Russulales

Slo.: bukova mlenica - syn.: Lactarius viridis (Schrader) Quel. - Habitat: Mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica dominant, Picea abies scattered; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, shallow ground; relatively warm and dry place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6 - 9 deg C, elevation 665 m (2.180 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: forest soil, Fagus sylvatica leaf litter. Comments: Lactarius blennius is not showy mushroom. It is of pale, grayish, greenish, brownish colors, which are in addition quite variable. The species is common and keeps with Fagus sylvatica (in mycorrhizal relation) in almost the whole region there this tree thrives. Experts are able to resolve two varieties of this species: Lactarius blennius var. blennius and Lactarius blennius var. fluens. I was unable to assign this find to one of them. Following the key of Section 6 of Lactarius (Ref.: 2, p383) this should be Lactarius blennius var. blennius based on piled dimension (3 - 7 cm for var. blennius contrary to 5 - 12 cm for var. fluens) or Lactarius blennius var. fluens based on strong production of milk (even in quite dry state!). Also variable hut color speaks for this variety. On the other hand, the absence of lighter, almost whitish hut edge speaks in favor of the first option. The only reliable microscopic trait (Ref.:8) - thickness of ixocutis - could not be used because of quite dry fruitbodies. Also, if one reads the description of both varieties in Ref. 9 the text is almost identical and the associated drawings definitely are such. Description of the find: six or seven pilei present in an area of about 4 x 3 m; pilei diameter 4.5 - 7 cm, surface almost dry, only slightly sticky (found after a long period of dry weather) but leaf debris firmly stuck to the hut surface speaking in favor of presence of a distinctive ixocutis; trama and gills of about the same thickness; milk instant, abundant, white, after a longer time, when almost dry, it becomes greenish-gray; gills bruise slowly and mildly darken to brownish, otherwise the fruitbodies do not discolor when handled; stipe 3.5 - 4.6 cm long, 9 to 12 mm in diameter; only minutely sticky; smell mild, pleasant, on fruits(?); taste first mild then distinctly burning but not very strongly; milk has the same taste; SP abundant, light beige with slight yellow tint, oac851. Spores with coarse ridges. Dimensions: (6,5) 7,1 - 8,2 (8,5) x (5,9) 6 - 6,8 (7,1) microns; Q = (1) 1,1 - 1,2 (1,4); N = 35; Me = 7,6 x 6,5 microns; Qe = 1,2; Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water, spore ornamentation in Melzer, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.6. Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 50. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 387. (3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 86. (4) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 424. (5) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 196. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 958. (7) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 56. (8) J. Heilmann-Clausen, A. Verbeken, J. Vesterholt, The genus Lactarius, Fungi of Northern Europe Vol.2. (1998), p 287 S. (9) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 288.

Slo.: bukova mlenica - syn.: Lactarius viridis (Schrader) Quel. - Habitat: Mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica dominant, Picea abies scattered; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, shallow ground; relatively warm and dry place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6 - 9 deg C, elevation 665 m (2.180 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: forest soil, Fagus sylvatica leaf litter. Comments: Lactarius blennius is not showy mushroom. It is of pale, grayish, greenish, brownish colors, which are in addition quite variable. The species is common and keeps with Fagus sylvatica (in mycorrhizal relation) in almost the whole region there this tree thrives. Experts are able to resolve two varieties of this species: Lactarius blennius var. blennius and Lactarius blennius var. fluens. I was unable to assign this find to one of them. Following the key of Section 6 of Lactarius (Ref.: 2, p383) this should be Lactarius blennius var. blennius based on piled dimension (3 - 7 cm for var. blennius contrary to 5 - 12 cm for var. fluens) or Lactarius blennius var. fluens based on strong production of milk (even in quite dry state!). Also variable hut color speaks for this variety. On the other hand, the absence of lighter, almost whitish hut edge speaks in favor of the first option. The only reliable microscopic trait (Ref.:8) - thickness of ixocutis - could not be used because of quite dry fruitbodies. Also, if one reads the description of both varieties in Ref. 9 the text is almost identical and the associated drawings definitely are such. Description of the find: six or seven pilei present in an area of about 4 x 3 m; pilei diameter 4.5 - 7 cm, surface almost dry, only slightly sticky (found after a long period of dry weather) but leaf debris firmly stuck to the hut surface speaking in favor of presence of a distinctive ixocutis; trama and gills of about the same thickness; milk instant, abundant, white, after a longer time, when almost dry, it becomes greenish-gray; gills bruise slowly and mildly darken to brownish, otherwise the fruitbodies do not discolor when handled; stipe 3.5 - 4.6 cm long, 9 to 12 mm in diameter; only minutely sticky; smell mild, pleasant, on fruits(?); taste first mild then distinctly burning but not very strongly; milk has the same taste; SP abundant, light beige with slight yellow tint, oac851. Spores with coarse ridges. Dimensions: (6,5) 7,1 - 8,2 (8,5) x (5,9) 6 - 6,8 (7,1) microns; Q = (1) 1,1 - 1,2 (1,4); N = 35; Me = 7,6 x 6,5 microns; Qe = 1,2; Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water, spore ornamentation in Melzer, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.6. Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 50. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 387. (3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 86. (4) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 424. (5) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 196. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 958. (7) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 56. (8) J. Heilmann-Clausen, A. Verbeken, J. Vesterholt, The genus Lactarius, Fungi of Northern Europe Vol.2. (1998), p 287 S. (9) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 288.

