Xylariales

Slo.: brezova predirnica - syn.: Sphaeria favacea Fr., Diatrype favacea Fr., Microstoma favaceum (Fr.) Auersw., Diatrypella verruciformis (Ehrh.) Nke. - Habitat: Light wood and bushes on the edge of a small alpine pasture, moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; shallow, skeletal, colluvial, calcareous ground; mostly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 615 m (2.020 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Dead, still standing, almost horizontally positioned branch of Corylus avellana. Comments: Taxonomy of genus Diatrypella is not yet settled on species level, even not on genus level. Consequently the descriptions in literature of the habit and host(s) of the species under the name Diatrypella favacea vary widely. There are mainly two approaches; 'lumpers' consider Diatrypella favacea in broader sense and consider different spore sizes of finds on different hosts as insignificant, while 'splitters' find these differences significant (among other traits) and recognize several host specific species. According to them this find would clearly be Diatrypella verruciformis (Ehrh.) Nke., which grows on Corylus sp. only. They consider Diatrypella favacea a species bound exclusively on Betula sp.. I follow Index Fungorum where these taxa (and others) are considered synonyms. Stromata 2-5.5 mm in diameter, ostioles of mature stromata small, barely visible, when old and weathered much larger; stromata mostly on the upper side of the branch; branch decayed, about 5 cm in diameter; attempt to extract pigments using 5% KOH was negative. Spores smooth, curved. Dimensions: 6,2 [7,2 ; 7,6] 8,6 x 1,4 [1,7 ; 1,8] 2,1 microns; Q = 3,2 [4 ; 4,3] 5,1 ; N = 40 ; C = 95%; Me = 7,4 x 1,8 microns; Qe = 4,2. Asci many spored. Olympus, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Osieck Eduard, AscoFrance. Many thanks for the links to relevant literature. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 282. (3) G. Medardi, Atlante fotografico degli Ascomiceti d'Italia, A.M.B. Centro Studi Micologici (2012) (in Italian with English keys), p 327. (4) Vasilyeva, L.N. & S.L. Stephenson, Pyrenomycetes of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. II. Cryptovalsa Ces. et De Not. and Diatrypella (Ces. et De Not.) Nitschke (Diatrypaceae), Fungal Diversity (2005), 19: 189-200. http://www.fungaldiversity.org/fdp/sfdp/19-12.pdf (5) http://www.pilzbestimmer.de/Detailed/17417.html (6) Glawe, D.A. & J.D. Rogers, Diatrypaceae in the Pacific Northwest, Mycotaxon (1984), 20: 401-460; available at Cyberliber http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0020/002/0430.htm (7) Croxall 1950 (Studies on British Pyrenomycetes. III. The British species of the genus Diatrypella Cesati & De Notaris, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. (1950), 33(1/2): 45-72. (8) https://www.verspreidingsatlas.nl/0593010 (see tab 'artikelen').

Slo.: brezova predirnica - syn.: Sphaeria favacea Fr., Diatrype favacea Fr., Microstoma favaceum (Fr.) Auersw., Diatrypella verruciformis (Ehrh.) Nke. - Habitat: Light wood and bushes on the edge of a small alpine pasture, moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; shallow, skeletal, colluvial, calcareous ground; mostly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 615 m (2.020 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Dead, still standing, almost horizontally positioned branch of Corylus avellana. Comments: Taxonomy of genus Diatrypella is not yet settled on species level, even not on genus level. Consequently the descriptions in literature of the habit and host(s) of the species under the name Diatrypella favacea vary widely. There are mainly two approaches; 'lumpers' consider Diatrypella favacea in broader sense and consider different spore sizes of finds on different hosts as insignificant, while 'splitters' find these differences significant (among other traits) and recognize several host specific species. According to them this find would clearly be Diatrypella verruciformis (Ehrh.) Nke., which grows on Corylus sp. only. They consider Diatrypella favacea a species bound exclusively on Betula sp.. I follow Index Fungorum where these taxa (and others) are considered synonyms. Stromata 2-5.5 mm in diameter, ostioles of mature stromata small, barely visible, when old and weathered much larger; stromata mostly on the upper side of the branch; branch decayed, about 5 cm in diameter; attempt to extract pigments using 5% KOH was negative. Spores smooth, curved. Dimensions: 6,2 [7,2 ; 7,6] 8,6 x 1,4 [1,7 ; 1,8] 2,1 microns; Q = 3,2 [4 ; 4,3] 5,1 ; N = 40 ; C = 95%; Me = 7,4 x 1,8 microns; Qe = 4,2. Asci many spored. Olympus, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Osieck Eduard, AscoFrance. Many thanks for the links to relevant literature. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 282. (3) G. Medardi, Atlante fotografico degli Ascomiceti d'Italia, A.M.B. Centro Studi Micologici (2012) (in Italian with English keys), p 327. (4) Vasilyeva, L.N. & S.L. Stephenson, Pyrenomycetes of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. II. Cryptovalsa Ces. et De Not. and Diatrypella (Ces. et De Not.) Nitschke (Diatrypaceae), Fungal Diversity (2005), 19: 189-200. http://www.fungaldiversity.org/fdp/sfdp/19-12.pdf (5) http://www.pilzbestimmer.de/Detailed/17417.html (6) Glawe, D.A. & J.D. Rogers, Diatrypaceae in the Pacific Northwest, Mycotaxon (1984), 20: 401-460; available at Cyberliber http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0020/002/0430.htm (7) Croxall 1950 (Studies on British Pyrenomycetes. III. The British species of the genus Diatrypella Cesati & De Notaris, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. (1950), 33(1/2): 45-72. (8) https://www.verspreidingsatlas.nl/0593010 (see tab 'artikelen').

