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A photo of bakers yeast, taken through the microscope. Please note: use of this image for non-commercial purposes requires attribution. Thanks!
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Kuala Tahan, Pahang, Malaysia
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Girraween National ParkLichenGIR_171028_F06_VRI have no idea what this lichen is. It's a brownish cracked crust (in daylight) with tiny dark red-brown apothecia.
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LichenGirraween National ParkGIR_170722_F11_VR
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Pista entregada por Pablo Sandoval. falt observar al microscopio*...
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Sant'Eufemia a Maiella, Abruzzi, Italy
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Clonostachys rosea (Link) Schroers, Samuels, Seifert & W. Gams, syn.: Penicillium roseum Link, Gliocladium roseum BainierDat.: Nov. 3. 2016Lat.: 46.35962 Long.: 13.70446Code: Bot_1026/2016_DSC6356Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; skeletal, colluvial, calcareous ground; in shade; relatively warm and dry place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.840 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: on somewhat over-mature Rhizopogon aestivus fruitbody.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, near Skokar farm house, Trenta 2, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Orange blobs on the surface of almost black sporocarp of Rhizopogon aestivus are anamorph form of a parasitic fungus Clonostachys rosea (teleomorph formerly known as Bionectria). This was determined by growing fungus in culture from herbarium sample (Ref.:1). Clonostachys rosea is a common species found on several substrates including other fungi (fungicolous species). It colonizes living plants as an endophyte, can live in ground living as a saprophyte, or lives as a parasite on other fungi or nematodes. It produces several kinds of mycotoxins. It is used in biological pest control on vegetable, mostly for treatment of grey mold (Botrytis cinerea) of tomato and strawberries.The long fusiform and septated conidia also observed belong most probably to another fungus belonging to genus Fusarium. It has not been determined to species level. Small conidia of Clonostachys rosea smooth; dimensions: 4.7 [5.5 ; 5.9] 6.8 x 2.9 [3.3 ; 3.5] 3.8 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.6 ; 1.7] 2; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 5.7 x 3.4 microns; Qe = 1.7. Fusiform, long, narrowly spindle-shaped, slightly bend conidia dimensions; 35.9 [46.9 ; 51.8] 62.8 x 4.5 [5.2 ; 5.5] 6.2 microns; Q = 6.2 [8.8 ; 9.9] 12.4; N = 31; C = 95%; Me = 49.3 x 5.3 microns; Qe = 9.3; number of septa: AVG = 4.9 (SD = 1.4), N=34.Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (small conidia), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (large conidia, hypha, conidiophores), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (squash); fresh material; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) Personal communication with Dr.Walter Gams,
www.ascofrance.com , who has grown a culture and determined the species.(2)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonostachys_rosea_f._rosea
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Canale Monterano, Lazio, Italy
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Edgewood, Florida, United States
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Encoelia furfuracea (Roth) P. Karst., syn.: Cenangium furfuraceum (Roth) De Not., Peziza furfuracea Roth, Phibalis furfuracea (Roth) Wallr.,Family: Sclerotiniaceae.EN: Spring Hazelcup, DE: Hasel-Kleiebecherling, Gewhnlicher HaselbecherlingSlo.: mekinasta mehurevkaDat.: April 27. 2021Lat.: 46.35948 Long.: 13.70049Code: Bot_1362/2021_DSC2218Habitat: Former mountain pasture, now densely overgrown with bushes and small trees, Corylus avellana, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus dominant; slightly incline mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground, shallow soil layer; mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead, rotten but still in bark, 2.5 cm diameter branch of Corylus avellana lying on ground.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta; right bank of river Soa, between Trenta 2b cottage and abandoned farmhouse, Soa 48; right bank of the Skokar ravine; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Many sporocarps present on a piece of branch about 1m long; growing mostly in groups of several 'cups' but some also solitary; in case of many, cups dense and irregularly shapeed, confluent at the base, diameter from 0.8 cm to 1.8 cm, taste and smell indistinctive, SP abundant, whitish-yellow, oac 892. Spores cylindrical with rounded ends, smooth, allantoid. Dimensions: (8,6) 9,2 - 11,1 (11,6) (2,1) 2,2 - 2,7 (2,9) m; Q = (3,2) 3,7 - 4,5 (4,9); N = 37; Me = 10,1 2,5 m; Qe = 4,1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) M.W. Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, Uni.of Texas Press, Austin (2014),(2) T. Lsse, J.H. Petersen, Fungi of temperate Europe, Vol. 1,2., Princeton University Press (2019), p 1408. (3) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 99.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984),
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Medula fluoresces orange in UV light
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Florida, United States
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Alectoria lata as known in northern California - may differ from what is called A. lata in other areas... taxonomic work needed.
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Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia
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Greenfield, Massachusetts, United States
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Usnea filipendula Stirton, syn.: Usnea dasypoga (Ach.) Shirlay; Usnea flagellata Mot.Fishbone Beard Lichen, DE: Gewhnlicher Baubart, BartflechteSlo.: lasasti bradovecDat.: Jan. 1. 2017Lat.: 46.35261 Long.: 13.74700Code: Bot_1031/2017_DSC6723 Habitat: alpine forest, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Larix decidua dominant trees, almost flat terrain, calcareous ground, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 1.660 m (5.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Dead branch of Larix decidua.Place: Lower Trenta valley, above Na Skali settlement, next to the trail from Planina V Plazeh to Mt. isti vrh, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Thallus pendant, approximately 30 cm long, completely dry (after more than one month of dry weather, temperatures below 0 deg C); many lichens present. The species was once abundant in mountain forests. However, it is very sensitive to air pollution and is hence in strong decline in many places in Europe where it is considered endangered and (mostly) protected. Plants with apothecia became rare. At higher elevations in Trenta valley this lichen is still quite common and apothecia are still abundant. However, even here some damages due to pollution can be observed (brown dots on apothecia surface - see arrows on Fig. 11).This lichen has been historically used to treat wounds and modern tests for antibacterial properties have been positive. The lichen contains antibiotic usnin-acid, which is nowadays synthetically produced.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 718.(2) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 443.(3) B. Marbach, C. Kainz, Moose, Farne und Flechten, BLV Naturfrer (2002), p 78.(4) C.W. Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society (2009), p 923.(5) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 947.
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Emmen, Drenthe, Netherlands