Slo.: ametasta slojevka - Habitat: South inclined mountain slope, mostly broadleaf forest, calcareous ground, quite humid but warm place, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 505 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead trunk of a cut off broadleaf tree, lying on ground, quite rotten but still mostly in bark. On the same log also Fomitopsis pinicola. - Comments: According to Ref.:(2) S. subtomentostum has no acanthohyphydia in the hymenium while similar S. ostrea has them (Ref.:(2), p335 and key on p.356). I was unable to find them in spite of the fact that they should be quite large (>100 x 5-10 micr. Ref.:(1)). There was no bleeding observed probably because of fairly dry state of the fruitbodies and weather. Average day temperatures about 0 deg C with -5 degC during the night. - Pileus dimensions up to 9 x 5 cm (3.5 x 2 inch), 1 mm or less thick. Smell indistinctive. Cup upper surface rusty-red-brown (oac700), hymenium dull brown-red (oac700), trama of wood color, with thin (~ 0,1 mm) brown upper layer and about 0.4 mm thick hymenial layer. - Spore dimensions: 6.6 (SD = 0.6) x 2.6 (SD = 0.2) micr., Q = 2.58 (SD = 0.2), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Congo red. - Ref.: (1) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p339. (2) http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=339694 . (3) Personal communication with Mr. Anton Poler. (4) http://www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=S&l=l&nom=Stereum subtomentosum / Stre tomenteux&tag=Stereum subtomentosum&gro=7 . (5) http://users.skynet.be/deneyer.mycology/ . (6) http://www.svims.ca/council/Stereu.htm#nSpe .

Slo.: ametasta slojevka - Habitat: South inclined mountain slope, mostly broadleaf forest, calcareous ground, quite humid but warm place, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 505 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead trunk of a cut off broadleaf tree, lying on ground, quite rotten but still mostly in bark. On the same log also Fomitopsis pinicola. - Comments: According to Ref.:(2) S. subtomentostum has no acanthohyphydia in the hymenium while similar S. ostrea has them (Ref.:(2), p335 and key on p.356). I was unable to find them in spite of the fact that they should be quite large (>100 x 5-10 micr. Ref.:(1)). There was no bleeding observed probably because of fairly dry state of the fruitbodies and weather. Average day temperatures about 0 deg C with -5 degC during the night. - Pileus dimensions up to 9 x 5 cm (3.5 x 2 inch), 1 mm or less thick. Smell indistinctive. Cup upper surface rusty-red-brown (oac700), hymenium dull brown-red (oac700), trama of wood color, with thin (~ 0,1 mm) brown upper layer and about 0.4 mm thick hymenial layer. - Spore dimensions: 6.6 (SD = 0.6) x 2.6 (SD = 0.2) micr., Q = 2.58 (SD = 0.2), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Congo red. - Ref.: (1) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p339. (2) http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=339694 . (3) Personal communication with Mr. Anton Poler. (4) http://www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=S&l=l&nom=Stereum subtomentosum / Stre tomenteux&tag=Stereum subtomentosum&gro=7 . (5) http://users.skynet.be/deneyer.mycology/ . (6) http://www.svims.ca/council/Stereu.htm#nSpe .

Slo.: ametasta slojevka - Habitat: South inclined mountain slope, mostly broadleaf forest, calcareous ground, quite humid but warm place, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 505 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead trunk of a cut off broadleaf tree, lying on ground, quite rotten but still mostly in bark. On the same log also Fomitopsis pinicola. - Comments: According to Ref.:(2) S. subtomentostum has no acanthohyphydia in the hymenium while similar S. ostrea has them (Ref.:(2), p335 and key on p.356). I was unable to find them in spite of the fact that they should be quite large (>100 x 5-10 micr. Ref.:(1)). There was no bleeding observed probably because of fairly dry state of the fruitbodies and weather. Average day temperatures about 0 deg C with -5 degC during the night. - Pileus dimensions up to 9 x 5 cm (3.5 x 2 inch), 1 mm or less thick. Smell indistinctive. Cup upper surface rusty-red-brown (oac700), hymenium dull brown-red (oac700), trama of wood color, with thin (~ 0,1 mm) brown upper layer and about 0.4 mm thick hymenial layer. - Spore dimensions: 6.6 (SD = 0.6) x 2.6 (SD = 0.2) micr., Q = 2.58 (SD = 0.2), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Congo red. - Ref.: (1) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p339. (2) http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=339694 . (3) Personal communication with Mr. Anton Poler. (4) http://www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=S&l=l&nom=Stereum subtomentosum / Stre tomenteux&tag=Stereum subtomentosum&gro=7 . (5) http://users.skynet.be/deneyer.mycology/ . (6) http://www.svims.ca/council/Stereu.htm#nSpe .

