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Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr., syn.: Pyropolyporus fomentarius (L.) Teng, Ungulina fomentaria (L.) Pat., Polyporus fomentarius (L.) Fr. Tinder Bracket, Tinder conk, Amadou, Horse's hoof, DE: ZnderschwammSlo.: kresilna gobaDat.: Oct. 20. 2017Lat.: 46.36242 Long.: 13.69997Code: Bot_1094/2017_DSC03421Habitat: steep mountain slope, south aspect; mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus and Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; calcareous ground; relatively warm and dry place; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 685 m (2.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead, still standing Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; Pod Stemerico place, above Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Fomes fomentarius is probably the most common and easy to spot Polyporaceae in the Trenta valley and surrounding valleys. Only Fomitopsis pinicola living on dead Picea abies is eventually more frequent and also more noticeable with its orange-red rim of the pilei. This is so because deteriorated and rotten Picea abies trees and trunks are in abundance here. Namely, Picea abies is not really a 'suitable' species for this habitat and climate and hardly thrives bountifully in this region. Also, many trees now grow on former pastures, now abandoned for decades, which were covered with only a very thin layer of soil. Combined with their shallow root system they are almost regularly toppled by strong winds when they become a few decades old. Presence of many dead Picea abies trunks here around is a stage of natural forest succession process. This conifer is gradually replaced by Fagus sylvatica trees, which is a species truly 'at home' in Trenta valley.Fomes fomentarius is mostly easy to recognize as such when it has its typical pileate or hoof-shaped habit. Although, it may cases it looks quite different from most pictures in the books. The habit depends on substratum, position on it and particularly on the age of the sporocarps. When young they are like a roundish 'blobs' of whitish, grayish or yellowish-ocher color, without a pore layer. In the first year pilei are brownish or yellowish, sometimes of reddish tint (ref.: 6) and becoming zonate on upper side. After the first year hard crust develops on the upper sterile side of sporocarps, which becomes gray to brown, and deeply zonate. When old they frequently become hoof-shaped, but other, often bizarre, shapes are also possible. If moist the old sporocarps may look totally black and are frequently difficult to distinguish from old Fomitopsis pinicola pilei. The most characteristic traits of mature Fomes fomentarius are: hard crust on the upper, sterile surface of basidiocarp, and particularly a granular, roundish, dark brown core next to the substratum (seen only in cross section of the sporocarp; a good distinguishing characteristics against sometimes very similar Ganoderma species (Ref:3)), pores with thick tomentose dissepiments and yellowish brown fibrous context. Tube layer is more or less stratified and filled with white mycelium when old. Stratification is often weak (Ref.8.even states: non-stratified tube layer). Basidiocarps are consistently fertile only early in the spring, so there was no spore print with this find. This species is culturally very important. It was found already with 5.500 years old find of frozen body of tzi, also called "iceman", high in the Alps. He had a piece of Fomes fomentarius sporocarp with him. In men's history the sporocarps had been used as tinder for making and transporting fires for millennia.The sporocarps on the pictures were found on an old, dead Fagus sylvatica tree. There were more than 35 pilei present, from young ones to very old ones. The largest is 37 cm wide, 34 cm high and 22 cm thick! The tree has 2.2 m circumference at about half a meter from ground. SP none.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.: (1) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 307.(2) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, Part 1., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1993), p 254.(3) L. Ryvarden, R.L. I. Melo, Potoid fungi of Europe, Gilbertson, European Polypores, Part 1., Synopsis Fungorum 31., Fungiflora (2014 ), p 178.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 306. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 519. (6) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 215.(7) J. Ginns, Polypores of British Columbia, Crown Publ., Technical Report 104 (2017), p 88. (8) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 581.
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Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr., syn.: Pyropolyporus fomentarius (L.) Teng, Ungulina fomentaria (L.) Pat., Polyporus fomentarius (L.) Fr. Tinder Bracket, Tinder conk, Amadou, Horse's hoof, DE: ZnderschwammSlo.: kresilna gobaDat.: Oct. 20. 2017Lat.: 46.36242 Long.: 13.69997Code: Bot_1094/2017_DSC03421Habitat: steep mountain slope, south aspect; mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus and Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; calcareous ground; relatively warm and dry place; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 685 m (2.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead, still standing Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; Pod Stemerico place, above Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Fomes fomentarius is probably the most common and easy to spot Polyporaceae in the Trenta valley and surrounding valleys. Only Fomitopsis pinicola living on dead Picea abies is eventually more frequent and also more noticeable with its orange-red rim of the pilei. This is so because deteriorated and rotten Picea abies trees and trunks are in abundance here. Namely, Picea abies is not really a 'suitable' species for this habitat and climate and hardly thrives bountifully in this region. Also, many trees now grow on former pastures, now abandoned for decades, which were covered with only a very thin layer of soil. Combined with their shallow root system they are almost regularly toppled by strong winds when they become a few decades old. Presence of many dead Picea abies trunks here around is a stage of natural forest succession process. This conifer is gradually replaced by Fagus sylvatica trees, which is a species truly 'at home' in Trenta valley.Fomes fomentarius is mostly easy to recognize as such when it has its typical pileate or hoof-shaped habit. Although, it many cases it looks quite different from most pictures in the books. The habit depends on substratum, position on it and particularly on the age of the sporocarps. When young they are like a roundish 'blobs' of whitish, grayish or yellowish-ocher color, without a pore layer. In the first year pilei are brownish or yellowish, sometimes of reddish tint (ref.: 6) and becoming zonate on upper side. After the first year hard crust develops on the upper sterile side of sporocarps, which becomes gray to brown, and deeply zonate. When old they frequently become hoof-shaped, but other, often bizarre, shapes are also possible. If moist the old sporocarps may look totally black and are frequently difficult to distinguish from old Fomitopsis pinicola pilei. The most characteristic traits of mature Fomes fomentarius are: hard crust on the upper, sterile surface of basidiocarp, and particularly a granular, roundish, dark brown core next to the substratum (seen only in cross section of the sporocarp; a good distinguishing characteristics against sometimes very similar Ganoderma species (Ref:3)), pores with thick tomentose dissepiments and yellowish brown fibrous context. Tube layer is more or less stratified and filled with white mycelium when old. Stratification is often weak (Ref.8.even states: non-stratified tube layer). Basidiocarps are consistently fertile only early in the spring, so there was no spore print with this find. This species is culturally very important. It was found already with 5.500 years old find of frozen body of tzi, also called "iceman", high in the Alps. He had a piece of Fomes fomentarius sporocarp with him. In men's history the sporocarps had been used as tinder for making and transporting fires for millennia.The sporocarps on the pictures were found on an old, dead Fagus sylvatica tree. There were more than 35 pilei present, from young ones to very old ones. The largest is 37 cm wide, 34 cm high and 22 cm thick! The tree has 2.2 m circumference at about half a meter from ground. SP none.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.: (1) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 307.(2) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, Part 1., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1993), p 254.(3) L. Ryvarden, R.L. I. Melo, Potoid fungi of Europe, Gilbertson, European Polypores, Part 1., Synopsis Fungorum 31., Fungiflora (2014 ), p 178.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 306. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 519. (6) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 215.(7) J. Ginns, Polypores of British Columbia, Crown Publ., Technical Report 104 (2017), p 88. (8) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 581.
