Embryophytes

This is a close view taken at home of the underside of a frond and shows developing sporangia and the scaly midrib. Both Polystichum lonchitis and P. munitum were growing in the same vicinity.

This has become a rare and endangered fern in a genus endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Originally known from all of the major Hawaiian Islands, now it is only found in Glenwood on the Big Island and in a few small populations on Kauai. According to USFWS, the population has declined rapidly (2009), with over 1200 individuals in the 1990's and now only 51-123 individuals in 2009. In my limited perspective, this species is on the brink of extinction.

Compilation of multiple photos taken at different points in time; taken both in field and in lab. Specimen verified by Dan Norris.

This is a fairly dissected form of P. californicum but is not dissected enough to be P. dudleyi and has narrower fronds than that species.

This was gathered by others during the West Coast Bryophyte Workshop and photographed by me at the CYO camp where we stayed. The vertical green spike-like developing sporophytes of a hornwort are also visible.

in large open acidic wetland with Trientalis europea, Drosera rotundifolia, Triantha glutinosa, Vaccinium oxyoccos bordered by dwarfed Pinus contortus, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis. SYN: S. cymbifolium

Habitat: Mixed woods, cold mountain stream shore in a narrow alpine valley, shade, humid air, calcareous ground, protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 630 m (2,100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: fallen, debarked, partly rotten trunk of Picea abies. - Comment: Determination not certain. - Ref.: (1) Ian Atherton, Ed. Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland - a field guide, British Bryological Society (2010), p 92. (2) http://www.geog.ubc.ca/richmond/city/kentcephaloziabicuspidata1.jpg

plants on an open exposed rockface of gypseous limestone of a foothill on the NW edge of the Sierra Parras, with Jatropha dioica, Agave asperrima, Opuntia rufida, Sericodes greggii, Sengalia crassifolia.

leaf