Slo.: brezova predirnica - syn.: Sphaeria favacea Fr., Diatrype favacea Fr., Microstoma favaceum (Fr.) Auersw., Diatrypella verruciformis (Ehrh.) Nke. - Habitat: Light wood and bushes on the edge of a small alpine pasture, moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; shallow, skeletal, colluvial, calcareous ground; mostly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 615 m (2.020 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Dead, still standing, almost horizontally positioned branch of Corylus avellana. Comments: Taxonomy of genus Diatrypella is not yet settled on species level, even not on genus level. Consequently the descriptions in literature of the habit and host(s) of the species under the name Diatrypella favacea vary widely. There are mainly two approaches; 'lumpers' consider Diatrypella favacea in broader sense and consider different spore sizes of finds on different hosts as insignificant, while 'splitters' find these differences significant (among other traits) and recognize several host specific species. According to them this find would clearly be Diatrypella verruciformis (Ehrh.) Nke., which grows on Corylus sp. only. They consider Diatrypella favacea a species bound exclusively on Betula sp.. I follow Index Fungorum where these taxa (and others) are considered synonyms. Stromata 2-5.5 mm in diameter, ostioles of mature stromata small, barely visible, when old and weathered much larger; stromata mostly on the upper side of the branch; branch decayed, about 5 cm in diameter; attempt to extract pigments using 5% KOH was negative. Spores smooth, curved. Dimensions: 6,2 [7,2 ; 7,6] 8,6 x 1,4 [1,7 ; 1,8] 2,1 microns; Q = 3,2 [4 ; 4,3] 5,1 ; N = 40 ; C = 95%; Me = 7,4 x 1,8 microns; Qe = 4,2. Asci many spored. Olympus, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Osieck Eduard, AscoFrance. Many thanks for the links to relevant literature. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 282. (3) G. Medardi, Atlante fotografico degli Ascomiceti d'Italia, A.M.B. Centro Studi Micologici (2012) (in Italian with English keys), p 327. (4) Vasilyeva, L.N. & S.L. Stephenson, Pyrenomycetes of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. II. Cryptovalsa Ces. et De Not. and Diatrypella (Ces. et De Not.) Nitschke (Diatrypaceae), Fungal Diversity (2005), 19: 189-200. http://www.fungaldiversity.org/fdp/sfdp/19-12.pdf (5) http://www.pilzbestimmer.de/Detailed/17417.html (6) Glawe, D.A. & J.D. Rogers, Diatrypaceae in the Pacific Northwest, Mycotaxon (1984), 20: 401-460; available at Cyberliber http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0020/002/0430.htm (7) Croxall 1950 (Studies on British Pyrenomycetes. III. The British species of the genus Diatrypella Cesati & De Notaris, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. (1950), 33(1/2): 45-72. (8) https://www.verspreidingsatlas.nl/0593010 (see tab 'artikelen').

Slo.: brezova predirnica - syn.: Sphaeria favacea Fr., Diatrype favacea Fr., Microstoma favaceum (Fr.) Auersw., Diatrypella verruciformis (Ehrh.) Nke. - Habitat: Light wood and bushes on the edge of a small alpine pasture, moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; shallow, skeletal, colluvial, calcareous ground; mostly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 615 m (2.020 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Dead, still standing, almost horizontally positioned branch of Corylus avellana. Comments: Taxonomy of genus Diatrypella is not yet settled on species level, even not on genus level. Consequently the descriptions in literature of the habit and host(s) of the species under the name Diatrypella favacea vary widely. There are mainly two approaches; 'lumpers' consider Diatrypella favacea in broader sense and consider different spore sizes of finds on different hosts as insignificant, while 'splitters' find these differences significant (among other traits) and recognize several host specific species. According to them this find would clearly be Diatrypella verruciformis (Ehrh.) Nke., which grows on Corylus sp. only. They consider Diatrypella favacea a species bound exclusively on Betula sp.. I follow Index Fungorum where these taxa (and others) are considered synonyms. Stromata 2-5.5 mm in diameter, ostioles of mature stromata small, barely visible, when old and weathered much larger; stromata mostly on the upper side of the branch; branch decayed, about 5 cm in diameter; attempt to extract pigments using 5% KOH was negative. Spores smooth, curved. Dimensions: 6,2 [7,2 ; 7,6] 8,6 x 1,4 [1,7 ; 1,8] 2,1 microns; Q = 3,2 [4 ; 4,3] 5,1 ; N = 40 ; C = 95%; Me = 7,4 x 1,8 microns; Qe = 4,2. Asci many spored. Olympus, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Osieck Eduard, AscoFrance. Many thanks for the links to relevant literature. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 282. (3) G. Medardi, Atlante fotografico degli Ascomiceti d'Italia, A.M.B. Centro Studi Micologici (2012) (in Italian with English keys), p 327. (4) Vasilyeva, L.N. & S.L. Stephenson, Pyrenomycetes of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. II. Cryptovalsa Ces. et De Not. and Diatrypella (Ces. et De Not.) Nitschke (Diatrypaceae), Fungal Diversity (2005), 19: 189-200. http://www.fungaldiversity.org/fdp/sfdp/19-12.pdf (5) http://www.pilzbestimmer.de/Detailed/17417.html (6) Glawe, D.A. & J.D. Rogers, Diatrypaceae in the Pacific Northwest, Mycotaxon (1984), 20: 401-460; available at Cyberliber http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0020/002/0430.htm (7) Croxall 1950 (Studies on British Pyrenomycetes. III. The British species of the genus Diatrypella Cesati & De Notaris, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. (1950), 33(1/2): 45-72. (8) https://www.verspreidingsatlas.nl/0593010 (see tab 'artikelen').