Slo.: ametasta slojevka - Habitat: South inclined mountain slope, mostly broadleaf forest, calcareous ground, quite humid but warm place, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 505 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead trunk of a cut off broadleaf tree, lying on ground, quite rotten but still mostly in bark. On the same log also Fomitopsis pinicola. - Comments: According to Ref.:(2) S. subtomentostum has no acanthohyphydia in the hymenium while similar S. ostrea has them (Ref.:(2), p335 and key on p.356). I was unable to find them in spite of the fact that they should be quite large (>100 x 5-10 micr. Ref.:(1)). There was no bleeding observed probably because of fairly dry state of the fruitbodies and weather. Average day temperatures about 0 deg C with -5 degC during the night. - Pileus dimensions up to 9 x 5 cm (3.5 x 2 inch), 1 mm or less thick. Smell indistinctive. Cup upper surface rusty-red-brown (oac700), hymenium dull brown-red (oac700), trama of wood color, with thin (~ 0,1 mm) brown upper layer and about 0.4 mm thick hymenial layer. - Spore dimensions: 6.6 (SD = 0.6) x 2.6 (SD = 0.2) micr., Q = 2.58 (SD = 0.2), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Congo red. - Ref.: (1) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p339. (2) http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=339694 . (3) Personal communication with Mr. Anton Poler. (4) http://www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=S&l=l&nom=Stereum subtomentosum / Stre tomenteux&tag=Stereum subtomentosum&gro=7 . (5) http://users.skynet.be/deneyer.mycology/ . (6) http://www.svims.ca/council/Stereu.htm#nSpe .

Slo.: ametasta slojevka - Habitat: South inclined mountain slope, mostly broadleaf forest, calcareous ground, quite humid but warm place, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 505 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead trunk of a cut off broadleaf tree, lying on ground, quite rotten but still mostly in bark. On the same log also Fomitopsis pinicola. - Comments: According to Ref.:(2) S. subtomentostum has no acanthohyphydia in the hymenium while similar S. ostrea has them (Ref.:(2), p335 and key on p.356). I was unable to find them in spite of the fact that they should be quite large (>100 x 5-10 micr. Ref.:(1)). There was no bleeding observed probably because of fairly dry state of the fruitbodies and weather. Average day temperatures about 0 deg C with -5 degC during the night. - Pileus dimensions up to 9 x 5 cm (3.5 x 2 inch), 1 mm or less thick. Smell indistinctive. Cup upper surface rusty-red-brown (oac700), hymenium dull brown-red (oac700), trama of wood color, with thin (~ 0,1 mm) brown upper layer and about 0.4 mm thick hymenial layer. - Spore dimensions: 6.6 (SD = 0.6) x 2.6 (SD = 0.2) micr., Q = 2.58 (SD = 0.2), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Congo red. - Ref.: (1) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p339. (2) http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=339694 . (3) Personal communication with Mr. Anton Poler. (4) http://www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=S&l=l&nom=Stereum subtomentosum / Stre tomenteux&tag=Stereum subtomentosum&gro=7 . (5) http://users.skynet.be/deneyer.mycology/ . (6) http://www.svims.ca/council/Stereu.htm#nSpe .

Slo.: ametasta slojevka - Habitat: South inclined mountain slope, mostly broadleaf forest, calcareous ground, quite humid but warm place, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 505 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead trunk of a cut off broadleaf tree, lying on ground, quite rotten but still mostly in bark. On the same log also Fomitopsis pinicola. - Comments: According to Ref.:(2) S. subtomentostum has no acanthohyphydia in the hymenium while similar S. ostrea has them (Ref.:(2), p335 and key on p.356). I was unable to find them in spite of the fact that they should be quite large (>100 x 5-10 micr. Ref.:(1)). There was no bleeding observed probably because of fairly dry state of the fruitbodies and weather. Average day temperatures about 0 deg C with -5 degC during the night. - Pileus dimensions up to 9 x 5 cm (3.5 x 2 inch), 1 mm or less thick. Smell indistinctive. Cup upper surface rusty-red-brown (oac700), hymenium dull brown-red (oac700), trama of wood color, with thin (~ 0,1 mm) brown upper layer and about 0.4 mm thick hymenial layer. - Spore dimensions: 6.6 (SD = 0.6) x 2.6 (SD = 0.2) micr., Q = 2.58 (SD = 0.2), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Congo red. - Ref.: (1) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p339. (2) http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=339694 . (3) Personal communication with Mr. Anton Poler. (4) http://www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=S&l=l&nom=Stereum subtomentosum / Stre tomenteux&tag=Stereum subtomentosum&gro=7 . (5) http://users.skynet.be/deneyer.mycology/ . (6) http://www.svims.ca/council/Stereu.htm#nSpe .