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Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr., syn.: Pyropolyporus fomentarius (L.) Teng, Ungulina fomentaria (L.) Pat., Polyporus fomentarius (L.) Fr. Tinder Bracket, Tinder conk, Amadou, Horse's hoof, DE: ZnderschwammSlo.: kresilna gobaDat.: Oct. 20. 2017Lat.: 46.36242 Long.: 13.69997Code: Bot_1094/2017_DSC03421Habitat: steep mountain slope, south aspect; mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus and Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; calcareous ground; relatively warm and dry place; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 685 m (2.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead, still standing Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; Pod Stemerico place, above Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Fomes fomentarius is probably the most common and easy to spot Polyporaceae in the Trenta valley and surrounding valleys. Only Fomitopsis pinicola living on dead Picea abies is eventually more frequent and also more noticeable with its orange-red rim of the pilei. This is so because deteriorated and rotten Picea abies trees and trunks are in abundance here. Namely, Picea abies is not really a 'suitable' species for this habitat and climate and hardly thrives bountifully in this region. Also, many trees now grow on former pastures, now abandoned for decades, which were covered with only a very thin layer of soil. Combined with their shallow root system they are almost regularly toppled by strong winds when they become a few decades old. Presence of many dead Picea abies trunks here around is a stage of natural forest succession process. This conifer is gradually replaced by Fagus sylvatica trees, which is a species truly 'at home' in Trenta valley.Fomes fomentarius is mostly easy to recognize as such when it has its typical pileate or hoof-shaped habit. Although, it many cases it looks quite different from most pictures in the books. The habit depends on substratum, position on it and particularly on the age of the sporocarps. When young they are like a roundish 'blobs' of whitish, grayish or yellowish-ocher color, without a pore layer. In the first year pilei are brownish or yellowish, sometimes of reddish tint (ref.: 6) and becoming zonate on upper side. After the first year hard crust develops on the upper sterile side of sporocarps, which becomes gray to brown, and deeply zonate. When old they frequently become hoof-shaped, but other, often bizarre, shapes are also possible. If moist the old sporocarps may look totally black and are frequently difficult to distinguish from old Fomitopsis pinicola pilei. The most characteristic traits of mature Fomes fomentarius are: hard crust on the upper, sterile surface of basidiocarp, and particularly a granular, roundish, dark brown core next to the substratum (seen only in cross section of the sporocarp; a good distinguishing characteristics against sometimes very similar Ganoderma species (Ref:3)), pores with thick tomentose dissepiments and yellowish brown fibrous context. Tube layer is more or less stratified and filled with white mycelium when old. Stratification is often weak (Ref.8.even states: non-stratified tube layer). Basidiocarps are consistently fertile only early in the spring, so there was no spore print with this find. This species is culturally very important. It was found already with 5.500 years old find of frozen body of tzi, also called "iceman", high in the Alps. He had a piece of Fomes fomentarius sporocarp with him. In men's history the sporocarps had been used as tinder for making and transporting fires for millennia.The sporocarps on the pictures were found on an old, dead Fagus sylvatica tree. There were more than 35 pilei present, from young ones to very old ones. The largest is 37 cm wide, 34 cm high and 22 cm thick! The tree has 2.2 m circumference at about half a meter from ground. SP none.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.: (1) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 307.(2) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, Part 1., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1993), p 254.(3) L. Ryvarden, R.L. I. Melo, Potoid fungi of Europe, Gilbertson, European Polypores, Part 1., Synopsis Fungorum 31., Fungiflora (2014 ), p 178.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 306. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 519. (6) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 215.(7) J. Ginns, Polypores of British Columbia, Crown Publ., Technical Report 104 (2017), p 88. (8) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 581.
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Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr., syn.: Pyropolyporus fomentarius (L.) Teng, Ungulina fomentaria (L.) Pat., Polyporus fomentarius (L.) Fr. Tinder Bracket, Tinder conk, Amadou, Horse's hoof, DE: ZnderschwammSlo.: kresilna gobaDat.: Oct. 20. 2017Lat.: 46.36242 Long.: 13.69997Code: Bot_1094/2017_DSC03421Habitat: steep mountain slope, south aspect; mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus and Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; calcareous ground; relatively warm and dry place; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 685 m (2.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead, still standing Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; Pod Stemerico place, above Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Fomes fomentarius is probably the most common and easy to spot Polyporaceae in the Trenta valley and surrounding valleys. Only Fomitopsis pinicola living on dead Picea abies is eventually more frequent and also more noticeable with its orange-red rim of the pilei. This is so because deteriorated and rotten Picea abies trees and trunks are in abundance here. Namely, Picea abies is not really a 'suitable' species for this habitat and climate and hardly thrives bountifully in this region. Also, many trees now grow on former pastures, now abandoned for decades, which were covered with only a very thin layer of soil. Combined with their shallow root system they are almost regularly toppled by strong winds when they become a few decades old. Presence of many dead Picea abies trunks here around is a stage of natural forest succession process. This conifer is gradually replaced by Fagus sylvatica trees, which is a species truly 'at home' in Trenta valley.Fomes fomentarius is mostly easy to recognize as such when it has its typical pileate or hoof-shaped habit. Although, it many cases it looks quite different from most pictures in the books. The habit depends on substratum, position on it and particularly on the age of the sporocarps. When young they are like a roundish 'blobs' of whitish, grayish or yellowish-ocher color, without a pore layer. In the first year pilei are brownish or yellowish, sometimes of reddish tint (ref.: 6) and becoming zonate on upper side. After the first year hard crust develops on the upper sterile side of sporocarps, which becomes gray to brown, and deeply zonate. When old they frequently become hoof-shaped, but other, often bizarre, shapes are also possible. If moist the old sporocarps may look totally black and are frequently difficult to distinguish from old Fomitopsis pinicola pilei. The most characteristic traits of mature Fomes fomentarius are: hard crust on the upper, sterile surface of basidiocarp, and particularly a granular, roundish, dark brown core next to the substratum (seen only in cross section of the sporocarp; a good distinguishing characteristics against sometimes very similar Ganoderma species (Ref:3)), pores with thick tomentose dissepiments and yellowish brown fibrous context. Tube layer is more or less stratified and filled with white mycelium when old. Stratification is often weak (Ref.8.even states: non-stratified tube layer). Basidiocarps are consistently fertile only early in the spring, so there was no spore print with this find. This species is culturally very important. It was found already with 5.500 years old find of frozen body of tzi, also called "iceman", high in the Alps. He had a piece of Fomes fomentarius sporocarp with him. In men's history the sporocarps had been used as tinder for making and transporting fires for millennia.The sporocarps on the pictures were found on an old, dead Fagus sylvatica tree. There were more than 35 pilei present, from young ones to very old ones. The largest is 37 cm wide, 34 cm high and 22 cm thick! The tree has 2.2 m circumference at about half a meter from ground. SP none.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.: (1) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 307.(2) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, Part 1., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1993), p 254.(3) L. Ryvarden, R.L. I. Melo, Potoid fungi of Europe, Gilbertson, European Polypores, Part 1., Synopsis Fungorum 31., Fungiflora (2014 ), p 178.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 306. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 519. (6) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 215.(7) J. Ginns, Polypores of British Columbia, Crown Publ., Technical Report 104 (2017), p 88. (8) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 581.