Slo.: brezova predirnica - syn.: Sphaeria favacea Fr., Diatrype favacea Fr., Microstoma favaceum (Fr.) Auersw., Diatrypella verruciformis (Ehrh.) Nke. - Habitat: Light wood and bushes on the edge of a small alpine pasture, moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; shallow, skeletal, colluvial, calcareous ground; mostly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 615 m (2.020 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Dead, still standing, almost horizontally positioned branch of Corylus avellana. Comments: Taxonomy of genus Diatrypella is not yet settled on species level, even not on genus level. Consequently the descriptions in literature of the habit and host(s) of the species under the name Diatrypella favacea vary widely. There are mainly two approaches; 'lumpers' consider Diatrypella favacea in broader sense and consider different spore sizes of finds on different hosts as insignificant, while 'splitters' find these differences significant (among other traits) and recognize several host specific species. According to them this find would clearly be Diatrypella verruciformis (Ehrh.) Nke., which grows on Corylus sp. only. They consider Diatrypella favacea a species bound exclusively on Betula sp.. I follow Index Fungorum where these taxa (and others) are considered synonyms. Stromata 2-5.5 mm in diameter, ostioles of mature stromata small, barely visible, when old and weathered much larger; stromata mostly on the upper side of the branch; branch decayed, about 5 cm in diameter; attempt to extract pigments using 5% KOH was negative. Spores smooth, curved. Dimensions: 6,2 [7,2 ; 7,6] 8,6 x 1,4 [1,7 ; 1,8] 2,1 microns; Q = 3,2 [4 ; 4,3] 5,1 ; N = 40 ; C = 95%; Me = 7,4 x 1,8 microns; Qe = 4,2. Asci many spored. Olympus, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Osieck Eduard, AscoFrance. Many thanks for the links to relevant literature. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 282. (3) G. Medardi, Atlante fotografico degli Ascomiceti d'Italia, A.M.B. Centro Studi Micologici (2012) (in Italian with English keys), p 327. (4) Vasilyeva, L.N. & S.L. Stephenson, Pyrenomycetes of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. II. Cryptovalsa Ces. et De Not. and Diatrypella (Ces. et De Not.) Nitschke (Diatrypaceae), Fungal Diversity (2005), 19: 189-200. http://www.fungaldiversity.org/fdp/sfdp/19-12.pdf (5) http://www.pilzbestimmer.de/Detailed/17417.html (6) Glawe, D.A. & J.D. Rogers, Diatrypaceae in the Pacific Northwest, Mycotaxon (1984), 20: 401-460; available at Cyberliber http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0020/002/0430.htm (7) Croxall 1950 (Studies on British Pyrenomycetes. III. The British species of the genus Diatrypella Cesati & De Notaris, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. (1950), 33(1/2): 45-72. (8) https://www.verspreidingsatlas.nl/0593010 (see tab 'artikelen').

Slo.: ? - Habitat: Mixed hardwood forest, cretaceous clastic rock, shade, very humid ground, altitude 460 m (1.500 feet), rain protected by trees canopies, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: rotten, debarked, half buried deciduous tree branch

Slo.: ? - Habitat: Mixed hardwood forest, cretaceous clastic rock, shade, very humid ground, altitude 460 m (1.500 feet), rain protected by trees canopies, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: rotten, debarked, half buried deciduous tree branch

Slo.: ? - syn.: Sphaeria cohaerens Pers., Hypoxylon cohaerens (Pers.) Fr., Hypoxylon rutilum var. ericae Gonz. Frag., Hypoxylon atrorufum Ellis & Everh. - Habitat: steep mountain slope, south-southeast aspect, calcareous ground, open place, full sun, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-6 deg C, elevations 830 m (2.700 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: cut down Fagus sylvatica trunk lying on ground, on bare wood. - Comments: First I thought these pictures show some species of genus Hypoxylon. The problem was, as I wrongly thought, they grew exclusively on tree bark, not on wood directly (most frequently they do so). Therefore I considered genus Kretzschmaria, possibly not yet mature, common Kretzschmaria deusta. I know bright whitish-gray anamorph of it and quite common mature completely black stroma. But I've never found something in between. Only after consulting AscoFrance, Mr. Enrique Rubio the pictures were tentatively determined as Annulohypoxylon cohaerens (former Hypoxylon cohaerens). Genus Annulohypoxylon was separated from genus Hypoxylon in 2005. Actually subglobose, somewhat flattened above, confluent, at first brown, stroma with papillate ostioles fit well to this determination although the fungus is not yet fully mature. This fungus is an inhabitant of beech and it appears on bare wood as well as on bark. It often grows together with Hypoxylon fragiforme, which is a very common species in our woods. The discussion about this find is on Asco France forum can be reached here: http://www.ascofrance.com/forum?page=1 (search for 'Kretzschmaria deusta ?'). - Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Lothar Krieglsteiner, Thomas Lsse and Peter Pwert. Id'ed by Mr. Enrique Rubio, Asco France, http://www.ascofrance.com/forum?page=1(2) http://pyrenomycetes.free.fr/hypoxylon/html/Hypoxylon_cohaerens.htm