Slo.: ametasta slojevka - Habitat: South inclined mountain slope, mostly broadleaf forest, calcareous ground, quite humid but warm place, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 505 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead trunk of a cut off broadleaf tree, lying on ground, quite rotten but still mostly in bark. On the same log also Fomitopsis pinicola. - Comments: According to Ref.:(2) S. subtomentostum has no acanthohyphydia in the hymenium while similar S. ostrea has them (Ref.:(2), p335 and key on p.356). I was unable to find them in spite of the fact that they should be quite large (>100 x 5-10 micr. Ref.:(1)). There was no bleeding observed probably because of fairly dry state of the fruitbodies and weather. Average day temperatures about 0 deg C with -5 degC during the night. - Pileus dimensions up to 9 x 5 cm (3.5 x 2 inch), 1 mm or less thick. Smell indistinctive. Cup upper surface rusty-red-brown (oac700), hymenium dull brown-red (oac700), trama of wood color, with thin (~ 0,1 mm) brown upper layer and about 0.4 mm thick hymenial layer. - Spore dimensions: 6.6 (SD = 0.6) x 2.6 (SD = 0.2) micr., Q = 2.58 (SD = 0.2), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Congo red. - Ref.: (1) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p339. (2) http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=339694 . (3) Personal communication with Mr. Anton Poler. (4) http://www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=S&l=l&nom=Stereum subtomentosum / Stre tomenteux&tag=Stereum subtomentosum&gro=7 . (5) http://users.skynet.be/deneyer.mycology/ . (6) http://www.svims.ca/council/Stereu.htm#nSpe .

Slo.: ametasta slojevka - Habitat: South inclined mountain slope, mostly broadleaf forest, calcareous ground, quite humid but warm place, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 505 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead trunk of a cut off broadleaf tree, lying on ground, quite rotten but still mostly in bark. On the same log also Fomitopsis pinicola. - Comments: According to Ref.:(2) S. subtomentostum has no acanthohyphydia in the hymenium while similar S. ostrea has them (Ref.:(2), p335 and key on p.356). I was unable to find them in spite of the fact that they should be quite large (>100 x 5-10 micr. Ref.:(1)). There was no bleeding observed probably because of fairly dry state of the fruitbodies and weather. Average day temperatures about 0 deg C with -5 degC during the night. - Pileus dimensions up to 9 x 5 cm (3.5 x 2 inch), 1 mm or less thick. Smell indistinctive. Cup upper surface rusty-red-brown (oac700), hymenium dull brown-red (oac700), trama of wood color, with thin (~ 0,1 mm) brown upper layer and about 0.4 mm thick hymenial layer. - Spore dimensions: 6.6 (SD = 0.6) x 2.6 (SD = 0.2) micr., Q = 2.58 (SD = 0.2), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Congo red. - Ref.: (1) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p339. (2) http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=339694 . (3) Personal communication with Mr. Anton Poler. (4) http://www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=S&l=l&nom=Stereum subtomentosum / Stre tomenteux&tag=Stereum subtomentosum&gro=7 . (5) http://users.skynet.be/deneyer.mycology/ . (6) http://www.svims.ca/council/Stereu.htm#nSpe .

Slo.: ametasta slojevka - Habitat: South inclined mountain slope, mostly broadleaf forest, calcareous ground, quite humid but warm place, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 505 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead trunk of a cut off broadleaf tree, lying on ground, quite rotten but still mostly in bark. On the same log also Fomitopsis pinicola. - Comments: According to Ref.:(2) S. subtomentostum has no acanthohyphydia in the hymenium while similar S. ostrea has them (Ref.:(2), p335 and key on p.356). I was unable to find them in spite of the fact that they should be quite large (>100 x 5-10 micr. Ref.:(1)). There was no bleeding observed probably because of fairly dry state of the fruitbodies and weather. Average day temperatures about 0 deg C with -5 degC during the night. - Pileus dimensions up to 9 x 5 cm (3.5 x 2 inch), 1 mm or less thick. Smell indistinctive. Cup upper surface rusty-red-brown (oac700), hymenium dull brown-red (oac700), trama of wood color, with thin (~ 0,1 mm) brown upper layer and about 0.4 mm thick hymenial layer. - Spore dimensions: 6.6 (SD = 0.6) x 2.6 (SD = 0.2) micr., Q = 2.58 (SD = 0.2), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Congo red. - Ref.: (1) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p339. (2) http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=339694 . (3) Personal communication with Mr. Anton Poler. (4) http://www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=S&l=l&nom=Stereum subtomentosum / Stre tomenteux&tag=Stereum subtomentosum&gro=7 . (5) http://users.skynet.be/deneyer.mycology/ . (6) http://www.svims.ca/council/Stereu.htm#nSpe .