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Brockenhurst, England, United Kingdom
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Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr., syn.: Pyropolyporus fomentarius (L.) Teng, Ungulina fomentaria (L.) Pat., Polyporus fomentarius (L.) Fr. Tinder Bracket, Tinder conk, Amadou, Horse's hoof, DE: ZnderschwammSlo.: kresilna gobaDat.: Oct. 20. 2017Lat.: 46.36242 Long.: 13.69997Code: Bot_1094/2017_DSC03421Habitat: steep mountain slope, south aspect; mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus and Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; calcareous ground; relatively warm and dry place; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 685 m (2.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead, still standing Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; Pod Stemerico place, above Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Fomes fomentarius is probably the most common and easy to spot Polyporaceae in the Trenta valley and surrounding valleys. Only Fomitopsis pinicola living on dead Picea abies is eventually more frequent and also more noticeable with its orange-red rim of the pilei. This is so because deteriorated and rotten Picea abies trees and trunks are in abundance here. Namely, Picea abies is not really a 'suitable' species for this habitat and climate and hardly thrives bountifully in this region. Also, many trees now grow on former pastures, now abandoned for decades, which were covered with only a very thin layer of soil. Combined with their shallow root system they are almost regularly toppled by strong winds when they become a few decades old. Presence of many dead Picea abies trunks here around is a stage of natural forest succession process. This conifer is gradually replaced by Fagus sylvatica trees, which is a species truly 'at home' in Trenta valley.Fomes fomentarius is mostly easy to recognize as such when it has its typical pileate or hoof-shaped habit. Although, it many cases it looks quite different from most pictures in the books. The habit depends on substratum, position on it and particularly on the age of the sporocarps. When young they are like a roundish 'blobs' of whitish, grayish or yellowish-ocher color, without a pore layer. In the first year pilei are brownish or yellowish, sometimes of reddish tint (ref.: 6) and becoming zonate on upper side. After the first year hard crust develops on the upper sterile side of sporocarps, which becomes gray to brown, and deeply zonate. When old they frequently become hoof-shaped, but other, often bizarre, shapes are also possible. If moist the old sporocarps may look totally black and are frequently difficult to distinguish from old Fomitopsis pinicola pilei. The most characteristic traits of mature Fomes fomentarius are: hard crust on the upper, sterile surface of basidiocarp, and particularly a granular, roundish, dark brown core next to the substratum (seen only in cross section of the sporocarp; a good distinguishing characteristics against sometimes very similar Ganoderma species (Ref:3)), pores with thick tomentose dissepiments and yellowish brown fibrous context. Tube layer is more or less stratified and filled with white mycelium when old. Stratification is often weak (Ref.8.even states: non-stratified tube layer). Basidiocarps are consistently fertile only early in the spring, so there was no spore print with this find. This species is culturally very important. It was found already with 5.500 years old find of frozen body of tzi, also called "iceman", high in the Alps. He had a piece of Fomes fomentarius sporocarp with him. In men's history the sporocarps had been used as tinder for making and transporting fires for millennia.The sporocarps on the pictures were found on an old, dead Fagus sylvatica tree. There were more than 35 pilei present, from young ones to very old ones. The largest is 37 cm wide, 34 cm high and 22 cm thick! The tree has 2.2 m circumference at about half a meter from ground. SP none.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.: (1) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 307.(2) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, Part 1., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1993), p 254.(3) L. Ryvarden, R.L. I. Melo, Potoid fungi of Europe, Gilbertson, European Polypores, Part 1., Synopsis Fungorum 31., Fungiflora (2014 ), p 178.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 306. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 519. (6) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 215.(7) J. Ginns, Polypores of British Columbia, Crown Publ., Technical Report 104 (2017), p 88. (8) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 581.
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Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr., syn.: Pyropolyporus fomentarius (L.) Teng, Ungulina fomentaria (L.) Pat., Polyporus fomentarius (L.) Fr. Tinder Bracket, Tinder conk, Amadou, Horse's hoof, DE: ZnderschwammSlo.: kresilna gobaDat.: Oct. 20. 2017Lat.: 46.36242 Long.: 13.69997Code: Bot_1094/2017_DSC03421Habitat: steep mountain slope, south aspect; mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus and Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; calcareous ground; relatively warm and dry place; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 685 m (2.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead, still standing Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; Pod Stemerico place, above Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Fomes fomentarius is probably the most common and easy to spot Polyporaceae in the Trenta valley and surrounding valleys. Only Fomitopsis pinicola living on dead Picea abies is eventually more frequent and also more noticeable with its orange-red rim of the pilei. This is so because deteriorated and rotten Picea abies trees and trunks are in abundance here. Namely, Picea abies is not really a 'suitable' species for this habitat and climate and hardly thrives bountifully in this region. Also, many trees now grow on former pastures, now abandoned for decades, which were covered with only a very thin layer of soil. Combined with their shallow root system they are almost regularly toppled by strong winds when they become a few decades old. Presence of many dead Picea abies trunks here around is a stage of natural forest succession process. This conifer is gradually replaced by Fagus sylvatica trees, which is a species truly 'at home' in Trenta valley.Fomes fomentarius is mostly easy to recognize as such when it has its typical pileate or hoof-shaped habit. Although, it many cases it looks quite different from most pictures in the books. The habit depends on substratum, position on it and particularly on the age of the sporocarps. When young they are like a roundish 'blobs' of whitish, grayish or yellowish-ocher color, without a pore layer. In the first year pilei are brownish or yellowish, sometimes of reddish tint (ref.: 6) and becoming zonate on upper side. After the first year hard crust develops on the upper sterile side of sporocarps, which becomes gray to brown, and deeply zonate. When old they frequently become hoof-shaped, but other, often bizarre, shapes are also possible. If moist the old sporocarps may look totally black and are frequently difficult to distinguish from old Fomitopsis pinicola pilei. The most characteristic traits of mature Fomes fomentarius are: hard crust on the upper, sterile surface of basidiocarp, and particularly a granular, roundish, dark brown core next to the substratum (seen only in cross section of the sporocarp; a good distinguishing characteristics against sometimes very similar Ganoderma species (Ref:3)), pores with thick tomentose dissepiments and yellowish brown fibrous context. Tube layer is more or less stratified and filled with white mycelium when old. Stratification is often weak (Ref.8.even states: non-stratified tube layer). Basidiocarps are consistently fertile only early in the spring, so there was no spore print with this find. This species is culturally very important. It was found already with 5.500 years old find of frozen body of tzi, also called "iceman", high in the Alps. He had a piece of Fomes fomentarius sporocarp with him. In men's history the sporocarps had been used as tinder for making and transporting fires for millennia.The sporocarps on the pictures were found on an old, dead Fagus sylvatica tree. There were more than 35 pilei present, from young ones to very old ones. The largest is 37 cm wide, 34 cm high and 22 cm thick! The tree has 2.2 m circumference at about half a meter from ground. SP none.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.: (1) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 307.(2) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, Part 1., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1993), p 254.(3) L. Ryvarden, R.L. I. Melo, Potoid fungi of Europe, Gilbertson, European Polypores, Part 1., Synopsis Fungorum 31., Fungiflora (2014 ), p 178.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 306. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 519. (6) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 215.(7) J. Ginns, Polypores of British Columbia, Crown Publ., Technical Report 104 (2017), p 88. (8) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 581.