Slo.: ? - syn.: Sphaeria cohaerens Pers., Hypoxylon cohaerens (Pers.) Fr., Hypoxylon rutilum var. ericae Gonz. Frag., Hypoxylon atrorufum Ellis & Everh. - Habitat: steep mountain slope, south-southeast aspect, calcareous ground, open place, full sun, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-6 deg C, elevations 830 m (2.700 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: cut down Fagus sylvatica trunk lying on ground, on bare wood. - Comments: First I thought I found some species of genus Hypoxylon. The problem was, as I wrongly thought, they grew exclusively on tree bark, not on wood directly (most frequently they do so, but not exclusively). Therefore I considered genus Kretzschmaria, possibly not yet mature and common Kretzschmaria deusta. I know bright whitish-gray anamorph of it and quite common mature completely black stroma. But I've never found something in between. Only after consulting AscoFrance, Mr. Enrique Rubio the pictures were determined as Annulohypoxylon cohaerens (former Hypoxylon cohaerens). Genus Annulohypoxylon was separated from genus Hypoxylon in 2005. Actually subglobose, somewhat flattened above, confluent, at first brown, stroma with papillate ostioles fit well to this determination although the fungus is not yet fully mature. This fungus is an inhabitant of beech and it appears on bare wood as well as on bark. It often grows together with similar Hypoxylon fragiforme, which is a very common species in our woods. Extraction of pigments by KOH and microscopy would make this determination crystal-clear. But this was not done. The discussion about this find on Asco France forum can be reached here: http://www.ascofrance.com/forum?page=1 (search for 'Kretzschmaria deusta ?'). - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Lothar Krieglsteiner, Thomas Lsse and Peter Pwert. Id'ed by Mr. Enrique Rubio, Asco France, http://www.ascofrance.com/forum?page=1 (2) http://pyrenomycetes.free.fr/hypoxylon/html/Hypoxylon_cohaerens.htm

Slo.: ? - syn.: Sphaeria cohaerens Pers., Hypoxylon cohaerens (Pers.) Fr., Hypoxylon rutilum var. ericae Gonz. Frag., Hypoxylon atrorufum Ellis & Everh. - Habitat: steep mountain slope, south-southeast aspect, calcareous ground, open place, full sun, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-6 deg C, elevations 830 m (2.700 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: cut down Fagus sylvatica trunk lying on ground, on bare wood. - Comments: First I thought I found some species of genus Hypoxylon. The problem was, as I wrongly thought, they grew exclusively on tree bark, not on wood directly (most frequently they do so, but not exclusively). Therefore I considered genus Kretzschmaria, possibly not yet mature and common Kretzschmaria deusta. I know bright whitish-gray anamorph of it and quite common mature completely black stroma. But I've never found something in between. Only after consulting AscoFrance, Mr. Enrique Rubio the pictures were determined as Annulohypoxylon cohaerens (former Hypoxylon cohaerens). Genus Annulohypoxylon was separated from genus Hypoxylon in 2005. Actually subglobose, somewhat flattened above, confluent, at first brown, stroma with papillate ostioles fit well to this determination although the fungus is not yet fully mature. This fungus is an inhabitant of beech and it appears on bare wood as well as on bark. It often grows together with similar Hypoxylon fragiforme, which is a very common species in our woods. Extraction of pigments by KOH and microscopy would make this determination crystal-clear. But this was not done. The discussion about this find on Asco France forum can be reached here: http://www.ascofrance.com/forum?page=1 (search for 'Kretzschmaria deusta ?'). - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Lothar Krieglsteiner, Thomas Lsse and Peter Pwert. Id'ed by Mr. Enrique Rubio, Asco France, http://www.ascofrance.com/forum?page=1 (2) http://pyrenomycetes.free.fr/hypoxylon/html/Hypoxylon_cohaerens.htm

Slo.: ? - syn.: Sphaeria cohaerens Pers., Hypoxylon cohaerens (Pers.) Fr., Hypoxylon rutilum var. ericae Gonz. Frag., Hypoxylon atrorufum Ellis & Everh. - Habitat: steep mountain slope, south-southeast aspect, calcareous ground, open place, full sun, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-6 deg C, elevations 830 m (2.700 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: cut down Fagus sylvatica trunk lying on ground, on bare wood. - Comments: First I thought I found some species of genus Hypoxylon. The problem was, as I wrongly thought, they grew exclusively on tree bark, not on wood directly (most frequently they do so, but not exclusively). Therefore I considered genus Kretzschmaria, possibly not yet mature and common Kretzschmaria deusta. I know bright whitish-gray anamorph of it and quite common mature completely black stroma. But I've never found something in between. Only after consulting AscoFrance, Mr. Enrique Rubio the pictures were determined as Annulohypoxylon cohaerens (former Hypoxylon cohaerens). Genus Annulohypoxylon was separated from genus Hypoxylon in 2005. Actually subglobose, somewhat flattened above, confluent, at first brown, stroma with papillate ostioles fit well to this determination although the fungus is not yet fully mature. This fungus is an inhabitant of beech and it appears on bare wood as well as on bark. It often grows together with similar Hypoxylon fragiforme, which is a very common species in our woods. Extraction of pigments by KOH and microscopy would make this determination crystal-clear. But this was not done. The discussion about this find on Asco France forum can be reached here: http://www.ascofrance.com/forum?page=1 (search for 'Kretzschmaria deusta ?'). - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Lothar Krieglsteiner, Thomas Lsse and Peter Pwert. Id'ed by Mr. Enrique Rubio, Asco France, http://www.ascofrance.com/forum?page=1 (2) http://pyrenomycetes.free.fr/hypoxylon/html/Hypoxylon_cohaerens.htm

Slo.: not found in ref.:(2)- Habitat: Partly overgrown scree and rock slopes at the foot of steep mountain side, SW exposed, calcareous ground, light and warm place, full sun, fully exposed to precipitations, medium air humidity, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 440 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: About 2 cm (4/5 inch) diameter dead and partly rotten, yet still in bark, branch of a deciduous tree or bush laying on ground, probably Fagus sylvatica or Coryllus avellana. - Comment: No microscopic investigations done.