Slo.: ametasta slojevka - Habitat: South inclined mountain slope, mostly broadleaf forest, calcareous ground, quite humid but warm place, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 505 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead trunk of a cut off broadleaf tree, lying on ground, quite rotten but still mostly in bark. On the same log also Fomitopsis pinicola. - Comments: According to Ref.:(2) S. subtomentostum has no acanthohyphydia in the hymenium while similar S. ostrea has them (Ref.:(2), p335 and key on p.356). I was unable to find them in spite of the fact that they should be quite large (>100 x 5-10 micr. Ref.:(1)). There was no bleeding observed probably because of fairly dry state of the fruitbodies and weather. Average day temperatures about 0 deg C with -5 degC during the night. - Pileus dimensions up to 9 x 5 cm (3.5 x 2 inch), 1 mm or less thick. Smell indistinctive. Cup upper surface rusty-red-brown (oac700), hymenium dull brown-red (oac700), trama of wood color, with thin (~ 0,1 mm) brown upper layer and about 0.4 mm thick hymenial layer. - Spore dimensions: 6.6 (SD = 0.6) x 2.6 (SD = 0.2) micr., Q = 2.58 (SD = 0.2), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Congo red. - Ref.: (1) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p339. (2) http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=339694 . (3) Personal communication with Mr. Anton Poler. (4) http://www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=S&l=l&nom=Stereum subtomentosum / Stre tomenteux&tag=Stereum subtomentosum&gro=7 . (5) http://users.skynet.be/deneyer.mycology/ . (6) http://www.svims.ca/council/Stereu.htm#nSpe .

Slo.: kafrna mlenica - syn.: Lactarius cimicarius Bartsch - Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees, moderately inclined calcareous ground, eventually locally somewhat acid; NW oriented mountain slope, humid and shady place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 950 m (3.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: moss covered forest soil among (decayed) roots of a Picea abies stump in its latest stage of disintegration (decomposed almost to soil). - Comments: Dull, matt, like velvety, ocher-red-brown color of pilei and fairly 'unicolor' appearing fruit bodies are typical for this quite common milkcap. However, several very similar species like Lactarius quietus, Lactarius rufus, Lactarius badiosanguineus and Lactarius serifluus exist growing almost in the same habitat. Yet, determination of Lactarius camphoratus seems still quite easy. Decisive is its smell on 'kitchen spices'. It is already noticeable whit fresh fruit bodies but becomes obtrusively strong when they are dried. In the literature the smell is described like on curry, on 'Maggi', on chicory, on camphor, etc.. Anyway, the smell is strong, specific and hard to forget. - Growing in several groups of up to four pilei together, more than 15 pilei all together present; pilei diameter 4 - 5 cm; stipe 3 - 4 cm tall and about 8 - 9 mm in diameter; taste mild but distinctive, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant; smell first mild, later stronger and particularly strong when dry, on spices; flesh quite brittle; SP abundant, beige, oac857; pilei not bruising; milk quite abundant, whitish, actually consisting of watery fluid with white milky, like coagulated, inclusions; milk not changing color and remaining white even when dry and of mild taste, not burning or being distinctly bitter. - Spores coarsely warty with some ridges. Dimensions: 6.9 [7.6 ; 7.9] 8.6 x 6 [6.7 ; 7] 7.7 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.12 ; 1.15] 1.2; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 7.7 x 6.8 microns; Qe = 1.1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water; live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 407. (2) R. M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 984. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.6. Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 52. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 98. (5) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 191.

Slo.: kafrna mlenica - syn.: Lactarius cimicarius Bartsch - Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees, moderately inclined calcareous ground, eventually locally somewhat acid; NW oriented mountain slope, humid and shady place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 950 m (3.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: moss covered forest soil among (decayed) roots of a Picea abies stump in its latest stage of disintegration (decomposed almost to soil). - Comments: Dull, matt, like velvety, ocher-red-brown color of pilei and fairly 'unicolor' appearing fruit bodies are typical for this quite common milkcap. However, several very similar species like Lactarius quietus, Lactarius rufus, Lactarius badiosanguineus and Lactarius serifluus exist growing almost in the same habitat. Yet, determination of Lactarius camphoratus seems still quite easy. Decisive is its smell on 'kitchen spices'. It is already noticeable whit fresh fruit bodies but becomes obtrusively strong when they are dried. In the literature the smell is described like on curry, on 'Maggi', on chicory, on camphor, etc.. Anyway, the smell is strong, specific and hard to forget. - Growing in several groups of up to four pilei together, more than 15 pilei all together present; pilei diameter 4 - 5 cm; stipe 3 - 4 cm tall and about 8 - 9 mm in diameter; taste mild but distinctive, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant; smell first mild, later stronger and particularly strong when dry, on spices; flesh quite brittle; SP abundant, beige, oac857; pilei not bruising; milk quite abundant, whitish, actually consisting of watery fluid with white milky, like coagulated, inclusions; milk not changing color and remaining white even when dry and of mild taste, not burning or being distinctly bitter. - Spores coarsely warty with some ridges. Dimensions: 6.9 [7.6 ; 7.9] 8.6 x 6 [6.7 ; 7] 7.7 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.12 ; 1.15] 1.2; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 7.7 x 6.8 microns; Qe = 1.1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water; live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 407. (2) R. M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 984. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.6. Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 52. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 98. (5) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 191.