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Thin conk's collecting epiphytes, Jatun Sacha Reserve, Ecuador.
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Polyporus varius (Pers.) Fr., syn.: Polyporus leptocephalus (Jacq.) Fr., Polyporus elegans Blackfoot Polypore, DE: Lwengelber SchwarzfuporlingSlo.: raznolini luknjiarDat.: July 26. 2015Lat.: 46.41417 Long. 13.56060Code: Bot_903/2015_DSC7972 (042257)Habitat: mountain lake shore, in willow thickets, among tall herbs, flat terrain, calcareous alluvial, skeletal ground; in shade, humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 2.800 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen, dead trunk of Salix eleagnos in its initial disintegration stage.Place: Iof di Montasio region, south shore of Raibel Lake (Rabeljsko jezero), south of village Rabelj (Cave del Predil), Jezernica valley (Val Rio del Lago), borderline between East and West Julian Alps, Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, Italy EC.Comments: Assuming this find belongs to Polyporus Fr. (sens.lat.) large measured spores point to the group Polyporus s.str. with only two members in Europe, namely Polyoprus tuberaster and Polyporus squamosus (Ref.1). Since Polyporus tuberster grows on ground from a sclerotium the only candidate from this group remains Polyporus squamoss. However, density of pores (measured 5-6 pores/mm; typical for Polyporus squamosus 1-2/mm) apparently exclude this option. Also, pilei surface do not show even a trace of radially arranged darker squamules so typical for Polyporus squamosus. So, this option seems out. On the other hand macroscopic traits fit well to Polyporud varius. Pilei size, density of pores, pilei color (for young pilei), decurrent pores, black, short, relatively thin stipe and substratum all speak in favor of this determination. However, measured spores are way too big. I have no convincing explanation for this discrepancy. May be that the sporocarps found were too young to sporulate and that the spores measured belong to some other fungi in the vicinity of the find? SP was (if at all) very faint, practically invisible for the naked eye.Growing solitary and in a single group of four pilei fuzzed at the base; pilei diameter up to 6.5 cm; stipe short, thin compared to pilei diameter, almost entirely black; context firm, leathery, almost difficult to cut; when dry very hard; context slowly darkening to light brown when cut; pore surface also darkening to light brown when handled; smell distinct, mushroomy, pleasant; taste distinct, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant after a while; SP almost none.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 13 [13.9 ; 14.4] 15.2 x 4.9 [5.4 ; 5.7] 6.1 microns; Q = 2.3 [2.5 ; 2.6] 2.8; N = 20; C = 95%; Me = 14.1 x 5.5 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 586. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 298. (3) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 510. (4) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 510.(5) A.Bernicchia, S.P.Gorjon, Cortitiaceaes.i., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., EdizioniCandusso (2010), p 473. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1060. (7) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 562.(8) L. Ryvarden, Polyporaceae of North Europe, Vol. I & II, Islo (1978). (9) S. Domanski, H. Orlos, A. Skirgiello, Grzby, Polyporaceac II, Mucronoporaceae II, Springfield, Warshaw (1967).
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Polyporus varius (Pers.) Fr., syn.: Polyporus leptocephalus (Jacq.) Fr., Polyporus elegans Blackfoot Polypore, DE: Lwengelber SchwarzfuporlingSlo.: raznolini luknjiarDat.: July 26. 2015Lat.: 46.41417 Long. 13.56060Code: Bot_903/2015_DSC7972 (042257)Habitat: mountain lake shore, in willow thickets, among tall herbs, flat terrain, calcareous alluvial, skeletal ground; in shade, humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 2.800 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen, dead trunk of Salix eleagnos in its initial disintegration stage.Place: Iof di Montasio region, south shore of Raibel Lake (Rabeljsko jezero), south of village Rabelj (Cave del Predil), Jezernica valley (Val Rio del Lago), borderline between East and West Julian Alps, Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, Italy EC.Comments: Assuming this find belongs to Polyporus Fr. (sens.lat.) large measured spores point to the group Polyporus s.str. with only two members in Europe, namely Polyoprus tuberaster and Polyporus squamosus (Ref.1). Since Polyporus tuberster grows on ground from a sclerotium the only candidate from this group remains Polyporus squamoss. However, density of pores (measured 5-6 pores/mm; typical for Polyporus squamosus 1-2/mm) apparently exclude this option. Also, pilei surface do not show even a trace of radially arranged darker squamules so typical for Polyporus squamosus. So, this option seems out. On the other hand macroscopic traits fit well to Polyporud varius. Pilei size, density of pores, pilei color (for young pilei), decurrent pores, black, short, relatively thin stipe and substratum all speak in favor of this determination. However, measured spores are way too big. I have no convincing explanation for this discrepancy. May be that the sporocarps found were too young to sporulate and that the spores measured belong to some other fungi in the vicinity of the find? SP was (if at all) very faint, practically invisible for the naked eye.Growing solitary and in a single group of four pilei fuzzed at the base; pilei diameter up to 6.5 cm; stipe short, thin compared to pilei diameter, almost entirely black; context firm, leathery, almost difficult to cut; when dry very hard; context slowly darkening to light brown when cut; pore surface also darkening to light brown when handled; smell distinct, mushroomy, pleasant; taste distinct, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant after a while; SP almost none.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 13 [13.9 ; 14.4] 15.2 x 4.9 [5.4 ; 5.7] 6.1 microns; Q = 2.3 [2.5 ; 2.6] 2.8; N = 20; C = 95%; Me = 14.1 x 5.5 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 586. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 298. (3) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 510. (4) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 510.(5) A.Bernicchia, S.P.Gorjon, Cortitiaceaes.i., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., EdizioniCandusso (2010), p 473. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1060. (7) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 562.(8) L. Ryvarden, Polyporaceae of North Europe, Vol. I & II, Islo (1978). (9) S. Domanski, H. Orlos, A. Skirgiello, Grzby, Polyporaceac II, Mucronoporaceae II, Springfield, Warshaw (1967).