Slo.: not found in ref.:(2) - Habitat: Partly overgrown scree and rock slopes at the foot of steep mountain side, SW exposed, calcareous ground, light and warm place, full sun, fully exposed to precipitations, medium air humidity, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 440 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: About 2 cm (4/5 inch) diameter dead and partly rotten, yet still in bark, branch of a deciduous tree or bush laying on ground, probably Fagus sylvatica or Coryllus avellana. - Comment: No microscopic investigations done.

Slo.: not found in ref.:(2) - Habitat: Partly overgrown scree and rock slopes at the foot of steep mountain side, SW exposed, calcareous ground, light and warm place, full sun, fully exposed to precipitations, medium air humidity, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 440 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: About 2 cm (4/5 inch) diameter dead and partly rotten, yet still in bark, branch of a deciduous tree or bush laying on ground, probably Fagus sylvatica or Coryllus avellana. - Comment: No microscopic investigations done.

Slo.: not found in ref.:(2) - Habitat: Partly overgrown scree and rock slopes at the foot of steep mountain side, SW exposed, calcareous ground, light and warm place, full sun, fully exposed to precipitations, medium air humidity, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 440 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: About 2 cm (4/5 inch) diameter dead and partly rotten, yet still in bark, branch of a deciduous tree or bush laying on ground, probably Fagus sylvatica or Coryllus avellana. - Comment: No microscopic investigations done.

Slo.: not found in ref.:(2) - Habitat: Partly overgrown scree and rock slopes at the foot of steep mountain side, SW exposed, calcareous ground, light and warm place, full sun, fully exposed to precipitations, medium air humidity, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 440 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: About 2 cm (4/5 inch) diameter dead and partly rotten, yet still in bark, branch of a deciduous tree or bush laying on ground, probably Fagus sylvatica or Coryllus avellana. - Comment: No microscopic investigations done.

Habitat: former pastures, now overgrown with bushes (Corylus avellana dominant) and scattered Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia and Fraxinus ornus; almost flat terrain; calcareous ground; half shade; relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 370 m (1.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: rotten branch of Corylus avellana lying on ground, still in bark. Comments: Anthostoma decipiens really deserves it species name (decipiens = deceiving). When I found it I was sure I found Cryptospora corylina. Habitus, habitat and all macroscopic features described in Breitenbach (1984) (Ref.: 1) fit well to the observation. Also the picture of Cryptospora published there was like my own. But when I looked through the microscope spores were a real surprise. Instead to be very long (50 - 85 microns) and filiform they were short, cylindrical, allantoid 'sausages'. Many Diatrypaceae are macroscopically deceivingly similar. Microscopy revealed Anthostoma decipiens. Substrate is correct. Perithecia are of proper dimensions, of caespitose growth (growing in dense tufts) of 10 or more fruitbodies packed into a pale ochre-brown stoma protruding through the bark and ending with black furrowed perithecial ostioles. Asci are irregularly biseriate, with long apical ring. No paraphyses were seen, which fits to observation in Breitenbach (1984) (Ref.:1.). Spores fit somewhere in between widely different data from Ref.:1. and Ref.:2. Since spores were obtained from crashed perithecia, many of them were eventually not mature. Therefore a second measurement was done taking into account only larges spores (assumed to be mature). Also asci dimensions given in literature differ significantly. I know no explanation of these differences. Spores smooth, allantoid, cylindrical. Dimensions of the first measurement taking into account all spores. 6.5 [7.3 ; 7.6] 8.4 x 2.1 [2.4 ; 2.5] 2.9 microns; Q = 2.5 [2.9 ; 3.1] 3.5; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7.5 x 2.5 microns; Qe = 3. Second measurement taking into account only larges spores (assumed to be mature) gave following result: 7,1 [8,2 ; 8,7] 9,8 x 1,9 [2,3 ; 2,5] 3 microns; Q = 2,8 [3,4 ; 3,7] 4,3; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 8,5 x 2,4 microns; Qe = 3,5. Asci dimensions: 46.3 [57.4 ; 65.9] 77.1 x 5.5 [6.1 ; 6.6] 7.2 microns; Q = 7.9 [9.2 ; 10.2] 11.5; N = 13; C = 95%; Me = 61.7 x 6.4 microns ; Qe = 9.7 (Ref.:1. gives 60-80 x 5.5-7.5 microns, Ref.: 2. gives 35-60/4-5 microns). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 290. (2) http://www.sipav.org/main/jpp/volumes/0310/031007.pdf (3) http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201500224751

Habitat: former pastures, now overgrown with bushes (Corylus avellana dominant) and scattered Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia and Fraxinus ornus; almost flat terrain; calcareous ground; half shade; relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 370 m (1.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: rotten branch of Corylus avellana lying on ground, still in bark. Comments: Anthostoma decipiens really deserves it species name (decipiens = deceiving). When I found it I was sure I found Cryptospora corylina. Habitus, habitat and all macroscopic features described in Breitenbach (1984) (Ref.: 1) fit well to the observation. Also the picture of Cryptospora published there was like my own. But when I looked through the microscope spores were a real surprise. Instead to be very long (50 - 85 microns) and filiform they were short, cylindrical, allantoid 'sausages'. Many Diatrypaceae are macroscopically deceivingly similar. Microscopy revealed Anthostoma decipiens. Substrate is correct. Perithecia are of proper dimensions, of caespitose growth (growing in dense tufts) of 10 or more fruitbodies packed into a pale ochre-brown stoma protruding through the bark and ending with black furrowed perithecial ostioles. Asci are irregularly biseriate, with long apical ring. No paraphyses were seen, which fits to observation in Breitenbach (1984) (Ref.:1.). Spores fit somewhere in between widely different data from Ref.:1. and Ref.:2. Since spores were obtained from crashed perithecia, many of them were eventually not mature. Therefore a second measurement was done taking into account only larges spores (assumed to be mature). Also asci dimensions given in literature differ significantly. I know no explanation of these differences. Spores smooth, allantoid, cylindrical. Dimensions of the first measurement taking into account all spores. 6.5 [7.3 ; 7.6] 8.4 x 2.1 [2.4 ; 2.5] 2.9 microns; Q = 2.5 [2.9 ; 3.1] 3.5; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7.5 x 2.5 microns; Qe = 3. Second measurement taking into account only larges spores (assumed to be mature) gave following result: 7,1 [8,2 ; 8,7] 9,8 x 1,9 [2,3 ; 2,5] 3 microns; Q = 2,8 [3,4 ; 3,7] 4,3; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 8,5 x 2,4 microns; Qe = 3,5. Asci dimensions: 46.3 [57.4 ; 65.9] 77.1 x 5.5 [6.1 ; 6.6] 7.2 microns; Q = 7.9 [9.2 ; 10.2] 11.5; N = 13; C = 95%; Me = 61.7 x 6.4 microns ; Qe = 9.7 (Ref.:1. gives 60-80 x 5.5-7.5 microns, Ref.: 2. gives 35-60/4-5 microns). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 290. (2) http://www.sipav.org/main/jpp/volumes/0310/031007.pdf (3) http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201500224751