Slo.: kafrna mlenica - syn.: Lactarius cimicarius Bartsch - Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees, moderately inclined calcareous ground, eventually locally somewhat acid; NW oriented mountain slope, humid and shady place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 950 m (3.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: moss covered forest soil among (decayed) roots of a Picea abies stump in its latest stage of disintegration (decomposed almost to soil). - Comments: Dull, matt, like velvety, ocher-red-brown color of pilei and fairly 'unicolor' appearing fruit bodies are typical for this quite common milkcap. However, several very similar species like Lactarius quietus, Lactarius rufus, Lactarius badiosanguineus and Lactarius serifluus exist growing almost in the same habitat. Yet, determination of Lactarius camphoratus seems still quite easy. Decisive is its smell on 'kitchen spices'. It is already noticeable whit fresh fruit bodies but becomes obtrusively strong when they are dried. In the literature the smell is described like on curry, on 'Maggi', on chicory, on camphor, etc.. Anyway, the smell is strong, specific and hard to forget. - Growing in several groups of up to four pilei together, more than 15 pilei all together present; pilei diameter 4 - 5 cm; stipe 3 - 4 cm tall and about 8 - 9 mm in diameter; taste mild but distinctive, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant; smell first mild, later stronger and particularly strong when dry, on spices; flesh quite brittle; SP abundant, beige, oac857; pilei not bruising; milk quite abundant, whitish, actually consisting of watery fluid with white milky, like coagulated, inclusions; milk not changing color and remaining white even when dry and of mild taste, not burning or being distinctly bitter. - Spores coarsely warty with some ridges. Dimensions: 6.9 [7.6 ; 7.9] 8.6 x 6 [6.7 ; 7] 7.7 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.12 ; 1.15] 1.2; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 7.7 x 6.8 microns; Qe = 1.1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water; live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 407. (2) R. M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 984. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.6. Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 52. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 98. (5) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 191.

Slo.: kafrna mlenica - syn.: Lactarius cimicarius Bartsch - Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees, moderately inclined calcareous ground, eventually locally somewhat acid; NW oriented mountain slope, humid and shady place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 950 m (3.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: moss covered forest soil among (decayed) roots of a Picea abies stump in its latest stage of disintegration (decomposed almost to soil). - Comments: Dull, matt, like velvety, ocher-red-brown color of pilei and fairly 'unicolor' appearing fruit bodies are typical for this quite common milkcap. However, several very similar species like Lactarius quietus, Lactarius rufus, Lactarius badiosanguineus and Lactarius serifluus exist growing almost in the same habitat. Yet, determination of Lactarius camphoratus seems still quite easy. Decisive is its smell on 'kitchen spices'. It is already noticeable whit fresh fruit bodies but becomes obtrusively strong when they are dried. In the literature the smell is described like on curry, on 'Maggi', on chicory, on camphor, etc.. Anyway, the smell is strong, specific and hard to forget. - Growing in several groups of up to four pilei together, more than 15 pilei all together present; pilei diameter 4 - 5 cm; stipe 3 - 4 cm tall and about 8 - 9 mm in diameter; taste mild but distinctive, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant; smell first mild, later stronger and particularly strong when dry, on spices; flesh quite brittle; SP abundant, beige, oac857; pilei not bruising; milk quite abundant, whitish, actually consisting of watery fluid with white milky, like coagulated, inclusions; milk not changing color and remaining white even when dry and of mild taste, not burning or being distinctly bitter. - Spores coarsely warty with some ridges. Dimensions: 6.9 [7.6 ; 7.9] 8.6 x 6 [6.7 ; 7] 7.7 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.12 ; 1.15] 1.2; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 7.7 x 6.8 microns; Qe = 1.1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water; live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 407. (2) R. M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 984. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.6. Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 52. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 98. (5) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 191.

Slo.: kafrna mlenica - syn.: Lactarius cimicarius Bartsch - Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees, moderately inclined calcareous ground, eventually locally somewhat acid; NW oriented mountain slope, humid and shady place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 950 m (3.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: moss covered forest soil among (decayed) roots of a Picea abies stump in its latest stage of disintegration (decomposed almost to soil). - Comments: Dull, matt, like velvety, ocher-red-brown color of pilei and fairly 'unicolor' appearing fruit bodies are typical for this quite common milkcap. However, several very similar species like Lactarius quietus, Lactarius rufus, Lactarius badiosanguineus and Lactarius serifluus exist growing almost in the same habitat. Yet, determination of Lactarius camphoratus seems still quite easy. Decisive is its smell on 'kitchen spices'. It is already noticeable whit fresh fruit bodies but becomes obtrusively strong when they are dried. In the literature the smell is described like on curry, on 'Maggi', on chicory, on camphor, etc.. Anyway, the smell is strong, specific and hard to forget. - Growing in several groups of up to four pilei together, more than 15 pilei all together present; pilei diameter 4 - 5 cm; stipe 3 - 4 cm tall and about 8 - 9 mm in diameter; taste mild but distinctive, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant; smell first mild, later stronger and particularly strong when dry, on spices; flesh quite brittle; SP abundant, beige, oac857; pilei not bruising; milk quite abundant, whitish, actually consisting of watery fluid with white milky, like coagulated, inclusions; milk not changing color and remaining white even when dry and of mild taste, not burning or being distinctly bitter. - Spores coarsely warty with some ridges. Dimensions: 6.9 [7.6 ; 7.9] 8.6 x 6 [6.7 ; 7] 7.7 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.12 ; 1.15] 1.2; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 7.7 x 6.8 microns; Qe = 1.1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water; live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 407. (2) R. M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 984. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.6. Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 52. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 98. (5) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 191.