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Polyporus varius (Pers.) Fr., syn.: Polyporus leptocephalus (Jacq.) Fr., Polyporus elegans Blackfoot Polypore, DE: Lwengelber SchwarzfuporlingSlo.: raznolini luknjiarDat.: July 26. 2015Lat.: 46.41417 Long. 13.56060Code: Bot_903/2015_DSC7972 (042257)Habitat: mountain lake shore, in willow thickets, among tall herbs, flat terrain, calcareous alluvial, skeletal ground; in shade, humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 2.800 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen, dead trunk of Salix eleagnos in its initial disintegration stage.Place: Iof di Montasio region, south shore of Raibel Lake (Rabeljsko jezero), south of village Rabelj (Cave del Predil), Jezernica valley (Val Rio del Lago), borderline between East and West Julian Alps, Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, Italy EC.Comments: Assuming this find belongs to Polyporus Fr. (sens.lat.) large measured spores point to the group Polyporus s.str. with only two members in Europe, namely Polyoprus tuberaster and Polyporus squamosus (Ref.1). Since Polyporus tuberster grows on ground from a sclerotium the only candidate from this group remains Polyporus squamoss. However, density of pores (measured 5-6 pores/mm; typical for Polyporus squamosus 1-2/mm) apparently exclude this option. Also, pilei surface do not show even a trace of radially arranged darker squamules so typical for Polyporus squamosus. So, this option seems out. On the other hand macroscopic traits fit well to Polyporud varius. Pilei size, density of pores, pilei color (for young pilei), decurrent pores, black, short, relatively thin stipe and substratum all speak in favor of this determination. However, measured spores are way too big. I have no convincing explanation for this discrepancy. May be that the sporocarps found were too young to sporulate and that the spores measured belong to some other fungi in the vicinity of the find? SP was (if at all) very faint, practically invisible for the naked eye.Growing solitary and in a single group of four pilei fuzzed at the base; pilei diameter up to 6.5 cm; stipe short, thin compared to pilei diameter, almost entirely black; context firm, leathery, almost difficult to cut; when dry very hard; context slowly darkening to light brown when cut; pore surface also darkening to light brown when handled; smell distinct, mushroomy, pleasant; taste distinct, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant after a while; SP almost none.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 13 [13.9 ; 14.4] 15.2 x 4.9 [5.4 ; 5.7] 6.1 microns; Q = 2.3 [2.5 ; 2.6] 2.8; N = 20; C = 95%; Me = 14.1 x 5.5 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 586. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 298. (3) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 510. (4) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 510.(5) A.Bernicchia, S.P.Gorjon, Cortitiaceaes.i., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., EdizioniCandusso (2010), p 473. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1060. (7) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 562.(8) L. Ryvarden, Polyporaceae of North Europe, Vol. I & II, Islo (1978). (9) S. Domanski, H. Orlos, A. Skirgiello, Grzby, Polyporaceac II, Mucronoporaceae II, Springfield, Warshaw (1967).
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Polyporus varius (Pers.) Fr., syn.: Polyporus leptocephalus (Jacq.) Fr., Polyporus elegans Blackfoot Polypore, DE: Lwengelber SchwarzfuporlingSlo.: raznolini luknjiarDat.: July 26. 2015Lat.: 46.41417 Long. 13.56060Code: Bot_903/2015_DSC7972 (042257)Habitat: mountain lake shore, in willow thickets, among tall herbs, flat terrain, calcareous alluvial, skeletal ground; in shade, humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 2.800 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen, dead trunk of Salix eleagnos in its initial disintegration stage.Place: Iof di Montasio region, south shore of Raibel Lake (Rabeljsko jezero), south of village Rabelj (Cave del Predil), Jezernica valley (Val Rio del Lago), borderline between East and West Julian Alps, Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, Italy EC.Comments: Assuming this find belongs to Polyporus Fr. (sens.lat.) large measured spores point to the group Polyporus s.str. with only two members in Europe, namely Polyoprus tuberaster and Polyporus squamosus (Ref.1). Since Polyporus tuberster grows on ground from a sclerotium the only candidate from this group remains Polyporus squamoss. However, density of pores (measured 5-6 pores/mm; typical for Polyporus squamosus 1-2/mm) apparently exclude this option. Also, pilei surface do not show even a trace of radially arranged darker squamules so typical for Polyporus squamosus. So, this option seems out. On the other hand macroscopic traits fit well to Polyporud varius. Pilei size, density of pores, pilei color (for young pilei), decurrent pores, black, short, relatively thin stipe and substratum all speak in favor of this determination. However, measured spores are way too big. I have no convincing explanation for this discrepancy. May be that the sporocarps found were too young to sporulate and that the spores measured belong to some other fungi in the vicinity of the find? SP was (if at all) very faint, practically invisible for the naked eye.Growing solitary and in a single group of four pilei fuzzed at the base; pilei diameter up to 6.5 cm; stipe short, thin compared to pilei diameter, almost entirely black; context firm, leathery, almost difficult to cut; when dry very hard; context slowly darkening to light brown when cut; pore surface also darkening to light brown when handled; smell distinct, mushroomy, pleasant; taste distinct, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant after a while; SP almost none.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 13 [13.9 ; 14.4] 15.2 x 4.9 [5.4 ; 5.7] 6.1 microns; Q = 2.3 [2.5 ; 2.6] 2.8; N = 20; C = 95%; Me = 14.1 x 5.5 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 586. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 298. (3) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 510. (4) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 510.(5) A.Bernicchia, S.P.Gorjon, Cortitiaceaes.i., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., EdizioniCandusso (2010), p 473. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1060. (7) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 562.(8) L. Ryvarden, Polyporaceae of North Europe, Vol. I & II, Islo (1978). (9) S. Domanski, H. Orlos, A. Skirgiello, Grzby, Polyporaceac II, Mucronoporaceae II, Springfield, Warshaw (1967).