Habitat: former pastures, now overgrown with bushes (Corylus avellana dominant) and scattered Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia and Fraxinus ornus; almost flat terrain; calcareous ground; half shade; relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 370 m (1.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: rotten branch of Corylus avellana lying on ground, still in bark. Comments: Anthostoma decipiens really deserves it species name (decipiens = deceiving). When I found it I was sure I found Cryptospora corylina. Habitus, habitat and all macroscopic features described in Breitenbach (1984) (Ref.: 1) fit well to the observation. Also the picture of Cryptospora published there was like my own. But when I looked through the microscope spores were a real surprise. Instead to be very long (50 - 85 microns) and filiform they were short, cylindrical, allantoid 'sausages'. Many Diatrypaceae are macroscopically deceivingly similar. Microscopy revealed Anthostoma decipiens. Substrate is correct. Perithecia are of proper dimensions, of caespitose growth (growing in dense tufts) of 10 or more fruitbodies packed into a pale ochre-brown stoma protruding through the bark and ending with black furrowed perithecial ostioles. Asci are irregularly biseriate, with long apical ring. No paraphyses were seen, which fits to observation in Breitenbach (1984) (Ref.:1.). Spores fit somewhere in between widely different data from Ref.:1. and Ref.:2. Since spores were obtained from crashed perithecia, many of them were eventually not mature. Therefore a second measurement was done taking into account only larges spores (assumed to be mature). Also asci dimensions given in literature differ significantly. I know no explanation of these differences. Spores smooth, allantoid, cylindrical. Dimensions of the first measurement taking into account all spores. 6.5 [7.3 ; 7.6] 8.4 x 2.1 [2.4 ; 2.5] 2.9 microns; Q = 2.5 [2.9 ; 3.1] 3.5; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7.5 x 2.5 microns; Qe = 3. Second measurement taking into account only larges spores (assumed to be mature) gave following result: 7,1 [8,2 ; 8,7] 9,8 x 1,9 [2,3 ; 2,5] 3 microns; Q = 2,8 [3,4 ; 3,7] 4,3; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 8,5 x 2,4 microns; Qe = 3,5. Asci dimensions: 46.3 [57.4 ; 65.9] 77.1 x 5.5 [6.1 ; 6.6] 7.2 microns; Q = 7.9 [9.2 ; 10.2] 11.5; N = 13; C = 95%; Me = 61.7 x 6.4 microns ; Qe = 9.7 (Ref.:1. gives 60-80 x 5.5-7.5 microns, Ref.: 2. gives 35-60/4-5 microns). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 290. (2) http://www.sipav.org/main/jpp/volumes/0310/031007.pdf (3) http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201500224751

Habitat: former pastures, now overgrown with bushes (Corylus avellana dominant) and scattered Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia and Fraxinus ornus; almost flat terrain; calcareous ground; half shade; relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 370 m (1.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: rotten branch of Corylus avellana lying on ground, still in bark. Comments: Anthostoma decipiens really deserves it species name (decipiens = deceiving). When I found it I was sure I found Cryptospora corylina. Habitus, habitat and all macroscopic features described in Breitenbach (1984) (Ref.: 1) fit well to the observation. Also the picture of Cryptospora published there was like my own. But when I looked through the microscope spores were a real surprise. Instead to be very long (50 - 85 microns) and filiform they were short, cylindrical, allantoid 'sausages'. Many Diatrypaceae are macroscopically deceivingly similar. Microscopy revealed Anthostoma decipiens. Substrate is correct. Perithecia are of proper dimensions, of caespitose growth (growing in dense tufts) of 10 or more fruitbodies packed into a pale ochre-brown stoma protruding through the bark and ending with black furrowed perithecial ostioles. Asci are irregularly biseriate, with long apical ring. No paraphyses were seen, which fits to observation in Breitenbach (1984) (Ref.:1.). Spores fit somewhere in between widely different data from Ref.:1. and Ref.:2. Since spores were obtained from crashed perithecia, many of them were eventually not mature. Therefore a second measurement was done taking into account only larges spores (assumed to be mature). Also asci dimensions given in literature differ significantly. I know no explanation of these differences. Spores smooth, allantoid, cylindrical. Dimensions of the first measurement taking into account all spores. 6.5 [7.3 ; 7.6] 8.4 x 2.1 [2.4 ; 2.5] 2.9 microns; Q = 2.5 [2.9 ; 3.1] 3.5; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7.5 x 2.5 microns; Qe = 3. Second measurement taking into account only larges spores (assumed to be mature) gave following result: 7,1 [8,2 ; 8,7] 9,8 x 1,9 [2,3 ; 2,5] 3 microns; Q = 2,8 [3,4 ; 3,7] 4,3; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 8,5 x 2,4 microns; Qe = 3,5. Asci dimensions: 46.3 [57.4 ; 65.9] 77.1 x 5.5 [6.1 ; 6.6] 7.2 microns; Q = 7.9 [9.2 ; 10.2] 11.5; N = 13; C = 95%; Me = 61.7 x 6.4 microns ; Qe = 9.7 (Ref.:1. gives 60-80 x 5.5-7.5 microns, Ref.: 2. gives 35-60/4-5 microns). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 290. (2) http://www.sipav.org/main/jpp/volumes/0310/031007.pdf (3) http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201500224751