Slo.: kafrna mlenica - syn.: Lactarius cimicarius Bartsch - Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees, moderately inclined calcareous ground, eventually locally somewhat acid; NW oriented mountain slope, humid and shady place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 950 m (3.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: moss covered forest soil among (decayed) roots of a Picea abies stump in its latest stage of disintegration (decomposed almost to soil). - Comments: Dull, matt, like velvety, ocher-red-brown color of pilei and fairly 'unicolor' appearing fruit bodies are typical for this quite common milkcap. However, several very similar species like Lactarius quietus, Lactarius rufus, Lactarius badiosanguineus and Lactarius serifluus exist growing almost in the same habitat. Yet, determination of Lactarius camphoratus seems still quite easy. Decisive is its smell on 'kitchen spices'. It is already noticeable whit fresh fruit bodies but becomes obtrusively strong when they are dried. In the literature the smell is described like on curry, on 'Maggi', on chicory, on camphor, etc.. Anyway, the smell is strong, specific and hard to forget. - Growing in several groups of up to four pilei together, more than 15 pilei all together present; pilei diameter 4 - 5 cm; stipe 3 - 4 cm tall and about 8 - 9 mm in diameter; taste mild but distinctive, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant; smell first mild, later stronger and particularly strong when dry, on spices; flesh quite brittle; SP abundant, beige, oac857; pilei not bruising; milk quite abundant, whitish, actually consisting of watery fluid with white milky, like coagulated, inclusions; milk not changing color and remaining white even when dry and of mild taste, not burning or being distinctly bitter. - Spores coarsely warty with some ridges. Dimensions: 6.9 [7.6 ; 7.9] 8.6 x 6 [6.7 ; 7] 7.7 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.12 ; 1.15] 1.2; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 7.7 x 6.8 microns; Qe = 1.1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water; live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 407. (2) R. M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 984. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.6. Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 52. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 98. (5) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 191.

Slo.: kafrna mlenica - syn.: Lactarius cimicarius Bartsch - Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees, moderately inclined calcareous ground, eventually locally somewhat acid; NW oriented mountain slope, humid and shady place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 950 m (3.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: moss covered forest soil among (decayed) roots of a Picea abies stump in its latest stage of disintegration (decomposed almost to soil). - Comments: Dull, matt, like velvety, ocher-red-brown color of pilei and fairly 'unicolor' appearing fruit bodies are typical for this quite common milkcap. However, several very similar species like Lactarius quietus, Lactarius rufus, Lactarius badiosanguineus and Lactarius serifluus exist growing almost in the same habitat. Yet, determination of Lactarius camphoratus seems still quite easy. Decisive is its smell on 'kitchen spices'. It is already noticeable whit fresh fruit bodies but becomes obtrusively strong when they are dried. In the literature the smell is described like on curry, on 'Maggi', on chicory, on camphor, etc.. Anyway, the smell is strong, specific and hard to forget. - Growing in several groups of up to four pilei together, more than 15 pilei all together present; pilei diameter 4 - 5 cm; stipe 3 - 4 cm tall and about 8 - 9 mm in diameter; taste mild but distinctive, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant; smell first mild, later stronger and particularly strong when dry, on spices; flesh quite brittle; SP abundant, beige, oac857; pilei not bruising; milk quite abundant, whitish, actually consisting of watery fluid with white milky, like coagulated, inclusions; milk not changing color and remaining white even when dry and of mild taste, not burning or being distinctly bitter. - Spores coarsely warty with some ridges. Dimensions: 6.9 [7.6 ; 7.9] 8.6 x 6 [6.7 ; 7] 7.7 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.12 ; 1.15] 1.2; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 7.7 x 6.8 microns; Qe = 1.1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water; live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 407. (2) R. M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 984. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.6. Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 52. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 98. (5) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 191.