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Polyporus varius (Pers.) Fr., syn.: Polyporus leptocephalus (Jacq.) Fr., Polyporus elegans Blackfoot Polypore, DE: Lwengelber SchwarzfuporlingSlo.: raznolini luknjiarDat.: July 26. 2015Lat.: 46.41417 Long. 13.56060Code: Bot_903/2015_DSC7972 (042257)Habitat: mountain lake shore, in willow thickets, among tall herbs, flat terrain, calcareous alluvial, skeletal ground; in shade, humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 2.800 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen, dead trunk of Salix eleagnos in its initial disintegration stage.Place: Iof di Montasio region, south shore of Raibel Lake (Rabeljsko jezero), south of village Rabelj (Cave del Predil), Jezernica valley (Val Rio del Lago), borderline between East and West Julian Alps, Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, Italy EC.Comments: Assuming this find belongs to Polyporus Fr. (sens.lat.) large measured spores point to the group Polyporus s.str. with only two members in Europe, namely Polyoprus tuberaster and Polyporus squamosus (Ref.1). Since Polyporus tuberster grows on ground from a sclerotium the only candidate from this group remains Polyporus squamoss. However, density of pores (measured 5-6 pores/mm; typical for Polyporus squamosus 1-2/mm) apparently exclude this option. Also, pilei surface do not show even a trace of radially arranged darker squamules so typical for Polyporus squamosus. So, this option seems out. On the other hand macroscopic traits fit well to Polyporud varius. Pilei size, density of pores, pilei color (for young pilei), decurrent pores, black, short, relatively thin stipe and substratum all speak in favor of this determination. However, measured spores are way too big. I have no convincing explanation for this discrepancy. May be that the sporocarps found were too young to sporulate and that the spores measured belong to some other fungi in the vicinity of the find? SP was (if at all) very faint, practically invisible for the naked eye.Growing solitary and in a single group of four pilei fuzzed at the base; pilei diameter up to 6.5 cm; stipe short, thin compared to pilei diameter, almost entirely black; context firm, leathery, almost difficult to cut; when dry very hard; context slowly darkening to light brown when cut; pore surface also darkening to light brown when handled; smell distinct, mushroomy, pleasant; taste distinct, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant after a while; SP almost none.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 13 [13.9 ; 14.4] 15.2 x 4.9 [5.4 ; 5.7] 6.1 microns; Q = 2.3 [2.5 ; 2.6] 2.8; N = 20; C = 95%; Me = 14.1 x 5.5 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 586. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 298. (3) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 510. (4) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 510.(5) A.Bernicchia, S.P.Gorjon, Cortitiaceaes.i., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., EdizioniCandusso (2010), p 473. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1060. (7) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 562.(8) L. Ryvarden, Polyporaceae of North Europe, Vol. I & II, Islo (1978). (9) S. Domanski, H. Orlos, A. Skirgiello, Grzby, Polyporaceac II, Mucronoporaceae II, Springfield, Warshaw (1967).
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Polyporus varius (Pers.) Fr., syn.: Polyporus leptocephalus (Jacq.) Fr., Polyporus elegans Blackfoot Polypore, DE: Lwengelber SchwarzfuporlingSlo.: raznolini luknjiarDat.: July 26. 2015Lat.: 46.41417 Long. 13.56060Code: Bot_903/2015_DSC7972 (042257)Habitat: mountain lake shore, in willow thickets, among tall herbs, flat terrain, calcareous alluvial, skeletal ground; in shade, humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 2.800 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen, dead trunk of Salix eleagnos in its initial disintegration stage.Place: Iof di Montasio region, south shore of Raibel Lake (Rabeljsko jezero), south of village Rabelj (Cave del Predil), Jezernica valley (Val Rio del Lago), borderline between East and West Julian Alps, Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, Italy EC.Comments: Assuming this find belongs to Polyporus Fr. (sens.lat.) large measured spores point to the group Polyporus s.str. with only two members in Europe, namely Polyoprus tuberaster and Polyporus squamosus (Ref.1). Since Polyporus tuberster grows on ground from a sclerotium the only candidate from this group remains Polyporus squamoss. However, density of pores (measured 5-6 pores/mm; typical for Polyporus squamosus 1-2/mm) apparently exclude this option. Also, pilei surface do not show even a trace of radially arranged darker squamules so typical for Polyporus squamosus. So, this option seems out. On the other hand macroscopic traits fit well to Polyporud varius. Pilei size, density of pores, pilei color (for young pilei), decurrent pores, black, short, relatively thin stipe and substratum all speak in favor of this determination. However, measured spores are way too big. I have no convincing explanation for this discrepancy. May be that the sporocarps found were too young to sporulate and that the spores measured belong to some other fungi in the vicinity of the find? SP was (if at all) very faint, practically invisible for the naked eye.Growing solitary and in a single group of four pilei fuzzed at the base; pilei diameter up to 6.5 cm; stipe short, thin compared to pilei diameter, almost entirely black; context firm, leathery, almost difficult to cut; when dry very hard; context slowly darkening to light brown when cut; pore surface also darkening to light brown when handled; smell distinct, mushroomy, pleasant; taste distinct, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant after a while; SP almost none.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 13 [13.9 ; 14.4] 15.2 x 4.9 [5.4 ; 5.7] 6.1 microns; Q = 2.3 [2.5 ; 2.6] 2.8; N = 20; C = 95%; Me = 14.1 x 5.5 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 586. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 298. (3) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 510. (4) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 510.(5) A.Bernicchia, S.P.Gorjon, Cortitiaceaes.i., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., EdizioniCandusso (2010), p 473. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1060. (7) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 562.(8) L. Ryvarden, Polyporaceae of North Europe, Vol. I & II, Islo (1978). (9) S. Domanski, H. Orlos, A. Skirgiello, Grzby, Polyporaceac II, Mucronoporaceae II, Springfield, Warshaw (1967).
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Polyporus varius (Pers.) Fr., syn.: Polyporus leptocephalus (Jacq.) Fr., Polyporus elegans Blackfoot Polypore, DE: Lwengelber SchwarzfuporlingSlo.: raznolini luknjiarDat.: July 26. 2015Lat.: 46.41417 Long. 13.56060Code: Bot_903/2015_DSC7972 (042257)Habitat: mountain lake shore, in willow thickets, among tall herbs, flat terrain, calcareous alluvial, skeletal ground; in shade, humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 2.800 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen, dead trunk of Salix eleagnos in its initial disintegration stage.Place: Iof di Montasio region, south shore of Raibel Lake (Rabeljsko jezero), south of village Rabelj (Cave del Predil), Jezernica valley (Val Rio del Lago), borderline between East and West Julian Alps, Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, Italy EC.Comments: Assuming this find belongs to Polyporus Fr. (sens.lat.) large measured spores point to the group Polyporus s.str. with only two members in Europe, namely Polyoprus tuberaster and Polyporus squamosus (Ref.1). Since Polyporus tuberster grows on ground from a sclerotium the only candidate from this group remains Polyporus squamoss. However, density of pores (measured 5-6 pores/mm; typical for Polyporus squamosus 1-2/mm) apparently exclude this option. Also, pilei surface do not show even a trace of radially arranged darker squamules so typical for Polyporus squamosus. So, this option seems out. On the other hand macroscopic traits fit well to Polyporud varius. Pilei size, density of pores, pilei color (for young pilei), decurrent pores, black, short, relatively thin stipe and substratum all speak in favor of this determination. However, measured spores are way too big. I have no convincing explanation for this discrepancy. May be that the sporocarps found were too young to sporulate and that the spores measured belong to some other fungi in the vicinity of the find? SP was (if at all) very faint, practically invisible for the naked eye.Growing solitary and in a single group of four pilei fuzzed at the base; pilei diameter up to 6.5 cm; stipe short, thin compared to pilei diameter, almost entirely black; context firm, leathery, almost difficult to cut; when dry very hard; context slowly darkening to light brown when cut; pore surface also darkening to light brown when handled; smell distinct, mushroomy, pleasant; taste distinct, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant after a while; SP almost none.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 13 [13.9 ; 14.4] 15.2 x 4.9 [5.4 ; 5.7] 6.1 microns; Q = 2.3 [2.5 ; 2.6] 2.8; N = 20; C = 95%; Me = 14.1 x 5.5 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 586. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 298. (3) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 510. (4) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 510.(5) A.Bernicchia, S.P.Gorjon, Cortitiaceaes.i., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., EdizioniCandusso (2010), p 473. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1060. (7) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 562.(8) L. Ryvarden, Polyporaceae of North Europe, Vol. I & II, Islo (1978). (9) S. Domanski, H. Orlos, A. Skirgiello, Grzby, Polyporaceac II, Mucronoporaceae II, Springfield, Warshaw (1967).