Habitat: former pastures, now overgrown with bushes (Corylus avellana dominant) and scattered Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia and Fraxinus ornus; almost flat terrain; calcareous ground; half shade; relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 370 m (1.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: rotten branch of Corylus avellana lying on ground, still in bark. Comments: Anthostoma decipiens really deserves it species name (decipiens = deceiving). When I found it I was sure I found Cryptospora corylina. Habitus, habitat and all macroscopic features described in Breitenbach (1984) (Ref.: 1) fit well to the observation. Also the picture of Cryptospora published there was like my own. But when I looked through the microscope spores were a real surprise. Instead to be very long (50 - 85 microns) and filiform they were short, cylindrical, allantoid 'sausages'. Many Diatrypaceae are macroscopically deceivingly similar. Microscopy revealed Anthostoma decipiens. Substrate is correct. Perithecia are of proper dimensions, of caespitose growth (growing in dense tufts) of 10 or more fruitbodies packed into a pale ochre-brown stoma protruding through the bark and ending with black furrowed perithecial ostioles. Asci are irregularly biseriate, with long apical ring. No paraphyses were seen, which fits to observation in Breitenbach (1984) (Ref.:1.). Spores fit somewhere in between widely different data from Ref.:1. and Ref.:2. Since spores were obtained from crashed perithecia, many of them were eventually not mature. Therefore a second measurement was done taking into account only larges spores (assumed to be mature). Also asci dimensions given in literature differ significantly. I know no explanation of these differences. Spores smooth, allantoid, cylindrical. Dimensions of the first measurement taking into account all spores. 6.5 [7.3 ; 7.6] 8.4 x 2.1 [2.4 ; 2.5] 2.9 microns; Q = 2.5 [2.9 ; 3.1] 3.5; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7.5 x 2.5 microns; Qe = 3. Second measurement taking into account only larges spores (assumed to be mature) gave following result: 7,1 [8,2 ; 8,7] 9,8 x 1,9 [2,3 ; 2,5] 3 microns; Q = 2,8 [3,4 ; 3,7] 4,3; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 8,5 x 2,4 microns; Qe = 3,5. Asci dimensions: 46.3 [57.4 ; 65.9] 77.1 x 5.5 [6.1 ; 6.6] 7.2 microns; Q = 7.9 [9.2 ; 10.2] 11.5; N = 13; C = 95%; Me = 61.7 x 6.4 microns ; Qe = 9.7 (Ref.:1. gives 60-80 x 5.5-7.5 microns, Ref.: 2. gives 35-60/4-5 microns). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 290. (2) http://www.sipav.org/main/jpp/volumes/0310/031007.pdf (3) http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201500224751

Habitat: former pastures, now overgrown with bushes (Corylus avellana dominant) and scattered Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia and Fraxinus ornus; almost flat terrain; calcareous ground; half shade; relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 370 m (1.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: rotten branch of Corylus avellana lying on ground, still in bark. Comments: Anthostoma decipiens really deserves it species name (decipiens = deceiving). When I found it I was sure I found Cryptospora corylina. Habitus, habitat and all macroscopic features described in Breitenbach (1984) (Ref.: 1) fit well to the observation. Also the picture of Cryptospora published there was like my own. But when I looked through the microscope spores were a real surprise. Instead to be very long (50 - 85 microns) and filiform they were short, cylindrical, allantoid 'sausages'. Many Diatrypaceae are macroscopically deceivingly similar. Microscopy revealed Anthostoma decipiens. Substrate is correct. Perithecia are of proper dimensions, of caespitose growth (growing in dense tufts) of 10 or more fruitbodies packed into a pale ochre-brown stoma protruding through the bark and ending with black furrowed perithecial ostioles. Asci are irregularly biseriate, with long apical ring. No paraphyses were seen, which fits to observation in Breitenbach (1984) (Ref.:1.). Spores fit somewhere in between widely different data from Ref.:1. and Ref.:2. Since spores were obtained from crashed perithecia, many of them were eventually not mature. Therefore a second measurement was done taking into account only larges spores (assumed to be mature). Also asci dimensions given in literature differ significantly. I know no explanation of these differences. Spores smooth, allantoid, cylindrical. Dimensions of the first measurement taking into account all spores. 6.5 [7.3 ; 7.6] 8.4 x 2.1 [2.4 ; 2.5] 2.9 microns; Q = 2.5 [2.9 ; 3.1] 3.5; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7.5 x 2.5 microns; Qe = 3. Second measurement taking into account only larges spores (assumed to be mature) gave following result: 7,1 [8,2 ; 8,7] 9,8 x 1,9 [2,3 ; 2,5] 3 microns; Q = 2,8 [3,4 ; 3,7] 4,3; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 8,5 x 2,4 microns; Qe = 3,5. Asci dimensions: 46.3 [57.4 ; 65.9] 77.1 x 5.5 [6.1 ; 6.6] 7.2 microns; Q = 7.9 [9.2 ; 10.2] 11.5; N = 13; C = 95%; Me = 61.7 x 6.4 microns ; Qe = 9.7 (Ref.:1. gives 60-80 x 5.5-7.5 microns, Ref.: 2. gives 35-60/4-5 microns). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 290. (2) http://www.sipav.org/main/jpp/volumes/0310/031007.pdf (3) http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201500224751