Slo.: kafrna mlenica - syn.: Lactarius cimicarius Bartsch - Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees, moderately inclined calcareous ground, eventually locally somewhat acid; NW oriented mountain slope, humid and shady place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 950 m (3.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: moss covered forest soil among (decayed) roots of a Picea abies stump in its latest stage of disintegration (decomposed almost to soil). - Comments: Dull, matt, like velvety, ocher-red-brown color of pilei and fairly 'unicolor' appearing fruit bodies are typical for this quite common milkcap. However, several very similar species like Lactarius quietus, Lactarius rufus, Lactarius badiosanguineus and Lactarius serifluus exist growing almost in the same habitat. Yet, determination of Lactarius camphoratus seems still quite easy. Decisive is its smell on 'kitchen spices'. It is already noticeable whit fresh fruit bodies but becomes obtrusively strong when they are dried. In the literature the smell is described like on curry, on 'Maggi', on chicory, on camphor, etc.. Anyway, the smell is strong, specific and hard to forget. - Growing in several groups of up to four pilei together, more than 15 pilei all together present; pilei diameter 4 - 5 cm; stipe 3 - 4 cm tall and about 8 - 9 mm in diameter; taste mild but distinctive, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant; smell first mild, later stronger and particularly strong when dry, on spices; flesh quite brittle; SP abundant, beige, oac857; pilei not bruising; milk quite abundant, whitish, actually consisting of watery fluid with white milky, like coagulated, inclusions; milk not changing color and remaining white even when dry and of mild taste, not burning or being distinctly bitter. - Spores coarsely warty with some ridges. Dimensions: 6.9 [7.6 ; 7.9] 8.6 x 6 [6.7 ; 7] 7.7 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.12 ; 1.15] 1.2; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 7.7 x 6.8 microns; Qe = 1.1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water; live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 407. (2) R. M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 984. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.6. Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 52. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 98. (5) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 191.

Slo.: kafrna mlenica - syn.: Lactarius cimicarius Bartsch - Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees, moderately inclined calcareous ground, eventually locally somewhat acid; NW oriented mountain slope, humid and shady place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 950 m (3.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: moss covered forest soil among (decayed) roots of a Picea abies stump in its latest stage of disintegration (decomposed almost to soil). - Comments: Dull, matt, like velvety, ocher-red-brown color of pilei and fairly 'unicolor' appearing fruit bodies are typical for this quite common milkcap. However, several very similar species like Lactarius quietus, Lactarius rufus, Lactarius badiosanguineus and Lactarius serifluus exist growing almost in the same habitat. Yet, determination of Lactarius camphoratus seems still quite easy. Decisive is its smell on 'kitchen spices'. It is already noticeable whit fresh fruit bodies but becomes obtrusively strong when they are dried. In the literature the smell is described like on curry, on 'Maggi', on chicory, on camphor, etc.. Anyway, the smell is strong, specific and hard to forget. - Growing in several groups of up to four pilei together, more than 15 pilei all together present; pilei diameter 4 - 5 cm; stipe 3 - 4 cm tall and about 8 - 9 mm in diameter; taste mild but distinctive, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant; smell first mild, later stronger and particularly strong when dry, on spices; flesh quite brittle; SP abundant, beige, oac857; pilei not bruising; milk quite abundant, whitish, actually consisting of watery fluid with white milky, like coagulated, inclusions; milk not changing color and remaining white even when dry and of mild taste, not burning or being distinctly bitter. - Spores coarsely warty with some ridges. Dimensions: 6.9 [7.6 ; 7.9] 8.6 x 6 [6.7 ; 7] 7.7 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.12 ; 1.15] 1.2; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 7.7 x 6.8 microns; Qe = 1.1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water; live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 407. (2) R. M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 984. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.6. Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 52. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 98. (5) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 191.

Slo.: kafrna mlenica - syn.: Lactarius cimicarius Bartsch - Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees, moderately inclined calcareous ground, eventually locally somewhat acid; NW oriented mountain slope, humid and shady place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 950 m (3.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: moss covered forest soil among (decayed) roots of a Picea abies stump in its latest stage of disintegration (decomposed almost to soil). - Comments: Dull, matt, like velvety, ocher-red-brown color of pilei and fairly 'unicolor' appearing fruit bodies are typical for this quite common milkcap. However, several very similar species like Lactarius quietus, Lactarius rufus, Lactarius badiosanguineus and Lactarius serifluus exist growing almost in the same habitat. Yet, determination of Lactarius camphoratus seems still quite easy. Decisive is its smell on 'kitchen spices'. It is already noticeable whit fresh fruit bodies but becomes obtrusively strong when they are dried. In the literature the smell is described like on curry, on 'Maggi', on chicory, on camphor, etc.. Anyway, the smell is strong, specific and hard to forget. - Growing in several groups of up to four pilei together, more than 15 pilei all together present; pilei diameter 4 - 5 cm; stipe 3 - 4 cm tall and about 8 - 9 mm in diameter; taste mild but distinctive, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant; smell first mild, later stronger and particularly strong when dry, on spices; flesh quite brittle; SP abundant, beige, oac857; pilei not bruising; milk quite abundant, whitish, actually consisting of watery fluid with white milky, like coagulated, inclusions; milk not changing color and remaining white even when dry and of mild taste, not burning or being distinctly bitter. - Spores coarsely warty with some ridges. Dimensions: 6.9 [7.6 ; 7.9] 8.6 x 6 [6.7 ; 7] 7.7 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.12 ; 1.15] 1.2; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 7.7 x 6.8 microns; Qe = 1.1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water; live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 407. (2) R. M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 984. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.6. Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 52. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 98. (5) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 191.