9) (1,6) 1,8 - 2,2 (2,5) m; Q = (2,3) 2,34 - 2,8 (3,1); N = 40; Me = 5,2 2 m; Qe = 2,6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.: (1) Leg. and personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot,
www. gobenabovskem.si (2)
www.mushroomexpert.com/ischnoderma_resinosum.html (accessed Dec 13. 2018) (3) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 573. (4) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 300. (5) L. Ryvarden, I. Melo, Poroid fungi of Europe, Synopsis Fungorum 31., Fungiflora (2014), p 240. (6) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 537.(7)
www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=I&l=l&nom=Ischnod... (accessed Dec.15.2018) (8) N. Ogris (ed), Boletus informaticus, Slovenian Forestry Institute
www.zdravgozd.si/bi_index.aspx (accessed Dec. 15. 2018)
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Climacocystis borealisSlo.: severnjaka poroznicaDat.: Sept. 04. 2010Lat.: 46.33325 Long.: 13.49235Code: Bot_454/2010_IMG-2334 Habitat: Mixed forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, slightly south oriented slope, calcareous bedrock, in shade, relatively warm place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevations 960 m (3,150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: quite fresh, still in bark, Picea abies stump.Place: Bovec basin, south slopes of Mt. Kanin mountain group, lower Gozdec place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia Comments: Growing solitary, many young fruitbodies measuring up to 7 cm (2,5 inch) by 4 cm (1,5 inch), SP white with very minute ocher tint. Smell indistinctive. Spore dimensions: 6,0 (SD = 0,4) x 4,4 (SD = 0,4) micr., Q = 1,47 (SD = 0,11), n = 30. Found during 2010 amateur mycological meeting in Bovec.Ref.: (1) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 182(2)
www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~5780.asp .(3)
www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/Climacocystis_borealis.htm .(4) Personal communication. Determined by Mr. Anton Poler.
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Fomitopsis pinicolaRed-belted polyporeSlo.: smrekova kresilaaDat.: May 26. 2009Lat.: 46.30996 Long.: 13.57928Code: Bot_346/2009-8677/8710Habitat: In a narrow humid gorge, next to mountain stream Slatenek, mostly shadow, Precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.800 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead, still standing deciduous tree trunk already without branches (not conifer!), in a small group, from 0.5 m (2 feet) to 2.5 m (8 feet) above groundPlace: Slatenek gorge, at the end of a long abandoned chart road, southwest of Mt. Javorek, 1.557 m (5.109 feet), East Julian Alps, Slovenia ECComment: Books say this fungus grows mostly on conifers.
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Laricifomes officinalis (Vill.) Kotl. & Pouzar, syn.: Fomitopsis officinalis (Vill.) Bondartsev & SingerEN: Quinine fungus, Larch fungus, DE: Lrchenschwamm, Apotheker-, PurgierschwammSlo.: mecesnova kresiljaa, mecesnova gobaDat.: Aug. 18. 2018Lat.: 46.4 Long.: 13.5 (coordinates are approximate only)Not published: Lat.: 46,46876 Long.: 13,51858Code: Bot_1080/2017_DSC8580Picture file names: from Laricifomes-officinalis_raw_1 to Laricifomes-officinalis_raw_6.Habitat: Old Larix decidua stands; steep mountain slope, north aspect; partly sunny; calcareous, skeletal ground; average precipitations about 2.000 -2.500 mm/year, elevation 1.750 m (5.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: old Larix decidua tree.Place: Zajzera (Valbruna valley), West Julian Alps, FriuliVenezia Giulia, Italy EC.Not published: Mont Kamniti Lovec, 2.071 m (6.795 feet) mountain group; northwest of the pick; above the dirt road from village Ovja vas (Valbruna) to Svete Viarje (Borgo Lussari), near mountain trail 617, West Julian Alps, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy EC. Comments: Laricifomes officinalis is a rare, endangered and protected species in Slovenia as well as in most of Europe. In the Slovenian fungi data base (Ref.: 6) only three occurrences are stated. However, lately more of them have become known (Ref.: 3), yet, still not much more than ten to