Hypocreales

Cosmospora coccinea Rabenh., [non Nectria coccinea (Pers.) Fr. 1849], syn.: Nectria cosmariospora Ces. & De Not.; anamorph Verticillium olivaceum W. GamsSlo.: krlatna bradavikaDat.: March 25. 2017Lat.: 46.37361 Long.: 13.79341Code: Bot_1043/2017_DSC7186Habitat: alpine Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies; in shade, rather cool and humid place; locally almost flat terrain; calcareous, colluvial, stony ground; elevation 950 m, average temperature 5-7 deg C, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: heavily decayed Poliporaceae (Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus most common at this place) on fallen off, rotten branch of Fagus sylvaticaPlace: Zadnjica valley west of Mt. Triglav, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: I found this ascomycete on heavily decayed pore layer of a Poliporaceae. Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus seem most probable at this regions. First I thought I found Nectria peziza (since on polypore). However, spores proved to be too big and too tuberculate. Also perithecia seem pyriforme rather than globose and they apparently do not degrade to widely open 'peziza' type cups when old as I expected. Surprisingly I was unable to find asci? In the literature available to me I found no fit to this find. Thanks to the help obtained at AscoFrance (Ref.:1) the find was determined as Cosmospora coccinea. The fungus grows almost exclusively on Inonotus nodulosus decayed pore layer.Spores tuberculate. Dimensions: 14.3 [16.5 ; 17.6] 19.8 x 8.6 [10.2 ; 11] 12.6 microns; Q = 1.3 [1.6 ; 1.7] 1.9; N = 24; C = 95%; Me = 17 x 10.6 microns; Qe = 1.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (all pictures except:), Bausch & Lomb, 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (whole perithecia), in water, fresh material; Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland (macro pictures of habit). AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Gernot Friebes (idded the find) and Thomas Lsse, AscoFrance(2) T. Grfenhan, H.J. Schroers, H.I. Nirenberg, and K.A. Seifert (2011), An overview of the taxonomy, phylogeny, and typification of nectriaceous fungi in Cosmospora, Acremonium, Fusarium, Stilbella, and Volutella, Stud Mycol., 68: 79113. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065986/(3) www.marn.at/index-fungorum/cosmariospora_mikro.html (4) www.sites.google.com/site/funghiparadise/home

Cosmospora coccinea Rabenh., [non Nectria coccinea (Pers.) Fr. 1849], syn.: Nectria cosmariospora Ces. & De Not.; anamorph Verticillium olivaceum W. GamsSlo.: krlatna bradavikaPossibly conidia of the anamorph form??Dat.: March 25. 2017Lat.: 46.37361 Long.: 13.79341Code: Bot_1043/2017_DSC7186Habitat: alpine Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies; in shade, rather cool and humid place; locally almost flat terrain; calcareous, colluvial, stony ground; elevation 950 m, average temperature 5-7 deg C, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: heavily decayed Poliporaceae (Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus most common at this place) on fallen off, rotten branch of Fagus sylvaticaPlace: Zadnjica valley west of Mt. Triglav, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: I found this ascomycete on heavily decayed pore layer of a Poliporaceae. Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus seem most probable at this regions. First I thought I found Nectria peziza (since on polypore). However, spores proved to be too big and too tuberculate. Also perithecia seem pyriforme rather than globose and they apparently do not degrade to widely open 'peziza' type cups when old as I expected. Surprisingly I was unable to find asci? In the literature available to me I found no fit to this find. Thanks to the help obtained at AscoFrance (Ref.:1) the find was determined as Cosmospora coccinea. The fungus grows almost exclusively on Inonotus nodulosus decayed pore layer.Spores tuberculate. Dimensions: 14.3 [16.5 ; 17.6] 19.8 x 8.6 [10.2 ; 11] 12.6 microns; Q = 1.3 [1.6 ; 1.7] 1.9; N = 24; C = 95%; Me = 17 x 10.6 microns; Qe = 1.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (all pictures except:), Bausch & Lomb, 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (whole perithecia), in water, fresh material; Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland (macro pictures of habit). AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Gernot Friebes (idded the find) and Thomas Lsse, AscoFrance(2) T. Grfenhan, H.J. Schroers, H.I. Nirenberg, and K.A. Seifert (2011), An overview of the taxonomy, phylogeny, and typification of nectriaceous fungi in Cosmospora, Acremonium, Fusarium, Stilbella, and Volutella, Stud Mycol., 68: 79113. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065986/(3) www.marn.at/index-fungorum/cosmariospora_mikro.html (4) www.sites.google.com/site/funghiparadise/home