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El Moncayo. Tarazona: Aragn (Espaa)Divisin: BasidiomycotaSubdivisin: BasidiomycotinaClase: HomobasidiomycetesSubclase: AphyllophoromycetideaeOrden: AphilloforalesFamilia: PolyporaceaeIdentificacin: Biodiversdad Virtual.
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El Moncayo. Tarazona: Aragn (Espaa)Divisin: BasidiomycotaSubdivisin: BasidiomycotinaClase: HomobasidiomycetesSubclase: AphyllophoromycetideaeOrden: AphilloforalesFamilia: PolyporaceaeIdentificacin: Biodiversdad Virtual.
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El Moncayo. Tarazona: Aragn (Espaa) Divisin: BasidiomycotaSubdivisin: BasidiomycotinaClase: HomobasidiomycetesSubclase: AphyllophoromycetideaeOrden: AphilloforalesFamilia: PolyporaceaeIdentificacin: Biodiversdad Virtual.
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Polyporus varius (Pers.) Fr., syn.: Polyporus leptocephalus (Jacq.) Fr., Polyporus elegans Blackfoot Polypore, DE: Lwengelber SchwarzfuporlingSlo.: raznolini luknjiarDat.: July 26. 2015Lat.: 46.41417 Long. 13.56060Code: Bot_903/2015_DSC7972 (042257)Habitat: mountain lake shore, in willow thickets, among tall herbs, flat terrain, calcareous alluvial, skeletal ground; in shade, humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 2.800 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen, dead trunk of Salix eleagnos in its initial disintegration stage.Place: Iof di Montasio region, south shore of Raibel Lake (Rabeljsko jezero), south of village Rabelj (Cave del Predil), Jezernica valley (Val Rio del Lago), borderline between East and West Julian Alps, Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, Italy EC.Comments: Assuming this find belongs to Polyporus Fr. (sens.lat.) large measured spores point to the group Polyporus s.str. with only two members in Europe, namely Polyoprus tuberaster and Polyporus squamosus (Ref.1). Since Polyporus tuberster grows on ground from a sclerotium the only candidate from this group remains Polyporus squamoss. However, density of pores (measured 5-6 pores/mm; typical for Polyporus squamosus 1-2/mm) apparently exclude this option. Also, pilei surface do not show even a trace of radially arranged darker squamules so typical for Polyporus squamosus. So, this option seems out. On the other hand macroscopic traits fit well to Polyporud varius. Pilei size, density of pores, pilei color (for young pilei), decurrent pores, black, short, relatively thin stipe and substratum all speak in favor of this determination. However, measured spores are way too big. I have no convincing explanation for this discrepancy. May be that the sporocarps found were too young to sporulate and that the spores measured belong to some other fungi in the vicinity of the find? SP was (if at all) very faint, practically invisible for the naked eye.Growing solitary and in a single group of four pilei fuzzed at the base; pilei diameter up to 6.5 cm; stipe short, thin compared to pilei diameter, almost entirely black; context firm, leathery, almost difficult to cut; when dry very hard; context slowly darkening to light brown when cut; pore surface also darkening to light brown when handled; smell distinct, mushroomy, pleasant; taste distinct, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant after a while; SP almost none.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 13 [13.9 ; 14.4] 15.2 x 4.9 [5.4 ; 5.7] 6.1 microns; Q = 2.3 [2.5 ; 2.6] 2.8; N = 20; C = 95%; Me = 14.1 x 5.5 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 586. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 298. (3) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 510. (4) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 510.(5) A.Bernicchia, S.P.Gorjon, Cortitiaceaes.i., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., EdizioniCandusso (2010), p 473. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1060. (7) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 562.(8) L. Ryvarden, Polyporaceae of North Europe, Vol. I & II, Islo (1978). (9) S. Domanski, H. Orlos, A. Skirgiello, Grzby, Polyporaceac II, Mucronoporaceae II, Springfield, Warshaw (1967).
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Polyporus varius (Pers.) Fr., syn.: Polyporus leptocephalus (Jacq.) Fr., Polyporus elegans Blackfoot Polypore, DE: Lwengelber SchwarzfuporlingSlo.: raznolini luknjiarDat.: July 26. 2015Lat.: 46.41417 Long. 13.56060Code: Bot_903/2015_DSC7972 (042257)Habitat: mountain lake shore, in willow thickets, among tall herbs, flat terrain, calcareous alluvial, skeletal ground; in shade, humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 2.800 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen, dead trunk of Salix eleagnos in its initial disintegration stage.Place: Iof di Montasio region, south shore of Raibel Lake (Rabeljsko jezero), south of village Rabelj (Cave del Predil), Jezernica valley (Val Rio del Lago), borderline between East and West Julian Alps, Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, Italy EC.Comments: Assuming this find belongs to Polyporus Fr. (sens.lat.) large measured spores point to the group Polyporus s.str. with only two members in Europe, namely Polyoprus tuberaster and Polyporus squamosus (Ref.1). Since Polyporus tuberster grows on ground from a sclerotium the only candidate from this group remains Polyporus squamoss. However, density of pores (measured 5-6 pores/mm; typical for Polyporus squamosus 1-2/mm) apparently exclude this option. Also, pilei surface do not show even a trace of radially arranged darker squamules so typical for Polyporus squamosus. So, this option seems out. On the other hand macroscopic traits fit well to Polyporud varius. Pilei size, density of pores, pilei color (for young pilei), decurrent pores, black, short, relatively thin stipe and substratum all speak in favor of this determination. However, measured spores are way too big. I have no convincing explanation for this discrepancy. May be that the sporocarps found were too young to sporulate and that the spores measured belong to some other fungi in the vicinity of the find? SP was (if at all) very faint, practically invisible for the naked eye.Growing solitary and in a single group of four pilei fuzzed at the base; pilei diameter up to 6.5 cm; stipe short, thin compared to pilei diameter, almost entirely black; context firm, leathery, almost difficult to cut; when dry very hard; context slowly darkening to light brown when cut; pore surface also darkening to light brown when handled; smell distinct, mushroomy, pleasant; taste distinct, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant after a while; SP almost none.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 13 [13.9 ; 14.4] 15.2 x 4.9 [5.4 ; 5.7] 6.1 microns; Q = 2.3 [2.5 ; 2.6] 2.8; N = 20; C = 95%; Me = 14.1 x 5.5 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 586. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 298. (3) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 510. (4) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 510.(5) A.Bernicchia, S.P.Gorjon, Cortitiaceaes.i., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., EdizioniCandusso (2010), p 473. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1060. (7) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 562.(8) L. Ryvarden, Polyporaceae of North Europe, Vol. I & II, Islo (1978). (9) S. Domanski, H. Orlos, A. Skirgiello, Grzby, Polyporaceac II, Mucronoporaceae II, Springfield, Warshaw (1967).