fifteen. The fungus is more frequent in North America and North and Far East Asia. The main reason that it almost disappeared from Europe seems intensive collection of its fruit bodies. Laricifomes officinalis is a famous medical fungus having almost miraculous healing properties, known to men for millennia. Antibiotic activities and antiviral activity of the fruiting body is scientifically proven. It is particularly respected in China and Japan. No wander, it was collected by individuals as well as commercially for pharmaceutical industry without limits. Its main substance is agaricin, which is nowadays produced synthetically. This released the pressure to collect it greatly at least from the commercial side. However, apart from agaricin the fungus contains several other biologically active compounds like carotenoids, sterols, unsaturated fatty acids, bioflavonoids and vitamins of B, P, E and A groups (Ref.: 5). That is probably the reason that individual collectors still endanger the species. For example, in Slovenia, after publishing some of newly found locations of the fungus in 2011 several of them have been vandalized in relatively short time.In Europe Laricifomes officinalis grows exclusively on very large and old Larix decidua trees (in America also on other conifers). Such trees have become very rare. They still grow on hardly accessible places in the mountains near tree level where human impact on nature is still at minimum. Scarcity of adequate substratum additionally contributes to sharp decline of Laricifomes officinalis. Successful experiments how to artificially inoculate healthy Larix decidua trees with its mycelium and how to grow it in an artificial media are reported (Ref. 4, 5). This may eventually help in preservation of this species from extinction. It's surprising that Index Fungorum and MycoBank still keep Fomitopsis officinalis as a 'current' name of this fungus in spite of several molecular studies made between 2005 and 2016, which all have proven that Laricifomes officinalis forms a separate lineage distant from Fomitopsis and represents a separate monophyletic genus (Ref.: 8).Listed in: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih vrstah gliv, Uradni list RS, t. 58/2011 (Regulation of protected wild fungi, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 58/2011), (2011). On Rdei seznam gliv v Sloveniji, Uradni list RS (Red list of fungi of Slovenia, Offitial Gazerte of Republic Slovenia), t./no. 42/2010 z dne/from 28. 5. 2010, marked by "E" representing a critically endangered species.Ref.: (1) Fungus found by and personal communication with Dr. Igor Dakskobler, Scientific Research Center of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2., Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 316. (3) I. Dakskobler, A. Selikar, G. Podgornik, Razirjenost in ekologija vrste Laricifomes officinalis (Vill.) Kotl. & Pouzar v Julijskih Alpah (Slovenija) (Distribution and ecology of Laricifomes officinalis (Vill.) Kotl. & Pouzar in the Julian Alps Slovenia), GozdV 69. 3 (2011); available at:
www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-5ITWR4MN/?query=%27con... (accessed Nov. 12. 2018)(4) A. Gregori1, B. Pikur , M. Gregori, D. Jurc, Spread of the fungus Fomitopsis officinalis inoculated in stems of living larch in Slovenia; available at:
pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7f72/90c2031ddc886158844d564b331... (accessed Nov. 18. 2018)(5) M. L. Sidorenko and V. A. Semal, Production of Submerged Mycelium of Laricifomes officinalis (Vill) Kotl. et Pouzar, World Applied Sciences Journal 23 (5), (2013), p 685; available at:
pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c761/ac8d3bf3ece6ba1fe8b7390394a... (accessed Nov. 17. 2018). (6) N. Ogris (ed), Boletus informaticus, Slovenian Forestry Institute
www.zdravgozd.si/bi_index.aspx (accessed Nov. 17. 2018)(7) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 222.(8) Mei-Ling Han, Yuan Yuan Chen, Lu-Lu Shen, Jie Song, Josef Vlask, Yu-Cheng Dai, Bao-Kai Cui, Taxonomy and phylogeny of the brown-rot fungi: Fomitopsis and its related genera, Fungal diversity (2016).
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Staughton Vale, Victoria, Australia