Cosmospora coccinea Rabenh., [non Nectria coccinea (Pers.) Fr. 1849], syn.: Nectria cosmariospora Ces. & De Not.; anamorph Verticillium olivaceum W. GamsSlo.: krlatna bradavikaDat.: March 25. 2017Lat.: 46.37361 Long.: 13.79341Code: Bot_1043/2017_DSC7186Habitat: alpine Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies; in shade, rather cool and humid place; locally almost flat terrain; calcareous, colluvial, stony ground; elevation 950 m, average temperature 5-7 deg C, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: heavily decayed Poliporaceae (Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus most common at this place) on fallen off, rotten branch of Fagus sylvaticaPlace: Zadnjica valley west of Mt. Triglav, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: I found this ascomycete on heavily decayed pore layer of a Poliporaceae. Phellinus punctatus and Inonotus nodulosus seem most probable at this regions. First I thought I found Nectria peziza (since on polypore). However, spores proved to be too big and too tuberculate. Also perithecia seem pyriforme rather than globose and they apparently do not degrade to widely open 'peziza' type cups when old as I expected. Surprisingly I was unable to find asci? In the literature available to me I found no fit to this find. Thanks to the help obtained at AscoFrance (Ref.:1) the find was determined as Cosmospora coccinea. The fungus grows almost exclusively on Inonotus nodulosus decayed pore layer.Spores tuberculate. Dimensions: 14.3 [16.5 ; 17.6] 19.8 x 8.6 [10.2 ; 11] 12.6 microns; Q = 1.3 [1.6 ; 1.7] 1.9; N = 24; C = 95%; Me = 17 x 10.6 microns; Qe = 1.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (all pictures except:), Bausch & Lomb, 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (whole perithecia), in water, fresh material; Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland (macro pictures of habit). AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Gernot Friebes (idded the find) and Thomas Lsse, AscoFrance(2) T. Grfenhan, H.J. Schroers, H.I. Nirenberg, and K.A. Seifert (2011), An overview of the taxonomy, phylogeny, and typification of nectriaceous fungi in Cosmospora, Acremonium, Fusarium, Stilbella, and Volutella, Stud Mycol., 68: 79113. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065986/(3) www.marn.at/index-fungorum/cosmariospora_mikro.html (4) www.sites.google.com/site/funghiparadise/home

The fungus forms 18 cm high, club-shaped and orange/red fruiting bodies, which infect Lepidoptera larvae and then grow out of them. Seen in a Worcestershire Churchyard

While working in my garden today I discovered this Cordyceps militaris fungus (Caterpillar Killer / Rupsendoder). It is not the most beautiful fungus and thats for sure. This particular Cordyceps militaris is about 2,5 cm in size.This is an extraordinary fungus that parasitises and kills moth pupae. It is an ascomycete that invades the pupae in the ground. Eventually the fungus will fruit sending out unmistakable bright orange fruiting bodies above the ground.Uit Wikipedia:De rupsendoder (Cordyceps militaris) is een paddenstoel uit de klasse van de Sordariomycetes, familie Corcycipitaceae.De zwam wordt 2 tot 6 centimeter hoog, en is een half tot 1 centimeter dik. De kleur van de zwam is oranjegeel tot oranje, de steel is meestal wat bleker. Op de hoed bevinden zich fijne wratjes. De zwam groeit op poppen van vlinders in diverse biotopen. In Nederland is de soort vrij algemeen.

The fungus forms 18 cm high, club-shaped and orange/red fruiting bodies, which infect Lepidoptera larvae and then grow out of them. Seen in a Worcestershire Churchyard

Scientific Name: Cordyceps militaris (L. ex St. Amans) LinkCommon Name: Trooping CordycepsCertainty: positive (notes)Location: Southern Appalachians; Smokies; CabinCoveDate: 20060715Perfect example, complete with pupal host. This is a fascinating fungus, considered to be a real find, as it grows exclusively on buried pupae of insects! However, a day or two after a good midsummer rain in the Smokies I can almost guarantee several sightings on a casual stroll through damp hardwood forest.