Habitat: former pastures, now overgrown with bushes (Corylus avellana dominant) and scattered Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia and Fraxinus ornus; almost flat terrain; calcareous ground; half shade; relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 370 m (1.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: rotten branch of Corylus avellana lying on ground, still in bark. Comments: Anthostoma decipiens really deserves it species name (decipiens = deceiving). When I found it I was sure I found Cryptospora corylina. Habitus, habitat and all macroscopic features described in Breitenbach (1984) (Ref.: 1) fit well to the observation. Also the picture of Cryptospora published there was like my own. But when I looked through the microscope spores were a real surprise. Instead to be very long (50 - 85 microns) and filiform they were short, cylindrical, allantoid 'sausages'. Many Diatrypaceae are macroscopically deceivingly similar. Microscopy revealed Anthostoma decipiens. Substrate is correct. Perithecia are of proper dimensions, of caespitose growth (growing in dense tufts) of 10 or more fruitbodies packed into a pale ochre-brown stoma protruding through the bark and ending with black furrowed perithecial ostioles. Asci are irregularly biseriate, with long apical ring. No paraphyses were seen, which fits to observation in Breitenbach (1984) (Ref.:1.). Spores fit somewhere in between widely different data from Ref.:1. and Ref.:2. Since spores were obtained from crashed perithecia, many of them were eventually not mature. Therefore a second measurement was done taking into account only larges spores (assumed to be mature). Also asci dimensions given in literature differ significantly. I know no explanation of these differences. Spores smooth, allantoid, cylindrical. Dimensions of the first measurement taking into account all spores. 6.5 [7.3 ; 7.6] 8.4 x 2.1 [2.4 ; 2.5] 2.9 microns; Q = 2.5 [2.9 ; 3.1] 3.5; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7.5 x 2.5 microns; Qe = 3. Second measurement taking into account only larges spores (assumed to be mature) gave following result: 7,1 [8,2 ; 8,7] 9,8 x 1,9 [2,3 ; 2,5] 3 microns; Q = 2,8 [3,4 ; 3,7] 4,3; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 8,5 x 2,4 microns; Qe = 3,5. Asci dimensions: 46.3 [57.4 ; 65.9] 77.1 x 5.5 [6.1 ; 6.6] 7.2 microns; Q = 7.9 [9.2 ; 10.2] 11.5; N = 13; C = 95%; Me = 61.7 x 6.4 microns ; Qe = 9.7 (Ref.:1. gives 60-80 x 5.5-7.5 microns, Ref.: 2. gives 35-60/4-5 microns). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 290. (2) http://www.sipav.org/main/jpp/volumes/0310/031007.pdf (3) http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201500224751

Habitat: former pastures, now overgrown with bushes (Corylus avellana dominant) and scattered Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia and Fraxinus ornus; almost flat terrain; calcareous ground; half shade; relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 370 m (1.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: rotten branch of Corylus avellana lying on ground, still in bark. Comments: Anthostoma decipiens really deserves it species name (decipiens = deceiving). When I found it I was sure I found Cryptospora corylina. Habitus, habitat and all macroscopic features described in Breitenbach (1984) (Ref.: 1) fit well to the observation. Also the picture of Cryptospora published there was like my own. But when I looked through the microscope spores were a real surprise. Instead to be very long (50 - 85 microns) and filiform they were short, cylindrical, allantoid 'sausages'. Many Diatrypaceae are macroscopically deceivingly similar. Microscopy revealed Anthostoma decipiens. Substrate is correct. Perithecia are of proper dimensions, of caespitose growth (growing in dense tufts) of 10 or more fruitbodies packed into a pale ochre-brown stoma protruding through the bark and ending with black furrowed perithecial ostioles. Asci are irregularly biseriate, with long apical ring. No paraphyses were seen, which fits to observation in Breitenbach (1984) (Ref.:1.). Spores fit somewhere in between widely different data from Ref.:1. and Ref.:2. Since spores were obtained from crashed perithecia, many of them were eventually not mature. Therefore a second measurement was done taking into account only larges spores (assumed to be mature). Also asci dimensions given in literature differ significantly. I know no explanation of these differences. Spores smooth, allantoid, cylindrical. Dimensions of the first measurement taking into account all spores. 6.5 [7.3 ; 7.6] 8.4 x 2.1 [2.4 ; 2.5] 2.9 microns; Q = 2.5 [2.9 ; 3.1] 3.5; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7.5 x 2.5 microns; Qe = 3. Second measurement taking into account only larges spores (assumed to be mature) gave following result: 7,1 [8,2 ; 8,7] 9,8 x 1,9 [2,3 ; 2,5] 3 microns; Q = 2,8 [3,4 ; 3,7] 4,3; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 8,5 x 2,4 microns; Qe = 3,5. Asci dimensions: 46.3 [57.4 ; 65.9] 77.1 x 5.5 [6.1 ; 6.6] 7.2 microns; Q = 7.9 [9.2 ; 10.2] 11.5; N = 13; C = 95%; Me = 61.7 x 6.4 microns ; Qe = 9.7 (Ref.:1. gives 60-80 x 5.5-7.5 microns, Ref.: 2. gives 35-60/4-5 microns). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 290. (2) http://www.sipav.org/main/jpp/volumes/0310/031007.pdf (3) http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201500224751