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Polyporus varius (Pers.) Fr., syn.: Polyporus leptocephalus (Jacq.) Fr., Polyporus elegans Blackfoot Polypore, DE: Lwengelber SchwarzfuporlingSlo.: raznolini luknjiarDat.: July 26. 2015Lat.: 46.41417 Long. 13.56060Code: Bot_903/2015_DSC7972 (042257)Habitat: mountain lake shore, in willow thickets, among tall herbs, flat terrain, calcareous alluvial, skeletal ground; in shade, humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 2.800 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen, dead trunk of Salix eleagnos in its initial disintegration stage.Place: Iof di Montasio region, south shore of Raibel Lake (Rabeljsko jezero), south of village Rabelj (Cave del Predil), Jezernica valley (Val Rio del Lago), borderline between East and West Julian Alps, Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, Italy EC.Comments: Assuming this find belongs to Polyporus Fr. (sens.lat.) large measured spores point to the group Polyporus s.str. with only two members in Europe, namely Polyoprus tuberaster and Polyporus squamosus (Ref.1). Since Polyporus tuberster grows on ground from a sclerotium the only candidate from this group remains Polyporus squamoss. However, density of pores (measured 5-6 pores/mm; typical for Polyporus squamosus 1-2/mm) apparently exclude this option. Also, pilei surface do not show even a trace of radially arranged darker squamules so typical for Polyporus squamosus. So, this option seems out. On the other hand macroscopic traits fit well to Polyporud varius. Pilei size, density of pores, pilei color (for young pilei), decurrent pores, black, short, relatively thin stipe and substratum all speak in favor of this determination. However, measured spores are way too big. I have no convincing explanation for this discrepancy. May be that the sporocarps found were too young to sporulate and that the spores measured belong to some other fungi in the vicinity of the find? SP was (if at all) very faint, practically invisible for the naked eye.Growing solitary and in a single group of four pilei fuzzed at the base; pilei diameter up to 6.5 cm; stipe short, thin compared to pilei diameter, almost entirely black; context firm, leathery, almost difficult to cut; when dry very hard; context slowly darkening to light brown when cut; pore surface also darkening to light brown when handled; smell distinct, mushroomy, pleasant; taste distinct, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant after a while; SP almost none.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 13 [13.9 ; 14.4] 15.2 x 4.9 [5.4 ; 5.7] 6.1 microns; Q = 2.3 [2.5 ; 2.6] 2.8; N = 20; C = 95%; Me = 14.1 x 5.5 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 586. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 298. (3) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 510. (4) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 510.(5) A.Bernicchia, S.P.Gorjon, Cortitiaceaes.i., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., EdizioniCandusso (2010), p 473. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1060. (7) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 562.(8) L. Ryvarden, Polyporaceae of North Europe, Vol. I & II, Islo (1978). (9) S. Domanski, H. Orlos, A. Skirgiello, Grzby, Polyporaceac II, Mucronoporaceae II, Springfield, Warshaw (1967).
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Polyporus varius (Pers.) Fr., syn.: Polyporus leptocephalus (Jacq.) Fr., Polyporus elegans Blackfoot Polypore, DE: Lwengelber SchwarzfuporlingSlo.: raznolini luknjiarDat.: July 26. 2015Lat.: 46.41417 Long. 13.56060Code: Bot_903/2015_DSC7972 (042257)Habitat: mountain lake shore, in willow thickets, among tall herbs, flat terrain, calcareous alluvial, skeletal ground; in shade, humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 2.800 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen, dead trunk of Salix eleagnos in its initial disintegration stage.Place: Iof di Montasio region, south shore of Raibel Lake (Rabeljsko jezero), south of village Rabelj (Cave del Predil), Jezernica valley (Val Rio del Lago), borderline between East and West Julian Alps, Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, Italy EC.Comments: Assuming this find belongs to Polyporus Fr. (sens.lat.) large measured spores point to the group Polyporus s.str. with only two members in Europe, namely Polyoprus tuberaster and Polyporus squamosus (Ref.1). Since Polyporus tuberster grows on ground from a sclerotium the only candidate from this group remains Polyporus squamoss. However, density of pores (measured 5-6 pores/mm; typical for Polyporus squamosus 1-2/mm) apparently exclude this option. Also, pilei surface do not show even a trace of radially arranged darker squamules so typical for Polyporus squamosus. So, this option seems out. On the other hand macroscopic traits fit well to Polyporud varius. Pilei size, density of pores, pilei color (for young pilei), decurrent pores, black, short, relatively thin stipe and substratum all speak in favor of this determination. However, measured spores are way too big. I have no convincing explanation for this discrepancy. May be that the sporocarps found were too young to sporulate and that the spores measured belong to some other fungi in the vicinity of the find? SP was (if at all) very faint, practically invisible for the naked eye.Growing solitary and in a single group of four pilei fuzzed at the base; pilei diameter up to 6.5 cm; stipe short, thin compared to pilei diameter, almost entirely black; context firm, leathery, almost difficult to cut; when dry very hard; context slowly darkening to light brown when cut; pore surface also darkening to light brown when handled; smell distinct, mushroomy, pleasant; taste distinct, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant after a while; SP almost none.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 13 [13.9 ; 14.4] 15.2 x 4.9 [5.4 ; 5.7] 6.1 microns; Q = 2.3 [2.5 ; 2.6] 2.8; N = 20; C = 95%; Me = 14.1 x 5.5 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 586. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 298. (3) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 510. (4) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 510.(5) A.Bernicchia, S.P.Gorjon, Cortitiaceaes.i., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., EdizioniCandusso (2010), p 473. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1060. (7) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 562.(8) L. Ryvarden, Polyporaceae of North Europe, Vol. I & II, Islo (1978). (9) S. Domanski, H. Orlos, A. Skirgiello, Grzby, Polyporaceac II, Mucronoporaceae II, Springfield, Warshaw (1967).