Stalk rot in maize caused by Gibberella zeae.For more information, see CIMMYT's Maize Doctor: maizedoctor.cimmyt.org/index.php?option=com_content&t....Photo credit: CIMMYT.

A fungal parasite which attacks species of the Helvella genus, (the Elfin Saddles).

Hypomyces lateritius, syn.: Peckiella deformans, syn.: Sphaeria lateritia, KunzeSlo.: zajedalska mrestovkaDat.: Oct. 03. 2010Lat.: 46.38342 Long.: 13.78330Code: Bot_463/DSC5355 Habitat: Young open mixed wood, predominantly Picea abies and some Fagus sylvatica, mossy ground, quite moist and shaded, no sun during winter months, nearly flat calcareous terrain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 800 m (2.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: mossy groundPlace: Zadnjica valley, lower Strunik place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComments: Growing on Lactarius deterrimus. Ref.: (1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 951. (2) www.pilzepilze.de/cgi-bin/webbbs/parchive2005.pl?noframes....

Hypomyces lateritius, syn.: Peckiella deformans, syn.: Sphaeria lateritia, KunzeSlo.: zajedalska mrestovkaDat.: Oct. 03. 2010Lat.: 46.38342 Long.: 13.78330Code: Bot_463/DSC5355 Habitat: Young open mixed wood, predominantly Picea abies and some Fagus sylvatica, mossy ground, quite moist and shaded, no sun during winter months, nearly flat calcareous terrain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 800 m (2.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: mossy groundPlace: Zadnjica valley, lower Strunik place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComments: Growing on Lactarius deterrimus. Upper side of the pileus is not attacked by the parasite.Ref.: (1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 951. (2) www.pilzepilze.de/cgi-bin/webbbs/parchive2005.pl?noframes....

Hypomyces lateritius, syn.: Peckiella deformans, syn.: Sphaeria lateritia, KunzeSlo.: zajedalska mrestovkaDat.: Oct. 03. 2010Lat.: 46.38342 Long.: 13.78330Code: Bot_463/DSC5355 Habitat: Young open mixed wood, predominantly Picea abies and some Fagus sylvatica, mossy ground, quite moist and shaded, no sun during winter months, nearly flat calcareous terrain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 800 m (2.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: mossy groundPlace: Zadnjica valley, lower Strunik place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComments: Growing on Lactarius deterrimus. Ref.: (1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 951. (2) www.pilzepilze.de/cgi-bin/webbbs/parchive2005.pl?noframes....

Hypomyces lateritius, syn.: Peckiella deformans, syn.: Sphaeria lateritia, KunzeSlo.: zajedalska mrestovkaDat.: Oct. 03. 2010Lat.: 46.38342 Long.: 13.78330Code: Bot_463/DSC5355 Habitat: Young open mixed wood, predominantly Picea abies and some Fagus sylvatica, mossy ground, quite moist and shaded, no sun during winter months, nearly flat calcareous terrain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 800 m (2.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: mossy groundPlace: Zadnjica valley, lower Strunik place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComments: Growing on Lactarius deterrimus. Ref.: (1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 951. (2) www.pilzepilze.de/cgi-bin/webbbs/parchive2005.pl?noframes....

Hypomyces lateritius, syn.: Peckiella deformans, syn.: Sphaeria lateritia, KunzeSlo.: zajedalska mrestovkaDat.: Oct. 03. 2010Lat.: 46.38342 Long.: 13.78330Code: Bot_463/DSC5355 Habitat: Young open mixed wood, predominantly Picea abies and some Fagus sylvatica, mossy ground, quite moist and shaded, no sun during winter months, nearly flat calcareous terrain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 800 m (2.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: mossy groundPlace: Zadnjica valley, lower Strunik place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComments: Growing on Lactarius deterrimus. Ref.: (1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 951. (2) www.pilzepilze.de/cgi-bin/webbbs/parchive2005.pl?noframes....

Even though it's not the best photo, you can clearly see the classic, graceful form of this Isaria species.Photographed by my husband, Chris Ryan, in the Botanical Garden Reserve at Straun, on the Hogarth Falls walk.IDENTIFYING AUSTRALIAN RAINFOREST PLANTS,TREES & FUNGI - Flick Group --> DATABASE INDEX - TAGS

Corte Grande, Bahia, Brazil

Corte Grande, Bahia, Brazil

Nectria peziza (Tode) Fr., syn.: Sphaeria peziza Tode, Neuronectria peziza (Tode) MunkSlo.: vrsta bradavikeDat.: Oct.22. 2011Lat.: 46.34859 Long.: 13.67895Code: Bot_563/2011_DSC0378Habitat: Mixed wood, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Pinus sp., Larix decidua, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fraxinus ornus; moderately inclined mountain slope, south aspect, calcareous bedrock; rather dry and warm place, partly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead trunk of a large Fagus sylvatica in its last stage of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, settlement Lemovlje, above the trail from the settlement to TV repeater, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Growing in large colony with hundreds of fruitbodies. No microscopy done.Ref.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Ascomycetes, Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 260.(2) H.O. Baral & O. Baral, G. Marson, In vivo veritas, Hypocreales, 2xCD, 2nd edition (2003)(3) www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6524~gid...(4) F. J. Seaver, Notes on North American Hypocreales-II. Nectria Peziza, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, p203. (available at www.jstor.org/stable/2479115?seq=3 ) (5) T. Matsushima, Icones Microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum(1975), p179 (available at www.mycobank.org ) (6) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 116.

Nectria pezizaTrama.Dat.: Sept. 20. 2013Lat.: 46.35979 Long.: 13.70464Code: Bot_751/2013_DSC7977Habitat: Path side surrounded by pastures and mixed wood, near a farm house, locally flat terrain on southeast oriented mountain slope, open place, half sunny, mixed overgrown old scree and alluvial deposits, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: old, debarked, hollow stump of a cut down Juglans regia in its final stage of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, near abandoned farm house Skokar, Trenta 2, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: First I thought this is a myxomicete, however, microscope immediately revealed that it belongs to ascomycetes. Two species (within the scope of the literature available to me) Nectria peziza and Nectria coccinea were the closest candidates. Based on fruit body size, ostioles and oil drops N. peziza seems a better fit. Fruit body diameter: 0.39 (SD = 0.04) mm, n = 15 (in Ref.: (2) two observations cited: 0.34 mm and 0.3 to 0.5 mm). Ostioles clearly visible. Spores are septated and not warty. When observed slightly out of focus, longitudinal groves are barely visible on some (with my equipment), very slightly constricted, always with two large oil drops. Dimensions of free spores: 11.9(SD = 0.3) x 6.0 (SD = 0.14) , Q= 2.00 (SD = 0.14), n= 15. Dimensions of spores measured within asci: 11.7 (SD = 0.9) x 6.2 (SD = 0.5) , Q = 1.91 (SD = 0.24), n = 20, (data from Ref.: (2): 11.9 (SD = 1.1) x 5.9 (SD = 0.5) , n = 7). Asci dimensions: 88.1 (SD = 10.3) x 9.6 (SD = 1.0) , n = 9, (data from Ref.: (2): 70 - 90/7-9 ; in Ref.:(1) = 60 - 80/7-10 ). Olympus CH20 NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (pictures of spores, apical ring), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (asci, trama), Bausch & Lomb 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (perithecia), in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Ascomycetes, Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 260.(2) H.O. Baral & O. Baral, G. Marson, In vivo veritas, Hypocreales, 2xCD, 2nd edition (2003)(3) www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6524~gid...(4) F. J. Seaver, Notes on North American Hypocreales-II. Nectria Peziza, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, p203. (available at www.jstor.org/stable/2479115?seq=3 ) (5) T. Matsushima, Icones Microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum(1975), p179 (available at www.mycobank.org )

Horsell Common , Surrey. TQ011609

Nectria pezizaDat.: Sept. 20. 2013Lat.: 46.35979 Long.: 13.70464Code: Bot_751/2013_DSC7977Habitat: Path side surrounded by pastures and mixed wood, near a farm house, locally flat terrain on southeast oriented mountain slope, open place, half sunny, mixed overgrown old scree and alluvial deposits, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: old, debarked, hollow stump of a cut down Juglans regia in its final stage of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, near abandoned farm house Skokar, Trenta 2, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: First I thought this is a myxomicete, however, microscope immediately revealed that it belongs to ascomycetes. Two species (within the scope of the literature available to me) Nectria peziza and Nectria coccinea were the closest candidates. Based on fruit body size, ostioles and oil drops N. peziza seems a better fit. Fruit body diameter: 0.39 (SD = 0.04) mm, n = 15 (in Ref.: (2) two observations cited: 0.34 mm and 0.3 to 0.5 mm). Ostioles clearly visible. Spores are septated and not warty. When observed slightly out of focus, longitudinal groves are barely visible on some (with my equipment), very slightly constricted, always with two large oil drops. Dimensions of free spores: 11.9(SD = 0.3) x 6.0 (SD = 0.14) , Q= 2.00 (SD = 0.14), n= 15. Dimensions of spores measured within asci: 11.7 (SD = 0.9) x 6.2 (SD = 0.5) , Q = 1.91 (SD = 0.24), n = 20, (data from Ref.: (2): 11.9 (SD = 1.1) x 5.9 (SD = 0.5) , n = 7). Asci dimensions: 88.1 (SD = 10.3) x 9.6 (SD = 1.0) , n = 9, (data from Ref.: (2): 70 - 90/7-9 ; in Ref.:(1) = 60 - 80/7-10 ). Olympus CH20 NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (pictures of spores, apical ring), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (asci, trama), Bausch & Lomb 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (perithecia), in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Ascomycetes, Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 260.(2) H.O. Baral & O. Baral, G. Marson, In vivo veritas, Hypocreales, 2xCD, 2nd edition (2003)(3) www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6524~gid...(4) F. J. Seaver, Notes on North American Hypocreales-II. Nectria Peziza, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, p203. (available at www.jstor.org/stable/2479115?seq=3 ) (5) T. Matsushima, Icones Microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum(1975), p179 (available at www.mycobank.org )

Nectria pezizaPerithecia.Dat.: Sept. 20. 2013Lat.: 46.35979 Long.: 13.70464Code: Bot_751/2013_DSC7977Habitat: Path side surrounded by pastures and mixed wood, near a farm house, locally flat terrain on southeast oriented mountain slope, open place, half sunny, mixed overgrown old scree and alluvial deposits, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: old, debarked, hollow stump of a cut down Juglans regia in its final stage of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, near abandoned farm house Skokar, Trenta 2, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: First I thought this is a myxomicete, however, microscope immediately revealed that it belongs to ascomycetes. Two species (within the scope of the literature available to me) Nectria peziza and Nectria coccinea were the closest candidates. Based on fruit body size, ostioles and oil drops N. peziza seems a better fit. Fruit body diameter: 0.39 (SD = 0.04) mm, n = 15 (in Ref.: (2) two observations cited: 0.34 mm and 0.3 to 0.5 mm). Ostioles clearly visible. Spores are septated and not warty. When observed slightly out of focus, longitudinal groves are barely visible on some (with my equipment), very slightly constricted, always with two large oil drops. Dimensions of free spores: 11.9(SD = 0.3) x 6.0 (SD = 0.14) , Q= 2.00 (SD = 0.14), n= 15. Dimensions of spores measured within asci: 11.7 (SD = 0.9) x 6.2 (SD = 0.5) , Q = 1.91 (SD = 0.24), n = 20, (data from Ref.: (2): 11.9 (SD = 1.1) x 5.9 (SD = 0.5) , n = 7). Asci dimensions: 88.1 (SD = 10.3) x 9.6 (SD = 1.0) , n = 9, (data from Ref.: (2): 70 - 90/7-9 ; in Ref.:(1) = 60 - 80/7-10 ). Olympus CH20 NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (pictures of spores, apical ring), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (asci, trama), Bausch & Lomb 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (perithecia), in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Ascomycetes, Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 260.(2) H.O. Baral & O. Baral, G. Marson, In vivo veritas, Hypocreales, 2xCD, 2nd edition (2003)(3) www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6524~gid...(4) F. J. Seaver, Notes on North American Hypocreales-II. Nectria Peziza, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, p203. (available at www.jstor.org/stable/2479115?seq=3 ) (5) T. Matsushima, Icones Microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum(1975), p179 (available at www.mycobank.org )